A Creative Exploration of the Autonomous Knowledge System of Chinese Economics

Not long ago, the first volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Economics* (hereinafter referred to as the *Selected Works*) was published and distributed, incorporating the most important and fundamental works of General Secretary Xi Jinping on economic construction. These works are a rational elevation of the practical experience gained from unremitting exploration of socialist economic construction with Chinese characteristics, undertaken by General Secretary Xi Jinping based on the realities of our country in the New Era, in the face of a severe and complex international environment and the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, and in the process of comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society and advancing and expanding Chinese-path modernization. They provide authoritative teaching materials for the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups in the country to deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping’s economic thought. Xi Jinping’s economic thought elevates the theoretical realm of the Chinese-characteristic “systematic economic theory” and innovatively develops the academic connotation and disciplinary norms of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics. To deeply study and implement the *Selected Works*, it is necessary to deeply understand and grasp the creative exploration of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics by Xi Jinping’s economic thought.

前不久，《习近平经济文选》第一卷（以下简称《文选》）出版发行，收入了习近平总书记关于经济建设最重要、最基本的著作。这些著作是习近平总书记立足新时代我国实际，面对严峻复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，在全面建成小康社会、推进和拓展中国式现代化进程中，对不懈探索中国特色社会主义经济建设实践经验的理性提升，为全党全国各族人民深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平经济思想提供了权威教材。习近平经济思想升华了中国特色“系统化的经济学说”的理论境界，创新发展了中国经济学自主知识体系的学术内涵和学理规范。深入学习贯彻《文选》，就要深入理解和把握习近平经济思想对中国经济学自主知识体系的创造性探索。

Rooted in the land of China, taking the economic development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era as the realistic background and object of cognition, it highlights the contemporary significance of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

扎根中国大地，以新时代中国特色社会主义经济发展为现实背景和认识对象，彰显了中国经济学自主知识体系的时代意蕴

The *Selected Works* opens with “The People’s Aspiration for a Better Life Is Our Goal,” firmly grasping the greatest national condition and greatest reality of China’s economic reform and development: “to unite and lead the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups in continuing to emancipate the mind, adhere to reform and opening up, continuously liberate and develop the social productive forces, strive to solve the people’s difficulties in production and life, and unswervingly take the path of common prosperity.”

《文选》以《人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标》为开篇，牢牢把握“团结带领全党全国各族人民，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，不断解放和发展社会生产力，努力解决群众的生产生活困难，坚定不移走共同富裕的道路”这一中国经济改革和发展的最大国情和最大实际。

In 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in “Constantly Opening Up New Horizons for Contemporary Chinese Marxist Political Economy”: “We must base ourselves on our national conditions and our development practice, deeply study the new situations and new problems facing the world economy and our country’s economy, reveal new characteristics and new laws, refine and summarize the regular achievements of our country’s economic development practice, elevate practical experience into a systematic economic theory, and constantly open up new horizons for contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy.” At that time, it was an important period for formulating the 13th Five-Year Plan. In this work, General Secretary Xi Jinping adhered to the combination of history, theory, and reality, making a profound exposition on the basic starting point and fundamental foothold for constructing the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics. From the height of intellectual history, he discussed the original viewpoints put forward by Comrade Mao Zedong on developing our country’s economy in the process of exploring the path of socialist construction. From the perspective of theoretical innovation, he pointed out that many important theoretical achievements of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy formed since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party “were not discussed by Marxist classical writers, nor did we have such practice and understanding before reform and opening up; they are political economy adapted to the national conditions of contemporary China and the characteristics of the times.” From the requirements of realistic development, he emphasized that “practice is the source of theory” and pointed out that “the process of our country’s economic development is magnificent, with achievements举世瞩目 [attracting worldwide attention], containing enormous driving force, vitality, and potential for theoretical creation.” In August 2020, at the important moment of planning the 14th Five-Year Plan, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in “Deepening Understanding of Major Issues in Medium- and Long-Term Economic and Social Development”: “Proceed from national conditions, come from Chinese practice and go to Chinese practice, write papers on the motherland, and make theoretical and policy innovations conform to China’s actual conditions and have Chinese characteristics.”

2015年，习近平总书记在《不断开拓当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界》中指出：“我们要立足我国国情和我们的发展实践，深入研究世界经济和我国经济面临的新情况新问题，揭示新特点新规律，提炼和总结我国经济发展实践的规律性成果，把实践经验上升为系统化的经济学说，不断开拓当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界”。那时正值制定“十三五”规划的重要时段，习近平总书记在这篇著作中坚持历史、理论、现实相结合，对构建中国经济学自主知识体系的基本出发点和根本立足点作出深刻论述，从思想史的高度，论述了毛泽东同志在探索社会主义建设道路过程中对发展我国经济提出的独创性观点；从理论创新的视角指出，党的十一届三中全会以来形成的当代中国马克思主义政治经济学的许多重要理论成果“马克思主义经典作家没有讲过，改革开放前我们也没有这方面的实践和认识，是适应当代中国国情和时代特点的政治经济学”；从现实发展的要求，强调“实践是理论的源泉”，指出“我国经济发展进程波澜壮阔、成就举世瞩目，蕴藏着理论创造的巨大动力、活力、潜力”。2020年8月，在谋划“十四五”规划的重要时刻，习近平总书记在《深化对中长期经济社会发展重大问题的认识》中指出：“从国情出发，从中国实践中来、到中国实践中去，把论文写在祖国大地上，使理论和政策创新符合中国实际、具有中国特色”。

