The Theoretical Contributions and Practical Value of the Global Governance Concept of Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, and Shared Benefits

In October 2015, when presiding over the 27th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly proposed "promoting the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits." The report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC stated that "China upholds the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits," thereby establishing the theoretical status of this global governance concept in the form of Party documents. The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC called for "practicing the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits." The Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs held at the end of 2023 established "promoting extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits in global governance" as the path for realizing a community with a shared future for mankind. The global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, one of the key signature concepts of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, a major achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the field of international relations, of historic significance in the history of the development of global governance theory, and provides a completely new path for solving the fundamental and urgent problems facing human society today.

2015年10月，习近平总书记在主持十八届中共中央政治局第二十七次集体学习时，明确提出“弘扬共商共建共享的全球治理理念”。党的十九大报告提出“中国秉持共商共建共享的全球治理观”，以党的文献形式确立了共商共建共享的全球治理观的理论地位。党的二十大报告提出“践行共商共建共享的全球治理观”。2023年底召开的中央外事工作会议将“推动共商共建共享的全球治理”确立为构建人类命运共同体的实现路径。共商共建共享的全球治理观是习近平外交思想的重要组成部分，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要标识性概念之一，是马克思主义中国化时代化在国际关系领域的重大成果，在全球治理理论发展史上具有历史性意义，为破解当今人类社会面临的根本性和紧迫性问题提供了全新路径。

From a historical logic perspective, the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits profoundly responds to the epochal demands of the development of human society.

从历史逻辑看，共商共建共享的全球治理观深刻回应了人类社会发展的时代要求

Looking back, global governance is an inevitable product of human society reaching a certain stage of development. Over the past several centuries, global governance has grown from nothing, from small to large, playing an increasingly important role in maintaining peace and promoting development. Marxism holds that the more the primitive closed state of various nationalities is eliminated due to increasingly perfected modes of production, intercourse, and the division of labor naturally formed among different nationalities through intercourse, the more history becomes world history. The formation of world history is the basic condition for global governance. The Peace of Westphalia, established in the mid-17th century, set up a regional order in Europe with limited subjects and scope, establishing norms of international relations such as sovereign equality, and laying the foundation of order for subsequent global governance. However, constrained by factors such as the level of productive forces, the degree of industrialization, and modes of transportation and communication, this order did not yet possess a truly global character. The first truly global attempt at global governance in the process of world history began with the League of Nations, established after World War I. After World War II, a global governance system centered on the United Nations, involving the vast majority of countries worldwide and a wide range of fields, was established, and the practice of global governance entered a stage of major development. In 1990, the International Commission on Global Governance proposed the concept of "global governance," which was soon recognized internationally. After the end of the Cold War, with the deepening of economic globalization and the continuous emergence of global challenges, global governance received increasing attention from countries around the world. The subjects participating in global governance continuously increased, and the connotation and extension of global governance continuously expanded, becoming an important component of the theory and practice of international relations.

追溯过往，全球治理是人类社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物。几百年来，全球治理从无到有、从小到大，在维护和平、促进发展方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。马克思主义认为，各民族的原始封闭状态由于日益完善的生产方式、交往以及因交往而自然形成的不同民族之间的分工消灭得越是彻底，历史也就越是成为世界历史。世界历史的形成是全球治理的基础条件。17世纪中叶建立的威斯特伐利亚体系，在欧洲搭建了一个主体和范围有限的地区秩序，确立了主权平等等国际关系准则，为此后的全球治理奠定了秩序基础。但是，受生产力水平、工业化程度、交通运输方式等因素制约，这种秩序尚不具有真正意义上的全球属性。世界历史进程中真正意义上的全球治理尝试始于一战后成立的国际联盟。二战后，以联合国为主体的、涉及世界绝大多数国家和广泛领域的全球治理体系得以建立，全球治理实践进入大发展阶段。1990年，国际发展委员会提出“全球治理”概念并很快得到国际认可。冷战结束后，随着经济全球化进程的深入发展和全球性挑战的不断涌现，全球治理受到世界各国越来越多的重视，参与全球治理的主体不断增加，全球治理的内涵和外延不断扩大，成为国际关系理论与实践的重要组成部分。

Focusing on reality, the transformation of the global governance system is an epochal issue that must be addressed in today's world. In today's world, the deepening of economic globalization has bound the interests and destinies of countries around the world more closely together, forming a community of interests in which each has a stake in the other.

