Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively and Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization with Scientific Methods

“Everything must have its method before it can be accomplished.” [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held in November 2013 and is widely seen as the launch point for Xi Jinping's comprehensive deepening reform agenda. Mastering and applying scientific methods has been an important reason and valuable experience for our Party’s continuous progress from victory to victory over the past century. Method, in the philosophical sense, is the tool, means, and procedure adopted by the subject to understand and transform the object, and is the subject’s conscious application of the object’s essence and laws. With a scientific method, success comes naturally, even with half the effort; with an incorrect method, the result is half the effort with twice the result, or even total failure.

“事必有法，然后可成。”掌握和运用科学方法，是我们党百余年来不断从胜利走向胜利的重要原因和宝贵经验。所谓方法，在哲学意义上，就是主体认识和改造客体所采用的工具、手段和程序，是主体对客体本质和规律的自觉运用。方法科学，则水到渠成甚至事半功倍；方法不对头，则事倍功半甚至一败涂地。

Since the 18th National Congress of the

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记始终坚持运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观方法论观察世界、引领时代、指导实践，形成了丰富、全面、系统的改革方法论，推动改革开放向纵深发展，推动新时代党和国家各项事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。党的二十届三中全会强调，坚持系统观念，处理好经济和社会、政府和市场、效率和公平、活力和秩序、发展和安全等重大关系，增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性。在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专题研讨班开班式上发表的重要讲话中，习近平总书记进一步指出，改革是一项系统工程，需要处理好方方面面的关系，需要讲求科学方法。习近平总书记深刻阐明需要处理好四对关系，即坚持改革和法治相统一、坚持破和立的辩证统一、坚持改革和开放相统一、处理好部署和落实的关系。这些重要论述为我们把进一步全面深化改革的战略部署转化为推进中国式现代化的强大力量提供了方法指导、实践指南。掌握和运用科学方法，是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的重要保证，是党员、干部的基本功和必修课。

I. Upholding the Unity of Reform and the Rule of Law, Perfecting the Rule of Law through the Force of Reform, and Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively on the Track of the Rule of Law

一、坚持改革和法治相统一，以改革之力完善法治，在法治轨道上进一步全面深化改革

"Law is the foundation of governance." [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held in November 2013 and is widely seen as the launch point for Xi Jinping's comprehensive deepening reform agenda. Throughout history, the rule of law has been an indispensable means of governing the country. When the rule of law flourishes, the country prospers; when the rule of law declines, the country falls into chaos

“法者，治之端也。”古往今来，法治是治国理政不可或缺的重要手段。法治兴则国家兴，法治衰则国家乱。习近平总书记深刻指出，要坚持改革和法治相统一，以改革之力完善法治，进一步深化法治领域改革，不断完善中国特色社会主义法治体系。进一步拓展法治工作空间，更好发挥法治在排除改革阻力、巩固改革成果中的积极作用。善于运用法治思维和法治方式推进改革，维护法治权威，做到重大改革于法有据。坚持法律面前人人平等，平等保护全体公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益，不能搞选择性执法，更不能搞法外开恩。“理国要道，在于公平正直。”我国改革开放的实践表明，法治的实现离不开改革的推动，改革的深化也必然要求法治的保障。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has planned from an overall and strategic height, vigorously promoted comprehensive and deepening reform, and comprehensively advanced law-based governance. Reform and the rule of law have always spurred each other on and resonated at the same frequency. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee [n1] took comprehensive deepening of reform as its theme and adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform"; the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee took comprehensively advancing law-based governance as its theme and adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Advancing Law-Based Governance." Reform and opening up is a profound social revolution. In upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, the fundamental driving force remains comprehensively deepening reform. Comprehensively advancing law-based governance is a major strategic issue concerning the Party's governance and rejuvenation of the country, concerning the people's happiness and well-being, and concerning the long-term stability and security of the Party and the state. It is an important aspect of improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Reform and the rule of law are like the two wings of a bird and the two wheels of a cart; they complement each other, arise together, promote each other, and bring out the best in each other.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从全局和战略高度谋划，大力推进全面深化改革，全面推进依法治国，改革和法治始终相互砥砺、同频共振。党的十八届三中全会以全面深化改革为主题，通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》；党的十八届四中全会以全面推进依法治国为主题，通过了《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》。改革开放是一场深刻的社会革命。新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，根本动力仍然是全面深化改革。全面依法治国是关系我们党执政兴国、关系人民幸福安康、关系党和国家长治久安的重大战略问题，是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要方面。改革和法治如鸟之两翼、车之两轮，二者相辅相成、相伴而生，相互促进、相得益彰。