Reading through the *Selected Works*, one can perceive that Xi Jinping’s economic thought

通读《文选》可以感悟到，习近平经济思想立足中国大地，深刻回答新时代中国经济要实现什么样的发展、怎样实现发展等重大问题，深入探索构建中国经济学自主知识体系。从加强党对经济工作的全面领导到坚持以人民为中心的发展思想、再到社会主要矛盾变化，从坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度到坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向、再到构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，从经济发展新常态到供给侧结构性改革、再到建设现代化经济体系，从进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展到全面推进中国式现代化，这些经济理论的形成和发展，都扎根于中国经济社会发展实际，以新时代全面深化改革的实践为基础，推进了中国经济学自主知识体系的构建。

Refining iconic concepts and advancing the "revolution in terminology" to achieve the distinctive markers of the independent knowledge system of Chinese economics

提炼标识性概念，推进“术语的革命”，成就中国经济学自主知识体系的显著标识

Engels proposed: "Every new insight into a science involves a revolution in the terminology of that science." [1]1 Friedrich Engels, "Preface to the Second Edition of *Capital* Volume I," in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, Chinese edition, Volume 44, p. 17. The "revolution in terminology" focuses on refining new theoretical concepts and theories. The series of new ideas, new thoughts, and new strategies in the *Selected Works* profoundly embody the "revolution in terminology" of original and iconic concepts in Xi Jinping's economic thought.

恩格斯提出：“一门科学提出的每一种新见解都包含这门科学的术语的革命。”“术语的革命”着力于提炼学理性的新概念、新理论。《文选》中的一系列新理念新思想新战略，深刻体现了习近平经济思想中原创性标识性概念的“术语的革命”。

The innovation of a series of terms, such as the new normal of economic development, a modernized economic system, supply-side structural reform, high-quality development, and new quality productive forces, along with the definition of categories and the aggregation of knowledge elements, are not only markers of the "revolution in terminology" in Chinese economics in the New Era but also the markers of the independent knowledge system of Chinese economics. They have become the most significant academic innovation of Xi Jinping's economic thought in constructing the independent knowledge system of Chinese economics, achieving the unique academic content and theoretical framework of this knowledge system.

经济发展新常态、现代化经济体系、供给侧结构性改革、高质量发展、新质生产力等一系列术语的创新、范畴的界定和知识要素的聚合，不仅是新时代中国经济学“术语的革命”的标志，也是中国经济学自主知识体系的标识，成为习近平经济思想对构建中国经济学自主知识体系的最显著的学术创新，成就了这一知识体系独特的学术内涵和学理构架。

Take new quality productive forces as an example. In "What Are New Quality Productive Forces and How to Develop Them," General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "New quality productive forces are advanced productive forces driven by innovation, breaking away from traditional economic growth models and paths of productive forces development, characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, and aligned with the new development philosophy. They are spawned by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Their basic connotation is the leap in the quality of laborers, means of labor, objects of labor, and their optimized combination, with a substantial increase in total factor productivity as the core marker. Their characteristic is innovation, the key is high quality, and the essence is advanced productive forces." [2]2 Xi Jinping, "What Are New Quality Productive Forces and How to Develop Them," *Qiushi*, 2024, Issue 11. New quality productive forces are General Secretary Xi Jinping's scientific summary of the trend in China's social productive forces development since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, where quantitative change has led to qualitative change. In particular, integrating the reality of China entering a new stage of development, implementing the new development philosophy, and building a new development pattern, General Secretary Xi Jinping has theoretically revealed the connotations and characteristics, markers and features, core and essence of new quality productive forces, providing an academic basis and theoretical guidance for accurately grasping the theoretical significance and practical value of new quality productive forces. As a "revolution in terminology" achieved by Xi Jinping's economic thought through practical and theoretical innovation, the category of new quality productive forces has become a distinctive marker of the independent knowledge system of Chinese economics.

以新质生产力为例。习近平总书记在《什么是新质生产力，如何发展新质生产力》中指出：“新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。它由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志，特点是创新，关键在质优，本质是先进生产力。”新质生产力是习近平总书记对党的十八大以来我国社会生产力发展量变引起质变这一态势的科学概括，特别是结合我国进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局的实际，习近平总书记从学理上揭示了新质生产力的内涵和特征、标志和特点、核心和本质等意蕴，为我们准确把握新质生产力的理论意义和实践价值提供了学术根据和学理遵循。作为习近平经济思想在实践创新和理论创新中实现的“术语的革命”，新质生产力这一范畴成为中国经济学自主知识体系的显著标识。

In "Continuously Opening Up New Horizons for Contemporary Chinese Marxist Political Economy," General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "In our economics teaching, we cannot blindly follow foreign theories without digesting them; we must still teach Marxist political economy, and contemporary Chinese socialist political economy must be taught extensively and emphatically." [3]3 Xi Jinping, "Continuously Opening Up New Horizons for Contemporary Chinese Marxist Political Economy," in *Selected Works of Xi Jinping*, Volume 2, p. 167. The refinement of original and iconic concepts and the advancement of the "revolution in terminology" also highlight the basic principles and essential methods of "teaching extensively and emphatically." Here, "teaching extensively and emphatically" does not mean simply repeating the knowledge and terminology of Marxist political economy but rather advancing with the times, upholding fundamental principles, and breaking new ground.