聚焦现实，全球治理体系变革是当今世界必须解答的时代课题。当今世界，经济全球化深入发展，把世界各国利益和命运更加紧密地联系在一起，形成了你中有我、我中有你的利益共同体。习近平主席指出：“面对风险和挑战，任何国家都不可能独善其身，坚持团结合作、开放包容才是人间正道。”很多问题不再局限于一国内部，很多挑战也不再是一国之力所能应对，全球性挑战需要各国通力合作应对。与此同时，国际力量对比发生深刻变化，特别是新兴市场国家和发展中国家快速发展，其参与全球治理的意愿不断增强、推动全球治理向着更加公正合理的方向发展的能力不断上升，但发达国家不愿意向发展中国家让渡更多权力。尤其是世界百年变局加速演进，国际局势动荡加剧、乱象频出，个别国家无视国际规则，大搞唯我独尊，造成了全球治理机制的失灵，治理赤字越来越明显。

Looking to the future, improving global governance requires the guidance of new concepts. The era is the mother of thought. The proposal of the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits reflects General Secretary Xi Jinping’s keen insight into the times and profound historical consciousness as a leader of a major country. Global governance differs from government governance or social governance in the general sense; it relies on a shared recognition of common values, where various actors negotiate to form certain rules and establish corresponding institutions to adjust mutual relations and rights and obligations. Therefore, the foundation and key to improving global governance lie in resolving conceptual issues. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The reform of the global governance system cannot be separated from the guidance of concepts.” With the growth of national strength and the elevation of international status, China is increasingly moving toward the center of the world stage, and the relationship between China and the world is undergoing positive and profound changes. China’s foreign policy propositions, especially the major conceptual initiatives put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping, are increasingly welcomed and supported

着眼未来，完善全球治理需要崭新的理念指引。时代是思想之母。提出共商共建共享的全球治理观，体现出习近平总书记作为大国领袖的敏锐时代洞见和深沉历史自觉。全球治理不同于一般意义上的政府治理或社会治理，其依靠的是在共同的价值理念认同之上，由各个行为主体通过协商形成一定规则、建立相应制度，来调整相互关系和权利义务。因此，完善全球治理的基础和关键是解决理念问题。正如习近平总书记指出的：“全球治理体制变革离不开理念的引领”。随着国力的增长和国际地位的提高，中国日益走近世界舞台中央，中国与世界的关系正在发生积极深远的变化。中国的外交政策主张尤其是习近平总书记提出的重大理念倡议，越来越得到国际社会的欢迎和支持；中国在应对各种全球性挑战、解决热点难点问题上发挥的积极作用，越来越受到世界各国的期待和赞许。特别是近年来，单边主义、保护主义横行，霸权主义、强权政治回潮，世界渴望稳定性和方向感，越来越多的国家真诚希望中国展现领导力、提供确定性，热切期待中国在全球治理中发挥更大作用。

From the perspective of theoretical logic, the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits has achieved integrated innovation in ontology, epistemology, and methodology.

从理论逻辑看，共商共建共享的全球治理观实现了本体论、认识论和方法论的集成性创新

The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits holds that global affairs should be discussed by all parties together, the governance system should be built by all parties together, and the fruits of governance should be shared by all parties together, so that all countries become participants, contributors, and beneficiaries of world peace and development. This global governance vision profoundly answers the questions of "who governs," "for whom governance is carried out," and "how to govern," achieving integrated innovation at the levels of ontology, epistemology, and methodology. It is an important original achievement in the Sinicization of global governance theory and the internationalization of China's governance experience.

共商共建共享的全球治理观，就是主张全球事务要由大家一起商量，治理体系要由大家一起建设，治理成果要由大家一起分享，让各国成为世界和平与发展的参与者、贡献者、受益者。这一全球治理观深刻回答了“由谁治理”“为谁治理”和“怎样治理”的问题，在本体论、认识论、方法论层面实现了集成性创新，是全球治理理论中国化和中国治理经验国际化的重要原创性成果。

