Always Stand on the Side of Justice and Light

From May 7 to 10, 2025, President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Russia at invitation and attended the commemorative events for the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union’s Great Patriotic War. He published a signed article titled “Learn from History and Create a Better Future Together” in *Rossiyskaya Gazeta*. The article points out that we must learn from history, draw wisdom and strength from the profound lessons of World War II and the great victory of the anti-fascist war, resolutely oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics, and jointly create a better future for humanity. This is Xi

2025年5月7日至10日，国家主席习近平应邀对俄罗斯进行国事访问并出席纪念苏联伟大卫国战争胜利80周年庆典，在《俄罗斯报》发表题为《以史为鉴 共创未来》的署名文章。文章指出，我们要以史为鉴，从第二次世界大战的深刻教训和反法西斯战争的伟大胜利中汲取智慧和力量，坚决反对一切形式的霸权主义和强权政治，共同创造人类更加美好的未来。这是习近平主席以中俄共同纪念重大历史节点为契机，准确把握人类文明曲折前进的历史规律，深刻洞察当今国际秩序从哪里来、到哪里去的历史逻辑，勇于破解世界动荡变革期的时代课题，面向世界发出的正义之声、指出的光明之路。

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Looking back at the stirring years 80 years ago when the forces of justice worldwide bravely defeated the fascist forces, President Xi Jinping admonished the world to uphold a correct view of WWII history and to steadfastly act as guardians of historical memory.

回望80年前全世界正义力量英勇打败法西斯势力的峥嵘岁月，习近平主席告诫世人，要坚持正确二战史观，坚定做历史记忆的守护者。

World War II, unleashed by militarist and fascist forces, brought unprecedented catastrophe to humanity. China and the Soviet Union were respectively the main battlefields in Asia and Europe during World War II, making decisive contributions and enormous sacrifices to the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, and establishing great historical merits in defending human dignity and rebuilding world peace. In the face of ironclad historical facts, any schemes to distort the truth of WWII history, deny the outcomes of the WWII victory, or smear the historical contributions of China and the Soviet Union will never succeed!

军国主义和法西斯主义势力发动的第二次世界大战给人类造成空前浩劫。中国、苏联分别是第二次世界大战的亚洲和欧洲主战场，为世界反法西斯战争胜利作出了决定性贡献和巨大牺牲，为捍卫人类尊严、重建世界和平建立了伟大的历史功勋。在铁一般的史实面前，一切歪曲二战历史真相、否定二战胜利成果、抹黑中苏历史功绩的图谋都不会得逞！

——China and the Soviet Union were the mainstays in resisting Japanese militarism and German Nazism

——中国、苏联是抗击日本军国主义和德国纳粹主义的中流砥柱

On the Asian battlefield, the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression lasted 14 years, beginning the earliest and enduring the longest. The Chinese people waged a heroic, stirring, and tragic war of national salvation against the Japanese aggressors, with over 35 million casualties and indirect economic losses exceeding $500 billion. China's resistance annihilated over 1.5 million Japanese troops, accounting for more than 70% of Japan's total casualties in WWII. After the July 7 Incident of 1937 [1]1 The July 7 Incident of 1937 (also known as the Marco Polo Bridge Incident) was a clash between Chinese and Japanese troops near Beijing that the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese historiography mark as the beginning of the full-scale Japanese invasion of China and the start of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression., the Chinese battlefield consistently pinned down approximately one million main forces of the Japanese Army, at its peak accounting for over 90% of Japan's total army strength. In this great war of resistance, the Communist Party of China stepped forward, first proposing the idea of resistance against Japan and taking the lead in launching the anti-Japanese struggle, advocating for the establishment and resolutely maintaining, consolidating, and developing the Anti-Japanese National United Front [2]2 The Anti-Japanese National United Front was the coalition of the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party), along with other anti-Japanese forces, formed in 1937 to resist the Japanese invasion., and proposing and adhering to the comprehensive line of resistance and the general strategic policy of protracted war, serving as the political leadership core for the united resistance of the entire nation. The vast enemy-occupied areas opened up by the CPC and the people's anti-Japanese armed forces under its leadership were the decisive force in persisting in the resistance and securing victory. Especially after the war entered the stage of strategic stalemate, the enemy-occupied areas pinned down and fought against 58% to 75% of the Japanese invading forces in China and nearly all puppet troops. The Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression played a decisive role in the complete destruction of Japanese fascism and made contributions recorded in history to winning the final victory of WWII and defending world peace.