Only with good laws can good governance be promoted. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, reform has presented a favorable situation of comprehensive exertion, breakthroughs at multiple points, steady and rapid progress, and deep advancement. At the same time, we have insisted on perfecting the rule of law amidst reform, with the pace of national legislation becoming faster and demands higher. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee deployed "improving the mechanisms for legislative drafting, demonstration, coordination, and review"; the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee deployed "perfecting the legislative system and mechanisms"; the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee deployed "deepening reform in the legislative field," and so on. From compiling the "Civil Code of the People's Republic of China," the first law named with the word "code" since the founding of New China, to amending the Environmental Protection Law to tighten the legal net for ecological protection, and further to revising the Company Law to perfect the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is becoming increasingly complete. Actively playing the role of the rule of law in guiding, promoting, regulating, and safeguarding reform, and being adept at using legal thinking and legal methods to solve reform difficulties and consolidate reform achievements, the prominent effectiveness of comprehensively advancing law-based governance is fully demonstrated.

有良法，方能促善治。党的十八届三中全会以来，改革呈现全面发力、多点突破、蹄疾步稳、纵深推进的良好局面。同时，我们坚持在改革中完善法治，国家立法节奏更快、要求更高。党的十八届三中全会部署“健全立法起草、论证、协调、审议机制”，党的十八届四中全会部署“完善立法体制机制”，党的二十届三中全会部署“深化立法领域改革”，等等。从编纂新中国成立以来第一部以“法典”命名的法律《中华人民共和国民法典》，到修改环境保护法，织密生态保护法网，再到修订公司法、完善中国特色现代企业制度等，中国特色社会主义法律体系日臻完善，积极发挥法治引导、推动、规范、保障改革的作用，善于运用法治思维和法治方式破解改革难题、巩固改革成果，全面依法治国的突出成效充分彰显。

To adhere to the unity of reform and the rule of law, and to ensure that reform and the rule of law advance together like two wings and two wheels, we must firmly uphold the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and adhere to serving the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. We must further comprehensively deepen reform on the track of the rule of law, better transform China's institutional advantages into governance effectiveness, continuously promote the in-depth development of comprehensive deepening of reform, and continuously promote the steady and long-term progress of Chinese-path modernization. Under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, we must give full play to the guiding, promoting, regulating, and safeguarding role of the rule of law in reform, ensuring that reform breaks new ground under the rule of law and advances on the track of the rule of law. Relying on the rule of law, the "greatest common divisor" of the whole society, to coordinate social forces, balance social interests, regulate social relations, and standardize social behavior, we enhance the execution and penetration of reform, ensuring that society is both vibrant and orderly amidst deepening reform. We advance the rule of law within the overall framework of comprehensively deepening reform, insist on combining crossing the river by feeling the stones with strengthening top-level design, and coordinately advance reforms in legislation, law enforcement, judiciary, and law-abiding. At the same time, we integrate the rule of law serving reforms in other fields with the reform of the rule of law itself, achieving mutual coordination of reform measures and consistency of policy orientations, better solving reform difficulties, and consolidating the rule of law foundation of "China's governance."