Expansion of subjects. President Xi Jinping pointed out: "Advocating the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, and practicing true multilateralism, means insisting that international rules be jointly written and jointly upheld by all countries. World affairs should be discussed and handled by all countries; it is not allowed that whoever has the 'bigger fist' gets to call the shots." [1]1 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership. Special emphasis is placed on the strength of Global South countries. When visiting the New Development Bank of the BRICS countries, President Xi Jinping pointed out: "The collective rise of the Global South has become an important force for maintaining world peace, promoting common development, and improving global governance." [2]2 The Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, and Global Civilization Initiative were proposed by Xi Jinping in 2021, 2022, and 2023 respectively, as frameworks for international cooperation. The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits replaces narrow nationalist thinking with the thinking of sovereign equality, advocates for the diversification of governance subjects, and maintains that participation in global governance should not be the privilege or prerogative of major powers. Instead, it seeks to maximize the openness and inclusiveness of cooperation mechanisms, concepts, and policies, ensuring that all countries have the right to equal participation in global governance. It is necessary to uphold and practice true multilateralism, the essence of which is that international affairs are discussed and handled by all parties together, the future and destiny of the world are in the hands of all countries, and global problems are solved through open cooperation, jointly maintaining world peace and stability and promoting prosperity and development. The Global South should take the lead in the process of improving the global governance system, jointly acting as the backbone of open development, the constructive force of global governance, and the stabilizing force for maintaining peace, pushing the international order to develop in a more just and reasonable direction.

主体拓展。习近平主席指出：“倡导共商共建共享的全球治理观，践行真正的多边主义，就是要坚持国际规则由各国共同书写、共同维护。世界上的事要由各国商量着办，不能允许谁的‘胳膊粗’就听谁的。”特别强调全球南方国家的力量。在访问金砖国家新开发银行时，习近平主席指出：“全球南方群体性崛起，成为维护世界和平、促进共同发展、完善全球治理的重要力量。”共商共建共享的全球治理观用主权平等的思维取代狭隘民族主义的思维，倡导治理主体的多元化，主张参与全球治理不应该是大国的特权和专利，而是要最大程度增强合作机制、理念、政策的开放性和包容性，确保各国都有平等参与全球治理的权利。要维护并践行真正的多边主义，其要义是国际上的事由大家共同商量着办，世界前途命运由各国共同掌握，通过开放合作来解决全球性问题，共同维护世界和平稳定，促进繁荣发展。全球南方要在完善全球治理体系的进程中走在前列，共同做开放发展的中坚力量、全球治理的建设力量、维护和平的稳定力量，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理方向发展。

Elevation of realm. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Promote the democratization and rule-of-law orientation of global governance rules, and strive to make the global governance system more balanced in reflecting the will and interests of the majority of countries.” In April 2025, during talks with Kenyan President William Ruto, President Xi Jinping stressed: “China does not make trouble and is not afraid of trouble. It is willing to work with all countries to meet various challenges through solidarity and cooperation, safeguard its own legitimate rights and interests, uphold international trade rules, and uphold international fairness and justice.” The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits advocates promoting equal rights, equal opportunities, and equal rules for all countries in global governance, and that the fruits of development should no longer be monopolized by a few countries; the people of all countries have the right to a happy life. It advocates sovereign equality rather than the strong bullying the weak, fairness and justice rather than putting one’s own country first, and solidarity and cooperation rather than division and confrontation. It emphasizes that international rules should be jointly observed by all countries and effectively implemented; exceptionalism and double standards must not be allowed; the so-called “rules” formulated by small cliques must not be used to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of other countries; multilateral institutions must not be allowed to become dysfunctional and ineffective due to the inability of member states to cooperate; the authority of international rule of law must be strengthened; major countries in particular should take the lead in upholding good faith and the rule of law, and should not engage in bullying, market manipulation, or outright plunder.

境界升华。习近平总书记强调：“推进全球治理规则民主化、法治化，努力使全球治理体制更加平衡地反映大多数国家意愿和利益。”2025年4月，在同肯尼亚总统鲁托会谈时，习近平主席强调：“中国不惹事也不怕事，愿同世界各国一道，通过团结合作应对各种挑战，维护自身正当权益，维护国际贸易规则，维护国际公平正义。”共商共建共享的全球治理观倡导推动各国在全球治理中权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，发展成果也不应再由少数国家独占，各国人民都有过上幸福生活的权利。主张主权平等而不是恃强凌弱，公平正义而不是本国优先，团结合作而不是分裂对抗。强调国际规则应该由各国共同遵守，确保有效实施，不能搞例外主义和双重标准，不能以小圈子制定的所谓“规则”侵害他国正当权益，不能坐视多边机构因会员国无法合作而失能失效，要加强国际法治的权威，大国尤其要带头讲诚信、讲法治，不应欺行霸市、巧取豪夺。

