The Cultural Path of Chinese-Path Modernization

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC pointed out that “the current and future period is a critical period for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization” and made the decision and deployment to “deepen the reform of the cultural systems and mechanisms.” Modernization has been the mode of human social development since modern times, and the international community has long been influenced by the Western capitalist modernization model. China’s modernization practice has proven that the Western modernization development model is not the only one. Chinese-path modernization is a modernization in which material civilization and cultural-ethical progress are coordinated. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a high-level modern civilizational form created by the Communist Party of China leading the entire people. It is a cultural development model different from Western modernization, achieving a transcendence of Western modernization theory and practice. It is a modernization oriented toward building a community with a shared future for mankind, possessing a distinct foundation in Chinese culture, a distinct people-centered character, and vigorous cultural vitality. This article examines the evolutionary paradigm and theoretical framework of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization from the perspectives of its internal logic, guiding principles, and development path, and provides effective construction plans.

党的二十届三中全会指出“当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期”，并作出了“深化文化体制机制改革”的决策部署。现代化是近代以来人类社会发展的模式，国际社会一直以来受到西方资本主义现代化模式影响。中国的现代化实践证明，西方现代化的发展模式并不是唯一的发展模式。中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。中国式现代化的文化道路是中国共产党领导全国人民创建的高水平的现代化文明样态，是不同于西方现代化的文化发展模式，实现了对西方现代化理论和实践的超越，是构建人类命运共同体未来指向的现代化，具有鲜明的中华文化根基、鲜明的人民性和旺盛的文化生命力。本文从内在逻辑、原则导向、发展路径思考中国式现代化文化道路的演进范式和理论框架，并提供行之有效的建设方案。

I. The Internal Logic of the Cultural Path of Chinese-Path Modernization

一、中国式现代化的文化道路的内在逻辑

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is an inevitable requirement for the continuous advancement of the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization possesses an inherent historical logic, practical logic, and institutional logic. We should base ourselves on the actual development of Chinese-path modernization, proceed from the historical process of China’s cultural construction and development, and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization in conjunction with current national policies and strategic tasks.

中国式现代化的文化道路是中国特色社会主义文化建设不断向前推进的必然要求。中国式现代化的文化道路具有内在的历史逻辑、实践逻辑和制度逻辑，我们应立足于中国式现代化的发展实际，从中国文化建设和发展的历史进程出发，结合当前的国家方针政策、战略任务对中国式现代化的文化道路进行综合分析。

(1) Historical Logic

（一）历史逻辑

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization began in modern China. After the Opium War, China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the Chinese nation suffered unprecedented calamities. Chinese society set off a massive and far-reaching cultural transformation, which gave rise to different cultural debates such as “Chinese learning as the substance, Western learning for practical use,” [1]1 “Chinese learning as the substance, Western learning for practical use” (中体西用): A slogan from the Self-Strengthening Movement (c. 1861–1895) advocating the preservation of Confucian principles while adopting Western military and industrial technology. “national essence doctrine,” [2]2 “National essence doctrine” (国粹主义): An early 20th-century intellectual movement that sought to preserve and revive traditional Chinese culture against Western influence. and “wholesale Westernization.” [3]3 “Wholesale Westernization” (全盘西化): A radical cultural stance in early 20th-century China advocating the complete adoption of Western values and institutions. When Marxism was introduced into China, a segment of advanced intellectuals saw the dawn of light. The Chinese Communists, represented by Mao Zedong, integrated Marxism with China’s reality and put forward the New Democratic cultural concept of a “national, scientific, and mass-oriented culture,” [4]4 “National, scientific, and mass-oriented culture” (民族的科学的大众的文化): Mao Zedong’s formulation for New Democratic culture, outlined in *On New Democracy* (1940), emphasizing national character, scientific rationality, and accessibility to the masses. breaking the binary logical pattern of “ancient versus modern, Chinese versus Western.” This concept possessed distinct epochal progressiveness, fundamentally resolved issues concerning the fundamental nature, leadership, and construction goals of New Democratic culture, and pointed the way forward for the development of Chinese culture. During the revolutionary war period, the CPC placed great emphasis on cultural work, treating it as the main front for ideological struggle and an important tool for mobilizing the masses. During the Yan’an period, the “two-for” direction of “insisting that literature and art serve the broad masses of the people, first and foremost the workers, peasants, and soldiers” [5]5 “Two-for” direction (二为方向): The policy of literature and art serving the people and, specifically, the workers, peasants, and soldiers, formalized at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art in 1942. was proposed, establishing the guiding position of Marxism in the cultural field and clarifying the Party’s leadership over cultural work, laying the foundation for the construction of socialist culture after the founding of New China. The cultural path of modern China advanced amidst twists and turns, explored through groping, and gradually became clear through the Party’s revolutionary struggle and cultural practice, laying a solid foundation for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization.

中国式现代化的文化道路始于中国近代。鸦片战争以后，中国沦为半殖民地半封建社会，中华民族遭受了前所未有的劫难，中国社会掀起了声势浩大、影响深远的文化变革，由此引发了“中体西用”“国粹主义”“全盘西化”等不同的文化争论。马克思主义传入中国，一部分先进的知识分子看到了黎明的曙光，以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人将马克思主义与中国实际相结合，提出了“民族的科学的大众的文化”的新民主主义文化观，打破了“古今中西”二元分裂的逻辑定势，具有鲜明的时代先进性，从根本上解决了新民主主义文化的根本性质、领导力量及建设目标等问题，为中华文化的发展指明了前进方向。在革命战争时期，中国共产党高度重视文化工作，将文化工作作为意识形态斗争的主阵地和动员群众工作的重要工具。延安时期，提出了“坚持文艺为人民大众、为工农兵服务”的“二为”方向，确立了马克思主义在文化领域的指导地位，也明确了党对文化工作的领导，为新中国成立之后的社会主义文化建设奠定基础。中国近代以来的文化道路在曲折中前进、在摸索中探寻，在党的革命斗争和文化实践中逐渐清晰，为中国式现代化的文化道路奠定了坚实基础。

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is an elevation of the socialist cultural path. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization has gone through three main stages: the exploratory period of the socialist cultural modernization path (1949–1978), the construction period (1978–2012), and the deepening period (2012 to the present). After the founding of New China, the CPC, on the basis of inheriting and developing New Democratic culture, continuously explored the socialist cultural path. At the First National People’s Congress, Comrade Mao Zedong clearly stated the goal of “building our country, which is currently backward economically and culturally, into a great country with a high degree of modernization in industry,” [6]6 Mao Zedong, speech at the First Session of the First National People’s Congress, September 15, 1954. and incorporated cultural construction into the overall layout of socialist construction. Subsequently, the Party Central Committee proposed the policy of “letting a hundred flowers bloom, letting a hundred schools of thought contend,” [7]7 “Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend” (百花齐放，百家争鸣): A policy announced in 1956 to encourage diversity in arts and sciences, later associated with the Hundred Flowers Campaign. and emphasized that this “is a policy for promoting artistic development and scientific progress, and a policy for promoting the flourishing of our socialist culture.” [8]8 Mao Zedong, *On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People* (1957). Thus began the exploration of the socialist cultural modernization path. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee [9]9 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee (1978): The landmark meeting that launched China’s reform and opening-up policy under Deng Xiaoping. opened the prelude to reform and opening up, proposing the strategic decision to shift the focus of work to socialist modernization. The Party gained new understanding of cultural construction, proposing the “two-for” direction of culture serving the people and serving socialism. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee [10]10 The Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee (2011): A meeting focused on cultural reform and development, leading to the decision cited. adopted the “Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Major Issues Concerning Deepening Cultural System Reform and Promoting the Great Development and Flourishing of Socialist Culture,” [11]11 Full title: *Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Major Issues Concerning Deepening Cultural System Reform and Promoting the Great Development and Flourishing of Socialist Culture* (2011). for the first time explicitly proposing the goal of building a socialist cultural power. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era. In his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly elucidated the status and role of culture in the new journey of the New Era, explicitly proposing the major task of “enhancing cultural confidence and self-reliance, and creating new brilliance in socialist culture.” [12]12 Xi Jinping, report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, October 16, 2022. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee further proposed the major task of “deepening the reform of cultural systems and mechanisms,” clarifying the reform path and specific measures for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization.