在亚洲战场，中国人民抗日战争历时14年，开始时间最早、持续时间最长。中国人民与日本侵略者展开了英勇壮烈、可歌可泣的救亡图存之战，伤亡人数超过3500万，间接经济损失5000多亿美元。中国抗战歼灭日军150多万人，占日军在二战中伤亡总数的七成以上。1937年七七事变后，中国战场始终牢牢牵制100万左右的日本陆军主力，最高占日本陆军总兵力的九成以上。在这场伟大的抗战中，中国共产党挺身而出，最早提出抗日主张并率先开展抗日斗争，倡导建立并坚决维护巩固发展抗日民族统一战线，提出并坚持实行全面抗战路线和持久战战略总方针，是全民族团结抗战的政治领导核心。中国共产党开辟的广大敌后战场和领导的人民抗日武装，是坚持抗战和夺取抗战胜利的决定性力量。尤其是抗战进入战略相持阶段后，敌后战场牵制和抗击了58%～75%的侵华日军和几乎全部伪军。中国人民抗日战争对日本法西斯的彻底覆灭起到了决定性作用，为赢得二战最终胜利、捍卫世界和平作出了彪炳史册的贡献。

Eighty years ago, the forces of justice worldwide, including China and the Soviet Union, united in shared hatred of the enemy, fought valiantly, and together defeated the once-invincible fascist forces, achieving the great victory of justice over evil, light over darkness, and progress over reaction. The photo shows the People's Liberation Army of China honor guard contingent participating in the military parade commemorating the 80th anniversary of the Soviet Union's victory in the Great Patriotic War in Moscow, the capital of Russia, on May 9, 2025. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Bai Xueqi.

80年前，包括中国、苏联在内的全世界正义力量，同仇敌忾、英勇战斗，并肩打败了不可一世的法西斯势力，取得了正义战胜邪恶、光明战胜黑暗、进步战胜反动的伟大胜利。图为2025年5月9日，在俄罗斯首都莫斯科，中国人民解放军三军仪仗队方队参加纪念苏联伟大卫国战争胜利80周年庆典阅兵式。 新华社记者 白雪骐/摄

On the European battlefield, the Soviet Red Army withstood the fiercest offensive firepower of Nazi Germany, defeating and annihilating over 500 German divisions, severely damaging the Nazi war machine. For most of the war period, 75% to 80% of German forces were forced to deploy on the Eastern Front, and the losses suffered by German forces in battles with the Soviet Red Army accounted for over 73% of their total losses. The Soviet Union paid an extremely heavy price in casualties during this war, with up to 27 million deaths, meaning one in every seven citizens lost their lives. The Soviet Red Army, with tenacious will, forged a steel torrent, crushed the ambitions of the Nazi invaders, liberated the peoples enslaved by German fascism, and wrote the magnificent epic of the Soviet Union's victory in the Great Patriotic War.

在欧洲战场，苏联红军扛住了纳粹德国最凶猛的进攻火力，打垮、歼灭了500多个德军师，重创纳粹德国的战争机器。战争期间大部分时间内，75%至80%的德军都被迫部署在东线，德军在与苏联红军战斗中遭受的损失占其总损失的73%以上。苏联在这场战争中的伤亡代价极为沉重，牺牲人数高达2700万，平均每7名公民中就有1人丧生。苏联红军以坚韧意志锻造钢铁洪流，碾碎了纳粹侵略者的野心，解放了被德国法西斯奴役的人民，书写了苏联伟大卫国战争胜利的壮丽史诗。

——The Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was an important part of the World Anti-Fascist War

——中国人民抗日战争是世界反法西斯战争的重要组成部分

World War II was an aggressive war launched by the fascist bloc of Germany, Italy, and Japan to dominate the world, with Japan being the most aggressive militarist state. Seizing "Manchuria and Mongolia," occupying all of China, and then annexing Asia to compete for world hegemony was Japan's basic national policy and the strategic steps of its external aggression and expansion. On September 18, 1931, Japan deliberately launched the September 18 Incident [3]3 The September 18 Incident of 1931 was a staged event by Japanese troops, used as a pretext to invade and occupy Northeast China (Manchuria), which the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese historiography regard as the start of World War II., invading Northeast China and igniting the first flames of fascist aggression. The September 18 Incident was Japan's first step in carving up the world with the German-Italian Axis powers. From that point on, Japanese fascism was both a vicious enemy of the Chinese people and a vicious enemy of the peoples of the world. Soviet prosecutor Krensky stated at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in 1948: "If we can point to a certain date as the beginning of this bloody period called the Second World War, September 18, 1931, is probably the most justified." History thrust the Chinese nation to the forefront of the World Anti-Fascist War, and the September 18 Incident became the starting point of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and unveiled the prelude to the World Anti-Fascist War.