Restructuring of thinking. The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits constitutes a revolution in the mode of thinking about global governance. First, it fundamentally resolves the issue of the unity of rights and responsibilities through dialectical thinking. In April 2025, during a meeting with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, President Xi Jinping pointed out: “China and Europe should fulfill their international responsibilities, jointly uphold the trend of economic globalization and the international trade environment, jointly resist unilateral and hegemonic acts, not only safeguard their own legitimate rights and interests, but also uphold international fairness and justice, and uphold international rules and order.” This reflects the close integration of the establishers of governance rules, the participants in governance actions, and the beneficiaries of governance outcomes. Second, it views global governance through systemic thinking, adapting to the changed world pattern. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC stated: “China actively participates in the reform and construction of the global governance system, practices the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, adheres to true multilateralism, promotes the democratization of international relations, and pushes global governance towards a more just and reasonable direction.” The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits systematically and profoundly answers the epochal question of “what concept should guide the strengthening of global governance,” providing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for the reform and improvement of the global governance system. Third, it adopts a problem-oriented approach, focusing on the most prominent contemporary issues of development, security, and civilization, and provides international public goods represented by the “Three Global Initiatives.” [2]2 The Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, and Global Civilization Initiative were proposed by Xi Jinping in 2021, 2022, and 2023 respectively, as frameworks for international cooperation. It emphasizes that in responding to urgent issues such as regional conflicts, natural disasters, and major epidemics, multilateral institutions should react quickly, demonstrating humanitarianism and operational capacity; in addressing long-term challenges such as emerging technologies, climate change, and biodiversity loss, multilateral institutions should prepare for the future, demonstrating foresight and guiding capacity.

思维重构。共商共建共享的全球治理观是一种关于全球治理的思维模式革命。一是以辩证思维根本性解决权责统一的问题。2025年4月，在会见西班牙首相桑切斯时，习近平主席指出：“中欧应该履行国际责任，共同维护经济全球化潮流和国际贸易环境，共同抵制单边霸凌行径，不仅维护自身正当权益，也维护国际公平正义，维护国际规则和秩序。”这体现着将治理规则的设立者、治理行动的参与者、治理成果的享有者紧密联系起来。二是以系统思维看待全球治理，适应变化了的世界格局。党的二十大报告提出：“中国积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，践行共商共建共享的全球治理观，坚持真正的多边主义，推进国际关系民主化，推动全球治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。”共商共建共享的全球治理观系统深刻回答了“以什么样的理念加强全球治理”的时代命题，为全球治理体系变革完善提供了中国智慧和中国方案。三是以问题导向聚焦当今世界最为突出的发展、安全、文明的议题，提供以“三大全球倡议”为代表的国际公共产品。强调在应对地区冲突、自然灾害、重大疫情等紧迫性问题时，多边机构要快速反应，展现人道主义和行动力；在应对新兴技术、气候变化、生物多样性减少等长期性挑战时，多边机构要未雨绸缪，展现前瞻眼光和引导力。

From the perspective of value logic, the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits is a landmark achievement of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the field of international relations, and holds historic significance in the history of the development of global governance theory.

从价值逻辑看，共商共建共享的全球治理观是马克思主义中国化时代化在国际关系领域的标识性成果，在全球治理理论发展史上具有历史性意义

The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy and a key signature concept of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This concept is rooted in theoretical heights, oriented towards the people of all countries, and demonstrates immense penetrating power, appeal, and inspirational force, realizing a “revolution in terminology.”

共商共建共享的全球治理观是习近平外交思想的重要组成部分，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要标识性概念，这一概念立足理论高峰、面向各国人民，显示出巨大的穿透力、吸引力、感召力，实现了“术语的革命”。

Providing a path for realizing a community with a shared future for mankind. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is a systematic, scientific, and logically rigorous system of thought and theory, rich in content and profound in scope. Building a community with a shared future for mankind is the core concept of this system. The Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs held at the end of 2023 clarified the “four beams and eight pillars” [3]3 The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement is a free trade agreement among Asia-Pacific nations, signed in 2020 and entering force in 2022. of building a community with a shared future for mankind, including the goal, realization path, general principles, basic support, strategic guidance, and practical platform, establishing a scientific system for its construction. In terms of logical relations, building a community with a shared future for mankind focuses on the core concept and philosophical pursuit, addressing the issues of the overall goal and general direction; the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits focuses on the ideas and methods in specific areas, addressing the issues of practical plans and implementation measures. The relationship between the two is that of goal and path. In terms of the core of the concept, the essence of both the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits and building a community with a shared future for mankind is “shared,” which is consistent with the fundamental principles of Marxism and is a vivid manifestation of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