中国式现代化的文化道路是社会主义文化道路的跃升。中国式现代化的文化道路经历三个主要阶段，分别是社会主义文化现代化道路探索期（1949—1978年）、建设期（1978—2012年）和深化期（2012年至今）。新中国成立后，中国共产党在继承和发展新民主主义文化的基础上，不断探索社会主义文化道路。在第一届全国人民代表大会上，毛泽东同志明确提出“将我们现在这样一个经济上文化上落后的国家，建设成为一个工业化的具有高度现代化程度的伟大的国家”，并将文化建设纳入社会主义建设的总体布局中。随后党中央提出“百花齐放，百家争鸣”的方针，并强调这“是促进艺术发展和科学进步的方针，是促进我国的社会主义文化繁荣的方针”。由此，开启了社会主义文化现代化道路的探索。党的十一届三中全会拉开了改革开放的序幕，提出将工作重点转移到社会主义现代化建设上来的战略决策；党对文化建设有了新的认识，提出文化为人民服务、为社会主义服务的“二为”方向。党的十七届六中全会通过了《中共中央关于深化文化体制改革推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣若干重大问题的决定》，第一次明确提出了建设社会主义文化强国的目标。党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中深刻阐明了文化在新时代新征程中的地位作用，明确提出“推进文化自信自强，铸就社会主义文化新辉煌”的重大任务。党的二十届三中全会进一步提出“深化文化体制机制改革”重大任务，为中国式现代化的文化道路明确了改革路径和具体措施。

(2) Practical Logic

（二）实践逻辑

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a path that germinated, gestated, and grew in the practice of building socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. “The real content of all epoch-making systems arises from the needs of the period that produced them.” [13]13 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The German Ideology* (1845–1846). The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is rooted in the great practice of building socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. It is the collective wisdom of the cultural practice of Chinese Communists in the New Era, and a theoretical and practical system created and continuously improved by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in response to the demands of the times for a new cultural mission. Therefore, the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization continuously develops forward in practice, manifesting a profound practical logic.

中国式现代化的文化道路是在新时代中国特色社会主义文化建设的实践中萌发、孕育和成长的道路。“一切划时代的体系的真正的内容都是由于产生这些体系的那个时期的需要而形成起来的。”中国式现代化的文化道路立足于新时代中国特色社会主义文化建设的伟大实践，是新时代中国共产党人文化实践的集体智慧，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央回应新的文化使命的时代诉求而创立并不断完善的理论和实践体系。因此，中国式现代化的文化道路是在实践中不断向前发展的，彰显着深刻的实践逻辑。

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a process in which our Party continuously deepens its scientific understanding of the laws governing cultural development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments in the governance practice of cultural development. These include both innovations and breakthroughs in cultural theoretical viewpoints and deployments and requirements in the layout of cultural work. In 2014, while presiding over the 13th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly called for “strengthening cultural confidence and confidence in values.” At the conference celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “cultural confidence is a more fundamental, broader, and deeper confidence.” In 2017, the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC put forward the major proposition of a “new cultural mission,” stressing that “contemporary Chinese Communists and the Chinese people should and certainly can take on a new cultural mission, carry out cultural creation in practical creation, and achieve cultural progress in historical progress.” In 2018, at the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideology, and Cultural Work, General Secretary Xi Jinping reviewed the historic achievements and historic transformations in propaganda, ideology, and cultural work since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, systematically summarized the theoretical innovations nurtured in practice, and encapsulated them as the “Nine Persistences.” In 2020, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC attached great importance to cultural development, planning and designing it from a strategic and overall perspective, and for the first time explicitly set a specific timetable for building China into a culturally strong country by 2035. In 2021, at the conference celebrating the centenary of the founding of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly put forward the important thesis of the “Two Integrations,” and in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, he systematically expounded the scientific connotation and fundamental requirements of the “Two Integrations.” In 2023, at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development, General Secretary Xi Jinping summarized a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments put forward in cultural development since the 18th National Congress of the CPC as the “Fourteen Emphases” for cultural development. Subsequently, the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideology, and Cultural Work formally proposed and systematically expounded Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought. Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought profoundly answers fundamental questions such as what flag to raise, what path to take, what principles to uphold, and what goals to achieve in China’s cultural development in the New Era. It enriches and develops Marxist cultural theory, providing scientific theoretical guidance and a guide to action for doing a good job in propaganda, ideology, and cultural work on the new journey of the New Era and for taking on the new cultural mission.

中国式现代化的文化道路是我们党不断深化对文化发展规律的科学认识的过程。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央在文化建设的治国理政实践中，提出了一系列新思想新观点新论断，既有文化理论观点上的创新和突破，又有文化工作布局上的部署和要求。2014年，习近平总书记在主持十八届中央政治局第十三次集体学习时明确提出“增强文化自信和价值观自信”。在庆祝中国共产党成立95周年大会上，习近平总书记强调“文化自信，是更基础、更广泛、更深厚的自信”。2017年，党的十九大报告提出了“新的文化使命”这一重大命题，强调“当代中国共产党人和中国人民应该而且一定能够担负起新的文化使命，在实践创造中进行文化创造，在历史进步中实现文化进步”。2018年，在全国宣传思想工作会议上，习近平总书记回顾党的十八大以来宣传思想工作的历史性成就和历史性变革，系统总结了实践中所孕育的理论创新，并将其概括为“九个坚持”。2020年，党的十九届五中全会对文化建设高度重视，从战略和全局上作了规划和设计，首次明确提出到2035年建成文化强国的具体时间表。2021年，在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上，习近平总书记明确提出了“两个结合”的重要论断，在党的二十大报告中对“两个结合”的科学内涵和根本要求作了系统阐释。2023年，在文化传承发展座谈会上，习近平总书记将党的十八大以来在文化建设方面提出的一系列新思想、新观点、新论断，总结为文化建设的“十四个强调”。接着，全国宣传思想文化工作会议正式提出和系统阐述了习近平文化思想。习近平文化思想深刻回答了新时代我国文化建设举什么旗、走什么路、坚持什么原则、实现什么目标等根本问题，丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论，为做好新时代新征程宣传思想文化工作、担负起新的文化使命提供了科学的理论遵循和行动指南。

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a vivid manifestation of our Party’s leadership in cultural development. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Propaganda, ideology, and cultural work concerns the future and destiny of the Party, concerns the long-term stability and security of the country, concerns the cohesion and centripetal force of the nation, and is an extremely important task.” Propaganda, ideology, and cultural work is an important mouthpiece of the Party and government, an inexhaustible driving force in the historical process of Chinese-path modernization, and bears the important responsibility of propagating the Party’s ideas, principles, and policies and educating the masses. The comprehensive leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for ensuring that cultural work always advances in the correct direction and along the correct path. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC made reform deployments for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization in areas such as perfecting the responsibility system for ideological work, optimizing the supply mechanism for cultural services and cultural products, improving the comprehensive governance system for the internet, and building a more effective international communication system. This is the practical direction of the Party’s leadership in cultural development and cultural reform of Chinese-path modernization in the New Era. In comprehensively promoting the construction of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization, the Party focuses on cultivating and promoting the core socialist values, promoting the coordinated development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, promoting the deeper penetration of high-quality cultural resources into the grassroots and the masses, and building a system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. These cultural practices led by the Party have fundamentally promoted cultural prosperity and the process of Chinese-path modernization, opening up a broad avenue for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization.