第二次世界大战是德、意、日法西斯集团为称霸世界而发动的侵略战争，其中日本是最富于侵略性的军国主义国家。攫取“满蒙”、占领整个中国、进而吞并亚洲、争霸世界是日本的基本国策，也是其对外侵略扩张的方略步骤。1931年9月18日，日本蓄意发动九一八事变，侵略中国东北，点燃法西斯侵略的第一把战火。九一八事变是日本与德意轴心国集团瓜分世界的第一步，从那时起，日本法西斯既是中国人民的凶恶敌人，也是世界人民的凶恶敌人。苏联检察官克伦斯基1948年在远东国际军事法庭上说：“如果我们可以指出一定的日期作为所谓第二次世界大战的这段血腥时期的开端的话，1931年9月18日恐怕是最有根据的。”历史把中华民族推到世界反法西斯战争的最前列，九一八事变成为中国人民抗日战争的起点，并揭开了世界反法西斯战争的序幕。

In January 1939, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in the preface to the English translation of *On Protracted War*: "The great Chinese War of Resistance is not only a matter for China, nor for the East alone, but for the whole world." On the eve of the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Hitler proposed to Japan that it hoped "Japan would strike into Siberia from Manchuria." Japanese Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka also strongly advocated opening war against the Soviet Union to attack the Soviet Union from both sides with Germany. However, China's resistance pressed the "fatal weakness" of Japan's limited military strength, curbing Japan's northward advance plan to invade Siberia, thereby enabling the Soviet Union to avoid a two-front war; it pinned down and delayed the southward advance of Japanese forces, reducing the military pressure on Britain, the United States, and other countries in the Pacific theater, and supported and coordinated the combat operations of the Allied forces both strategically and tactically, playing an important role in ensuring the Allied implementation of the "Europe First" grand strategy. As an important strategic base for Allied operations against Japan in the Asia-Pacific region, China provided the Allies with large quantities of strategic materials and military intelligence, supporting the Allied anti-fascist war with manpower, material resources, and financial resources. At the same time, as the first country in the world to suffer fascist aggression, China made long-term and unremitting efforts to establish an international anti-fascist united front, contributing to the formal establishment of the International Anti-Fascist United Front. History shows that the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was an important part of the World Anti-Fascist War; China fought not only for the future and destiny of the Chinese nation but also for the future and destiny of all humanity.

1939年1月，毛泽东同志在为《论持久战》英译本所作序言中指出，“伟大的中国抗战，不但是中国的事，东方的事，也是世界的事”。德国入侵苏联前夕，希特勒就对日方提出，希望“日本从满洲打进西伯利亚”。日本外相松冈洋右也力主对苏开战、与德国两面夹击苏联。然而，中国抗战按住了日本兵力有限这个“死穴”，遏止了日本侵犯西伯利亚的北进计划，使苏联得以避免两线作战；牵制和推迟了日军的南进步伐，减轻了日军在太平洋战场对英、美等国的军事压力，在战略和战役上都支援和配合了盟军的作战行动，为保证同盟国实施“先欧后亚”大战略起到了重要作用。作为亚太地区盟军对日作战的重要战略基地，中国为同盟国提供了大量战略物资和军事情报，从人力、物力、财力上支援了同盟国的反法西斯战争。同时，作为世界上最早遭受法西斯侵略的国家，中国为建立国际反法西斯统一战线进行了长期不懈的努力，促成国际反法西斯统一战线的正式建立。历史表明，中国人民抗日战争是世界反法西斯战争的重要组成部分，中国不仅在为中华民族的前途命运而战，同时也在为整个人类的前途命运而战。

——Any attempts to whitewash or overturn the history of Japanese militarist aggression will never succeed

——任何为日本军国主义的侵略历史开脱翻案的行径都绝不会得逞

During WWII, Japanese militarism launched aggressive wars, committing heinous crimes that are too numerous to record, bringing profound suffering to the peoples of China and other victimized countries in Asia. However, to this day, trends within Japan that glorify the war of aggression and colonial rule continue to emerge endlessly. Some Japanese politicians and right-wing forces confound black and white, slandering China's legitimate self-defense and counterattack at the time as "provocation," shirking war responsibilities. They downplay the fact that they were the first to inflict harm, deliberately magnifying their identity as "atomic bomb victims" in an attempt to confuse the public. They push for revisions to the pacifist constitution that prevents the revival of militarism, tamper with history textbooks, deny the ironclad evidence of the Nanjing Massacre and the "comfort women" issue [4]4 "Comfort women" is a euphemism used by the Japanese military for women and girls forced into sexual slavery for Japanese soldiers during World War II., and some politicians repeatedly visit the Yasukuni Shrine [5]5 The Yasukuni Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Tokyo that honors Japan's war dead, including 14 convicted Class-A war criminals from World War II, and is a source of diplomatic tension with China and other Asian countries., which enshrines Class-A war criminals, severely hurting the feelings of the peoples of Asian countries, including China, and drawing strong dissatisfaction and resolute opposition from neighboring countries.

