Deeply Grasp the Core Essence and Practical Requirements of Developing New Quality Productive Forces

On the new journey, focusing on economic construction as the central task and high-quality development as the primary task, General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the need to integrate scientific and technological innovation resources, lead the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, and put forward a series of methods and important requirements for implementation. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of important expositions and major deployments on developing new quality productive forces have further systematically clarified the major theoretical and practical issues of “what new quality productive forces are, why we must develop new quality productive forces, and how to develop new quality productive forces.” This is an innovation and development of the Marxist theory of productive forces, possessing important theoretical significance and profound practical significance. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Decision”) reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: The third plenary meeting of the 20th Central Committee, held in July 2024, which focused on further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. has made important deployments on improving the systems and mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development and promoting the development of new quality productive forces, pointing the way for improving the systems and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions and accelerating the shaping of new drivers of development and new advantages. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core continuously expands and deepens the theoretical connotation and practical requirements of new quality productive forces, providing scientific guidance and drawing a blueprint for development to advance high-quality development and write a new chapter of Chinese-path modernization on the new journey.

新征程上聚焦经济建设这一中心工作和高质量发展这一首要任务，习近平总书记强调要整合科技创新资源，引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业，加快形成新质生产力，并提出贯彻落实的一系列方法和重要要求。习近平总书记关于发展新质生产力的系列重要论述和重大部署，进一步系统阐明了“什么是新质生产力、为什么要发展新质生产力、怎样发展新质生产力”的重大理论和实践问题，是对马克思主义生产力理论的创新和发展，具有重要的理论意义和深刻的实践意义。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）对健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制、促进新质生产力发展作出重要部署，为健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制，加快塑造发展新动能、新优势指明方向。以习近平同志为核心的党中央不断拓展和深化新质生产力的理论内涵和实践要求，为新征程上推进高质量发展、书写中国式现代化新篇章提供科学指引、擘画发展蓝图。

I. New Quality Productive Forces Are an Advanced Form of Productive Forces That Conforms to the New Development Concept

一、新质生产力是符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “In summary, new quality productive forces are an advanced form of productive forces where innovation plays the leading role, breaking away from traditional economic growth modes and paths of productive forces development, characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, and conforming to the new development concept. They are driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. Their basic connotation is the leap in the quality of laborers, means of labor, subjects of labor, and their optimized combination. Their core marker is a significant increase in total factor productivity. Their characteristic is innovation, their key is high quality, and their essence is advanced productive forces.” [2]2 This is a direct quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech on new quality productive forces, first elaborated in detail in early 2024. This important exposition scientifically answers what new quality productive forces are, proclaiming that new quality productive forces represent the direction of development of advanced productive forces and are an inevitable choice for promoting the iterative upgrading of productive forces and achieving modernization.

习近平总书记指出：“概括地说，新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。它由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志，特点是创新，关键在质优，本质是先进生产力。” 这一重要论述，科学回答了什么是新质生产力，昭示了新质生产力代表着先进生产力的发展方向，是推动生产力迭代升级、实现现代化的必然选择。

New quality productive forces are a new type of productive forces driven by innovation, supported by scientific and technological progress, and aimed at improving efficiency and quality. The development of this type of productive forces not only requires us to break free from the constraints of traditional economic growth modes but also demands that we achieve fundamental changes in production methods, economic structure, development paths, and other aspects. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that new quality productive forces are driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. This profoundly reveals that the formation and development of new quality productive forces is a systematic project, requiring us to make great efforts and do solid work in multiple aspects such as scientific and technological innovation, resource allocation, and industrial upgrading. Only in this way can we continuously foster and strengthen new quality productive forces, providing strong impetus and support for high-quality development.