习近平总书记在《不断开拓当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界》中指出：“在我们的经济学教学中，不能食洋不化，还是要讲马克思主义政治经济学，当代中国社会主义政治经济学要大讲特讲”。原创性标识性概念的提炼、“术语的革命”的推进，也凸显了“大讲特讲”的基本原则和方法要义。这里的“大讲特讲”，并不是停留在对马克思主义政治经济学知识和术语的简单重复上，而是要与时俱进、守正创新。

The *Selected Works* [of Xi Jinping on the Economy] is grounded in the practice of economic construction in the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, embodying the social and historical determinations of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics in this specific period. Emphasizing and elaborating on Marxist political economy does not preclude drawing on and absorbing the rational components of foreign economic theories. Knowledge in Western economics concerning finance, markets, exchange rates, growth, and management reflects, on one level, the general laws of large-scale socialized production and the market economy. Regarding such knowledge, one must persist in discarding the dross and selecting the essential, discarding the false and retaining the true, and adhere to the principle of taking ourselves as the mainstay and using it for our own purposes. The autonomy of the Chinese economics knowledge system is consistent with its openness; its knowledge elements possess both distinct Chinese characteristics and notable features of the times; they include both China's independent theoretical innovations and creations, and the drawing on and absorption of all valuable and rational components from various economic theories.

《文选》立足新时代中国特色社会主义经济建设实践，体现这一特定时期中国经济学自主知识体系的社会性和历史性规定。大讲特讲马克思主义政治经济学，并不排斥对国外经济理论合理成分的借鉴和吸收。西方经济学中关于金融、市场、汇率、增长、管理等方面的知识，有反映社会化大生产和市场经济一般规律的一面。对于这些知识，要坚持去粗取精、去伪存真，坚持以我为主、为我所用。中国经济学知识体系的自主性同开放性是相一致的，其中的知识要素既具有鲜明的中国特色，也具有显著的时代特征；既有中国自主的理论创新和理论创造，也有对各种经济学中一切有价值的合理成分的借鉴和吸收。

Excavating new materials, discovering new problems, proposing new viewpoints, and constructing new theories fully manifest the epochal demands and internal logic of building an autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

挖掘新材料、发现新问题、提出新观点、构建新理论，尽显构建中国经济学自主知识体系的时代要求和内在逻辑

General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "China's philosophy and social sciences should center on what we are doing, excavating new materials, discovering new problems, proposing new viewpoints, and constructing new theories from the practice of our reform and opening up." In Xi Jinping Thought on the Economy, the important theoretical achievements of Chinese economics and their systematization are closely linked with the knowledge elements and knowledge system of Chinese economics developed during this period.

习近平总书记指出：“我国哲学社会科学应该以我们正在做的事情为中心，从我国改革发展的实践中挖掘新材料、发现新问题、提出新观点、构建新理论”。在习近平经济思想中，中国经济学的重要理论成果及其系统化，与这一时期发展起来的中国经济学知识要素及知识体系密切联系在一起。

The most prominent feature of the autonomy of the Chinese economics knowledge system is its adherence to the approach and concept of "rooted in China, drawing on foreign experience, excavating history, grasping the present, caring for humanity, and facing the future"; its most distinctive quality is the firm confidence in culture and scholarship, manifesting Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, and sublimating the unique intellectual wisdom and cultural essence of the Chinese nation.

中国经济学知识体系自主性最显著的特征，就是秉持“立足中国、借鉴国外，挖掘历史、把握当代，关怀人类、面向未来”的思路和理念；最鲜明的品质，就是坚定文化自信和学术自信，彰显中国特色、中国风格、中国气派，升华中华民族独特的思想智慧和文化精粹。

For instance, the profound exposition in the *Selected Works* on building a modernized economic system reflects General Secretary Xi Jinping's exploration of constructing an autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics. In his article "Implementing the New Development Concept and Building a Modernized Economic System," General Secretary Xi Jinping provides a profound discussion on the urgent requirements and strategic goals of building a modernized economic system, stating that "China's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, and is in a critical period of transforming the development model, optimizing the economic structure, and shifting growth drivers. Building a modernized economic system is an urgent requirement for crossing this threshold and a strategic goal for China's development." On this basis, he offers a profound exposition of the internal logic and practical requirements for building a modernized economic system, clarifying that building a modernized economic system requires deepening supply-side structural reform, accelerating the building of an innovative country, implementing the rural revitalization strategy, implementing the coordinated regional development strategy, accelerating the improvement of the socialist market economy system, and promoting the formation of a comprehensive new pattern of opening up. These important discussions and deployment requirements profoundly embody the basic trend of the leap in social productive forces, reveal the evolutionary process of economic development modes and organizational structures achieving qualitative changes amidst quantitative changes, and specify the realistic foundation, methodological path, basic characteristics, and practical requirements for building a modernized economic system. Subsequently, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee and the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC both proposed accelerating the building of a modernized economic system. The *Decision* of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee proposed achieving the "completion of a modernized economic system" by 2035, promoting the modernized economic system as an important connotation and basic theory for the construction of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

