Continuously Opening New Horizons for Marxist Political Economy in Contemporary China

Xi Jinping’s economic thought was established and developed in the extraordinary process in which the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core observed the general situation, planned the overall picture, and did practical work, successfully steering the overall situation of China’s economic development. *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy*, Volume I, centrally reflects the principles, theories, and philosophies of this important thought as it continuously opens up new horizons for theoretical innovation in adapting to new situations, solving new problems, and responding to new challenges. It runs through General Secretary Xi Jinping’s profound reflections and scientific judgments on major theoretical and practical issues in China’s economic construction in the New Era, presents the magnificent historical process and world-renowned great achievements of China’s economic development in the New Era, contains distinct historical and theoretical logic, and centrally embodies the rich connotations and practical requirements of Xi Jinping’s economic thought.

习近平经济思想是在以习近平同志为核心的党中央观大势、谋全局、干实事，成功驾驭中国经济发展大局的非凡历程中创立和发展的。《习近平经济文选》第一卷集中反映了这一重要思想在适应新形势、解决新问题、应对新挑战中不断开辟理论创新新境界的道理学理哲理，贯穿着习近平总书记对新时代我国经济建设重大理论和实践问题的深邃思考和科学判断，展现了新时代我国经济发展波澜壮阔的历史进程和举世瞩目的伟大成就，蕴含着鲜明的历史逻辑和理论逻辑，集中体现了习近平经济思想的丰富内涵和实践要求。

I. Putting Forward a Series of Major Judgments and Theses Concerning the Overall Situation of China’s Economic Development, Clearly Answering the Questions of How to View China’s Economic Situation and How to Carry Out Economic Work

一、提出一系列关系我国经济发展全局的重大判断和论断，明确回答了我国经济形势怎么看、经济工作怎么干的问题

After the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the domestic and international economic situation was extremely complex and intertwined, with both the world economy and China’s economy facing many new major issues. The deep-seated effects of the international financial crisis continued to spread, the world economic recovery was weak, international trade was sluggish, and protectionism was on the rise. Domestically, downward pressure on the economy continued to increase, structural and institutional contradictions in the economy were prominent, and problems of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development were significant. *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy*, Volume I, includes 31 important manuscripts by General Secretary Xi Jinping from the 18th to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, scientifically answering how to view the economic situation in the New Era and how to carry out economic work, centrally embodying the formation and development process of Xi Jinping’s economic thought during this historical stage.

党的十八大以后，国内外经济形势极其错综复杂，世界经济和我国经济都面临许多新的重大课题。国际金融危机深层次影响持续蔓延，世界经济复苏乏力，国际贸易低迷，保护主义抬头。国内经济下行压力不断加大，经济结构性体制性矛盾突出，发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题显著。《习近平经济文选》第一卷收入习近平总书记在党的十八大到党的十九大期间的31篇重要文稿，对新时代经济形势怎么看、经济工作怎么干作出科学回答，集中体现了这一历史阶段习近平经济思想的形成和发展历程。

In December 2012, at the first Central Economic Work Conference after the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that the Party’s leadership over economic work must be effectively strengthened. After the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee continuously improved the systems and mechanisms for leading economic work, strengthened the analysis and grasp of the overall development situation and trends, promptly formulated major policies and decisions, and deployed major work, ensuring that the Party’s leadership over economic work was implemented and that China’s economy developed in the correct direction. In July 2013, at a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that China’s economy was in a stage where the period of shifting growth rates, the period of painful structural adjustments, and the period of digesting previous stimulus policies overlapped. In December 2013, at the Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the major judgment of the “new normal.” In December 2014, at the Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping deeply analyzed the reasons for China’s economic development entering the new normal, emphasizing that understanding, adapting to, and leading the new normal was the major logic of China’s economic development for the current and future period. This historically and dialectically clarified the situation and tasks facing China’s economic development.