新质生产力是以创新为动力，以科技进步为支撑，以效率和质量提升为目标的新型生产力。这种生产力的发展，不仅要求我们摆脱传统经济增长方式的束缚，更要求我们在生产方式、经济结构、发展路径等方面实现根本性变革。习近平总书记指出，新质生产力是由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生的。这深刻揭示了新质生产力的形成和发展是一个系统工程，需要我们在科技创新、资源配置、产业升级等多个方面下大力气、做实功夫。只有这样，才能不断催生和壮大新质生产力，为高质量发展提供强劲的动力和支撑。

From the perspective of the three elements of productive forces, the “new quality” of new quality productive forces is manifested as follows: First, new-type laborers are new-type talents who can fully utilize modern technology, adapt to modern high-end advanced equipment, and possess the ability to rapidly update knowledge. They are high-level, composite, high-quality laborers suited to the development of new quality productive forces. Second, new-quality means of labor, especially new-type production tools, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality and augmented reality equipment, automated manufacturing equipment, etc., as well as digital technologies represented by the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, and 3D printing technology. Digital technology drives industrial transformation and green transformation through digital networks and intelligent algorithms. Third, new-quality subjects of labor are manifested in the digital and intelligent transformation of traditional subjects of labor, as well as new subjects of labor such as new materials and new energy. These include not only high-end intelligent equipment in material form but also new production factors in non-physical forms such as data. With the development of fields such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and new energy technology, the scope and domain of subjects of labor are continuously expanding and can release enormous productive efficiency. The qualitative change in the three elements of productive forces will inevitably lead to a new qualitative leap in productive forces, promoting the convenient flow, networked sharing, systematic integration, collaborative development, and efficient utilization of production factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data. This effectively reduces transaction costs, significantly improves resource allocation efficiency and total factor productivity, thereby promoting high-quality development and accelerating the process of Chinese-path modernization.

从生产力的三要素角度看，新质生产力的“新质”体现为：一是新型劳动者，是能够充分利用现代技术、适应现代高端先进设备、具有知识快速更新迭代能力的新型人才，是适应新质生产力发展的高水平复合型高素质劳动者；二是新质劳动资料，特别是新型生产工具，如人工智能、虚拟现实和增强现实设备、自动化制造设备等，以及以物联网、云计算、大数据、3D打印技术为代表的数字技术，数字技术通过数字网络和智能算法驱动产业变革与绿色转型；三是新质劳动对象，体现为传统劳动对象的数智化，以及新材料、新能源等新的劳动对象，不仅包括物质形态的高端智能设备，还包括数据等非实体形态的新型生产要素，随着人工智能、生物技术、新能源技术等领域的发展，劳动对象的范围和领域还在不断扩大并可释放出巨大的生产效能。生产力三要素发生质的变化，必然引致生产力的新质跃升，推动劳动、资本、土地、知识、技术、管理、数据等生产要素便捷化流动、网络化共享、系统化整合、协作化开发和高效化利用，有效降低交易成本，大幅提升资源配置效率和全要素生产率，从而推动高质量发展和加快中国式现代化进程。

II. Developing New Quality Productive Forces Is the Inherent Requirement and Important Focal Point for Promoting High-Quality Development

二、发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点

High-quality development requires new theories of productive forces to guide it, and new quality productive forces have already taken shape in practice and demonstrated strong driving force and support for high-quality development. This requires us to summarize and generalize theoretically to guide new development practices. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly clarified: “Developing new quality productive forces is the inherent requirement and important focal point for promoting high-quality development. We must continue to do a good job in the big article of innovation and accelerate the development of new quality productive forces.” [3]3 Another direct quotation from Xi Jinping, emphasizing the link between new quality productive forces and high-quality development. On the one hand, new quality productive forces are a concept of productive forces that matches high-quality development. They are an innovation and beneficial attempt of the theory of productive forces in the high-quality development stage of China, and an innovation and development of the Marxist theory of productive forces. On the other hand, new quality productive forces already have development practices in China. The purpose of theoretical summarization is to better guide practice. We must apply new quality productive forces to development practices, based on innovation to achieve high-quality development. Developing new quality productive forces is an urgent requirement for advancing high-quality development and realizing Chinese-path modernization. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [4]4 The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: The Party congress held in October 2022, which set the strategic tasks for the current period, including the central task of realizing the second centenary goal. proposed that comprehensively building a great modern socialist country and realizing the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, are the central tasks of the Communist Party of China. High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Chinese-path modernization cannot be separated from scientific and technological modernization; otherwise, modernization would be like water without a source or a tree without roots. High-quality development requires high-quality productive forces; otherwise, it is impossible to truly achieve high output efficiency and a good state of economic operation. Chinese-path modernization and high-quality development are built on a solid material and technological foundation. This material and technological foundation depends on high-quality labor and new-type means of production, and is inseparable from modern high-tech research, development, and application. Modern high technology, high-quality labor, and high-quality means of production are the constituent elements of new quality productive forces. Currently, in most fields in China, the supply problem of “from nothing to something” has been basically solved, but the problem that high-quality demand cannot be effectively met still exists. This objectively requires the formation of a new balance where demand drives supply and supply creates demand. Accelerating the development of new quality productive forces conforms to the practical needs of high-quality development, helps achieve a virtuous cycle of the national economy, better leverages China’s super-large market advantages, and enhances the sustainability of economic growth and social development. Against the backdrop of rapidly changing global technology and deep adjustment of industrial structures, developing new quality productive forces means promoting industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation, reflecting the building of new competitive advantages and gaining the initiative in development through industrial upgrading.