为构建人类命运共同体提供实现路径。习近平外交思想是一个系统科学、逻辑严密的思想理论体系，内涵丰富、博大精深。构建人类命运共同体是这一体系的核心理念。2023年底召开的中央外事工作会议明确了构建人类命运共同体的努力目标、实现路径、普遍遵循、基本支撑、战略引领、实践平台等“四梁八柱”，确立了构建人类命运共同体的科学体系。从逻辑关系上讲，构建人类命运共同体着眼核心理念和哲学追求问题，解决总目标和大方向问题；共商共建共享的全球治理观着眼具体领域的思路和方法，解决实践方案和实施举措问题，两者是目标和路径的关系。从理念内核上讲，共商共建共享的全球治理观与构建人类命运共同体的精髓要义都是“共同”，与马克思主义基本原理一脉相承，是马克思主义中国化时代化的生动体现。

Making significant contributions to the enrichment and development of global governance theory. President Xi Jinping pointed out: “The current international order is not perfect, but it does not need to be completely overturned, nor does it require starting from scratch. Rather, it should be reformed and improved on the basis of careful maintenance.” Promoting the reform of the global governance system with the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, whether in theory or practice, does not mean overturning the existing system or starting from scratch. Instead, it insists on seeking common ground while reserving differences, adhering to multilateralism, keeping pace with the times, and enriching and improving the system. The concept of global governance originated and flourished in Europe and America; theoretically, it is derived from Western traditional international relations theory, and its ideological roots are closely linked to “Western-centrism” and the “theory of superior and inferior civilizations” and the “theory of superior and inferior races,” possessing inherent defects and historical limitations. The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits abandons the old concepts of zero-sum game and winner-takes-all, emphasizes mutual respect, equal consultation, joint participation, joint construction, and joint sharing among countries in international affairs, promotes building a community with a shared future for mankind, and provides a completely new value orientation for global governance. This vision covers multiple fields such as economy, politics, security, culture, and ecology, forming a systematic, complete, and logically rigorous theoretical system, enriching the connotation of global governance theory.

为全球治理理论的丰富发展作出重大贡献。习近平主席指出：“现行国际秩序并不完美，但不必推倒重来，也不需另起炉灶，而是应在悉心维护的基础上改革完善。”以共商共建共享的全球治理观推动全球治理体系改革无论从理论上还是实践上，都不是推倒重来，也不是另起炉灶，而是坚持求同存异，坚持多边主义，与时俱进，丰富完善。全球治理的概念产生和兴盛于欧美，理论上脱胎于西方传统国际关系理论，思想根源上与“西方中心主义”以及“文明优劣论”“种族优劣论”密切相连，具有先天缺陷和历史局限性。共商共建共享的全球治理观摒弃了零和博弈、赢者通吃的旧理念，强调各国在国际事务中相互尊重、平等协商，共同参与、共同建设、共同分享，推动构建人类命运共同体，为全球治理提供了全新的价值导向。共商共建共享的全球治理观涵盖了经济、政治、安全、文化、生态等多个领域，形成了一个系统完整、逻辑严密的理论体系，丰富了全球治理理论的内涵。

An important achievement in the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Second Integration is another ideological emancipation, allowing us to fully utilize the precious resources of fine traditional Chinese culture in a broader cultural space to explore theoretical and institutional innovations for the future.” Chinese civilization is the only great civilization in the world that has continued uninterrupted and developed in the form of a state to this day. The ideological concepts, humanistic spirit, moral norms, and philosophy of life contained in fine traditional Chinese culture are not only the core of Chinese thought and spirit but also nurture the wisdom for handling contemporary international relations. The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits is a creative transformation and innovative development of values such as “harmony among all nations,” “harmony in diversity,” “the world is for all,” “unity of knowledge and action,” and “the people are the foundation.” It is concise in expression yet profound in meaning, reflecting deep historical and cultural accumulation.