2012年12月，在党的十八大召开后的首次中央经济工作会议上，习近平总书记明确指出，必须切实加强党对经济工作的领导。党的十八大以后，党中央不断完善领导经济工作的体制机制，加强对发展大局大势的分析和把握，及时制定重大方针决策，部署重大工作，确保党对经济工作的领导落到实处，保证我国经济沿着正确方向发展。2013年7月，习近平总书记在中央政治局常委会会议上指出，我国经济正处于增长速度换挡期、结构调整阵痛期、前期刺激政策消化期叠加的阶段。2013年12月在中央经济工作会议上，习近平总书记提出“新常态”的重大判断。2014年12月，习近平总书记在中央经济工作会议上深刻分析我国经济发展进入新常态的原因，强调认识新常态、适应新常态、引领新常态是当前和今后一个时期我国经济发展的大逻辑。这就历史地、辩证地认清了我国经济发展面临的形势任务。

Facing the complex situation, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly emphasized that adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability was an important principle of our governance and also a methodology for doing economic work well. Our Party has consistently adhered to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, assessing the situation, deliberating carefully, respecting laws, grasping the rhythm and intensity of work well, and seeking progress while maintaining overall stability. In response to a series of prominent contradictions and challenges facing China’s development, in November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee made arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform, achieving a series of major breakthroughs in reform theory and policy. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the core issue of economic system reform was to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market, enabling the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation and the government to play its role better. The Party Central Committee promptly adjusted its macro-control thinking and deeply advanced supply-side structural reform, prescribing a fundamental cure for maintaining the sustained and healthy development of China’s economy.

面对复杂形势，习近平总书记明确强调坚持稳中求进工作总基调是我们治国理政的重要原则，也是做好经济工作的方法论。我们党一以贯之坚持稳中求进工作总基调，审时度势、深思熟虑、尊重规律，把握好工作节奏和力度，在保持大局稳定的前提下谋进。针对我国发展面临的一系列突出矛盾和挑战，2013年11月，党的十八届三中全会对全面深化改革作出部署，形成改革理论和政策的一系列重大突破。习近平总书记强调，经济体制改革的核心问题是处理好政府和市场关系，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。党中央及时调整宏观调控思路，深入推进供给侧结构性改革，为保持我国经济持续健康发展开出治本良药。

Addressing issues that concerned the overall situation and had long-term implications, in October 2015, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the people-centered development philosophy and the development concepts of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing, emphasizing that adhering to the new development concepts was a profound transformation concerning the overall situation of China’s development. After the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee proposed and implemented a series of major development strategies. These included the innovation-driven development strategy, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy focusing on relieving Beijing of functions non-essential to its role as the capital, the Yangtze River Economic Belt development strategy based on the principle of major protection and no major development, the new urbanization strategy centered on promoting people-centered urbanization and oriented towards improving quality, and the national food security strategy based on self-reliance, domestic focus, ensuring production capacity, moderate imports, and technological support. These strategies have had a profound impact on China’s economic development and transformation.

针对关系全局、事关长远的问题，2015年10月，习近平总书记在党的十八届五中全会上提出坚持以人民为中心的发展思想和坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，强调坚持新发展理念是关系我国发展全局的一场深刻变革。党的十八大以后，党中央提出并实施一系列重大发展战略。包括创新驱动发展战略，以疏解北京非首都功能为重点的京津冀协同发展战略，以共抓大保护、不搞大开发为原则的长江经济带发展战略，以促进人的城镇化为核心、提高质量为导向的新型城镇化战略，以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑的国家粮食安全战略等，对我国经济发展变革产生深远影响。

From the 18th to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping’s economic thought was nurtured and formed in the process of the Party continuously exploring laws, deepening understanding, unifying thinking, and making correct decisions. Under the guidance of a series of major theories and concepts, our Party scientifically understood the economic situation, accurately judged future trends, deeply grasped the laws of economic development, endowed Marxist political economy with new contemporary connotations, and successfully steered the overall situation of China’s economic development. China’s economy maintained medium-to-high growth rates, ranking among the top in the world’s major countries, with its total economic output firmly in second place globally, achieving major structural changes that had been desired for years but not realized. Agricultural modernization steadily advanced, regional development coordination strengthened, the construction of an innovative country yielded fruitful results, and a new system for an open economy was gradually improved.