中国式现代化的文化道路是我们党领导文化建设的生动体现。习近平总书记强调：“宣传思想文化工作事关党的前途命运，事关国家长治久安，事关民族凝聚力和向心力，是一项极端重要的工作。”宣传思想文化工作是党和政府的重要喉舌，是中国式现代化的历史进程中永不衰减的动力，承担着宣传党的理念、方针政策和教育人民群众的重要职责。党的全面领导是确保文化工作始终沿着正确方向和道路前进的根本保证。党的二十届三中全会为中国式现代化的文化道路做出了完善意识形态工作责任制、优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制、健全网络综合治理体系以及构建更有效力的国际传播体系等方面的改革部署。这是党在新时代领导中国式现代化的文化建设和文化改革的实践方向。党在统筹推进中国式现代化的文化道路建设中，着力培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观，促进文化事业与文化产业的协同发展，促进优质文化资源更加深入基层，深入人民群众，构建具有中国特色的哲学社会科学体系。党领导的这些文化实践从根本上推动了文化繁荣和中国式现代化的进程，为中国式现代化的文化道路开辟了一条康庄大道。

(III) Institutional Logic

（三）制度逻辑

The institutional systems of politics, economy, culture, and law provide important support for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The political system is the solid cornerstone guiding the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, with the leadership of the CPC as its core, constructs an institutional system including the People’s Congress system, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, regional ethnic autonomy, and grassroots self-governance. This provides a clear political direction and strong organizational guarantee for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has the significant advantage of concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks. Reflected in the field of cultural development, this political system can efficiently integrate national strength, social resources, and people’s power to promote the implementation of major cultural projects and cultural works. At the same time, the system of political consultation mobilizes the initiative of various democratic parties and people from all walks of life, extensively listens to opinions from all sides, forms consensus, and provides a scientific decision-making basis for the formulation and implementation of cultural policies. Furthermore, the most essential feature of the political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is adherence to the leadership of the CPC, which also means that the Party’s comprehensive leadership over culture is the fundamental guarantee for the development path of Chinese-path modernization culture. At the same time, by continuously deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanism, and scientifically formulating and reasonably implementing cultural policies, it ensures that the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization always advances in the direction of advanced socialist culture.

政治、经济、文化和法律等制度体系为中国式现代化的文化道路提供了重要支撑。政治制度是引领中国式现代化的文化道路的坚实基石。中国特色社会主义政治制度，以中国共产党的领导为核心，构建了包括人民代表大会、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商、民族区域自治以及基层群众自治等在内的制度体系，为中国式现代化文化道路提供了明确的政治方向和强大的组织保障。中国特色社会主义政治制度具有集中力量办大事的显著优势。反映在文化建设领域，这一政治制度能够高效整合国家力量、社会资源和人民力量，推动重大文化项目和文化工程的实施。同时，政治协商制度，发挥各民主党派和社会各界人士的能动性，广泛听取各方意见，形成共识，为文化政策的制定和执行提供科学的决策依据。此外，中国特色社会主义政治制度最本质的特征是坚持中国共产党的领导，这也就意味着党对文化的全面领导是中国式现代化文化发展道路的根本保证。同时，通过不断深化文化体制机制改革，科学制定和合理实施文化政策，确保中国式现代化的文化道路始终沿着社会主义先进文化的前进方向前进。

The economic system lays the material foundation for developing the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The economic base determines the superstructure; the economy is the prerequisite and foundation for cultural development. The economic system is the fundamental principle for organizing social economic activities. It stipulates the ownership of the means of production, the mode of distribution, and the economic system, etc., which have a profound impact on the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC clarified the basic socialist economic systems, including the coexistence of public ownership as the mainstay with diverse forms of ownership developing side by side, the coexistence of distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple modes of distribution, and the socialist market economy system. The continuous improvement and development of the socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics provides the necessary economic conditions for the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries. On the one hand, with sustained economic growth, the state continuously increases financial investment in the cultural field, promotes the construction of cultural infrastructure and the development of cultural industries, and provides the people with richer and more diverse public cultural products and cultural services. On the other hand, under the socialist market economy system, market mechanisms play a decisive role in resource allocation. State-owned capital and social capital jointly participate in cultural market economic activities, promoting the rapid development of cultural industries and the prosperity of the cultural market. In the process of Chinese-path modernization, the improvement and transformation of the economic system are important factors driving cultural development. With the public ownership economy as the main body of development, the economic development pattern of encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public ownership economy adheres to the principle in the field of cultural undertakings that the fruits of socialist economic development are shared by the people. The state builds and improves the social public cultural product and cultural service system. In the field of cultural industries, a cultural market economic system has also been formed, dominated by state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital, with the participation of social capital. This has liberated and developed social productive forces to a great extent, creating a deep economic foundation for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization.

经济制度为发展中国式现代化的文化道路奠定物质基础。经济基础决定上层建筑，经济是文化发展的前提和基础。经济制度是组织社会经济活动的根本原则，它规定了生产资料的归属、分配方式以及经济体制等，这对中国式现代化的文化道路产生深远影响。党的十九届四中全会明确了公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展，按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，社会主义市场经济体制等社会主义基本经济制度。中国特色社会主义经济制度的不断完善和发展，为文化事业和文化产业的发展提供了必要的经济条件。一方面，随着经济的持续增长，国家不断加大对文化领域的财政投入，推动文化基础设施建设和文化产业发展，为人民群众提供了更加丰富多样的公共文化产品和文化服务；另一方面，在社会主义市场经济体制下，市场机制在资源配置中发挥着决定性作用。国有资本和社会资本共同参与文化市场经济活动，促进了文化产业的快速发展和文化市场的繁荣。在中国式现代化的进程中，经济制度的完善与变革是推动文化发展的重要因素。以公有制经济为发展主体，鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展的经济发展格局，在文化事业领域坚持社会主义经济成果由人民共享的原则，由国家建设和完善社会公共文化产品和文化服务体系；在文化产业领域也形成了以国有企业以及国有资本为主导，社会资本共同参与的文化市场经济体系。这在极大程度上解放和发展了社会生产力，为中国式现代化文化道路创造了深厚的经济基础。

The cultural system is the core content of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The national cultural system includes the cultural management system, the cultural production and operation mechanism, and cultural policies and regulations, which play an important role in regulating cultural market behavior, protecting cultural heritage, promoting the development of the cultural industry, and enriching public cultural services. Since the New Era, the sorting, improvement, and summarization of systems in the cultural field have provided institutional guarantees for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Upholding and Improving the System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Advancing the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity," which proposed three major systems, two systems and mechanisms, and specific task deployments to be upheld and improved in the cultural field. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party clearly proposed deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanism, promoting the prosperous development of cultural undertakings and the cultural industry, improving the system and mechanism in the cultural field, breaking down institutional and mechanistic obstacles that constrain cultural development, and stimulating the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation. The socialist cultural system with Chinese characteristics adheres to a people-centered approach, meets the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people, emphasizes giving play to the principal role of the people in cultural construction, and encourages and supports the people in participating in cultural activities, creating cultural achievements, and jointly building a civilized society.

文化制度是中国式现代化的文化道路的核心内容。国家文化制度包括文化管理体制、文化生产经营机制、文化政策法规等，这对于规范文化市场行为、保护文化遗产、促进文化产业发展、丰富公共文化服务等方面具有重要作用。新时代以来，文化领域的制度梳理、完善和总结为中国式现代化的文化道路提供了制度保障。党的十九届四中全会通过了《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》，提出了文化领域要坚持和完善的三大制度、两项体制机制和具体的任务部署。党的二十届三中全会明确提出要深化文化体制机制改革，推动文化事业和文化产业繁荣发展，完善文化领域的体制机制，打破束缚文化发展的体制机制障碍，激发全民族文化创新创造活力。中国特色社会主义文化制度坚持以人民为中心，满足人民群众日益增长的精神文化需求，注重发挥人民群众在文化建设中的主体作用，鼓励和支持人民群众参与文化活动、创造文化成果、共建文明社会。

The rule-of-law system is an important guarantee for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that adheres to law-based governance, and the rule of law is the basic principle of governing the country. The construction of the rule of law in the cultural field has been continuously improved with the construction of the national rule-of-law system and cultural construction. Our Party has always attached importance to cultural legislation work, providing legal basis for cultural development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, a series of documents and resolutions have mapped out a new blueprint for cultural development, providing a solid and favorable policy and rule-of-law environment for cultural rule of law. Through a series of laws and regulations, the splendid cultural heritage of the Chinese nation has been protected. Protecting cultural heritage through legal constraints means safeguarding the precious spiritual wealth belonging to the Chinese nation, and preserving the cultural roots and soul for national identity and cultural identity. China's rule-of-law construction has also activated the source of innovation and creativity of the entire nation. On the one hand, the establishment and improvement of the intellectual property protection system provide an orderly and standardized market competition environment for high-yield and refined production in the cultural industry; on the other hand, people's creation of cultural and literary works is protected by law, enabling people to create, publish, and publicize their works with greater confidence, thereby stimulating the vitality and enthusiasm of the people for cultural innovation and creation.