二战期间，日本军国主义发动侵略战争，犯下罄竹难书的罪行，给中国和亚洲受害国人民带来深重灾难。然而，时至今日，日本国内美化侵略战争和殖民统治的动向依旧层出不穷。一些日本政客和右翼势力颠倒黑白，将当年中国的正当自卫反击污蔑为“挑衅”，推卸战争责任。他们淡化自身加害在先的事实，刻意放大“原子弹受害者”身份，企图混淆视听。他们推进修改防止军国主义复活的和平宪法，篡改历史教材，否认铁证如山的南京大屠杀和“慰安妇”问题，部分政客多次参拜供奉有甲级战犯的靖国神社，严重伤害了包括中国在内的亚洲各国人民感情，周边各国对此强烈不满、坚决反对。

In the world anti-fascist war of the 20th century, the Chinese people, at tremendous national sacrifice, supported the main Eastern battlefield of the world anti-fascist war and made significant contributions to the victory of the world anti-fascist war. The photo shows visitors viewing a special exhibition commemorating the 87th anniversary of the outbreak of the full-scale War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression Memorial Museum in Wanping City on July 7, 2024. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Chenlin/photo

在20世纪世界反法西斯战争中，中国人民以巨大民族牺牲支撑起了世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场，为世界反法西斯战争胜利作出了重大贡献。图为2024年7月7日，游客在宛平城内的中国人民抗日战争纪念馆内参观纪念全民族抗战爆发87周年专题展览。 新华社记者 张晨霖/摄

Correctly understanding and treating history is an important prerequisite for Japan's return to the international community after the war, the political foundation for Japan's development of relations with neighboring countries, and even more so an important criterion for testing whether Japan can abide by its commitment to peaceful development. Preventing the revival of the militarist ghost is Japan's unshirkable historical responsibility and also the unassailable firm will of the Chinese and Asian peoples. Only by facing up to and sincerely reflecting on its history of aggression, earnestly drawing lessons from history, adopting an attitude of responsibility toward history, the people, and the future, completely cutting ties with all acts that whitewash the history of aggression, adhering to the path of peaceful development, and taking concrete actions to win the trust of Asian neighbors and the international community can Japan create a future.

正确认识和对待历史，是日本战后重返国际社会的重要前提，是日本同周边国家发展关系的政治基础，更是检验日本能否恪守和平发展承诺的重要标准。防止军国主义阴魂复活，是日本不可推卸的历史责任，也是中国和亚洲人民不可挑战的坚定意志。日本只有正视并真诚反省侵略历史，认真汲取历史教训，本着对历史、对人民、对未来负责任的态度，同一切美化侵略历史的行为彻底切割，坚持走和平发展道路，以实际行动取信亚洲邻国和国际社会，才能开创未来。

History cannot be tampered with, and facts cannot be erased. Any words or actions that deny the history of aggression or even whitewash wars of aggression cannot but arouse the great indignation and high vigilance of peace-loving people worldwide, including the Chinese people. Those schemes to tamper with history out of selfish interests in current international political games, those fallacies that use hegemonic discourse to distort the historical memory of the world's people, and those acts that confuse right and wrong and vilify the heroes and martyrs of China and the Soviet Union are all desecrations of and provocations against human conscience and dignity! Only by forever nailing the anti-human fascist war criminals to the pillar of shame of history, and upholding the just nature, historical value, and contemporary significance of the anti-fascist war of China and the Soviet Union, can we prevent the recurrence of the tragedy of World War II and the reversal of the wheel of history, and can we also follow the trend of the times and advance unswervingly in the correct direction of human peace and development!