坚持改革和法治相统一，坚持改革和法治两翼齐飞、双轮驱动，必须牢牢坚持党中央集中统一领导，坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，坚持服务全面建设社会主义现代化国家，在法治轨道上进一步全面深化改革，更好把我国制度优势转化为治理效能，不断推动全面深化改革向纵深发展，不断推动中国式现代化行稳致远。在党中央集中统一领导下，充分发挥法治对改革的引导、推动、规范、保障作用，确保改革在法治下破题、在法治轨道上推进。依靠法治这个全社会的“最大公约数”统筹社会力量、平衡社会利益、调节社会关系、规范社会行为，增强改革的执行力和穿透力，确保社会在深化改革中既生机勃勃又井然有序。把法治置于全面深化改革的总体框架内推进，坚持摸着石头过河和加强顶层设计相结合，协同推进立法、执法、司法、守法各环节改革，同时把法治服务其他领域改革和法治自身改革贯通起来，实现改革举措相互配合、政策取向协同一致，更好破解改革难题，夯实“中国之治”的法治根基。

II. Adhere to the Dialectical Unity of Breaking and Establishing, Undertake Both Breaking and Establishing, Prioritize Establishing Before Breaking, and Achieve Steady and Rapid Reform Progress in the Unity of Breaking and Establishing

二、坚持破和立的辩证统一，破立并举、先立后破，在破立统一中实现改革蹄疾步稳

"Breaking" and "establishing" are an important pair of relationships in materialist dialectics. Materialist dialectics holds that the development of things is a process of contradictory movement in which various factors in the old and new things contend and wax and wane. In the cycle of breaking and establishing, things continuously move forward. "Breaking" and "establishing" are also categories in fine traditional Chinese culture that describe the state of development of things. "Breaking" represents abolition and transformation, which is the critique and negation of old ideas, systems, or institutions; "establishing" represents construction and consolidation, which refers to finding new ideas, establishing new systems, and forming new mechanisms in the continuous exploration of social practice. This is the development path of "abolishing the old and establishing the new." [n2] Reform involves both breaking and establishing; the key lies in mastering the method. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we must adhere to the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing, undertake both breaking and establishing, prioritize establishing before breaking, actively and proactively establish what should be established, and ensure it is established firmly, stably, workable, and truly effective; what should be broken must be broken in a timely, resolute, and thorough manner on the basis of what has been established, achieving steady and rapid reform progress in the unity of breaking and establishing. Practice has fully proven that "undertaking both breaking and establishing, prioritizing establishing before breaking" is an important method for advancing reform, and it is also a successful experience for China in achieving the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability.

“破”和“立”，是唯物辩证法的一对重要关系。唯物辩证法认为，事物的发展是新旧事物中各种因素相互较量、此消彼长的矛盾运动过程，在破与立的循环往复中，事物不断向前发展。“破”和“立”，也是中华优秀传统文化中描述事物发展状态的范畴。“破”代表着破除与变革，是对旧有思想观念、体系或制度的批判和否定；“立”代表着建立与巩固，是指在社会实践的不断探索中寻找新思路、确立新制度、形成新机制。这是“革故鼎新”的发展之道。改革有破有立，要在得其法。习近平总书记指出，要坚持破和立的辩证统一，破立并举、先立后破，该立的积极主动立起来，而且要立得稳、立得住，行得通、真管用；该破的在立的基础上及时破、坚决破、彻底破，在破立统一中实现改革蹄疾步稳。实践充分证明，“破立并举、先立后破”是推进改革的重要方法，也是我国实现经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹的成功经验。

At the two sessions in 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping, when participating in the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation at the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, profoundly pointed out, “One must first establish the new before abolishing the old, and must not abolish the old before the new is established,” and “one must not first throw away the tool in hand for eating, only to find that the new tool for eating has not yet been obtained.” [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held in November 2013 and is widely seen as the launch point for Xi Jinping's comprehensive deepening reform agenda. In his important speech at the opening ceremony of a special研讨班 for principal leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial level on studying and implementing the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, he further emphasized, “One must not abolish the old before the new is established, leaving an institutional vacuum that leaves people at a loss and causes disorder and chaos.” [2]2 "Abolishing the old and establishing the new" (革故鼎新) is a classical Chinese idiom originating from the Book of Changes (Yijing), describing the process of discarding the outdated and instituting the new. Abolishing and establishing, as forces driving things forward, are important precisely because of their dialectical unity, and difficult precisely because of that unity. Adhering to advancing reform by both abolishing and establishing, and establishing the new before abolishing the old, can better unify the intensity and pace of reform with the degree of acceptance by the masses, and better achieve progress amidst stability and promote stability through progress.