法治制度是中国式现代化的文化道路的重要保障。中国式现代化是坚持依法治国的现代化，法治是治国理政的基本原则。文化领域的法治建设随着国家法治制度的建设和文化建设得到不断完善。我们党历来重视文化立法工作，为文化发展提供法理依据。党的十八大以来，一系列文件决议擘画了文化发展的新蓝图，为文化法治提供了坚实且良好的政策与法治环境。通过一系列法律法规保护了中华民族璀璨的文化遗产，从法律约束上保护文化遗产，就是在守护属于中华民族的宝贵精神财富，为民族认同和文化认同守住文化的根与魂。中国的法治建设也激活了全民族创新创造活力之源。一方面，知识产权保护制度的建立与完善，为文化产业的高产精做提供有序规范的市场竞争环境；另一方面，人们创造文化和文艺作品有了法律的保护，使人们更放心地创作、发表和宣传自己的作品，激发人民群众文化创新创造的活力和热情。

II. The Principle Orientation of the Cultural Path of Chinese-Path Modernization

二、中国式现代化的文化道路的原则导向

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization has become increasingly clear in its diachronic evolutionary logic. Constructing the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization requires clear and firm principle orientations as an important guarantee to ensure this process advances in the correct direction. These principle orientations not only reflect the core value orientation of socialist cultural construction under the leadership of the Communist Party of China but also reflect the Chinese nation's unique understanding and pursuit of its own cultural identity and development path in the process of realizing Chinese-path modernization.

中国式现代化的文化道路在历时性的演进逻辑中不断清晰，建构中国式现代化的文化道路，明确而坚定的原则导向是确保这一进程沿着正确方向前进的重要保障。这些原则导向不仅体现了中国共产党领导下的社会主义文化建设的核心价值取向，也反映了中华民族在实现中国式现代化进程中对自身文化身份和发展路径的独特理解与追求。

(I) Adhering to the Theoretical Orientation of the "Two Integrations"

（一）坚持“两个结合”的理论导向

The "Two Integrations" are the guiding ideology for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The "Two Integrations" are not only a summary of Chinese cultural practice under the guidance of Marxism but also a major breakthrough in the theoretical innovation of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is built on the theoretical foundation of Marxism and the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era, led by the Communist Party of China, people-centered, and leading all Chinese people to forge ahead on a cultural path in the New Era. The "Two Integrations" provide theoretical basis and innovative guidance for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party pointed out the need to improve the work system for arming the entire Party, educating the people, and guiding practice with the Party's innovative theories, which requires the broad masses of the people to comprehensively understand and grasp the core essence and spiritual substance of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses,"[17]17 The "Four Consciousnesses" refer to the consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in terms of the big picture, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. consolidate the "Four Confidences,"[18]18 The "Four Confidences" refer to confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. and achieve the "Two Upholds."[19]19 The "Two Upholds" refer to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership. On this basis, implement the innovation project for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, strengthen theoretical research, discipline construction, and talent cultivation, and build a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, promote innovative development in the field of philosophy and social sciences, and provide solid theoretical support for cultural development.

“两个结合”是中国式现代化文化道路的指导思想。“两个结合”不仅是马克思主义指导下的中国文化实践总结，更是中国特色社会主义文化理论创新的重大突破。中国式现代化的文化道路是建立在马克思主义和新时代中国特色社会主义理论基础之上的，以中国共产党为领导，以人民为中心，带领全体中国人民在新时代开拓进取的文化道路。“两个结合”为中国式现代化的文化道路提供了理论依据与创新指引。党的二十届三中全会指出，健全用党的创新理论武装全党、教育人民、指导实践工作体系，这要求广大人民群众全面理解和掌握马克思主义中国化的核心要义和精神实质，增强 “四个意识”，坚定“四个自信”，做到“两个维护”。在此基础上，实施中国特色哲学社会科学创新工程，加强理论研究、学科建设和人才培养，构建起具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，推动哲学社会科学领域的创新发展，为文化发展提供坚实的理论支撑。

The "Two Integrations" point the way forward for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The "Two Integrations" strengthen the guiding role of Marxism and Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, ensuring that the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization maintains the correct direction of development. The "Two Integrations" require us to continuously explore in practice how to better integrate the basic principles of Marxism into cultural heritage and cultural innovation, while simultaneously revising and perfecting the theoretical system through practical innovation. Therefore, the proposal of the "Two Integrations" not only clarifies the direction of China's cultural development but also provides a new theoretical framework for the cultural development path of Chinese-path modernization. It emphasizes, under the premise of adhering to Marxism, fully leveraging the unique advantages of fine traditional Chinese culture to enrich and develop the advanced socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. Thus, the "Two Integrations" not only provide strong theoretical guidance for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization but also offer specific pathways for practical innovation on this cultural path.

“两个结合”为中国式现代化的文化道路指明前进方向。“两个结合”强化了马克思主义和习近平文化思想的引领作用，确保中国式现代化的文化道路保持正确的发展方向。“两个结合”要求我们在实践中持续探索如何将马克思主义基本原理更好地融入文化传承与文化创新，同时通过实践创新，不断修正和完善理论体系。因此，“两个结合”的提出，不仅明确了中国文化发展的方向，还为中国式现代化的文化发展路径提供了全新的理论框架。它强调在坚持马克思主义的前提下，充分发挥中华优秀传统文化的独特优势，以此来丰富和发展中国特色社会主义先进文化。因此，“两个结合”不仅能够让中国式现代化的文化道路有了强有力的理论指引，也为中国式现代化的文化道路提供了实践创新的具体路径。

(II) Adhering to the People-Centered Goal Orientation

（二）坚持以人民为中心的目标导向

The people-centered nature is the essential attribute of Marxism. The "Communist Manifesto" points out: "The proletarian movement is the independent movement of the immense majority, in the interests of the immense majority." This assertion profoundly reveals the nature and purpose of the Communist Party, requiring the Communist Party to stand on the people's side in promoting cultural construction and deepening the cultural construction of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. Adhering to the people-centered goal orientation is the historical experience and important magic weapon of the Communist Party of China in promoting cultural construction, and it is also a principled requirement that must be adhered to in order to better shoulder the new cultural mission. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party proposed adhering to the people-centered creative orientation, insisting on combining the production of results with the cultivation of talent, and integrating the focus on works with the improvement of the environment, and improving the service, guidance, and organizational working mechanisms for literary and artistic creation and production. This requires that the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization must be people-centered, creating more high-quality works that can withstand the test of the people. Therefore, the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization reflects a distinct people's standpoint.

人民性是马克思主义的本质属性。《共产党宣言》指出：“无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的，为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动。”这一论断深刻揭示了共产党的性质和宗旨，要求共产党必须站在人民立场上推进文化建设，深化马克思主义中国化的文化建构。坚持以人民为中心的目标导向，是中国共产党推动文化建设的历史经验和重要法宝，也是更好担负起新的文化使命必须坚持的原则要求。党的二十届三中全会提出坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，坚持出成果和出人才相结合、抓作品和抓环境相贯通，改进文艺创作生产服务、引导、组织工作机制。这就要求中国式现代化的文化道路必须以人民为中心，创作更多经得起人民检验的优质作品。因此，中国式现代化的文化道路体现出鲜明的人民立场。

Adhering to the people-centered goal orientation requires that the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization always face the cultural needs of the people, always place the people at the highest position in cultural development, and always place the people's cultural rights and interests at the most central position. Standing at a new historical starting point, our Party proposes that cultural development is for the people and relies on the people, combining meeting the people's needs with improving the people's literacy, and combining serving the people with educating the people. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a New Era, the people's spiritual and cultural needs are becoming increasingly diverse and personalized, and the demand for high-quality cultural works, high-level cultural activities, and high-quality cultural life is growing day by day. Therefore, on the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to grasp the needs of the people, adhere to the organic unity of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, continuously promote innovation in cultural forms, cultural carriers, and cultural activities, strive to provide the broad masses of the people with richer and more nutritious spiritual food, and enable the people to enjoy a higher quality of spiritual and cultural life.