历史不容篡改，事实不容抹杀。任何否认侵略历史甚至美化侵略战争的言行，都不能不引起包括中国人民在内的全世界爱好和平人民的极大愤慨和高度警惕。那些从当下国际政治博弈私利出发篡改历史的图谋，那些利用舆论霸权扭曲世界人民历史记忆的谬论，那些混淆是非、丑化中苏英雄先烈的行径，都是对人类良知和尊严的亵渎与挑衅！只有将反人类的法西斯主义战犯永远钉在历史的耻辱柱上，伸张中苏反法西斯战争的正义性质、历史价值、时代意义，才能防止二战悲剧重演、历史倒车再开，也才能顺应时代潮流、朝着人类和平与发展的正确方向坚定不移地前进！

This year marks the 80th anniversary of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War, and the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, as well as the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Eighty years ago, China and the Soviet Union were the first to sign the United Nations Charter, and together with important members of the anti-fascist alliance, they lifted the curtain on building an international system centered on the United Nations. The photo shows the text of the United Nations Charter. Xinhua News Agency issued, United Nations photo

今年是中国人民抗日战争、苏联伟大卫国战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，也是联合国成立80周年。80年前，中国和苏联率先在《联合国宪章》上签字，与反法西斯同盟重要成员一起揭开了打造以联合国为核心的国际体系的序幕。图为《联合国宪章》文本。 新华社发 联合国供图

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Gaining insight into the tumultuous course of world development and the evolution of international relations over the past 80 years, President Xi Jinping calls on the international community to resolutely uphold the post-war international order and continuously promote an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.

洞察80年来世界发展和国际关系演变的跌宕历程，习近平主席呼吁国际社会，要坚决维护战后国际秩序，持续推进平等有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化。

On the basis of the victory of World War II, China, together with important members of the anti-fascist alliance, jointly established the United Nations and jointly formulated the United Nations Charter, opening a new chapter for all countries to jointly build peace and seek development. It can be said that the international system centered on the United Nations is a concentrated embodiment of the fruits of the victory of World War II, laying the cornerstone of the post-war international order and creating the most important platform for maintaining world peace and conducting global governance. The United Nations Charter is an important guideline for avoiding future generations suffering the scourge of war; the collective security mechanism centered on the Security Council is an important guarantee for international peace and security; and the United Nations, as the most universal, representative, and authoritative intergovernmental international organization in the world, provides the best support for maintaining world peace, practicing multilateralism, and promoting the democratization of international relations. Over the past 80 years, the international situation has been turbulent, but the United Nations has withstood the test, supported the stability and prosperity of the world, ensured the basic pattern of overall peace, and promoted significant progress in human civilization.

在二战胜利的基础上，中国同反法西斯同盟重要成员一道，共商成立联合国，共同制定联合国宪章，开启了各国共建和平、共谋发展的新篇章。可以说，以联合国为核心的国际体系是二战胜利成果的集中体现，奠定了战后国际秩序的基石，打造了一个维护世界和平、开展全球治理的最主要平台。联合国宪章是避免后世再遭战祸的重要遵循；以安理会为核心的集体安全机制是国际和平与安全的重要保障；联合国作为世界上最具普遍性、代表性、权威性的政府间国际组织，为维护世界和平、践行多边主义和推动国际关系民主化提供了最佳依托。80年来国际形势风云激荡，联合国经受了考验，支撑着世界的稳定与繁荣，确保了总体和平的基本格局，推动了人类文明长足进步。

However, 80 years later today, individual countries are vigorously pursuing their own priorities, power politics, and bullying, attempting to replace multilateralism with unilateralism and replace the post-war international order with so-called self-determined rules, subjecting the United Nations to an unprecedented impact. President Xi Jinping pointed out with powerful words: The more the international situation becomes chaotic and intertwined, the more we must uphold and maintain the authority of the United Nations. The various confrontations and injustices occurring in today's world are not because the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter are outdated, but precisely because these purposes and principles have not been effectively fulfilled. As a permanent member of the Security Council, China firmly upholds the central role of the United Nations. In February 2025, China presided over a high-level meeting at the United Nations Security Council with the theme "Practicing Multilateralism, Reforming and Improving Global Governance," with over 100 countries enthusiastically registering to participate, lifting the curtain on commemorating the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, promoting all parties to revisit the original founding aspiration of the United Nations and abide by the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, and demonstrating China's sense of responsibility as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. At the same time, world multipolarity and economic globalization are major trends in the development of human society, and achieving an equal and orderly multipolar world and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization serves the common interests of all countries. History enlightens the present and illuminates the future. The international community should firmly uphold the international system centered on the United Nations, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, ensuring that all countries can participate equally, enjoy rights, and play a role in the process of multipolarity, so that different countries, different classes, and different groups of people can all enjoy the development results brought by economic globalization.