比如，《文选》对建设现代化经济体系的深刻论述，体现了习近平总书记对构建中国经济学自主知识体系的探索。习近平总书记在《贯彻新发展理念，建设现代化经济体系》中对建设现代化经济体系的迫切要求和战略目标作出深刻论述，指出“我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期，建设现代化经济体系是跨越关口的迫切要求和我国发展的战略目标”；在此基础上，对建设现代化经济体系的内在逻辑和实践要求作出深刻论述，明确建设现代化经济体系要深化供给侧结构性改革、加快建设创新型国家、实施乡村振兴战略、实施区域协调发展战略、加快完善社会主义市场经济体制、推动形成全面开放新格局。这些重要论述和部署要求，深刻体现了社会生产力跃升的基本趋势，并揭示出经济发展方式和组织结构在量的变化中实现质态变化的演进过程；指明了建设现代化经济体系的现实基础、方法路径、基本特点和实践要求。此后，党的十九届五中全会和党的二十大报告都提出加快建设现代化经济体系，党的二十届三中全会《决定》提出到2035年“建成现代化经济体系”，推动现代化经济体系成为中国经济学自主知识体系构建的重要内涵和基本理论。

Another example is the theoretical exploration of Chinese-path modernization in the *Selected Works*, which demonstrates the basic logic by which our Party promotes the construction of an autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics. In his article "On Constructing the New Development Paradigm," General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "The modernization we are advancing shares common features with the modernization of other countries, but it is more characterized by Chinese national conditions." In "The Mission and Tasks of the Communist Party of China on the New Journey of the New Era," he points out that the central task of the Communist Party of China on the new journey of the New Era is "to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, achieve the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization." In "Comprehensively Advancing the Great Cause of Building a Strong Country and National Rejuvenation through Chinese-Path Modernization," he points out: "Chinese-path modernization is the broad path to building a strong country and national rejuvenation." At the Second Plenary Session of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the *Decision* of the Plenary Session "scientifically plans the overall deployment for further comprehensively deepening reform centered on Chinese-path modernization, and is a programmatic document guiding further comprehensively deepening reform on the new journey." These important discussions clarify the rich connotations, basic characteristics, and Chinese features of Chinese-path modernization, constituting the core elements of the theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization. Through the academic and scholarly implications of its evolutionary process, internal logic, leadership and main line, process characteristics and strategic goals, fundamental advantages and institutional stipulations, they highlight the process characteristics, theoretical logic, and scholarly norms of constructing the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

又如，《文选》对中国式现代化的理论探索，展示了我们党推动构建中国经济学自主知识体系的基本逻辑。习近平总书记在《关于构建新发展格局》中指出：“我们所推进的现代化，既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于国情的中国特色”；在《新时代新征程中国共产党的使命任务》中指出，新时代新征程中国共产党的中心任务是“团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴”；在《以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业》中指出：“中国式现代化是强国建设、民族复兴的康庄大道”。在党的二十届三中全会第二次全体会议上，习近平总书记指出，全会《决定》“科学谋划了围绕中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革的总体部署，是指导新征程上进一步全面深化改革的纲领性文件”。这些重要论述，明确了中国式现代化的丰富内涵、基本特征、中国特色等，构成了中国式现代化理论体系的核心要素，并通过演进过程、内在逻辑、主导和主线、过程特征和战略目标、根本优势和制度规定等方面的学理和学术意蕴，凸显了构建中国经济学自主知识体系的过程特征、理论逻辑和学理规范。

Continuing the Chinese cultural lineage, enriching the academic foundation, exploring the rich intellectual resources and profound scholarly implications of Chinese culture, and presenting the distinctive cultural underpinnings of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

赓续中华文脉、厚植学术根基，发掘中华文化丰厚的思想资源和深湛的学术意蕴，呈现中国经济学自主知识体系鲜明的文化底色

The *Selected Works* embodies the scholarly characteristics of Xi Jinping Thought on the Economy in continuing the Chinese cultural lineage, and has important guiding significance for enriching the academic foundation of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