中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展的重要成果。习近平总书记指出：“‘第二个结合’是又一次的思想解放，让我们能够在更广阔的文化空间中，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新。”中华文明是世界上唯一绵延不断且以国家形态发展至今的伟大文明。中华优秀传统文化蕴含的思想观念、人文精神、道德规范、处世哲学，不仅是中国人思想和精神的内核，也孕育着处理当代国际关系的智慧。共商共建共享的全球治理观是对“协和万邦”“和而不同”“天下为公”“知行合一”“民为贵”等价值理念的创造性转化、创新性发展，言简意赅，意蕴深远，体现了深厚历史文化积淀。

Manifesting the fine traditions and distinctive features of New China’s diplomacy. As early as the 1950s, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that China should make greater contributions to humanity. “Maintaining a global vision” is one of the historical experiences of the CPC over the past century. Under the leadership of the CPC, New China has put forward important diplomatic concepts such as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, continuously contributing wisdom to the construction of a just and reasonable international order. The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits inherits and develops the fine diplomatic traditions of China, such as peaceful coexistence and seeking common ground while reserving differences. Through further refinement and elevation, it has become the ideological banner guiding China’s participation in and leadership of the reform of the global governance system, demonstrating the great-power style of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, the global sentiment of achieving one’s own success while helping others succeed, and the broad-mindedness of openness and inclusiveness.

彰显新中国外交优良传统和鲜明特色。早在20世纪50年代，毛泽东同志就指出，中国应当对于人类有较大的贡献。“坚持胸怀天下”是中国共产党百年奋斗的历史经验之一。在中国共产党领导下，新中国提出和平共处五项原则等重要外交理念，不断为构建公正合理的国际秩序贡献智慧。共商共建共享的全球治理观是对和平共处、求同存异等中国外交优良传统的继承和发扬，并通过进一步提炼和升华，成为中国参与和引领全球治理体系改革的思想旗帜，展现出守正创新的大国气派、立己达人的世界情怀和开放包容的宽广胸襟。

From the perspective of practical logic, the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits contributes key strength to the transformation of global governance.

从实践逻辑看，共商共建共享的全球治理观为全球治理变革贡献关键性力量

The global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits is not only a theoretical innovation but also a program for action, continuously demonstrating immense practical power in strengthening international organizations and improving the level of global governance in various fields.

共商共建共享的全球治理观既是理论创新，更是行动纲领，在加强国际组织建设、提升各领域全球治理水平等方面不断展现出磅礴的实践伟力。

Steadfastly leading the direction of global governance development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping, with a broad global vision, profound strategic thinking, and a magnanimous leader’s mindset, has deeply grasped the laws of historical development and the future of humanity. He has delivered important speeches on multiple occasions at multilateral mechanisms such as the United Nations, the Group of Twenty, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the BRICS, putting forward a series of new concepts, new initiatives, and new propositions that are rich in Chinese characteristics, meet international expectations, and conform to the general trend of history, providing important strategic guidance for the reform of the global governance system. He emphasizes upholding true multilateralism and promoting the development of the global governance system in a more just and reasonable direction; advocates for an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive globalization, firmly defending international fairness and justice; proposes the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, offering comprehensive and systematic, highly operable solutions from the three dimensions of development, security, and civilization for humanity to unite in addressing common challenges; and from the five aspects of economy, finance, trade, digital, and ecology, profoundly elaborates on the concepts and propositions for improving global governance, calling for the building of a cooperative, stable, open, innovative, and eco-friendly world economy.

坚定引领全球治理发展方向。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记以宽广全球视野、深邃战略思维、博大领袖襟怀，深刻把握历史发展规律和人类前途命运，多次在联合国、二十国集团、亚太经合组织、金砖国家等多边机制会议上发表重要讲话，提出一系列富有中国特色、符合国际期待、顺应历史大势的新理念新倡议新主张，为全球治理体系改革提供了重要战略引领。强调坚持真正的多边主义，推动全球治理体系向着更加公正合理的方向发展；倡导平等有序的多极化和普惠包容的全球化，坚定捍卫国际公平正义；提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议和全球文明倡议，从发展、安全、文明三个维度，为人类社会团结应对共同挑战贡献全面系统、操作性强的解决方案；从经济、金融、贸易、数字、生态等五个方面，深刻阐述完善全球治理的理念主张，呼吁建设合作型、稳定型、开放型、创新型、生态友好型世界经济。