在2022年全国两会上，习近平总书记在参加十三届全国人大五次会议内蒙古代表团审议时深刻指出，“要先立后破，而不能够未立先破”，“不能把手里吃饭的家伙先扔了，结果新的吃饭家伙还没拿到手”。在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专题研讨班开班式上发表的重要讲话中，他进一步强调，“不能未立先破，留下制度真空，让人无所适从，造成无序和混乱”。破和立，作为促进事物向前发展的动力，重在辩证统一，也难在辩证统一。坚持破立并举、先立后破推进改革，才能使改革的力度、速度与人民群众的接受程度更好统一起来，更好实现稳中求进、以进促稳。

Abolishing is a means; establishing is the goal. “Abolishing” serves to better “establish.” Only when the new is firmly established can the old be well abolished. “Establishing” plays a foundational and guiding role. Since reform and opening up, a valuable experience of our Party in liberating and developing social productive forces, enabling the people to shake off poverty and become prosperous as quickly as possible, driving the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times in great strides, and providing institutional guarantees full of new vitality and material conditions for rapid development for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, has been daring to try and daring to act, and having both establishment and abolition. An extremely important piece of experience behind the major practical, institutional, and theoretical achievements of comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era is also the correct and steady handling of the dialectical relationship between abolishing and establishing. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has scientifically grasped the inherent laws of comprehensively deepening reform, strengthened top-level design and overall planning, established a new development pattern and abolished dependence on the traditional development path; established the new development philosophy and abolished the “GDP-only” mindset; established the system for integrated urban-rural development and abolished the drawbacks of the urban-rural dual structure; established new quality productive forces and abolished the weakness in original innovation capabilities... A series of measures to deepen reform have driven historic changes, systemic remodeling, and overall restructuring in many fields.

破是手段，立是目的。“破”是为了更好地“立”。立得住，才能破得好。“立”起基础性、先导性作用。改革开放以来，我们党之所以能够解放和发展社会生产力，使人民摆脱贫困、尽快富裕起来，推动党和人民事业大踏步赶上时代，为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供充满新的活力的体制保证和快速发展的物质条件，敢闯敢试、有立有破是宝贵经验。新时代全面深化改革之所以取得重大实践成果、制度成果、理论成果，非常重要的一条经验也是正确稳妥处理破和立的辩证关系。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央科学把握全面深化改革的内在规律，加强顶层设计、总体谋划，立新发展格局，破传统发展路径依赖；立新发展理念，破“唯GDP论”；立城乡融合发展之制，破城乡二元结构之弊；立新质生产力，破原始创新能力不强……一系列深化改革举措推动许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构。

Currently, comprehensively deepening reform has entered a critical period and a deep-water zone. Balancing various interests and coordinating various relationships is more difficult, and the complexity, systematicity, and arduousness of reform are greater. Further comprehensively deepening reform is a complex systemic project. Advancing reform, development, and adjusting interest relationships affects the whole if one part is touched, and it is especially necessary to use the method of “both abolishing and establishing, establishing the new before abolishing the old.” “Both abolishing and establishing, establishing the new before abolishing the old” requires coordinating the dialectical relationships between the new and the old, stability and progress, the present and the long term, the whole and the part, and the macro and the micro; grasping the timing, intensity, and effect; acting after careful planning and proceeding step by step; and using the transformative power of abolishing and establishing to drive further comprehensive deepening of reform steadily and far. This is both a correct summary of practical experience and a profound revelation of the laws of reform.