《文选》体现了习近平经济思想赓续中华文脉的学理特征，对厚植中国经济学自主知识体系的学术根基具有重要指导意义。

Continuing the Chinese cultural lineage importantly involves inheriting and developing the valuable theoretical and spiritual wealth left by our Party in its struggle of over a hundred years. In his article "Grasping the New Development Stage, Implementing the New Development Concept, and Constructing the New Development Paradigm," General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "Correctly understanding the historical juncture and development stage in which the cause of the Party and the people is situated is the fundamental basis for our Party to define the central tasks of the stage and formulate lines, principles, and policies, and it is also an important experience for our Party to continuously achieve victory in leading revolution, construction, and reform." Reviewing this process, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "In the practice of applying the basic principles of Marxism to solve China's practical problems, our Party gradually came to realize that developing socialism is not only a long historical process but also a process that needs to be divided into different historical stages." From the end of 1959 to the beginning of 1960, Comrade Mao Zedong proposed: "The stage of socialism itself may be divided into two stages: the first stage is underdeveloped socialism, and the second stage is relatively developed socialism. The latter stage may require a longer time than the former." In 1987, Comrade Deng Xiaoping proposed: "Socialism itself is the primary stage of communism, and China is in the primary stage of socialism, that is, the underdeveloped stage. Everything must proceed from this reality and formulate plans based on this reality." General Secretary Xi Jinping further points out: "The new development stage we are in today is a stage within the primary stage of socialism, and at the same time, it is a stage that, after decades of accumulation, has stood at a new starting point." Continuing the valuable theoretical achievements and rich spiritual wealth left by our Party in its struggle of over a hundred years constitutes an important intellectual resource for the construction of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

赓续中华文脉重要的是继承和发扬我们党百余年奋斗中留下的宝贵理论和精神财富。习近平总书记在《把握新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局》中指出：“正确认识党和人民事业所处的历史方位和发展阶段，是我们党明确阶段性中心任务、制定路线方针政策的根本依据，也是我们党领导革命、建设、改革不断取得胜利的重要经验”。回顾这一过程，习近平总书记指出：“我们党在运用马克思主义基本原理解决中国实际问题的实践中逐步认识到，发展社会主义不仅是一个长期历史过程，而且是需要划分为不同历史阶段的过程。”1959年底至1960年初，毛泽东同志提出：“社会主义这个阶段，又可能分为两个阶段，第一个阶段是不发达的社会主义，第二个阶段是比较发达的社会主义。后一阶段可能比前一阶段需要更长的时间。”1987年，邓小平同志提出：“社会主义本身是共产主义的初级阶段，而我们中国又处在社会主义的初级阶段，就是不发达的阶段。一切都要从这个实际出发，根据这个实际来制订规划。”习近平总书记进一步指出：“今天我们所处的新发展阶段，就是社会主义初级阶段中的一个阶段，同时是其中经过几十年积累、站到了新的起点上的一个阶段。”赓续我们党在百余年奋斗中留下的宝贵理论成果和丰厚精神财富，成为中国经济学自主知识体系构建的重要思想资源。

Continuing and enriching the Chinese cultural lineage requires absorbing and innovating upon the economic management thought found in fine traditional Chinese culture. In “Correctly Understanding and Grasping Major Theoretical and Practical Issues in China’s Development,” General Secretary Xi Jinping cites economic management thought from fine traditional Chinese culture. When discussing correctly understanding and grasping the strategic goals and practical pathways for achieving common prosperity, he quotes “A state’s wealth lies in enriching its people” to illustrate that the creation and distribution of wealth are major issues faced by all countries. When discussing correctly understanding and grasping the characteristics and behavioral patterns of capital, he quotes “What unites the people of the world is wealth; what governs the wealth of the world is law,” requiring exploration of how to unleash the positive role of capital under the conditions of a socialist market economy while effectively controlling its negative effects. When discussing correctly understanding and grasping the guarantee of primary product supply, he quotes “If extraction is regulated and use is frugal, there will be abundance; if extraction is unregulated and use is wasteful, there will be scarcity,” requiring the implementation of a comprehensive conservation strategy and the promotion of conservation actions across all sectors. When discussing correctly understanding and grasping the prevention and resolution of major risks, he quotes “When a calamity is just beginning, it should be nipped in the bud; when an illness is just manifesting, its root should be eradicated,” explaining the principle of seeing the signs, acting early and on small matters, and striving to avoid the occurrence of major risks or crises. [7]7 These four classical allusions are, respectively: from the *Qianfulun* (Comments of a Recluse) by Wang Fu of the Eastern Han dynasty; from the *Yuanli* (On Ritual) by Su Xun of the Northern Song dynasty; from the *Zhenguan Zhengyao* (Essentials of Government of the Zhenguan Era) by Wu Jing of the Tang dynasty; and from the *Songshi·Zhuanxu* (History of Song: Biographies) on the official Fan Ruyu of the Northern Song dynasty. These examples of economic management thought from fine traditional Chinese culture touch upon economic thought methods and concepts, as well as state governance and fiscal management thought. The examination of contemporary economic realities in combination with this economic management thought from fine traditional Chinese culture embodies the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture within Xi Jinping’s economic thought, and also reveals the knowledge characteristics and intellectual implications of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