高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导，而新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力，需要我们从理论上进行总结、概括，用以指导新的发展实践。习近平总书记深刻阐明：“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点，必须继续做好创新这篇大文章，推动新质生产力加快发展。”一方面，新质生产力是与高质量发展相匹配的生产力概念，是对生产力理论在中国高质量发展阶段的创新和有益尝试，是对马克思主义生产力理论的创新和发展；另一方面，新质生产力在中国已有发展实践，理论总结的目的是更好地指导实践。要将新质生产力应用于发展实践，立足创新实现高质量发展。发展新质生产力，是推进高质量发展、实现中国式现代化的迫切要求。党的二十大报告提出，全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴是中国共产党的中心任务，高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。中国式现代化离不开科技现代化，否则现代化就会是无源之水、无本之木。高质量发展需要高质量的生产力，否则不可能真正做到产出效益高、经济运行状态好。中国式现代化和高质量发展建立在坚实的物质技术基础之上，这个物质技术基础有赖于高素质的劳动力和新型的生产资料，离不开现代高科技研发和运用，而现代高科技、高素质劳动力和高品质生产资料就是新质生产力的构成要件。当前，我国大部分领域已基本解决“从无到有”的供给问题，但高品质需求得不到有效满足的问题依然存在，客观上要求形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的新平衡。加快发展新质生产力，符合高质量发展的现实需求，有助于实现国民经济良性循环，更好发挥我国超大规模市场优势，增强经济增长和社会发展的持续性。在全球科技日新月异、产业结构深度调整的大背景下，发展新质生产力意味着以科技创新推动产业创新，体现了以产业升级构筑新竞争优势、赢得发展的主动权。

III. Actively Cultivate and Develop New Quality Productive Forces

三、积极培育和发展新质生产力

We must fully recognize the importance of accelerating the development of new quality productive forces for promoting high-quality development, seize the opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, increase efforts in scientific and technological innovation, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries, lay out and build future industries in advance, promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, continuously improve the modern industrial system, actively cultivate and develop new quality productive forces, and promote high-quality economic development.

要充分认识加快发展新质生产力对推动高质量发展的重要性，抢抓新一轮科技革命和产业变革机遇，加大科技创新力度，培育壮大新兴产业，超前布局建设未来产业，推动传统产业改造升级，不断完善现代化产业体系，积极培育和发展新质生产力，推动经济高质量发展。

Strengthen scientific and technological innovation, particularly original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Scientific and technological innovation can give rise to new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth, and is the core element for developing new quality productive forces. It is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, especially original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the achievement of high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, fight the tough battle for core technologies in key areas, so that original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation achievements emerge in abundance, and cultivate new drivers for developing new quality productive forces.” [5]5 Xi Jinping, “ At the innovation level, new quality productive forces differ from general innovation and possess entirely new epochal characteristics and rich connotations: first, they place greater emphasis on original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation, and on achieving revolutionary breakthroughs in technology; second, they more strongly emphasize digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, representing advanced productive forces centered on AI technology, especially “computing power”; third, they more strongly emphasize the integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial development, requiring the timely application of scientific and technological innovation achievements to specific industries and industrial chains, and the improvement of the modern industrial system. In the current era, competition for the commanding heights of science and technology is unprecedentedly fierce; core technologies in key areas cannot be obtained by asking, buying, or begging. Only by strengthening original scientific and technological innovation can we hold core technologies in key areas in our own hands and firmly grasp the initiative in development in our own hands; only by strengthening disruptive scientific and technological innovation can we surpass existing technologies and generate substitutes, driving the overall situation through breakthroughs in important areas and key links. From high-end chips and industrial mother machines [6] to development platforms and basic algorithms, and then to basic components and basic materials, fighting the tough battle for core technologies in key areas so that original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation achievements emerge in abundance is the only way to cultivate new drivers for developing new quality productive forces, laying the foundation and providing support for the development of new quality productive forces.