从党的十八大到党的十九大，习近平经济思想在党不断探索规律、深化认识、统一思想、正确决策的过程中孕育形成。在一系列重大理论和理念的指导下，我们党科学认识经济形势，准确研判未来走势，深刻把握经济发展规律，赋予马克思主义政治经济学新的时代内涵，成功驾驭了我国经济发展大局。我国经济保持中高速增长，在世界主要国家中名列前茅，经济总量稳居世界第二，实现了多年想实现而没有实现的重大结构性变革。农业现代化稳步推进，区域发展协调性增强，创新型国家建设成果丰硕，开放型经济新体制逐步健全。

II. Based on the New Historical Juncture of China’s Economic Development, Forming and Developing a Scientific Thought System with Rich Connotations, Rigorous Logic, and Complete System

二、依据我国经济发展新的历史方位，形成和发展了内涵丰富、逻辑严谨、系统完备的科学思想体系

After the 19th National Congress of the CPC, anchored to the goals of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and promoting high-quality economic development, Xi Jinping’s economic thought continued to develop in practice. The 27 important manuscripts by General Secretary Xi Jinping from the 19th to the 20th National Congress of the CPC included in *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy*, Volume I, are a vivid manifestation of Xi Jinping’s economic thought continuously developing and leading China’s economy to move forward steadily during this historical stage.

党的十九大以后，锚定全面建成小康社会、推动经济高质量发展目标，习近平经济思想在实践中不断发展。《习近平经济文选》第一卷收入的习近平总书记在党的十九大到党的二十大期间的重要文稿27篇，就是习近平经济思想在这一历史阶段不断发展、引领中国经济稳健前行的生动体现。

Correctly understanding and accurately grasping the historical juncture and development stage is an important experience in promoting the smooth development of China’s economy and society. In October 2017, at the 19th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly expounded on the major changes in China’s principal social contradiction and the historic changes in the stage of economic development, pointing out that socialism with Chinese characteristics had entered a New Era, that the principal contradiction facing Chinese society had evolved into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, and that China’s economy had shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development.

正确认识和准确把握历史方位和发展阶段，是推动我国经济社会顺利发展的重要经验。2017年10月，习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中深刻阐述了我国社会主要矛盾的重大变化和经济发展阶段的历史性变化，指出中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。

The change in China’s principal social contradiction is a historic change concerning the overall situation, placing many new demands on the work of the Party and the state. The Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2017, for the first time, clearly proposed and elaborated on Xi Jinping’s economic thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era (i.e., Xi Jinping’s economic thought). This is the theoretical crystallization of our Party’s practice in promoting China’s economic development since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, a rational summary of the political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics using the basic principles of Marxism, and a very valuable spiritual asset of the Party and the state.

我国社会主要矛盾的变化是关系全局的历史性变化，对党和国家工作提出了许多新要求。2017年12月召开的中央经济工作会议，首次明确提出并阐述习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想（即习近平经济思想）。这是党的十八大以来我们党推动我国经济发展实践的理论结晶，是运用马克思主义基本原理对中国特色社会主义政治经济学的理性概括，是党和国家十分宝贵的精神财富。

Along with the completion of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the realization of the First Centenary Goal, China has entered a new stage of development in the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and marching toward the Second Centenary Goal. How to accurately grasp the orientation of the era, scientifically assess the internal and external environment, and clarify future development ideas has become a major new issue facing the Party and the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping has given deep thought to this issue, first proposing in April 2020 the construction of a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. In October 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee [4]4 Marx, "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte." made systematic plans and strategic deployments for the 14th Five-Year Plan period [5] regarding grasping the new stage of development, implementing the new development philosophy, constructing the new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development. The Party Central Committee adheres to prioritizing quality and efficiency, improving total factor productivity, taking the advancement of supply-side structural reform as the main line of economic work, focusing on building an industrial system with coordinated development of the real economy, technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources, and focusing on constructing an economic system with effective market mechanisms, vibrant micro-entities, and appropriate macro-control, thereby promoting changes in the quality, efficiency, and drivers of economic development.