然而，80年后的今天，个别国家大搞本国优先、强权霸凌，企图以单边主义取代多边主义，以所谓自定规则取代战后国际秩序，使联合国遭遇前所未有的冲击。习近平主席掷地有声地指出，国际形势越是变乱交织，我们越要坚持和维护联合国权威。当今世界发生的各种对抗和不公，不是因为联合国宪章宗旨和原则过时了，而恰恰是由于这些宗旨和原则未能得到有效履行。作为安理会常任理事国，中国坚定维护联合国的中心地位。2025年2月，中国在联合国安理会主持召开以“践行多边主义，改革完善全球治理”为主题的高级别会议，100多个国家踊跃报名参加，揭开了纪念联合国成立80周年的序幕，推动各方重温联合国创始初心、恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，彰显了中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国的责任担当。同时，世界多极化和经济全球化是人类社会发展的大趋势，实现平等有序的世界多极化和普惠包容的经济全球化符合世界各国的共同利益。历史启迪当下、昭示未来。国际社会应坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，确保所有国家都能在多极化进程中平等参与、享受权利、发挥作用，让不同国家、不同阶层、不同人群都能享有经济全球化带来的发展成果。

This year also marks the 80th anniversary of the recovery of Taiwan. President Xi Jinping emphasized: "The return of Taiwan to China is an important part of the fruits of the victory of World War II and the post-war international order." Taiwan has been an inalienable part of China's territory since ancient times. The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression returned Taiwan to China's territory. The Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, issued by the major victorious powers at the time, both clearly stipulated that Taiwan, stolen by Japan, should be returned to China, and Japan also declared its acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation and its unconditional surrender. These all confirmed China's sovereignty over Taiwan and constitute an important part of the post-war international order. In 1971, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758 by an overwhelming majority, deciding to restore all lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations and immediately expel the representatives of the Taiwan authorities from the United Nations and all its subsidiary organs. This resolution completely resolved the issue of China's representation in the United Nations, including Taiwan, and completely eliminated any possibility of creating "two Chinas" or "one China, one Taiwan." The principle of sovereignty is the cornerstone of the United Nations Charter. Respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries means supporting China's complete reunification, and adhering to the One-China principle means opposing any form of "Taiwan independence." No matter how the situation changes within the island of Taiwan, no matter how external forces create trouble, the historical trend that China will eventually and must be reunified is unstoppable.

今年也是台湾光复80周年。习近平主席强调：“台湾回归中国是二战胜利成果和战后国际秩序的重要组成部分。”台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分，中国人民抗日战争的胜利，使台湾重回中国版图。主要战胜国当年发表的《开罗宣言》《波茨坦公告》都明确规定，要把日本窃取的台湾归还中国，日本也宣布承认《波茨坦公告》，无条件投降。这些都确认了中国对台湾的主权，构成战后国际秩序的重要组成部分。1971年，联合国大会以压倒性多数通过第2758号决议，决定恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的一切合法权利，并立即将台湾当局的代表从联合国及其所属一切机构中驱逐出去。这一决议彻底解决了包括台湾在内全中国在联合国的代表权问题，彻底杜绝了制造“两个中国”或“一中一台”的任何可能。主权原则是联合国宪章的基石，尊重各国的主权和领土完整就应该支持中国实现完全统一，坚持一个中国就应该反对任何形式的“台独”。无论台湾岛内形势如何变化，无论外部势力如何捣乱，中国终将统一、也必将统一的历史大势不可阻挡。

III

三

Reflecting on where human society is heading under the accelerated evolution of the changes unseen in a century, President Xi Jinping advocates that all countries firmly defend international fairness and justice and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

思考当前百年变局加速演进下人类社会何去何从，习近平主席倡导世界各国，坚定捍卫国际公平正义，推动构建人类命运共同体。

In today's world, deficits in peace, development, security, and governance are increasing, and acts of unilateralism, hegemonism, power politics, and bullying are deeply harmful. Humanity once again stands at a crossroads: unity or division, dialogue or confrontation, win-win or zero-sum. The painful lessons of World War II are not far off, and the world must never return to the law of the jungle where "might makes right." President Xi Jinping put forward the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, leading China's diplomacy to uphold fairness and justice, dare to take responsibility, and make unremitting efforts to solve the above deficits and push humanity toward a better future.