加强科技创新特别是原创性、颠覆性科技创新。习近平总书记指出：“科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能，是发展新质生产力的核心要素。必须加强科技创新特别是原创性、颠覆性科技创新，加快实现高水平科技自立自强，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，使原创性、颠覆性科技创新成果竞相涌现，培育发展新质生产力的新动能。”新质生产力在创新层面不同于一般创新，而是具有全新的时代特质与丰富内涵：一是更加注重原创性、颠覆性科技创新，更加注重实现技术革命性突破；二是更为强调人工智能等数字技术，是以人工智能技术尤其是以“算力”为代表的先进生产力；三是更为强调科技创新和产业发展相结合，需要及时将科技创新成果应用到具体产业和产业链上，完善现代化产业体系。当今时代，围绕科技制高点的竞争空前激烈，关键核心技术是要不来、买不来、讨不来的。唯有加强原创性科技创新，才能把关键核心技术掌握在自己手中，把发展主动权牢牢掌握在自己手里；唯有加强颠覆性科技创新，才能超越原有技术并产生替代，以重要领域和关键环节的突破带动全局。从高端芯片、工业母机，到开发平台、基本算法，再到基础元器件、基础材料，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，使原创性、颠覆性科技创新成果竞相涌现，才能培育发展新质生产力的新动能，为发展新质生产力奠定基础、提供支撑。

Lead industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation. Science and technology are only transformed into real, direct productive forces when applied to the production process. It is necessary to value both the original innovation breakthrough “from 0 to 1” and, even more, the transformation and application of achievements “from 1 to infinity.” General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the need to value the application of scientific and technological innovation achievements and to place greater emphasis on the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation. To develop new quality productive forces, cultivating new industries is the key task. When participating in the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the Third Session of the 14th National People’s Congress this year, the General Secretary further pointed out: “Scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation are the basic paths for developing new quality productive forces.” [7] At present, China has basically built an industrial system with a large scale, a complete system, and relatively strong competitiveness, but the problems of some industries being “large but not strong” and “complete but not excellent” still exist. Laying out industrial chains around the development of new quality productive forces and improving the modern industrial system are objectively necessary.

以科技创新引领产业创新。科学技术只有应用到生产过程中，才会转化为现实的、直接的生产力。既要重视“从0到1”的原始创新突破，更要重视“从1到无穷大”的成果转化应用。习近平总书记多次强调要重视科技创新成果的应用，要更加重视科技创新和产业创新的深度融合。发展新质生产力，培育新产业是重点任务。在今年参加十四届全国人大三次会议江苏代表团审议时，总书记进一步指出：“科技创新和产业创新，是发展新质生产力的基本路径。”目前，我国基本构建了规模大、体系全、竞争力较强的产业体系，但一些产业“大而不强”“全而不优”的问题依然存在。围绕发展新质生产力布局产业链，完善现代化产业体系是客观所需。

Strategic emerging industries and future industries are the main battlegrounds for developing new quality productive forces. It is necessary to integrate scientific and technological innovation resources, lead and develop strategic emerging industries and future industries, actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, and electronic information, actively cultivate future industries, and enhance new drivers of development. Aim at the world’s frontiers of energy science and technology, focus on key energy fields and major demands, rationally choose technological routes, leverage the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources, strengthen joint research on core technologies in key areas, intensify the transformation and application of scientific research achievements, and cultivate energy technology and its related industries into new growth points that drive the upgrading of China’s industries. Traditional industries can also become new quality productive forces through transformation and upgrading. Enable digital-intelligent technology and green technology to be more widely applied, promote industries to move towards the mid-to-high end, and accelerate the “speed” of replacing old drivers with new ones. Promote industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation, especially using disruptive technologies and frontier technologies to give rise to new industries, new models, and new drivers, timely apply scientific and technological innovation achievements to specific industries and industrial chains, transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries, lay out and build future industries, and improve the modern industrial system.