坚持以人民为中心的目标导向要求中国式现代化文化道路要始终面向人民的文化需求，始终把人民放在文化发展的最高位置，始终把人民文化权益放在最核心位置。站在新的历史起点上，我们党提出文化发展为了人民、文化发展依靠人民，把满足人民需求同提升人民素养相结合，把服务人民同教育人民相结合。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，人民的精神文化需求日趋多样化、个性化，对高质量文化作品、高水平文化活动、高品质文化生活的需求日益增长。因此，在中国式现代化的文化道路上必须把握人民群众的需求，坚持守正与创新的有机统一，不断推进文化形式、文化载体、文化活动创新，努力为广大人民群众提供更丰富、更有营养的精神食粮，让人民享有更高质量的精神文化生活。

Adhering to the people-centered goal orientation requires that the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization must rely on the principal practice of the people, and the fruits of practice must be shared by the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that the people are the creators of history and the true heroes, the decisive force driving history forward, and that any social and historical change can succeed only when it represents the interests of the people and relies on the strength of the people. Therefore, the fundamental force of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization lies in the people; the masses of the people are the principal force for innovation and creation on the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization, and the fundamental reliance for building a culturally strong nation and the Chinese nation. Consequently, in cultural production and literary and artistic creation, it is necessary to adhere to a people-centered creative orientation, reflecting the life, voices, emotions and aspirations of the people, and also reflecting the spiritual outlook of the people’s life in the New Era. It is necessary to go deep into Chinese society, deep into the masses of the people, and focus on the production and life practices of the masses of the people.

坚持以人民为中心的目标导向要求中国式现代化的文化道路必须依靠人民的主体实践，实践成果由人民共享。习近平总书记强调，人民是历史的创造者和真正的英雄，是推动历史前进的决定性力量，任何社会历史变革只有代表人民利益、依靠人民力量才能取得成功。因此，中国式现代化的文化道路根本力量在于人民，人民群众是中国式现代化的文化道路创新创造的主体力量，是建设文化强国和中华民族的根本依靠。因此，在文化生产和文艺创作中要坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，反映人民生活、人民心声、人民情感和人民愿望，也要反映新时代人民生活的精神面貌。要深入中国社会，深入人民群众，聚焦人民群众的生产生活实践。

Adhering to the people-centered goal orientation requires that the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization must be tested by the masses of the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized, “The era is the one that sets the questions, we are the ones who answer them, and the people are the ones who grade them.” [20]20 This is a well-known formulation by Xi Jinping, first used in a speech to the Central Committee in January 2018, emphasizing the Party’s accountability to the people. This clearly requires that in the construction of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization, the main theme must be promoted, positive energy must be transmitted, and literary and artistic creation must be grounded in the people, gather popular support, and win the welcome and affirmation of the masses of the people. The people are not only the “characters in the play” and the “playwrights” of history, but also the connoisseurs and judges of the fruits of cultural development. The most important thing on the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is not economic benefits, but products and services that meet the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the masses of the people and strengthen the people’s spiritual and cultural strength. The people’s standard is the value yardstick of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization; ultimately, it must be seen whether the people have truly benefited from the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization and whether the people’s spiritual and cultural needs have been truly satisfied.

坚持以人民为中心的目标导向要求中国式现代化的文化道路必须依靠人民群众来检验。习近平总书记曾强调，“时代是出卷人，我们是答卷人，人民是阅卷人。”这就明确要求在中国式现代化的文化道路建设中，必须弘扬主旋律，传递正能量，文艺创作要接地气，聚人气，得到人民群众的欢迎与肯定。人民不仅是历史的“剧中人”和“剧作者”，更是文化发展成果的鉴赏家和评判者。中国式现代化的文化道路最重要的不是经济效益，而是满足人民群众日益增长的精神文化需求和增强人民精神文化力量的产品与服务。人民标准是中国式现代化的文化道路的价值尺度，最终要看人民是否在中国式现代化的文化道路中真正得到实惠，人民的精神文化需求是否真正得到满足。

(3) Adhering to the development orientation of the subjectivity of Chinese culture

（三）坚持中华文化主体性的发展导向

The subjectivity of Chinese culture is an important manifestation of cultural consciousness on the cultural path of advancing Chinese-path modernization. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is rooted in fine traditional Chinese culture, closely integrated with advanced socialist culture and revolutionary culture, forming a new form of Chinese civilization with distinctive characteristics, highlighting the subjective consciousness of Chinese culture, breaking the “straitjacket of Western-style modernization,” and fully embodying the inner consciousness of the Chinese nation regarding its own cultural identity and the construction of its cultural subject status. The subjectivity of Chinese culture in Chinese-path modernization is not static and conservative, but a process of development and construction, resolving the questions of who constructs it, with what it is constructed, and whom it ultimately serves in the historical process of advancing the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. Over thousands of years of cultural development and ethnic proliferation, the Chinese nation has formed splendid fine traditional Chinese culture, and in modern and contemporary times has formed advanced socialist culture and revolutionary culture; the Chinese nation’s views on civilization, the world, values, history and society contained within constitute the most basic cultural core of the subjectivity of Chinese culture in Chinese-path modernization.

中华文化主体性是推进中国式现代化的文化道路中文化自觉的重要表征。中国式现代化的文化道路根植于中华优秀传统文化，紧密结合了社会主义先进文化和革命文化，形成具有鲜明特色的中华文明新形态，突出了中华文化的主体意识，打破了“西方式现代化”的紧箍咒，充分体现了中华民族对自身文化认同和文化主体身份建构的内在自觉。中国式现代化的中华文化主体性不是静态和守旧的，而是一个发展和建构的过程，解决了在推进中国式现代化文化道路的历史进程中由谁来建构、用什么来建构和最终服务于谁的问题。中华民族在几千年的文化发展和民族繁衍过程中形成了璀璨的中华优秀传统文化，又在近现代形成了社会主义先进文化和革命文化，其内蕴的中华民族文明观、世界观、价值观、历史观和社会观构成了中国式现代化的中华文化主体性最为基础的文化内核。

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization must adhere to the subjectivity of Chinese culture. The subjectivity of Chinese culture in Chinese-path modernization is rooted in the confrontation between cultural relativism and the theory of cultural globalization. It emphasizes that in the context of globalization, civilizations should respect each other, and each cultural system should maintain its specific attributes and direction of development, rather than passively accepting or imitating others. Within this framework, the cultural subjectivity of Chinese-path modernization is based on the profound heritage of Chinese culture, actively selecting, integrating and innovating Chinese and foreign cultural resources, forming a cultural subjectivity that both possesses a global vision and does not lose local characteristics. This process is not only about cultural inheritance and innovation, but also about transcending the dominant-dependent relationship in “cultural globalization,” aiming to construct a new model of cultural globalization based on equality, dialogue and mutual learning. The subjectivity of Chinese culture internally strengthens national cultural identity and firm cultural confidence, and externally displays the unique charm of the Chinese nation. The construction of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization can not only enhance the Chinese nation’s construction of its own subject identity and cultural identity, but also display the attractiveness and appeal of Chinese civilization on a global scale, construct universally recognized core values and social norms, thereby using culture as a bond to enhance national cohesion and social stability, enabling the people to find identity positioning and spiritual belonging in shared cultural memories and cultural symbols, and laying the foundation of cultural subjectivity and a broader, more fundamental cultural confidence for comprehensively advancing the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization.

