The Key Driving Force for Opening Up a New Realm of Governance

The continuous progress and self-improvement of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics require that all fields continuously break down institutional and mechanistic obstacles and activate the momentum of innovative development in the course of comprehensively deepening reform, so as to advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity through extensive and profound revolutions. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized “profound revolution” in connection with a series of major strategic deployments. These important expositions both adhere to the basic principles of Marxism and closely integrate the vivid practice of the New Era, providing fundamental guidance for solving development difficulties and enhancing institutional vitality.

中国特色社会主义制度的与时俱进和自我完善，需要各领域在全面深化改革中不断破除体制机制障碍、激活创新发展动能，以广泛而深刻的革命推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕一系列重大战略部署，多次强调“深刻革命”。这些重要论述既坚守马克思主义基本原理，又紧密结合新时代的生动实践，为破解发展难题、增强制度活力提供了根本遵循。

On December 31, 2012, during the second collective study session of the 18th Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that reform and opening up is a profound revolution and must adhere to the correct direction and advance along the correct path. Reform and opening up is the key move that determines the fate of contemporary China and the only path for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Positioning reform and opening up as a “profound revolution” is both the Party’s scientific judgment of the historical orientation of reform and opening up and the action guide for comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era. Since reform and opening up, our Party has adhered to emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, based itself on the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism, and organically integrated the basic socialist economic system with the market economy system. This has both consolidated the foundation of the socialist system and stimulated the vitality of various types of business entities, achieving historic progress in productive forces. From the pilot implementation of special economic zones to the institutional integration and innovation of the pilot free trade zones, from the breakthrough of the dual-track price system to the deepening of market-oriented reform of factors of production, this “profound revolution” has driven China’s historic leap from a planned economy to a market economy and from a closed and semi-closed state to high-level opening up to the outside world. Reform and opening up has no end point, only a continuous process. The world is undergoing changes unseen in a century, accelerating in evolution, and new problems and new challenges emerge endlessly. This requires us to continue pushing the profound revolution in all fields to a deeper level in accordance with the strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee to further comprehensively deepen reform.

2012年12月31日，习近平总书记在十八届中央政治局第二次集体学习时强调，改革开放是一场深刻革命，必须坚持正确方向，沿着正确道路推进。改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键一招，是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路。将改革开放定位为“深刻革命”，既是党对改革开放历史方位的科学判断，也是新时代全面深化改革的行动指南。改革开放以来，我们党坚持解放思想、实事求是，立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情，把社会主义基本经济制度与市场经济体制有机结合，既夯实了社会主义制度根基，又激发了各类经营主体活力，实现了生产力的历史性进步。从经济特区先行先试到自贸试验区建设制度集成创新，从价格双轨制突破到深化要素市场化改革，这场“深刻革命”推动中国实现了从计划经济到市场经济、从封闭半封闭到高水平对外开放的历史性跨越。改革开放只有进行时，没有完成时。世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，新问题、新挑战层出不穷，这就要求我们按照党中央关于进一步全面深化改革的战略部署，持续将各领域的深刻革命推向纵深。

On March 1, 2013, at the celebration of the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Central Party School and the opening ceremony of the 2013 spring semester, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that at the beginning of reform and opening up, the Party Central Committee stressed that realizing the Four Modernizations [1]1 The Four Modernizations (四个现代化) refers to the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology, a strategic goal first proposed by Zhou Enlai in 1964 and formally adopted at the Fourth National People’s Congress in 1975. was a profound and great revolution. In this great revolution, we advance by continuously resolving new contradictions. Therefore, all comrades in the Party must be good at learning and must learn anew. From the “Four Modernizations” to “Chinese-path modernization,” this is a step-by-step exploration of the goals of the essence of socialism, and even more so a relay race of profound revolution carried forward by successive generations in a single continuous line. In this profound revolution, leading cadres shoulder the major responsibilities of guiding the direction, coordinating the overall situation, and promoting implementation. Faced with new situations, new problems, and new contradictions, leading cadres can only enhance the scientific, forward-looking, and proactive nature of their work through strengthening learning; only then can their leadership and decision-making reflect the characteristics of the times, grasp the laws, and be rich in creativity; only then can they overcome the problems of insufficient ability, panic about ability, and lagging ability. For leading cadres to strengthen learning, they must correct their attitude, treat learning as a pursuit, a hobby, and a healthy lifestyle, and be fond of and enjoy learning; the content of learning must take Marxism as the guide and cover all aspects of knowledge, including the Party’s line, principles, and policies, as well as national laws and regulations; the method of learning must integrate theory with practice, learn with problems in mind, learn by doing and do by learning, and apply what is learned. The Chinese Communists have come this far by relying on learning, and they must necessarily rely on learning to move toward the future.