伴随着全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标，我国进入了全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新发展阶段。如何准确把握时代方位，科学研判内外环境，阐明未来发展思路，成为摆在党和人民面前新的重大课题。习近平总书记对这一问题作了深入思考，2020年4月首次提出构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。2020年10月，党的十九届五中全会对“十四五”时期把握新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展作出系统谋划和战略部署。党中央坚持质量第一、效益优先，提高全要素生产率，把推进供给侧结构性改革作为经济工作的主线，着力加快建设实体经济、科技创新、现代金融、人力资源协同发展的产业体系，着力构建市场机制有效、微观主体有活力、宏观调控有度的经济体制，推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革。

From the 19th National Congress of the CPC to the 20th National Congress of the

从党的十九大到党的二十大，习近平经济思想直面中国经济发展面临的新问题新挑战，深刻总结并充分运用引领我国经济高质量发展的成功经验，形成和发展了内涵丰富、逻辑严谨、系统完备的科学思想体系，引领我国经济实力实现了历史性跃升。我国国内生产总值突破百万亿元大关，人均国内生产总值超过一万美元。谷物总产量稳居世界首位，14亿多人口的粮食安全、能源安全得到有效保障。制造业规模稳居世界第一，建成世界最大的高速铁路网、高速公路网，基础设施建设取得重大成就。科技创新取得重大进展，“嫦娥四号”等重大科技工程捷报频传。连续举办中国国际进口博览会，扎实推进共建“一带一路”，对外开放全方位扩大。乡村振兴战略有力实施，常住人口城镇化率首次突破60%。区域重大战略和区域协调发展战略深入实施。防范化解重大风险、精准脱贫、污染防治三大攻坚战取得决定性成就。我国经济迈上更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展之路。

III. Centering on the Central Task of Chinese-Path Modernization, Continuously Deepening the Understanding of the Laws Governing Economic Work

三、围绕中国式现代化的中心任务，不断深化对经济工作的规律性认识

Since the 20th National Congress of the CPC, focusing on comprehensively building a strong country and advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has upheld theoretical innovation in economic work, promptly summarized experiences, deepened understanding of laws, and intensively studied new situations and new problems facing the world economy and China's economy, forming a series of new thoughts, new viewpoints, and new judgments that reveal new characteristics and new laws. The 16 important manuscripts of General Secretary Xi Jinping from the 20th National Congress of the CPC to December 2024 included in the first volume of *Selected Economic Works of Xi Jinping* are a vivid presentation of this historical process.

党的二十大以来，着眼于以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，以习近平同志为核心的党中央在经济工作中坚持理论创新，及时总结经验，深化规律性认识，深入研究世界经济和我国经济面临的新情况新问题，形成一系列揭示新特点新规律的新思想新观点新论断。《习近平经济文选》第一卷收入的习近平总书记在党的二十大至2024年12月期间的重要文稿16篇，就是这一历史过程的精彩呈现。

After ten years of continuous struggle in the New Era, China's economy has shifted to high-quality development and achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic transformations. China's development now stands at a new and higher historical starting point. The Party Central Committee scientifically grasped the new journey and new situation, clearly defined the central task of comprehensively building a great modern socialist country, achieving the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and made systematic elaboration and comprehensive deployment for advancing Chinese-path modernization. In October 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping, in his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, made a two-step overall strategic arrangement for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country, further clarifying that high-quality development is the primary task in comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Entering 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively put forward the concept of new quality productive forces and the major task of developing new quality productive forces, clarifying that developing new quality productive forces is the intrinsic requirement and important focus for promoting high-quality development, and requiring the development of new quality productive forces according to local conditions to promote a smooth and orderly transition and replacement of old and new development drivers.