中国式现代化的文化道路必须坚持中华文化主体性。中国式现代化的中华文化主体性根植于文化相对主义与文化全球化理论的交锋之中。它强调在全球化背景下，文明之间应相互尊重，各文化体系应保持其特有属性与发展方向，而非被动接受或模仿他者。在此框架下，中国式现代化的文化主体性是以中华文化的深厚底蕴为基础，主动选择、整合、创新中外文化资源，形成既具有全球视野又不失本土特色的文化主体性。这一过程不仅关乎文化传承与创新，更是对“文化全球化”中主导—依附关系的超越，旨在构建一种平等、对话、互鉴的新型文化全球化模式。中华文化主体性对内是强化国家文化身份认同，坚定文化自信，对外展现了中华民族的独特魅力。中国式现代化的文化道路建设不仅能增进中华民族对自我主体身份的建构和文化认同，还能在全球范围内展现中华文明的吸引力与感召力，构建普遍认同的核心价值观和社会规范，以此为文化纽带增强民族凝聚力和社会稳定性，使人民在共同和共享的文化记忆和文化符号中找到身份定位和精神归属，为全面推进中国式现代化的文化道路奠定了文化主体性基础和更广泛、更基础的文化自信。

III. The Development Path of the Cultural Path of Chinese-Path Modernization

三、中国式现代化的文化道路的发展路径

The development path of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a systematic and scientific action guide formed on the basis of comprehensive consideration of historical logic, practical logic and institutional logic. It is not only a deepening of the understanding of the laws of cultural development in Chinese-path modernization, but also a concrete response to how to maintain the characteristics of Chinese culture and promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations in the context of globalization.

中国式现代化的文化道路的发展路径是基于历史逻辑、实践逻辑和制度逻辑的综合考量，并在此基础上形成的系统化、科学化的行动指南。它不仅是对中国式现代化文化发展规律的认识深化，也是对全球化背景下如何保持中华文化特色、促进文明交流互鉴的具体回应。

(1) Grasping the direction of development through value guidance

（一）以价值引领把握发展方向

Promoting the prosperity and flourishing of culture with the spirit of the times. The spirit of the times is formed and developed under new historical conditions, embodying national characteristics and conforming to the trends of the times in terms of ideas, concepts, modes of behavior, value orientations, spiritual outlook and social customs; it reflects the direction of social progress, leads the trend of the times, and is the main theme of society. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party [21]21 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in July 2024, focusing on further deepening reform and opening up. proposed that reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times in big strides. Reform and opening up has become a key driving force in the process of Chinese-path modernization. The continuous reform practice in the cultural field has achieved the flourishing cultural scene of the New Era. This requires that in the construction of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization, according to the development of the times, in cultural creation and cultural dissemination, the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era should be prominently reflected, making cultural products a mirror of the development of the times. It is necessary to deeply explore and promote the great spirits formed by the Party and the people in their struggles in various historical periods, such as the Red Boat Spirit, the Jinggangshan Spirit, the Long March Spirit, the Yan’an Spirit, the Xibaipo Spirit, the Spirit of Resisting US Aggression and Aiding Korea, and the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” Spirit. [22]22 These are a series of officially promoted revolutionary spirits: the Red Boat Spirit (the founding spirit of the CPC, associated with the 1921 First Congress on a boat in Jiaxing), the Jinggangshan Spirit (from the 1927-1930 base area), the Long March Spirit (1934-1935), the Yan’an Spirit (1935-1948 revolutionary base), the Xibaipo Spirit (1948-1949 headquarters before entering Beijing), the Spirit of Resisting US Aggression and Aiding Korea (1950-1953 Korean War), and the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” Spirit (1960s-1970s nuclear and space programs). It is necessary to actively shape models of the times, publicize advanced individuals and advanced collectives through the media and public education, and use their deeds to inspire people to devote themselves to the construction of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization.

以时代精神推动文化的繁荣与兴盛。时代精神是在新的历史条件下形成和发展的，体现民族特质并顺应时代潮流的思想观念、行为方式、价值取向、精神风貌和社会风尚，它反映着社会进步的发展方向，引领时代的进步潮流，是社会的主旋律。党的二十届三中全会提出改革开放是党和人民事业大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。改革开放已成为中国式现代化进程中的关键推动力。文化领域持续的改革实践成就了新时代的文化繁荣景象。这就要求在中国式现代化的文化道路建设中，应当根据时代的发展，在文化创作和文化传播中，突出反映新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大实践，使文化产品成为时代发展的镜像。要深入挖掘和弘扬党和人民在各个历史时期奋斗中形成的伟大精神，如红船精神、井冈山精神、长征精神、延安精神、西柏坡精神、抗美援朝精神、“两弹一星”精神等。要积极塑造时代楷模，通过媒体和公共教育，宣传先进人物和先进集体，通过他们的事迹激励人们投身中国式现代化的文化道路建设。

Cultivating and practicing the core socialist values. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “The core socialist values are the concentrated embodiment of the spirit of contemporary China, condensing the common value pursuits of all the people.” Cultivating and practicing the core socialist values means promoting the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education, and deeply carrying out thematic education on studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The concepts and connotations of the core socialist values should be integrated into the daily life of the masses of the people, publicized in forms that the masses of the people are happy to see and hear, and a good atmosphere for practicing the core socialist values should be actively created on online platforms. Actively promote various types of activities to build cultural-ethical progress, mobilize and encourage the masses of the people to participate in the publicity and practice of the core socialist values, and closely link them with daily life. In terms of forging souls and educating people, combine the core socialist values with talent development, write the core socialist values into textbooks, introduce them into campuses and classrooms, combine fine traditional Chinese culture with the core socialist values, and internalize them as rich nutrients for cultivating the spiritual world, focusing on cultivating new generations capable of shouldering the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Improve codes of conduct such as市民公约 (civic conventions) and 乡规民约 (village rules and folk agreements), and integrate the core socialist values into law-based governance. In addition, methods of cultural-ethical cultivation should be improved and innovated, making full use of emerging technological means to optimize and empower cultural-ethical practices, cultural-ethical creation, and cultural publicity, providing value guidance for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization.

培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。习近平总书记指出，“社会主义核心价值观是当代中国精神的集中体现，凝结着全体人民共同的价值追求”。培育和践行社会主义核心价值观就是要推动理想信念教育常态化制度化，深入开展学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想主题教育。要把社会主义核心价值观的理念和内涵融入人民群众的日常生活中去，以人民群众喜闻乐见的形式进行宣传，积极在网络平台营造践行社会主义核心价值观的良好氛围。积极推动各类精神文明创建活动，动员和鼓励人民群众参与社会主义核心价值观的宣传和实践，与日常生活紧密联系起来。在铸魂育人方面，将社会主义核心价值观与人才建设相结合，将社会主义核心价值观写进教材、引入校园和课堂，将中华优秀传统文化与社会主义核心价值观结合，并将其内化为涵养精神世界的丰富营养，着力培养能够担当民族复兴大任的时代新人。完善市民公约、乡规民约等行为准则，把社会主义核心价值观融入法治建设。此外，应改进和创新文明培育方式，充分利用新兴技术手段为文明实践、文明创建、文化宣传优化赋能，为中国式现代化的文化道路提供价值引领。

Improve the production and service of literary and artistic creation through value guidance. Literary and artistic work is a soul-forging project and an important form that influences the values of the people. On the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization, efforts must be made to create and produce more outstanding works that disseminate contemporary Chinese values, embody the Chinese spirit, and achieve an organic unity of ideological content and artistic quality. In the construction of Chinese-path modernization, one should discover creative themes, capture inspiration for innovation, and produce more works that reflect the historical transformations of this era and the needs of the people, especially fine works that the Party, the state, and the people require. It is necessary to respect and follow the laws of literary and artistic development, evaluate and appreciate works from historical, popular, artistic, and aesthetic perspectives, dare to seek truth from facts (实事求是) regarding artistic quality and standards, dare to take a clear stance on various harmful literary and artistic works, phenomena, and trends, and dare to express positions on matters of principle. In the internet age, digital technology has brought changes to media communication methods. New media platforms have transformed the form of literary and artistic production and dissemination, giving rise to a large number of new types of literature and art, and also bringing profound changes to literary and artistic concepts and practices. It is necessary to adapt to the development of the situation, strengthen the creation and production of online literary and art, enhance positive guidance, resist the harmful trends of vulgarity, kitsch, and pandering, and foster a clean and upright online literary and artistic environment.