2013年3月1日，习近平总书记在中央党校建校80周年庆祝大会暨2013年春季学期开学典礼上强调，改革开放伊始，党中央就强调，实现四个现代化是一场深刻的伟大的革命。在这场伟大的革命中，我们是在不断地解决新的矛盾中前进的。因此，全党同志一定要善于学习，善于重新学习。从“四个现代化”到“中国式现代化”是社会主义本质的阶梯式目标探索，更是一场前赴后继、一脉相承的深刻革命接力赛。在这场深刻革命中，领导干部肩负着引领方向、统筹全局、推动落实等重大责任。面对新情况新问题新矛盾，领导干部唯有加强学习，才能增强工作的科学性、预见性、主动性，才能使领导和决策体现时代性、把握规律性、富于创造性，才能克服本领不足、本领恐慌、本领落后的问题。领导干部加强学习，要端正态度，把学习作为一种追求、一种爱好、一种健康的生活方式，做到好学乐学；学习内容要以马克思主义为指引，涵盖党的路线方针政策、国家法律法规等各方面知识；学习方法要理论联系实际，带着问题学，做到干中学、学中干，学以致用。中国共产党人依靠学习走到今天，也必然要依靠学习走向未来。

On May 26, 2017, while presiding over the 41st collective study session of the 18th Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that promoting the formation of a green development mode and green lifestyle is an inevitable requirement for implementing the new development concept and is a profound revolution in the development concept. On June 23 of the same year, during an inspection tour in Shanxi Province, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that adhering to green development is a profound revolution in the development concept. Ecological progress is a fundamental plan concerning the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and promoting the green transformation of the development mode and lifestyle is a strategic choice made by the Party Central Committee to coordinate the advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan. Ecological and environmental problems are, in the final analysis, problems of the development mode and lifestyle. It is necessary to achieve a fundamental transformation of the development mode by building an industrial structure with high technological content, low resource consumption, and minimal environmental pollution, and to promote an overall leap in the form of human civilization by advocating a simple, moderate, green, and low-carbon lifestyle. Green is the distinctive background of high-quality development, and new quality productive forces are themselves green productive forces. Green development is by no means a simple fine-tuning of the development model but a fundamental revolution against the traditional development concept. On the new journey, it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between economic development and ecological environmental protection, firmly establish the concept that “protecting the ecological environment is protecting productive forces, and improving the ecological environment is developing productive forces,” actively seize the opportunities presented by new quality productive forces, and coordinately promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth. In the production sphere, it is necessary to continuously promote breakthroughs in green technology, accelerate the green transformation of traditional industries, and cultivate and strengthen emerging industries; in the living sphere, it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education, enhance the public’s awareness of conservation and environmental protection, and make the green lifestyle a conscious social action, thereby laying a solid foundation for building a modernization in which humanity and nature coexist harmoniously.

2017年5月26日，习近平总书记在主持十八届中央政治局第四十一次集体学习时强调，推动形成绿色发展方式和生活方式是贯彻新发展理念的必然要求，是发展观的一场深刻革命。同年6月23日，习近平总书记在山西考察时强调，坚持绿色发展是发展观的一场深刻革命。生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计，推动发展方式和生活方式绿色转型是党中央统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局的战略性选择。生态环境问题归根到底是发展方式和生活方式问题，必须通过构建科技含量高、资源消耗低、环境污染少的产业结构实现发展方式的根本转型，通过倡导简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式推动人类文明形态的整体跃升。绿色是高质量发展的鲜明底色，新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力。绿色发展绝非简单的发展模式微调，而是对传统发展观的根本性革命。新征程上，必须正确处理好经济发展同生态环境保护的关系，牢固树立“保护生态环境就是保护生产力、改善生态环境就是发展生产力”的理念，积极把握新质生产力发展机遇，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长。生产领域要持续推动绿色技术突破，加速传统产业绿色化改造，培育壮大新兴产业；生活领域要强化宣传教育，增强全民节约环保意识，让绿色生活方式成为社会行动自觉，为建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化奠定坚实基础。