经过新时代十年的接续奋斗，我国经济转向高质量发展并取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，我国发展站在了新的更高的历史起点上。党中央科学把握新征程新形势，明确全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的中心任务，对推进中国式现代化作出系统阐述和全面部署。2022年10月，习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中对全面建成社会主义现代化强国作出分两步走的总的战略安排，进一步明确高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。进入2023年，习近平总书记创造性提出新质生产力的概念和发展新质生产力的重大任务，明确发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点，要求因地制宜发展新质生产力，推动新旧发展动能平稳接续转换。

To continuously enhance the endogenous driving force and vitality of development, the Party Central Committee scientifically planned major measures for further deepening reform comprehensively, continuously injecting strong impetus into promoting high-quality development and advancing Chinese-path modernization. In July 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC that further deepening reform comprehensively must be closely centered on the theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization. The *Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization*, reviewed and approved at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, deployed over 300 important reform measures involving the system, mechanisms, and institutional levels, covering all aspects of advancing Chinese-path modernization, constructing a panoramic blueprint for further deepening reform comprehensively.

为持续增强发展的内生动力和活力，党中央科学谋划进一步全面深化改革重大举措，为推动高质量发展、推进中国式现代化持续注入强劲动力。2024年7月，习近平总书记在党的二十届三中全会上指出，进一步全面深化改革，必须紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化这个主题来展开。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》，部署300多项涉及体制、机制、制度层面的重要改革举措，覆盖推进中国式现代化方方面面，构筑了进一步全面深化改革的全景图。

Facing the complex and severe situation of increased external pressure, increased internal difficulties, especially increased downward pressure on the economy, on September 26, 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, scientifically assessed the economic situation, decisively deployed a package of incremental policies, effectively boosting social confidence and significantly recovering the economy. The economic operation throughout 2024 showed a trend of "high in the first quarter, medium in the middle, and rising later," which fully confirms the superb wisdom and outstanding ability of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in managing economic work under complex and changing circumstances. In December 2024, at the Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the understanding of the laws of "one greatest consensus, five must-coordinates," emphasizing that the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for doing a good job in economic work, which is the greatest consensus formed by the entire Party.

面对外部压力加大、内部困难增多特别是经济下行压力加大的复杂严峻形势，2024年9月26日，习近平总书记主持召开中央政治局会议，科学研判经济形势，果断部署一揽子增量政策，推动社会信心有效提振、经济明显回升。2024年全年经济运行呈现出“前高、中低、后扬”的趋势，这充分印证了以习近平同志为核心的党中央在复杂多变局面下驾驭经济工作的高超智慧和卓越能力。2024年12月，习近平总书记在中央经济工作会议上提出“一个最大共识、五个必须统筹”的规律性认识，强调党中央集中统一领导是做好经济工作的根本保证，这是全党上下形成的最大共识。

This series of new thoughts, new viewpoints, and new judgments since the 20th National Congress of the CPC has further enriched and

党的二十大以来的这一系列新思想新观点新论断进一步丰富和发展了习近平经济思想，为今后一个时期的经济工作提供了思想引领。知之愈明，则行之愈笃。在习近平经济思想引领下，我国经济沿着高质量发展航向乘风破浪、稳健前行，“稳”的态势巩固延续，“进”的步伐坚实有力，“新”的动能茁壮成长。2024年，我国国内生产总值接近135万亿元，增速居世界主要经济体前列，对全球经济增长的贡献率保持在30%左右。国际收支基本平衡，对外贸易规模创历史新高，国际市场份额稳中有升。新质生产力稳步发展，战略性新兴产业发展壮大，新动能新优势加快塑造。粮食产量首次跃上1.4万亿斤新台阶。“两重”建设、“两新”工作等宏观政策持续发力，有效激发内需潜力，对提振居民消费、扩大有效投资、加快绿色转型的综合效应持续显现。经济金融领域风险有效缓解，经济循环逐步改善，市场信心明显提振。我国经济实力实现历史性跃升，中国式现代化迈出新的坚实步伐。