当前，全面深化改革进入攻坚期和深水区，各种利益的平衡、各种关系的协调更难，改革的复杂性、系统性、艰巨性更强。进一步全面深化改革是一项复杂的系统工程，推进改革发展、调整利益关系牵一发而动全身，尤其需要用好“破立并举、先立后破”的方法。“破立并举、先立后破”，需要统筹好新与旧、稳与进、当前与长远、全局和局部、宏观和微观的辩证关系，把握好时、度、效，谋定后动、循序渐进，以破和立的变革之力推动进一步全面深化改革行稳致远。这既是对实践经验的正确总结，也是对改革规律的深刻揭示。

Whether it is abolishing or establishing, both test the reformer’s courage to break through ideological barriers, their sense of responsibility to break through entrenched interest barriers, and their wisdom to lay foundations, build pillars, and erect frameworks. It needs to be particularly emphasized that no matter how reform is carried out, adhering to the Party’s overall leadership, adhering to Marxism, adhering to socialism with Chinese characteristics, and adhering to the people’s democratic dictatorship, with promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing the people’s welfare as the starting point and ultimate goal, are all matters that govern the fundamentals, direction, and long term. They reflect the Party’s nature and purpose, conform to China’s national conditions, and align with the people’s fundamental interests. At no time and under no circumstances can there be the slightest wavering; they must always be firmly established to ensure that reform and opening up advance in the correct direction.

无论是破还是立，都考验着改革者冲破思想观念障碍的勇气、突破利益固化藩篱的担当、夯基垒台立柱架梁的智慧。需要特别强调的是，改革无论怎么改，坚持党的全面领导、坚持马克思主义、坚持中国特色社会主义、坚持人民民主专政，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，都是管根本、管方向、管长远的，体现党的性质和宗旨，符合我国国情，符合人民根本利益，任何时候任何情况下都不能有丝毫动摇，要始终牢牢立住，确保改革开放沿着正确方向前进。

III. Adhere to the Unity of Reform and Opening Up, Coordinate the Advancement of Deepening Reform and High-Level Opening Up, and Rely on Reform and Opening Up to Enhance Endogenous Development Momentum

三、坚持改革和开放相统一，统筹推进深层次改革和高水平开放，依靠改革开放增强发展内生动力

Further comprehensively deepening reform and high-level opening up to the outside world complement and promote each other. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out that the deeper the reform, the higher the requirements for the level of opening up; the higher the level of opening up, the greater its promoting effect on reform. Practice has fully shown that promoting reform and development through opening up is an important magic weapon for China’s modernization drive to continuously achieve new successes.

进一步全面深化改革和高水平对外开放是相辅相成、相互促进的。习近平总书记深刻指出，改革越深入，对开放的水平要求就越高；开放水平越高，对改革的促进作用就越大。实践充分表明，以开放促改革、促发展，是我国现代化建设不断取得新成就的重要法宝。

“Reform inevitably requires opening up, and opening up inevitably requires reform.” General

“改革必然要求开放，开放也必然要求改革。”习近平总书记深刻阐明改革和开放的内在统一关系。开放为改革添活力，改革给开放增底气。正确把握改革和开放相统一的关系，才能赢得经济发展和国际竞争的主动。新时代全面深化改革之所以取得历史性伟大成就，改革和开放相辅相成、相互促进是重要原因。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记在引领全面深化改革向纵深推进的同时，始终强调坚定不移扩大高水平对外开放，在统筹推进深层次改革和高水平开放中不断深化新时代我们党做好经济工作的规律性认识，更好地把制度优势转化为国家治理效能，为推动高质量发展、推进中国式现代化持续注入强劲动力、指明前行方向。

Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a systematic project. Doing a better job of coordinating the advancement of deep-level reform and high-standard opening up as a major undertaking is necessary to strengthen the fundamental driving force of Chinese-path modernization and is also an inevitable requirement for high-quality development. At present, the domestic and international situation facing comprehensive deepening of reform is more complex, the adjustment of interest patterns and the transformation of institutional systems involved are more profound, and higher requirements are placed on coordinating deep-level reform and high-standard opening up. We must adhere to the organic unity of self-reliance and self-strengthening with opening up to the outside world, continuously improve the systems and mechanisms for deepening reform and expanding opening up, consciously base the development of the country and the nation on our own strength, and firmly keep the destiny of our country's development and progress in our own hands. We must adhere to the basic state policy of opening up to the outside world, adhere to promoting reform through opening up, rely on the advantages of our country's super-large market, and enhance our capacity for opening up while expanding international cooperation. We must proactively and continuously expand high-standard opening up, make good and full use of both domestic and international resources, create a better development environment, and better expand the development space for Chinese-path modernization. We must adhere to the unity of reform and opening up, steadily expand institutional opening up, actively align with high-standard international economic and trade rules, deepen the reform of the management systems for foreign trade, foreign investment, and outbound investment, and create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized first-class business environment. We must further accelerate the alignment of domestic institutional rules with international standards, promote the transformation from a flow-type opening up of goods and factors to an institutional-type opening up of rules, regulations, management, and standards, promote the building of a new system for a higher-standard open economy, and promote deep-level reform and high-quality development through high-standard opening up.

推进中国式现代化是一个系统工程，做好更大力度统筹推进深层次改革和高水平开放这篇大文章，是增强中国式现代化根本动力的需要，也是高质量发展的必然要求。当前，全面深化改革面临的国内外形势更为复杂，涉及的利益格局调整和制度体系变革更为深刻，对统筹好深层次改革和高水平开放提出更高要求。必须坚持自立自强与对外开放的有机统一，不断完善深化改革、扩大开放的体制机制，自觉把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，坚持把我国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中。坚持对外开放基本国策，坚持以开放促改革，依托我国超大规模市场优势，在扩大国际合作中提升开放能力。积极主动地持续扩大高水平对外开放，用好用足国内国际两种资源，营造更好的发展环境，更好拓展中国式现代化的发展空间。坚持改革和开放相统一，稳步扩大制度型开放，主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，深化外贸、外商投资和对外投资管理体制改革，营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境。进一步加快国内制度规则与国际接轨，推动由商品和要素流动型开放向规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放转变，推动建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，以高水平开放促进深层次改革和高质量发展。

IV. Properly Handling the Relationship Between Planning and Implementation, Acting Both as Promoters of Reform and as Doers of Reform

四、处理好部署和落实的关系，既当改革促进派，又当改革实干家

"One part planning, nine parts implementation." [3]3 A Chinese idiom emphasizing that implementation is far more important than planning. Reform requires careful planning, but even more so, it requires solid implementation. Party members and cadres must act both as promoters of reform and as doers of reform. Regarding the relationship between planning and implementation, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out that the design of reform plans must grasp objective laws, fully promote democracy, respond to social expectations, pay attention to the coordination and matching of various reform measures, enhance the consistency of the reform orientation, and prevent and overcome departmentalism. This requires that the more significant the reform measure, the higher the requirements for correlation and synergy, and the less it can be done single-handedly or by advancing alone, let alone fighting a chaotic battle or grasping everything indiscriminately. Instead, we must focus on highlighting key points and systematic integration, achieving precise, coordinated, and sustained efforts.

“一分部署，九分落实”。改革要重谋划，更要重落实。党员、干部要既当改革促进派，又当改革实干家。围绕部署和落实的关系，习近平总书记深刻指出，改革方案的设计必须把握客观规律，充分发扬民主，顺应社会期盼，注重各项改革举措的协调配套，增强改革取向的一致性，防止和克服本位主义。这就要求我们，越是重大的改革举措，对关联度、协同性的要求也就越高，越不能单打独斗、单兵突进，更不能打乱仗、眉毛胡子一把抓，而是要注重突出重点、系统集成，做到精准发力、协同发力、持续发力。

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, [4]4 Held in November 2013, this plenary session marked the launch of a new round of comprehensive deepening of reform under Xi Jinping's leadership. the reform measures deployed by successive Party congresses and plenary sessions of the Central Committee have all been accompanied by detailed implementation plans, clarifying the division of reform tasks and the forms of results, achieving a stepwise, coherent, and deeply advancing succession of reform tasks. To ensure that reform achieves tangible results, it is necessary to continuously improve the working systems, mechanisms, and methods of reform according to changes in the reform situation, tasks, and new circumstances and characteristics of reform work, and to advance reform through reform methods.