以价值引领改进文艺创作生产服务。文艺工作是铸魂工程，是影响人民群众价值观的重要形式。在中国式现代化的文化道路上，要努力创作生产更多传播当代中国价值观念，体现中国精神，思想性和艺术性有机统一的优秀作品。在中国式现代化的建设中发现创作主题，捕捉创新的灵感，创作出更多能够反映出这个时代的历史巨变和人民需要的作品，特别是党、国家和人民需要的精品力作。要尊重和遵循文艺发展规律，运用历史的、人民的、艺术的、美学的观点评判和鉴赏作品，在艺术质量和水平上敢于实事求是，对各种不良文艺作品、现象、思潮敢于表明态度，在大是大非问题上敢于表明立场。在网络时代，数字技术带来了媒介传播方式的改变，新媒体平台改变了文艺生产和传播形态，催生了一大批新的文艺类型，也带来文艺观念和文艺实践的深刻变化。要适应形势发展，抓好网络文艺创作生产，加强正面引导，抵制低俗、庸俗、媚俗的不良风气，营造风清气正的网络文艺环境。

(II) Achieve Cultural Prosperity through Upholding Fundamental Principles and Breaking New Ground (守正创新)

（二）以守正创新实现文化繁荣

Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is an inevitable requirement of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization must adhere to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, based on the great practice of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, and oriented toward the world and the future. "Upholding fundamental principles" (守正) means preserving the direction, path, system, stance, principles, and nature of cultural development. Only by upholding fundamental principles can it be ensured that the cultural development of Chinese-path modernization follows the correct direction and stays on the right track of history. This requires adhering to the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological domain, upholding the Party’s cultural leadership over culture, maintaining the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation, and persisting in comprehensively deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms. "Breaking new ground" (创新) means creating new ideas, new discourses, new mechanisms, and new forms for the cultural development of Chinese-path modernization. Only by daring to break new ground and being good at innovation can the advanced nature of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization be ensured, and can the new cultural mission be better undertaken. Therefore, "upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground" means basing oneself on reality, adhering to the guidance of Marxism, taking the socialist path, practicing the Two Integrations (两个结合)[23]23 The Two Integrations (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of fine traditional Chinese culture, a formulation introduced by Xi Jinping., and unswervingly following the path of a socialist cultural power with Chinese characteristics.

守正创新是中国式现代化的文化道路的必然要求。中国式现代化文化道路必须坚持守正创新，立足强国建设、民族复兴伟大实践，面向世界、面向未来。“守正”守的是文化发展的方向、道路、制度、立场、原则和性质。只有守正，才能确保中国式现代化的文化发展沿着正确的方向走在历史正道上。这就要求必须坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度，坚持中国共产党的文化领导权，坚持中华民族的文化主体性，坚持全面深化文化体制机制改革。“创新”创的是中国式现代化文化发展的新思路、新话语、新机制和新形态。只有敢于创新、勇于创新，才能确保中国式现代化文化道路的先进性，才能更好地担当新的文化使命。因此，“守正创新”就是要立足于现实，坚持马克思主义指导，走社会主义道路，践行“两个结合”，坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义文化强国道路。

"Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground" requires adhering to the right path on the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization must have the resolve to adhere to the right path. Adhering to the right path means preserving the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain, holding fast to the soul vein of Marxism and the root vein of fine traditional Chinese culture, neither clinging to outdated ways and closing oneself off, nor copying others mechanically and being unable to digest foreign influences. Specifically, it means persisting in arming the entire Party, educating the people, and guiding practical work with the Party’s innovative theories, and unwaveringly maintaining Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological domain. It is necessary to establish and improve a work mechanism for the protection of cultural heritage, promote the productive and life-oriented protection of intangible cultural heritage, and facilitate the integration of fine traditional Chinese culture into the daily lives of the people. Resolutely resist the tendency toward vulgarization aimed at gaining traffic and attracting attention. It is necessary to persist in using moral excellence (明德) to guide social trends, build a transmission system for traditional Chinese virtues, continuously advance the construction of social ethics, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal character, establish and improve a long-term mechanism for social integrity, create a good atmosphere of moral excellence, and safeguard the people’s bottom line of cultural-ethical progress (精神文明).

“守正创新”要求在中国式现代化的文化道路上坚守正道。中国式现代化的文化道路必须有坚守正道的定力。坚守正道就是要求守住马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位，坚守马克思主义这一魂脉和中华优秀传统文化这一根脉，既不能刻舟求剑、封闭僵化，也不能照抄照搬、食洋不化。具体而言，就是要坚持用党的创新理论武装全党、教育人民、指导实践工作，坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位不动摇。要建立健全文化遗产保护工作机制，推动非物质文化遗产生产性和生活性保护，促进中华优秀传统文化融入人民群众的日常生活。坚决抵制为了赚流量、博眼球的低俗化倾向。要坚持用明德引领风尚，构建中华传统美德的传承体系，不断推进社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德的建设，建立健全社会诚信建设的长效机制，营造良好的明德风尚，守住人民的精神文明底线。

"Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground" requires developing new quality productive forces (新质生产力) in culture on the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. New quality productive forces in culture are the key to promoting high-quality development (高质量发展) on the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization. New quality productive forces in culture are an advanced form of productive forces (生产力) that, with high technology as technical support and innovation as the driving force, advance cultural production and cultural services with high quality and high efficiency. In the New Era (新时代) of rapid development of the new round of technological revolution and industrial revolution, the driving effect of science and technology on cultural innovation has become more significant. With the deep integration of digital technology and culture, traditional cultural content is being transformed into digital cultural resources, and through digital technology, people can immersively experience different cultural scenes. Developing new quality productive forces in culture inevitably requires the digital transformation of culture, transforming traditional methods of cultural content dissemination, realizing more multidimensional forms of cultural expression, and promoting the emergence of new cultural products and new cultural formats such as digital imaging, digital design, digital games, digital animation, digital literature, and digital music. Furthermore, new quality productive forces in culture ultimately rely on innovative talent. This requires doing a good job in the top-level design of the talent strategy for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization, accelerating the construction of a talent cultivation system in cross-disciplinary fields such as culture and technology, and culture and creativity, and cultivating a large-scale team of outstanding cultural talent. In short, it is necessary to firmly grasp the development opportunities brought by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, further enhance the capacity for cultural and technological innovation, vigorously develop new quality productive forces in culture, improve the cultural service and cultural supply system, promote the high-quality development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, and serve the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization.

“守正创新”要求在中国式现代化的文化道路上发展文化新质生产力。文化新质生产力是推动中国式现代化文化道路高质量发展的关键。文化新质生产力是以高科技为技术支撑，以创新为动力驱动，高质量和高效能地推进文化生产和文化服务的先进生产力形态。在新一轮科技革命和产业革命快速发展的新时代，科学技术对文化创新的驱动效益更加显著。随着数字技术与文化的深度融合，传统的文化内容向数字化文化资源转化，并通过数字技术使人们可以沉浸式体验不同的文化场景。发展文化新质生产力必然要求文化实现数字化转型，转变传统的文化内容传播方式，实现更多维的文化表现形态，促进数字影像、数字设计、数字游戏、数字动漫、数字文学、数字音乐等新型文化产品和文化新业态的涌现。此外，文化新质生产力归根到底要依靠创新的人才。这就要求做好中国式现代化文化道路的人才战略顶层设计，加快文化与科技、文化与创意等交叉领域的人才培养体系建设，培育形成规模宏大的优秀文化人才队伍。总之，需要牢牢把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革带来的发展机遇，进一步提升文化科技创新能力，大力发展文化新质生产力，完善文化服务与文化供给体系，推动文化事业和文化产业高质量发展，服务中国式现代化的文化道路。

(III) Deepen Mutual Learning among Civilizations through Openness and Inclusiveness

（三）以开放包容深化文明互鉴

Chinese civilization has the distinctive trait of openness and inclusiveness. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is not one of self-isolation, but a new form of civilization and a sustainable development path that integrates global civilizations and highlights the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation. Openness and inclusiveness, as prominent characteristics of Chinese civilization, have always run through the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization and continuously innovate the forms of civilization.