IV. Continuously opening up new horizons for contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy in the historical process of scientifically answering new questions of the era

四、在科学解答时代新课题的历史进程中不断开拓当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界

Xi Jinping's economic thought has taken shape and developed across different historical stages, each with its own era-specific background, historical content, and evolutionary trajectory. As Marx pointed out, "If we study each of these evolutions separately and then compare them, we will easily find the key to understanding this phenomenon." [4]4 Marx, "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte." Looking back at history, it can be seen that the key to deeply understanding and scientifically grasping the historical logic of Xi Jinping's economic thought lies in its firm historical confidence, respect for historical laws, maintenance of historical patience, and grasp of historical initiative, continuously opening up new horizons for contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy in the historical process of scientifically answering new questions of the era.

习近平经济思想在不同历史阶段的形成和发展，有着不同的时代背景、历史内涵和演变脉络。正如马克思所指出的，“如果把这些演变中的每一个都分别加以研究，然后再把它们加以比较，我们就会很容易地找到理解这种现象的钥匙”。回顾历史可以看出，深入理解和科学把握习近平经济思想历史逻辑的钥匙，就在于习近平经济思想坚定历史自信、尊重历史规律、保持历史耐心、把握历史主动，在科学解答时代新课题的历史进程中不断开拓当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界。

Xi Jinping’s economic thought possesses a distinct epochal character; it is an economic theory that advances with the times. The era is the mother of thought, and the epochal issues of the day are the driving force behind theoretical innovation. Continuous innovation in step with the development of the era is the driving force behind the birth and development of Marxist political economy, and it is also the secret to this science’s ability to maintain enduring vitality. Xi Jinping’s economic thought stands at the forefront of the times, discerns the trends of the era, and grasps its pulse. It not only adheres unswervingly to taking economic construction as the central task, making economic work the central work of the Party in governing the country, but also accurately identifies changes, responds scientifically to changes, and actively seeks change. From judging that China’s economic development was in the specific stage of the “overlap of three periods” [5] to proposing that economic development had entered a New Normal, from clarifying that China’s economy had shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development to embarking on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, Xi Jinping’s economic thought is far-sighted, assesses the situation, and consistently grasps the historical orientation within the development orientation and grasps historical time within chronological time, establishing strategic coordinates and providing strategic guidance for economic work in the New Era.

习近平经济思想具有鲜明的时代性，是与时俱进的经济学说。时代是思想之母，时代课题是理论创新的驱动力。随着时代的发展而不断创新，是马克思主义政治经济学诞生和发展的动力所在，也是这门科学能够永葆生机活力的奥妙所在。习近平经济思想站在时代前沿，洞察时代风云，把握时代脉搏，既坚持以经济建设为中心不动摇，将经济工作作为党治国理政的中心工作，又准确识变、科学应变、主动求变。从判断我国经济发展处在“三期叠加”的特定阶段到提出经济发展进入新常态，从明确我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段到开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，习近平经济思想高屋建瓴、审时度势，一以贯之地在发展方位中把握历史方位、在时间历史中把握历史时间，为新时代经济工作确立了战略坐标、提供了战略指引。