赓续中华文脉要对中华优秀传统文化中的经济管理思想进行吸收和创新。在《正确认识和把握我国发展重大理论和实践问题》中，习近平总书记引用中华优秀传统文化中的经济管理思想，在论述正确认识和把握实现共同富裕的战略目标和实践途径时提到“国之称富者，在乎丰民”，以之说明财富的创造和分配是各国都面对的重大问题；在论述正确认识和把握资本的特性和行为规律时提到“合天下之众者财，理天下之财者法”，要求探索如何在社会主义市场经济条件下发挥资本的积极作用，同时有效控制资本的消极作用；在论述正确认识和把握初级产品供给保障时提到“取之有制、用之有节则裕，取之无制、用之不节则乏”，要求实施全面节约战略，推进各领域节约行动；在论述正确认识和把握防范化解重大风险时提到“祸几始作，当杜其萌；疾证方形，当绝其根”，解释见微知著、抓早抓小，着力避免发生重大风险或危机的道理。这些中华优秀传统文化中的经济管理思想，有的涉及经济思想方法和理念，有的论及治国理政、财政管理思想等。在同中华优秀传统文化中的经济管理思想相结合中审视当代经济现实问题，体现了习近平经济思想对中华优秀传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展，也呈现出中国经济学自主知识体系的知识特征和思想意蕴。

Continuing the Chinese cultural lineage and deepening the academic foundation is an important scholarly feature of Xi Jinping’s economic thought in the construction of an autonomous knowledge system for Chinese economics. Integrating valuable knowledge elements and important academic elements from Chinese economic thought with the practice of Chinese economic development in the New Era not only endows Chinese economics with a profound cultural foundation and new vitality for the times, but also elevates the scholarly implications of the autonomy of the Chinese economics knowledge system.

赓续中华文脉、厚植学术根基，是习近平经济思想在中国经济学自主知识体系构建中的一个重要学理特征。把中国经济思想中富有价值的知识要素和重要的学术要素同新时代中国经济学发展实践结合起来，不仅赋予中国经济学以深厚的文化根基和新的时代活力，而且升华了中国经济学知识体系自主性的学理意蕴。

Establishing an international perspective, exploring common issues facing humanity from the interaction between China and the world, and endowing the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics with a lofty academic realm through a broad global vision and profound contemporary spirit.

树立国际视野，从中国和世界的联系互动中探讨人类面临的共同课题，以宽广的世界眼光、深邃的时代精神，赋予中国经济学自主知识体系崇高的学术境界

Xi Jinping’s economic thought closely integrates with the new realities of economic development in China and the world in the 21st century, enabling Chinese economics to radiate theoretical power and intellectual wisdom that is both contemporary and open, not only on Chinese soil but also globally. General Secretary Xi Jinping adheres to a global vision, [8]8 “Global vision” (胸怀天下) is a key concept in Xi Jinping’s thought, referring to the CPC’s commitment to considering the interests of all humanity, not just China. starting from the global perspective and problem awareness of “What is wrong with the world, and what should we do about it,” profoundly explaining the motivations, vision, and implementation pathways for building a community with a shared future for mankind.

习近平经济思想紧密结合21世纪中国和世界经济发展新的实际，使中国经济学不仅在中国大地上而且在世界范围焕发出富有时代性和开放性的理论力量和思想智慧。习近平总书记坚持胸怀天下，以“世界怎么了、我们怎么办”的世界眼光和问题意识切入，深刻阐释了构建人类命运共同体的动因、愿景和实施路径。

As seen in many works from the *Selected Works*, [9]9 The *Selected Works* refers to the four-volume *Selected Works of Xi Jinping* (《习近平文选》), a collection of his major speeches, articles, and instructions. a community with a shared future for mankind is linked to a new form of human civilization and the common values of all humanity. It conforms to the trend of China’s economy deeply integrating into the world economy, advocates developing a higher-level open economy, actively participates in global economic governance, and promotes the development of the international economic order in a direction of equality, fairness, cooperation, and mutual benefit, enriching the Chinese wisdom and Chinese style of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

从《文选》中的诸多著作中可以看到，人类命运共同体与人类文明新形态、全人类共同价值相连接，顺应我国经济深度融入世界经济的趋势，倡导发展更高层次的开放型经济，积极参与全球经济治理，促进国际经济秩序朝着平等公正、合作共赢的方向发展，丰富了中国经济学自主知识体系的中国智慧和中国风格。

In 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in “Shouldering the Responsibility of Our Times and Promoting Global Development Together”: “The ocean of the world economy, whether you want it or not, is there and cannot be avoided. Attempting to artificially cut off the flows of capital, technology, products, industries, and people between countries and force the ocean of the world economy back into isolated small lakes and rivers is impossible and goes against the tide of history.” “Facing the opportunities and challenges brought by economic globalization, the correct choice is to make full use of all opportunities, cooperate to meet all challenges, and guide the direction of economic globalization.” “Guiding the direction of economic globalization” not only demonstrates the firm ideological resolve of Xi Jinping’s economic thought but also highlights the academic depth of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

2017年，习近平总书记在《共担时代责任，共促全球发展》中指出：“世界经济的大海，你要还是不要，都在那儿，是回避不了的。想人为切断各国经济的资金流、技术流、产品流、产业流、人员流，让世界经济的大海退回到一个一个孤立的小湖泊、小河流，是不可能的，也是不符合历史潮流的”“面对经济全球化带来的机遇和挑战，正确的选择是，充分利用一切机遇，合作应对一切挑战，引导好经济全球化走向”。“引导好经济全球化走向”不仅显示了习近平经济思想坚实的思想定力，也彰显了中国经济学自主知识体系的学术底蕴。