战略性新兴产业、未来产业是发展新质生产力的主阵地。需要整合科技创新资源，引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业，积极培育新能源、新材料、先进制造、电子信息等战略性新兴产业，积极培育未来产业，增强发展新动能。瞄准世界能源科技前沿，聚焦能源关键领域和重大需求，合理选择技术路线，发挥新型举国体制优势，加强关键核心技术联合攻关，强化科研成果转化运用，把能源技术及其关联产业培育成带动我国产业升级的新增长点。传统产业通过转型升级，也能成为新质生产力。让数智技术、绿色技术得到更广泛应用，推动产业向中高端迈进，跑出新旧动能转换“加速度”。以科技创新推动产业创新，特别是以颠覆性技术和前沿技术催生新产业、新模式、新动能，及时将科技创新成果应用到具体产业和产业链上，改造提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业，布局建设未来产业，完善现代化产业体系。

Developing new quality productive forces requires scientific policy implementation and adaptation to local conditions. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Developing new quality productive forces does not mean neglecting or abandoning traditional industries; we must prevent a rush into action and bubble formation, nor should we adopt a single model. All localities must proceed from reality, establish the new before abolishing the old, adapt to local conditions, and provide classified guidance. Based on local resource endowments, industrial foundations, and scientific research conditions, selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new drivers, use new technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries, and actively promote industries towards high-end, intelligent, and green development.” [8] This profoundly elucidates the key issues in developing new quality productive forces and further clarifies the practical path for accelerating the transformation, upgrading, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement of traditional industries in balancing new quality productive forces with traditional productive forces.

发展新质生产力要科学施策、因地制宜。习近平总书记强调：“发展新质生产力不是忽视、放弃传统产业，要防止一哄而上、泡沫化，也不要搞一种模式。各地要坚持从实际出发，先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导，根据本地的资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件等，有选择地推动新产业、新模式、新动能发展，用新技术改造提升传统产业，积极促进产业高端化、智能化、绿色化。”这深刻阐明了发展新质生产力的关键问题，进一步明晰了在平衡新质生产力与传统生产力的关系中，加快传统产业转型升级和提质增效的实践路径。

Implement and carry out the methodology of “adapting to local conditions” pointed out by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and continuously deepen the theoretical understanding and practical exploration of new quality productive forces. On the one hand, new quality productive forces and traditional industries are not in an oppositional relationship; the key is to use new technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries, actively promote industries towards high-end, intelligent, and green development, and coordinate the advancement of traditional industry upgrading, emerging industry growth, and future industry cultivation. Developing new quality productive forces does not mean rejecting or phasing out traditional industries; it cannot be one-sidedly understood as “replacing the old with the new,” concentrating resources absolutely on strategic emerging industries and future industries while neglecting the development of traditional industries. Taking China’s industry as an example, traditional industries currently still account for about 80% of the added value of industries above the designated size nationwide. [9] The stable development of traditional industries plays an irreplaceable role in stabilizing employment, stabilizing growth, and even ensuring industrial security. It is necessary to establish the new before abolishing the old, adapt to local conditions, and provide classified guidance, accelerate the enhancement of scientific and technological innovation capabilities and the application of scientific and technological innovation achievements, inject new technological genes into traditional industries, replace backward technologies in traditional industries with emerging technologies, promote the digital upgrading and green transformation of traditional industries, selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new drivers, and cultivate the formation of new quality productive forces. On the other hand, developing new quality productive forces must seek truth from facts, adapt to local conditions, and be closely combined with local resource endowments, industrial foundations, and scientific research conditions. The resource endowments and development levels of different localities vary greatly, as do the key points and difficulties of development, and the development of new quality productive forces will also present different regional characteristics. Accelerating the cultivation and formation of new quality productive forces is rich in connotation and involves multiple aspects; strategic emerging industries and future industries are only one part, also including the transformation of traditional industries towards high-end, intelligent, and green development. It is absolutely necessary not to deviate from the principle of seeking truth from facts and adapting to local conditions, rush into action, and forcibly promote the development of emerging industries and future industries. Instead, it is necessary to make scientific judgments on industrial development based on local actual conditions and explore new paths that leverage local advantages and enhance local characteristics.