Continuously promoting the construction of global governance mechanisms. Under the guidance of head-of-state diplomacy, China supports and promotes the continuous reform and improvement of the United Nations, enabling the UN, including the Security Council, to better fulfill its duties and responsibilities, more effectively consolidate global consensus, mobilize global resources, and coordinate global actions. It supports the active role of specialized international organizations with universal representation, such as the World Health Organization and the World Trade Organization, actively participates in international dialogue and cooperation mechanisms like the G20 and APEC, and strengthens dialogue and cooperation with regional organizations such as ASEAN, the African Union, the League of Arab States, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, and the European Union. It promotes the historic expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the BRICS mechanism, advocates for the establishment of platforms such as the China–Central Asia Summit and the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation mechanism, hosts the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, and promotes the establishment of new multilateral financing institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the BRICS New Development Bank.

持续推动全球治理机制建设。在元首外交的引领下，中国支持和推动联合国不断改革完善，推动联合国包括安理会更好履职尽责，更有效凝聚全球共识，动员全球资源，协调全球行动。支持世界卫生组织、世界贸易组织等有普遍代表性的专业性国际组织发挥积极作用，积极参与二十国集团、亚太经合组织等国际对话与合作机制，加强与东盟、非盟、阿盟、拉共体、欧盟等区域组织的对话合作。推动上海合作组织、金砖国家机制实现历史性扩员，倡导建立中国—中亚峰会、澜沧江—湄公河合作机制等平台，举办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，推动成立亚洲基础设施投资银行、金砖国家新开发银行等新型多边融资机构。

Comprehensively participating in international cooperation on global governance. China has joined almost all universal intergovernmental international organizations and over 600 international conventions and amendments; it is the second-largest contributor to the UN regular budget and peacekeeping assessments, and the largest troop-contributing country among the permanent members of the UN Security Council. Under the personal promotion of General Secretary Xi Jinping, China successfully facilitated the reconciliation and restoration of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran; adheres to the general direction of promoting peace and facilitating talks, playing a constructive role in advancing the political settlement of regional hotspot issues such as the Ukraine crisis, the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue, and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict; and so on. It continuously raises the level of opening up to the outside world, expands a globally oriented high-standard free trade area network, implements the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with high quality, and promotes the building of an open world economy. It promotes the conclusion of the Paris Agreement on climate change, gathers more consensus around the Global AI Governance Initiative, jointly launches the Open Science International Cooperation Initiative with Global South countries, and promotes the improvement of governance rules for new frontiers such as the deep sea, polar regions, outer space, and the internet, contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to relevant multilateral agendas.

全面参与全球治理国际合作。中国加入了几乎所有普遍性政府间国际组织和600多项国际公约及修正案；中国是联合国第二大会费国和维和摊款国，也是安理会常任理事国中派遣维和人员最多的国家。在习近平总书记的亲自推动下，成功促成沙特伊朗和解复交；坚持劝和促谈大方向，为推动乌克兰危机、朝核问题、巴以冲突等地区热点问题的政治解决进程发挥建设性作用；等等。不断提升对外开放水平，扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络，高质量实施《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》，推动建设开放型世界经济。推动达成气候变化《巴黎协定》，围绕《全球人工智能治理倡议》凝聚更多共识，联合全球南方国家共同发起“开放科学国际合作倡议”，推动完善深海、极地、外空、互联网等新疆域治理规则，为相关多边议程贡献中国智慧和中国方案。

On the new journey of the New Era, it is necessary to more deeply understand and scientifically grasp the ideological connotation and theoretical character of the global governance vision of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. At the same time, we must adhere to integrating theory with practice, understanding not only “why it is good” but also “how to use it.” Against the backdrop of changes unseen in a century, we should unite progressive forces from all countries around the world, take the global governance of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits as the path to realization, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

新时代新征程，要更加深刻理解和科学把握共商共建共享的全球治理观的思想内涵、理论品格，同时要坚持理论联系实际，既明白“为什么好”，又知道“该怎么用”，在百年变局的时代背景下，团结世界各国进步力量，以共商共建共享的全球治理为实现路径，推动构建人类命运共同体。

(Authors: Wu Xiaodan, Wang Wenqi)

（执笔：吴晓丹、王文起）

(This article was commissioned by the People’s Forum magazine and edited by the Theory Department of People’s Daily)

（本文由人民论坛杂志社组稿、人民日报社理论部编辑）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心