In 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in “Building an Open, Inclusive, Interconnected, and Mutually Beneficial World”: “The Belt and Road Initiative, based on the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, transcends differences in civilizations, cultures, social systems, and stages of development. It has opened new paths for exchanges between countries, built a new framework for international cooperation, and gathered the greatest common denominator for the common development of humanity.” “The decade-long journey has proven that the Belt and Road Initiative stands on the right side of history, conforms to the logic of the times, and follows the right path of humanity. We must maintain the composure to navigate through turbulent times, and with a sense of responsibility towards history, the people, and the world, work together to address various global risks and challenges, creating a future of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit for future generations.” The practical summary and rational reflection on the Belt and Road Initiative not only constitute an important connotation of Xi Jinping’s economic thought but also achieve the global perspective and world vision of constructing the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

2023年，习近平总书记在《建设开放包容、互联互通、共同发展的世界》中指出：“共建‘一带一路’坚持共商共建共享，跨越不同文明、文化、社会制度、发展阶段差异，开辟了各国交往的新路径，搭建起国际合作的新框架，汇集着人类共同发展的最大公约数”“十年的历程证明，共建‘一带一路’站在了历史正确一边，符合时代进步的逻辑，走的是人间正道。我们要有乱云飞渡仍从容的定力，本着对历史、对人民、对世界负责的态度，携手应对各种全球性风险和挑战，为子孙后代创造和平、发展、合作、共赢的美好未来”。对共建“一带一路”倡议所作的实践总结和理性思考，不仅构成习近平经济思想的重要内涵，而且成就了中国经济学自主知识体系构建的全球眼界和世界视域。

In 2024, at the opening ceremony of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Achieving modernization is an inalienable right of all countries. The Western modernization process once brought profound suffering to vast developing countries.” “China and Africa pursuing the dream of modernization together will surely ignite a wave of modernization in the Global South and write a new chapter in building a community with a shared future for mankind.” He proposed jointly advancing modernization that is just and equitable, open and win-win, people-centered, diverse and inclusive, eco-friendly, and peaceful and secure. These important statements clarify that countries undertaking modernization must follow the general laws of modernization but, more importantly, conform to their own national realities. They highlight that mutually beneficial cooperation is the bright path consistent with the long-term and fundamental interests of all countries, emphasize that putting the people first is the value orientation of modernization, demonstrate that the coordinated development of material and cultural-ethical progress is the lofty pursuit of modernization, present that green development is the distinctive marker of modernization, and underscore that a peaceful and stable development environment is an important requirement for achieving modernization. “Global South modernization” represents General Secretary Xi Jinping’s integrated exploration of the principles, theories, and philosophies of a new form of human civilization, expanding the vision and realm of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

2024年，习近平总书记在中非合作论坛北京峰会开幕式上强调：“实现现代化是世界各国不可剥夺的权利。西方现代化进程曾给广大发展中国家带来了深重苦难”“中非共逐现代化之梦，必将掀起全球南方现代化热潮，谱写构建人类命运共同体的崭新篇章”，并提出要携手推进公正合理的现代化、携手推进开放共赢的现代化、携手推进人民至上的现代化、携手推进多元包容的现代化、携手推进生态友好的现代化、携手推进和平安全的现代化。这些重要论述，明确了各国进行现代化建设既要遵循现代化一般规律更要符合本国实际，凸显互利合作是符合各国长远和根本利益的阳光大道，强调人民至上是现代化的价值取向，彰显物质文明和精神文明协调发展是现代化的崇高追求，呈现绿色发展是现代化的鲜明标识，突出和平稳定的发展环境是实现现代化的重要要求。“全球南方现代化”是习近平总书记对人类文明新形态道理、学理和哲理作出的集成性探索，拓展了中国经济学自主知识体系的视野和境界。

The exploration of the internal logic of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics reflects an innovative exploration of the integration of two types of economic knowledge systems.

对中国经济学自主知识体系内在逻辑的探索，体现了对经济学知识体系两种类型集成的创新性探索

In “Continuously Opening Up New Horizons for Marxist Political Economy in Contemporary China,” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Studying Marxist political economy is to better guide China’s economic development practice. We must not only adhere to its basic principles and methodology but, more importantly, integrate it with China’s economic development reality to continuously form new theoretical achievements.” In “Deepening Understanding of Major Issues in Medium- to Long-Term Economic and Social Development,” he pointed out: “Adhere to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, see through phenomena to grasp the essence, explore long-term trends from short-term fluctuations, and ensure that theoretical and policy innovations fully reflect advanced nature and scientificity.”

习近平总书记在《不断开拓当代中国马克思主义政治经济学新境界》中指出：“学习马克思主义政治经济学，是为了更好指导我国经济发展实践，既要坚持其基本原理和方法论，更要同我国经济发展实际相结合，不断形成新的理论成果”；在《深化对中长期经济社会发展重大问题的认识》中指出：“坚持马克思主义立场、观点、方法，透过现象看本质，从短期波动中探究长期趋势，使理论和政策创新充分体现先进性和科学性”。

Elevating the great achievements of economic development practice into new theoretical achievements through the process of rational thought is a fundamental requirement for the development of Chinese economics. “Ensuring that theoretical and policy innovations fully reflect advanced nature and scientificity” raises an important issue for constructing the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics. Knowledge itself does not naturally present academic or scholarly systematicity. The convergence of knowledge into a knowledge system is formed by enhancing problem awareness and driven by adhering to a problem-oriented approach. According to the problem-oriented approach, two basic types emerge in the process of knowledge transforming into a knowledge system: one is academic or scholarly, and the other is applied or practical.