当今世界，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字有增无减，单边主义、霸权霸道霸凌行径危害深重，人类又一次站在了团结还是分裂、对话还是对抗、共赢还是零和的十字路口。二战的沉痛教训殷鉴不远，世界绝不应退回“强权即公理”的丛林法则。习近平主席提出构建人类命运共同体理念，引领中国外交秉持公道正义，勇于担当作为，为破解上述赤字、推动人类迈向美好未来不懈努力。

—Guiding the reform of the global governance system with the concept of fairness and justice

——以公平正义为理念积极引领全球治理体系变革

With the deepening development of economic globalization and world multipolarization, the collective economic rise and renewed political awakening of the Global South have made the problem of insufficient representation and voice for developing countries in the global governance system more prominent. As the largest developing country and an important member of the Global South, China actively defends the legitimate rights and development space of developing countries. In response to various interstate differences and disputes, it adheres to the equality of all countries, large and small, balances the interests of all parties, takes care of each other’s concerns, respects sovereignty, upholds fairness, and promotes justice. Upholding a global governance concept based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, it opposes the monopoly of international affairs by a few countries and actively strives to expand the representation and voice of developing countries in global governance. It has proposed the Belt and Road Initiative, taken the lead in proposing or participating in the creation of new international cooperation mechanisms such as the New Development Bank, continuously strengthened close coordination with developing countries on global governance, and injected strong impetus into the reform and improvement of the global governance system. In 2023, China strongly supported the African Union’s accession to the Group of Twenty, the main platform for global economic governance; this year, China will continue to firmly support the holding of the G20 summit for the first time on the African continent, where the most developing countries are concentrated, leaving a distinct “African imprint” and “Southern imprint” on global governance.

随着经济全球化、世界多极化深入发展，全球南方经济上群体崛起、政治上再次觉醒，发展中国家在全球治理体系中代表性和话语权不足问题更加凸显。作为最大发展中国家、全球南方重要一员，中国积极维护发展中国家的正当权利和发展空间。针对各种国与国分歧和争端，坚守大小国家一律平等，兼顾各方利益，照顾彼此关切，尊重主权，主持公道，伸张正义。秉持共商共建共享的全球治理观，反对少数国家垄断国际事务，积极争取扩大发展中国家在全球治理中的代表性和话语权。提出共建“一带一路”倡议，首倡或参与创建新开发银行等新型国际合作机制，就全球治理不断加强与发展中国家的密切协作，为全球治理体系变革完善注入强劲动力。2023年，中国大力支持非盟加入二十国集团这个全球经济治理主要平台；今年，中国将继续坚定支持二十国集团峰会首次在发展中国家最集中的非洲大陆举办，为全球治理留下鲜明的“非洲印记”、“南方印记”。

— Practice true multilateralism and promote solidarity and cooperation in the international community

——践行真正的多边主义，促进国际社会团结合作

Multilateralism is an effective path for maintaining peace and promoting development. However, individual countries that prioritize themselves, pursue unilateralism, and willfully “withdraw from groups and tear up agreements” have severely damaged multilateralism and international cooperation, provoked confrontation and antagonism, and divided the entire world. Some countries and forces, driven by selfish interests, promote various forms of pseudo-multilateralism. On the surface, they claim to engage in multilateral cooperation, but in essence, they form “small circles”; on the surface, they say they will abide by rules, but in essence, they “use international law when it suits them and discard it when it does not”; on the surface, they advocate fair competition, but in essence, they pursue “winner-takes-all” and suppress the legitimate development rights of other countries. In response, China advocates the concept of “true multilateralism,” helping the international community sharpen its eyes, discard the false and retain the true. China insists that there is only one system in the world, namely the international system with the United Nations at its core; only one order, namely the international order based on international law; and only one set of rules, namely the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. China adheres to openness and inclusiveness, not exclusiveness and closedness; adheres to the foundation of international law, not self-aggrandizement; adheres to consultation and cooperation, not conflict and confrontation; and always acts as a builder of multilateral mechanisms, an advocate of multilateral concepts, and a promoter of multilateral cooperation. Looking around the world, more and more countries and international organizations are happy to expand their circles, achieve mutual success, and engage in win-win cooperation. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has expanded from 6 members to a “SCO family” of 26 countries, building the world’s largest regional cooperation organization in terms of territory and population. The BRICS countries have successively welcomed 6 new members and 9 new partners, becoming a model for practicing multilateralism.

多边主义是维护和平、促进发展的有效路径。然而，个别国家大搞本国优先、奉行单边主义、肆意“退群毁约”，严重破坏多边主义和国际合作，挑起对立对抗，分裂整个世界。一些国家和势力从私利出发，推行形形色色的伪多边主义。他们表面上打着多边合作的旗号，实质上搞“小圈子”；表面上说要遵守规则，实质上却对国际法“合则用、不合则弃”；表面上主张公平竞争，实质上追求“赢者通吃”，打压别国正当发展权利。对此，中国倡导“真正的多边主义”理念，帮助国际社会擦亮眼睛，去伪存真。中国坚持世界只有一个体系，就是以联合国为核心的国际体系；只有一个秩序，就是以国际法为基础的国际秩序；只有一套规则，就是以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则。中国坚持开放包容，不搞封闭排他；坚持以国际法则为基础，不搞唯我独尊；坚持协商合作，不搞冲突对抗，始终做多边机制的建设者、多边理念的倡导者、多边合作的推动者。环顾全球，越来越多国家和国际组织乐于结伴扩圈、相互成就、合作共赢。上合组织已从6个成员扩大为26个国家的“上合大家庭”，构建起世界上幅员最广、人口最多的区域合作组织，金砖国家接连迎来6个新成员、9个新伙伴，成为践行多边主义的典范。

— Implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, and deepen and solidify the building of a community with a shared future for mankind

——落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，推动构建人类命运共同体走深走实

President Xi Jinping proposed the three major global initiatives, leading China to focus on the real and prominent difficulties facing the international community, bravely act as a “doer” who integrates knowledge and action, take comprehensive measures from the three dimensions of development, security, and civilization, inject positive energy of stability and revitalization into a turbulent world, and drive the cause of building a community with a shared future for mankind to continuously achieve new results. China has mobilized nearly US$20 billion in various types of development funds, established the “Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative” and the Global Development Promotion Center, built over 30 cooperation platforms around 8 key areas such as poverty reduction and food security, and carried out more than 1,100 projects. It has clarified 20 key cooperation directions and 5 major categories of cooperation platform mechanisms for the Global Security Initiative, playing a positive role in maintaining global strategic stability, mediating the reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran, the internal reconciliation of Palestinian factions, and promoting the political settlement of the Ukraine crisis. It has proposed building an implementation mechanism for the Global Civilization Initiative, following the common values of all mankind, proposing that the UN General Assembly establish an International Day for Dialogue among Civilizations, and supporting countries in taking their own development paths. It has taken the lead in establishing the “Global South” Think Tank Cooperation Alliance, promoted the creation of the “Global Civilization Initiative China-Arab Center,” proposed holding a China-Latin America Civilization Dialogue Conference, and created favorable conditions for international exchange and dialogue among personnel in the fields of culture, education, science and technology, health, sports, tourism, media, and think tanks, effectively promoting exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations and mutual understanding and affinity between Chinese and foreign people. The three major global initiatives have received active support from over 100 countries, reflecting China’s influence and appeal as an “empowering major country.”

习近平主席提出三大全球倡议，引领中国聚焦国际社会面临的现实突出难题，勇当知行合一的“实干家”，从发展、安全、文明三个维度综合施策，为动荡不安的世界注入稳定振兴的正能量，带动构建人类命运共同体事业不断取得新成果。中国已动员各类发展资金近200亿美元，设立“全球发展倡议之友小组”、全球发展促进中心，围绕减贫、粮食安全等8个重点领域搭建起30多个合作平台，已开展1100多个项目。明确全球安全倡议20个重点合作方向和5大类合作平台机制，在维护全球战略稳定、斡旋沙特和伊朗和解、巴勒斯坦各派内部和解以及推动乌克兰危机政治解决等问题上发挥积极作用。提出建设全球文明倡议践行机制，遵循全人类共同价值，倡议联大设立文明对话国际日，支持各国走自己的发展道路。牵头成立“全球南方”智库合作联盟，推动创建“全球文明倡议中国—阿拉伯中心”，提议举办中拉文明对话大会，为文化、教育、科技、卫生、体育、旅游、媒体、智库等领域人员国际交流对话创造有利条件，有效促进中外文明交流互鉴、中外民众相知相亲。三大全球倡议得到100多个国家积极支持，体现了中国作为“赋能型大国”的影响力和感召力。

With iron shoulders bearing moral responsibility, history will judge the future. Eighty years ago, in the face of the ferocious and heinous forces of fascism, people all over the world, fearing no brutality and daring to sacrifice, firmly chose to stand on the side of justice and light, and finally achieved a great victory. Eighty years later, at this critical historical moment of intense struggle between hegemonism and anti-hegemonism, it is believed that all forces that want fairness rather than hegemony will unite closely together, as always, unswervingly stand on the side of the common interests of all countries, on the side of the correct side of history, and on the side of the progress of civilization, and join hands to strive for a brighter future for the destiny of mankind!

铁肩担道义，历史鉴未来。80年前，面对穷凶极恶的法西斯势力，全世界人民不畏强暴、敢于牺牲，坚定选择站在正义与光明一边，终于迎来伟大胜利。80年后的今天，在维霸与反霸深度较量的关键历史时刻，相信一切要公道不要霸道的力量将会紧紧团结在一起，一如既往坚定不移地站在各国共同利益一边，站在历史正确一边，站在文明进步一边，携手为人类前途命运争取更加光明的未来！

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心