贯彻落实好习近平总书记指出的“因地制宜”这一方法论，不断深化对新质生产力的理论认识和实践探索。一方面，新质生产力与传统产业不是对立关系，关键是要用新技术改造提升传统产业，积极促进产业高端化、智能化、绿色化，统筹推进传统产业升级、新兴产业壮大、未来产业培育。发展新质生产力并不意味着排斥、清退传统产业，不能片面理解为“以新汰旧”，将资源绝对向战略性新兴产业和未来产业集中，从而轻视传统产业的发展。以我国工业为例，目前传统产业仍约占全国规模以上工业增加值的80%。传统产业的平稳发展，对于稳就业、稳增长乃至确保产业安全等方面都具有不可替代的作用。要先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导，加快提升科技创新能力和科技创新成果应用，为传统产业注入新的科技基因，以新兴技术替代传统产业的落后技术，促进传统产业数字化升级和绿色转型，有选择地推动新产业、新模式、新动能发展，培育形成新质生产力。另一方面，发展新质生产力必须实事求是、因地制宜，紧密结合本地资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件等开展。各地资源禀赋和发展水平千差万别，发展重点难点也不尽相同，发展新质生产力也会呈现不同的区域特征。加快培育形成新质生产力内涵丰富，涉及多方面的内容，战略性新兴产业和未来产业只是其中之一，还包括传统产业高端化、智能化、绿色化转型等内容。绝不能脱离实事求是、因地制宜原则，一哄而上，强行推动新兴产业和未来产业发展，而是需要结合本地实际情况对产业发展作出科学研判，探索出发挥本地优势、提升本地特色的新路子。

Form relations of production that are more compatible with the requirements of developing new quality productive forces. The *Decision* [10] proposes improving relevant rules and policies to accelerate the formation of relations of production more compatible with new quality productive forces. This clarifies the relationship between developing new quality productive forces and further comprehensively deepening reform. The *Decision* makes important arrangements for improving the systems and mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development and promoting the development of new quality productive forces, proposing to improve the systems and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, promote the concentration of various advanced production factors towards the development of new quality productive forces, and significantly increase total factor productivity. Deepen reforms of the economic system, science and technology system, etc., focus on unblocking the blockages and bottlenecks that constrain the development of new quality productive forces, establish a high-standard market system, innovate the allocation methods of production factors, and enable various advanced and high-quality production factors to flow smoothly towards the development of new quality productive forces. Expand high-standard opening up, and create a favorable international environment for the development of new quality productive forces. According to the requirements of developing new quality productive forces, smooth the virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talent, and improve the working mechanism for talent cultivation, introduction, use, and reasonable flow. In short, by further comprehensively deepening reform to unblock blockages and bottlenecks, and by constructing more compatible relations of production through institutional innovation, we will surely effectively remove the constraints and obstacles to the development of new quality productive forces, enable innovation and creation to emerge in an endless stream, and promote new quality productive forces to unleash their surging momentum.

形成与新质生产力发展要求更相适应的生产关系。《决定》提出，健全相关规则和政策，加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系。阐明了发展新质生产力同进一步全面深化改革的关系。《决定》对健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制、促进新质生产力发展作出重要部署，提出健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚，大幅提升全要素生产率。深化经济体制、科技体制等改革，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，建立高标准市场体系，创新生产要素配置方式，让各类先进优质生产要素向发展新质生产力顺畅流动。扩大高水平对外开放，为发展新质生产力营造良好国际环境。按照发展新质生产力要求，畅通教育、科技、人才的良性循环，完善人才培养、引进、使用、合理流动的工作机制。总之，以进一步全面深化改革打通堵点卡点，以制度创新构建更相适应的生产关系，必将有效破除新质生产力发展的束缚和障碍，让创新创造源源不断涌现，促进新质生产力发挥其澎湃动能。

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