把经济发展实践的伟大成就在理性思维过程中不断升华为新的理论成果，是中国经济学发展的根本要求。“使理论和政策创新充分体现先进性和科学性”，提出了构建中国经济学自主知识体系的重要课题。知识本身并不天然呈现出学术或学理上的体系性。知识向知识体系的汇聚，是在增强问题意识中形成、由坚持问题导向驱动的。按照问题导向，知识向知识体系转化过程中形成两种基本类型：一种是学术性或学理性的，另一种是应用性或实践性的。

Xi Jinping’s economic thought innovates the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics by adhering to a problem-oriented approach, which is a process of discovering problems, screening problems, studying problems, and solving problems. Among these, some are oriented toward a theoretical or academic knowledge system, while others are targeted at an applied or practical knowledge system. Constructing the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics requires not only the systematization of theoretical guidance but also the systematization of policy application, while simultaneously integrating these two types of knowledge systems.

习近平经济思想对中国经济学自主知识体系的创新，坚持问题导向，是一个发现问题、筛选问题、研究问题、解决问题的过程。其中，有的是面向学理化或学术化的知识体系，有的是针对应用性或实践性的知识体系。构建中国经济学自主知识体系，既要实现理论指导上的系统化，也要达成政策应用上的系统化，同时对这两种类型的知识体系进行系统集成。

Xi Jinping’s economic thought is the systematic integration of these two types of knowledge systems, achieving synergy between theoretical guidance and policy application. In the process of systematically integrating these two types of knowledge systems, General Secretary Xi Jinping demands “in-depth investigation, ascertaining the real situation, and producing practical measures, fully reflecting the actual circumstances, so that theoretical and policy innovations are well-founded and reasonable.” This requires that the construction of the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics be formed and developed through “in-depth investigation, ascertaining the real situation, and producing practical measures,” while also “fully reflecting the actual circumstances,” ultimately realizing theoretical and policy innovations that are well-founded in academic or theoretical terms and reasonable in applied or practical terms.

习近平经济思想是这两种类型的知识体系的系统集成，实现了理论指导和政策应用的协同。在对这两种类型的知识体系进行系统集成的过程中，习近平总书记要求“深入调研，察实情、出实招，充分反映实际情况，使理论和政策创新有根有据、合情合理”。这要求中国经济学自主知识体系的构建既要在“深入调研，察实情、出实招”中形成和发展，也要“充分反映实际情况”，最终实现理论创新和政策创新，在学术性或学理性上有根有据，在应用性或实践性上合情合理。

For example, in “Advancing the Great Cause of Building a Strong Country and National Rejuvenation through Chinese-Path Modernization,” General Secretary Xi Jinping not only clarifies theoretically the unique worldview, values, historical perspective, view of civilization, view of democracy, and view of ecology inherent in Chinese-path modernization, along with its great practice, as a major innovation in world modernization theory and practice; but also specifies practically that advancing Chinese-path modernization requires comprehensive consideration, systematic planning, and holistic promotion, correctly handling the relationships between top-level design and practical exploration, strategy and tactics, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, and self-reliance and opening up to the outside world, thereby achieving the systematic integration of the two types of knowledge systems.

比如，习近平总书记在《以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业》中，既从学理性上明确了中国式现代化中蕴含的独特世界观、价值观、历史观、文明观、民主观、生态观等及其伟大实践，是对世界现代化理论和实践的重大创新；又从实践性上明确了推进中国式现代化需要统筹兼顾、系统谋划、整体推进，正确处理好顶层设计与实践探索、战略与策略、守正与创新、效率与公平、活力与秩序、自立自强与对外开放的关系，从而实现了对两种类型知识体系的系统集成。

Currently, we are facing extremely complex domestic and international economic situations and a wide variety of economic phenomena. General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward the important requirement that “studying the basic principles and methodology of Marxist political economy helps us master scientific economic analysis methods, understand the process of economic movement, grasp the laws of social and economic development, improve our ability to manage the socialist market economy, and better answer the theoretical and practical questions of China’s economic development.” This provides the scientific method and fundamental guidance for promoting the systematic integration of the two types of knowledge systems in constructing the autonomous knowledge system of Chinese economics.

当前，我们正面对着极其复杂的国内外经济形势和纷繁多样的经济现象。习近平总书记提出“学习马克思主义政治经济学基本原理和方法论，有利于我们掌握科学的经济分析方法，认识经济运动过程，把握社会经济发展规律，提高驾驭社会主义市场经济能力，更好回答我国经济发展的理论和实践问题”的重要要求，为我们在构建中国经济学自主知识体系中推动两种类型知识体系的系统集成提供了科学方法和根本遵循。

(The author is the Chair of the Academic Committee of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era at the Ministry of Education)

（作者为教育部习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心学术委员会主任委员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心