党的十八届三中全会以来，历次党代会、中央全会部署的改革举措，都详细制定实施规划，明确改革任务分工和成果形式，实现改革任务梯次接续、前后衔接、纵深推进。确保改革取得实效，必须根据改革形势任务变化和改革工作新情况新特点，不断完善改革工作体制机制和工作方式方法，以改革的办法推进改革。

The important reform measures proposed in the “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held in November 2013 and is widely seen as the launch point for Xi Jinping's comprehensive deepening reform agenda., adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, all pertain to the content of systems, mechanisms, and institutional arrangements. Some of these are improvements and upgrades to past reform measures, while others are newly proposed reform measures based on practical needs and pilot explorations. Their aim is, through further deepening reform comprehensively, to promote better alignment between relations of production and productive forces, between the superstructure and the economic base, and between national governance and social development, thereby providing strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization. These important reform measures are not meant to be shelved; they must be put into practice, implemented in detail, carried out thoroughly, and made more tangible, accessible, and feasible.

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出的重要改革举措，都是涉及体制、机制、制度层面的内容，其中有的是对过去改革举措的完善和提升，有的是根据实践需要和试点探索新提出的改革举措，旨在通过进一步全面深化改革，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。这些重要改革举措，不是用来束之高阁的，是需要付诸实践的，必须落实落细落到位，使之更加可感可及可行。

Handling the relationship between deployment and implementation requires clarifying priorities and making overall planning and systematic arrangements. To plan work closely around further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization, one must possess a problem-consciousness, adhere to a problem-oriented approach, and focus on resolving the bottlenecks and blockages that constrain the construction of a new development pattern and the promotion of high-quality development, the pain points and difficulties in the development environment and people’s livelihood, and the focal and hot issues that contradict social fairness and justice. It is also necessary to effectively prevent and defuse major risks, continuously adding momentum and vitality to economic and social development. Grasp the key points, highlight reforms of systems and mechanisms, emphasize major reforms of strategic and overall significance, underscore the leading role of economic system reform, and make the guiding role of reform prominent. Strengthen systemic integration, enhance the overall planning and systematic arrangement of reforms, and ensure that in implementation, all aspects of reform coordinate with each other and operate efficiently in synergy.

处理好部署和落实的关系，要在明确重点，做好整体谋划和系统布局。紧紧围绕进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化来谋划工作，必须具有问题意识，坚持问题导向，着力解决制约构建新发展格局和推动高质量发展的卡点堵点问题、发展环境和民生领域的痛点难点问题、有悖社会公平正义的焦点热点问题，有效防范化解重大风险，不断为经济社会发展增动力、添活力。抓住重点，突出体制机制改革，突出战略性、全局性重大改革，突出经济体制改革牵引作用，凸显改革引领作用。强化系统集成，加强对改革整体谋划、系统布局，在落实中使各方面改革相互配合、协同高效。

Handling the relationship between deployment and implementation hinges on steady and solid progress, promoting the transformation of plans and the compaction of responsibilities. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to “establish and improve a working mechanism with clear responsibilities, a complete chain, and interlocking links, strengthen follow-up and effectiveness evaluation, and ensure that reform measures are implemented in detail and carried out thoroughly.” [2]2 "Abolishing the old and establishing the new" (革故鼎新) is a classical Chinese idiom originating from the Book of Changes (Yijing), describing the process of discarding the outdated and instituting the new. Among thousands of measures, implementation comes first. The reform deployment made at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee focuses on the overall situation, grasps the general trend, plans for the whole, and reflects the direction. To transform the blueprint into an operable and executable “construction plan,” it is necessary to formulate thorough and feasible reform plans, converting the goals and tasks of various reforms into specific matters, implementable policies, and effective measures. Deeply study and analyze the actual conditions of the region and department, target the key points, identify the points of force application, make reforms more precisely align with the needs of development, the expectations of the grassroots, and the aspirations of the people, and creatively combine the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with the specific realities of the region and department, so that reforms truly take root. Improve the organizational system that connects the upper and lower levels and ensures strong execution, further perfect institutional mechanisms, clarify the division of responsibilities, compact responsibilities layer by layer, and transform reform plans into tangible reform results.