On July 19, 2017, at the 37th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that promoting the green development of agriculture is a profound revolution in the agricultural development concept and also the main direction of agricultural supply-side structural reform. The green development of agriculture is the only path to building a strong agricultural country. Deepening agricultural supply-side structural reform requires coordinating the relationship between agricultural production and ecological environmental protection, and promoting the formation of an agricultural development pattern that matches the carrying capacity of resources and the environment and is coordinated with production, living, and ecology. The core of promoting the green development of agriculture lies in breaking the traditional path of agricultural development and achieving a transformation of agricultural development from the pursuit of output to the coordinated development of quality, efficiency, and ecology, reflecting a fundamental change in China’s agricultural development mode. Positioning the green development of agriculture as a “profound revolution” in the agricultural development concept reflects the deepening practice of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization in the fields of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. By establishing an ecological compensation mechanism and improving the standard system for the entire green agricultural industry chain, a modern agricultural institutional system characterized by “resource conservation, environmental friendliness, and ecological conservation” is gradually being built, consolidating the institutional foundation for high-quality agricultural development. At present, it is necessary to take the deepening of the reform of the rural management system as the guide, strengthen key technological breakthroughs in areas such as biological breeding and smart agriculture, promote the deep integration of digital technologies such as big data and the Internet of Things with the entire green agricultural industry chain, and build a modern agricultural development system combining scientific and technological support, institutional guarantees, and market-driven mechanisms.

2017年7月19日，习近平总书记在中央全面深化改革领导小组第三十七次会议上强调，推进农业绿色发展是农业发展观的一场深刻革命，也是农业供给侧结构性改革的主攻方向。农业绿色发展是建设农业强国的必由之路。深化农业供给侧结构性改革，要统筹好农业生产与生态环境保护的关系，推动形成同资源环境承载力相匹配、同生产生活生态相协调的农业发展格局。推进农业绿色发展，核心在于打破传统农业发展路径，实现农业发展从追求产量向质量、效益、生态协同发展转变，体现出我国农业发展方式的根本性转变。将农业绿色发展定位为农业发展观的“深刻革命”，体现了习近平生态文明思想在“三农”领域的深化实践。通过建立生态补偿机制，完善农业绿色全产业链标准体系，逐步构建起“资源节约、环境友好、生态保育”的现代农业制度体系，筑牢农业高质量发展制度根基。当前，需以深化农村经营体制改革为引领，强化生物育种、智慧农业等关键技术攻关，推动大数据、物联网等数字技术与农业绿色全产业链深度融合，构建科技支撑、制度保障、市场驱动相结合的现代农业发展体系。

On October 16, 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized in his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC that law-based governance in all respects is a profound revolution in national governance, concerning the Party’s governance and rejuvenation of the country, the happiness and well-being of the people, and the long-term stability and security of the Party and the state. “Law is the foundation of governance.” [2] When the rule of law flourishes, the nation flourishes; when the rule of law declines, the nation falls into chaos. Since the founding of New

2022年10月16日，习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中强调，全面依法治国是国家治理的一场深刻革命，关系党执政兴国，关系人民幸福安康，关系党和国家长治久安。“法者，治之端也。”法治兴则国家兴，法治衰则国家乱。新中国成立以来，从社会主义法制建设的初步探索，到改革开放后依法治国方略确立，再到新时代全面依法治国纵深推进，法治始终与党和国家事业同频共振。从“法制”到“法治”反映了国家治理的深刻革命，更突出法律在国家治理中的权威性和全面性。党的十八届四中全会明确了建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家的总目标，反映了我国以法治方式推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的坚定决心，推动我国法治建设进入全新阶段。新发展阶段，面对复杂国际局势与国内改革发展稳定任务，全面依法治国成为破解重大难题、维护公平正义、筑牢长治久安的根本之策。全面推进依法治国，要以习近平法治思想为指引，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一。全面推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法。以法治凝聚改革共识、规范发展行为、化解矛盾冲突，发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供稳定、公平、透明的法治环境。

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心