Xi Jinping’s economic thought possesses a distinct practical character; it is an economic theory that adheres to problem-orientation. All epoch-making theories are products that meet the needs of the times. The leap in theory is not reflected in the novelty of words and phrases, nor in the self-consistency of logic; ultimately, it must be reflected in answering practical questions and leading practical development. Xi Jinping’s economic thought profoundly discerns the realities and future trends of domestic and international economic development, and its analysis of how to respond to the evolution of the world situation and national conditions is incisive. From adhering to advancing supply-side structural reform as the “main line of work,” to accelerating the construction of a new development pattern as the strategic basis for promoting high-quality development and expanding domestic demand as the strategic basis for accelerating the construction of a new development pattern—these two “strategic bases”; from adhering to a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, to implementing a more proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy; from focusing on revitalizing the real economy to accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces, and then to promoting the integrated development of technological innovation and industrial innovation, Xi Jinping’s economic thought follows the problems and targets the problems, consistently reflecting General Secretary Xi Jinping’s profound knowledge, outstanding insight, and extraordinary courage. It guides the entire Party, amidst the turbulent tides of the world economy, to master scientific economic analysis methods, understand the process of economic movement, grasp the laws of economic development, improve the ability to manage the socialist market economy, and accurately answer and systematically solve the theoretical and practical problems of China’s economic development.

习近平经济思想具有鲜明的实践性，是坚持问题导向的经济学说。一切划时代的理论，都是满足时代需要的产物。理论的飞跃不是体现在词句的标新立异上，也不是体现在逻辑的自洽自证上，归根到底要体现在回答实践问题、引领实践发展上。习近平经济思想深刻洞察国内国际经济发展现实和未来趋势，对如何应对世情国情发展演变的剖析鞭辟入里。从坚持推进供给侧结构性改革这一条“工作主线”，到加快构建新发展格局是推动高质量发展的战略基点、扩大内需是加快构建新发展格局的战略基点这两个“战略基点”，从坚持积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，到实施更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，从着力振兴实体经济到加快形成新质生产力，再到推动科技创新和产业创新融合发展，习近平经济思想跟着问题走、奔着问题去，一以贯之地反映着习近平总书记渊博的知识、卓越的见识、非凡的胆识，指引着全党在波涛汹涌的世界经济大潮中，掌握科学的经济分析方法，认识经济运动过程，把握经济发展规律，提高驾驭社会主义市场经济能力，准确回答和系统解决我国经济发展的理论和实践问题。

Xi Jinping’s economic thought possesses a distinct openness; it is an economic theory that connects history and the future. Historical development has no end, China’s economic development has no end, and opening up new horizons for contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy also has no end

习近平经济思想具有鲜明的开放性，是贯通历史与未来的经济学说。历史发展永无止境，中国经济发展永无止境，开拓当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界也永无止境。习近平经济思想是不断发展的开放的理论，是立足国情、造福人民、放眼世界、引领未来的科学理论，必将随着强国建设、民族复兴伟业的全面推进而不断丰富和完善。我国经济发展进程波澜壮阔、成就举世瞩目，蕴藏着理论创造的巨大动力、活力、潜力，是思想理论不断发展的“富矿”。回望历史，习近平经济思想已经树立起新时代经世济民、强国富民的思想丰碑；展望未来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央必将不断总结和提炼我国经济发展实践的规律性成果，把实践经验上升为系统化的经济学说，不断开拓当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界，为马克思主义政治经济学创新发展持续贡献中国智慧。

History and practice have fully proven that in the New Era, the ship of China’s economy has braved the wind and waves and sailed steadily forward, fundamentally because General Secretary Xi Jinping steers the course and because Xi Jinping’s

历史和实践充分证明，新时代我国经济航船乘风破浪、行稳致远，根本在于习近平总书记领航掌舵，在于习近平经济思想科学指引。习近平经济思想立足我国国情和发展实践，紧扣我国经济发展的阶段性特征，揭示我国经济发展的历史规律，应时代之变迁、立时代之潮头、发时代之先声，深刻回答我国经济发展的时代之问、人民之问、历史之问，蕴含着宏阔的历史视野、坚定的文化自信、深远的战略考量，为做好新时代新征程经济工作指明了正确方向、提供了根本遵循。我们要结合学习《习近平经济文选》第一卷，学好用好习近平经济思想，切实把学习成效转化为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的强大力量和生动实践。

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心