处理好部署和落实的关系，重在稳扎稳打，推动方案转化和责任压实。习近平总书记强调，要“建立健全责任明晰、链条完整、环环相扣的工作机制，强化跟踪问效，推动改革举措落实落细落到位”。措施千万条，落实第一条。党的二十届三中全会作出的改革部署着眼的是全局，把握的是大势，谋划的是整体，体现的是方向。把蓝图转变成可操作、可执行的“施工图”，需要制定周密可行的改革方案，将各项改革目标任务转化为一件件具体的事项、一项项落地的政策、一条条有效的措施。深入研究分析本地区本部门的实际情况，瞄准关键点、找准发力处，使改革更加精准地对接发展所需、基层所盼、民心所向，创造性地将党中央决策部署同本地区本部门的具体实际相结合，使改革真正落地生根。健全上下贯通、执行有力的组织体系，进一步完善制度机制，明确职责分工，层层压实责任，把改革方案转化为实实在在的改革成效。

Handling the relationship between deployment and implementation is difficult in sustaining long-term efforts, maintaining a commitment to a good start and a good finish, and achieving success through good work. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “Leading bodies at all levels must bear in mind the entrustment of the Party and the people, carry forward the spirit of ‘achievements do not necessarily have to be made by me, but achievements must necessarily include me,’ [3]3 A Chinese idiom emphasizing that implementation is far more important than planning. persist in drawing the blueprint to the end, and for existing deployments and plans, as long as they are scientific, conform to new practical requirements, and meet the wishes of the people, they must be adhered to and carried forward one batch after another.” [4]4 Held in November 2013, this plenary session marked the launch of a new round of comprehensive deepening of reform under Xi Jinping's leadership. Do practical work, adopt concrete measures, and seek actual results; there is no room for any false effort or slackness. Establish and practice a correct outlook on political performance, doing both tangible things that the people can see, touch, and benefit from, and good things that pave the way, lay the foundation, and yield long-term benefits for future generations. Do both visible achievements and behind-the-scenes work, without计较 personal fame. Adhere to the original aspiration and founding mission, maintain direction without wavering, maintain resolve without slackening, resolutely oppose formalism and bureaucracy, be willing to do groundwork, and be willing to grasp matters not yet accomplished. Foster a sense of the overall situation, resolutely prevent and overcome departmentalism, think with one mind, exert effort in one direction, ensure concerted action and form synergy. Carry forward the spirit of driving in nails, muster the political courage to tackle tough problems and face difficulties head-on, dare to gnaw on hard bones, dare to wade through dangerous shoals, advance one time node at a time, and achieve results step by step with solid footprints.

处理好部署和落实的关系，难在久久为功，保持善始善终、善作善成。习近平总书记强调，“各级领导班子要牢记党和人民嘱托，发扬‘功成不必在我、功成必定有我’的精神，坚持一张蓝图绘到底，对已有的部署和规划，只要是科学的、切合新的实践要求的、符合人民群众愿望的，就要坚持，一茬接着一茬干”。务实功、出实招、求实效，来不得半点虚功，容不得半点懈怠。树立和践行正确政绩观，既要做让老百姓看得见、摸得着、得实惠的实事，也要做为后人作铺垫、打基础、利长远的好事，既要做显功，也要做潜功，不计较个人功名。坚守初心使命，保持方向不动摇、保持定力不松劲，坚决反对形式主义、官僚主义，甘于做铺垫性的工作，甘于抓未成之事。树立大局意识，坚决防止和克服本位主义，心往一处想、劲往一处使，确保同向发力、形成合力。发扬钉钉子精神，拿出攻坚克难、迎难而上的政治勇气，敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩，一个时间节点一个时间节点往前推进，一步一个脚印抓出成效。

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