中华文明具有开放包容的鲜明特质。中国式现代化的文化道路不是故步自封的，而是融汇全球文明、突出中华文化主体性的文明新形态和可持续发展道路。开放包容作为中华文明的突出特性，始终贯穿于中国式现代化的文化道路，并不断创新文明形态。

Forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation (铸牢中华民族共同体意识). Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation is a national community formed over thousands of years of historical development of Chinese civilization. On the cultural path of building Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. First, it is necessary to improve the normalization mechanism for publicity and education on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. Through sustained and systematic publicity and education, people can gain a deeper understanding of the significance and value of the Chinese national community, and enhance their sense of identity with and belonging to the Chinese nation and Chinese civilization. Second, it is necessary to promote interaction, exchange, and integration among all ethnic groups. By strengthening education on ethnic unity and progress, promote mutual understanding and respect among ethnic groups, and break down barriers and prejudices between them. Third, it is necessary to actively create social conditions for people of all ethnic groups to live together, study together, build together, share together, work together, and enjoy together, allowing people to deepen mutual understanding and friendship in common life and work. For example, expand ethnic unity activities such as Guizhou’s "Village Super League" (村超) and "Village BA" (村BA)[24]24 "Village Super League" (村超) and "Village BA" (村BA) are grassroots, village-level sports tournaments (soccer and basketball, respectively) that have become popular cultural phenomena in Guizhou Province, celebrated for their community participation and ethnic unity. into national events, thereby expanding interaction and integration among ethnic groups. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the promotion and use of the national common language and script. Unswervingly and comprehensively promote the use of nationally unified textbooks, ensure that young people of all ethnic groups master and use the national common language and script, further strengthen communication and exchange among ethnic groups, and eliminate language barriers. Accept with an open mind, integrate with an inclusive attitude, jointly forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, gather the centripetal force of the entire nation’s joint struggle for the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization, and build a shared spiritual home for all ethnic groups.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识。中国式现代化是中华民族的现代化。中华民族是中华文明几千年历史发展过程中所形成的民族共同体。在建设中国式现代化的文化道路上，要铸牢中华民族共同体意识。首先，要完善铸牢中华民族共同体意识常态化宣传教育机制。通过持续、系统的宣传教育，让人们更加深入地理解中华民族共同体的意义和价值，增强对中华民族和中华文明的认同感和归属感。其次，要推动各民族之间的交往交流交融。通过加强民族团结进步教育，促进各民族之间的相互了解和尊重，打破民族间的隔阂和偏见。再次，要积极创造各族群众共居共学、共建共享、共事共乐的社会条件，让人们在共同的生活和工作中加深彼此的了解和友谊。例如，把贵州“村超”“村BA”等民族团结的活动拓展成为全国性的活动，从而扩大民族之间的交往交融。此外，还要加强国家通用语言文字的推广和使用。坚定不移全面推行使用国家统编教材，确保各民族青少年掌握和使用好国家通用语言文字，进一步加强民族间的交流和沟通，消除语言障碍。以开放的心态接纳，以包容的心态融合，共同熔铸中华民族共同体意识，为中国式现代化文化道路凝聚全民族共同奋斗的向心力，构筑各民族共有的精神家园。

Promote exchanges and mutual learning among world civilizations. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization profoundly embodies the Chinese nation’s worldview and view of the world, as well as the open and inclusive grand pattern and broad-mindedness of Chinese civilization. Throughout history, Chinese civilization has been revitalized through exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen international dialogue and enhance identification with the common values of all humanity. This includes recognizing and understanding the spiritual resources and value pursuits nurtured by different countries and nations, respecting the explorations of different countries and peoples regarding paths for realizing values, and thereby promoting mutual understanding and trust among countries around the world. Respect and safeguard the diversity of world civilizations, and oppose any form of civilizational superiority theory or clash of civilizations theory. Advocate equal dialogue among civilizations, and encourage peoples of all countries to carry out exchanges and mutual learning on the basis of mutual respect. Improve the mechanisms for international cultural exchange, create brands for international cultural exchange activities, and actively carry out various forms of international people-to-people and cultural exchange activities to promote mutual understanding and friendship between each other. Openness and inclusiveness provide methodological guidance for drawing on and absorbing all outstanding achievements of human civilization, and provide a steady stream of intellectual and cultural resources for promoting the progress of human civilization and breaking the mold of Western modernization.

推动世界文明交流互鉴。中国式现代化文化道路深刻体现了中华民族的宇宙观和天下观，以及中华文明开放包容的大格局和大胸怀。古往今来，中华文明在同其他文明的交流互鉴中焕发了新生机。因此，需要加强国际对话，增进对全人类共同价值的认同。这包括认知与了解不同国家、不同民族孕育的精神资源和价值追求，尊重不同国家和人民对价值实现路径的探索，从而促进世界各国的相互了解与信任。尊重并维护世界文明的多样性，反对任何形式的文明优越论和文明冲突论。倡导文明间的平等对话，鼓励各国人民在相互尊重的基础上，开展交流互鉴。完善国际文化交流机制，打造国际文化交流活动品牌，积极开展各种形式的国际人文交流活动，促进彼此之间的了解和友谊。开放包容为借鉴吸收一切优秀人类文明成果提供了方法论指导，为推动人类文明进步，打破西方现代化的模式禁锢，提供了源源不断的思想文化资源。

Conclusion

结语

The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a process of cultural construction that deeply understands the totality of Chinese civilization. It is rooted in the profound foundation of fine traditional Chinese culture, possesses a solid Chinese cultural foundation, a distinct people-centered character, and a vigorous cultural vitality. It is a cultural development model different from Western modernization, a unique and dynamic development path explored by the Party leading the people under the background of the New Era, realizing the development of Marxist modernization theory and the transcendence of the values of Western modern civilization. The exploration of the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a dynamic and continuous process. Its formation and development have profound historical logic, practical logic, and institutional logic, deeply embodying the development direction of Chinese civilization and holding significant importance for the progress of Chinese civilization and even global civilization. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization adheres to guiding principles such as upholding the Two Integrations, being people-centered, and maintaining the subjectivity of Chinese culture. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a cultural path of continuous development and ongoing improvement. It is necessary to further deepen the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms, use value guidance to grasp the development direction, achieve cultural prosperity through upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, deepen mutual learning among civilizations through openness and inclusiveness, continuously innovate cultural expressions, create new forms of civilization, and provide strong cultural support for Chinese-path modernization. The cultural path of Chinese-path modernization is a profound civilizational transformation. It deeply understands and responds to the real needs and development goals of contemporary China. This path not only carries the historical memory of the past but also shapes the cultural vision of the future; it not only serves domestic development needs but also provides a beneficial “Chinese solution” and experience for reference to the international community. Therefore, continuously exploring and perfecting the cultural path of Chinese-path modernization has irreplaceable theoretical value and practical significance for consolidating and developing the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics and enhancing the country’s cultural soft power.

中国式现代化的文化道路是深刻理解中华文明总体性的文化建构过程。它根植于深厚的中华优秀传统文化底蕴之上，具有坚实的中华文化根基、鲜明的人民性和旺盛的文化生命力，是不同于西方现代化的文化发展模式，是在新时代背景下党领导人民探索出的一条独特而富有活力的发展路径，实现了对马克思主义现代化理论的发展和对西方现代化文明价值的超越。中国式现代化的文化道路探索是一个动态持续的过程，其形成和发展具有深刻的历史逻辑、实践逻辑和制度逻辑，深刻体现了中华文明的发展方向，对中国乃至全球文明进步具有重要意义。中国式现代化的文化道路具有坚持“两个结合”、以人民为中心和中华文化主体性等原则导向。中国式现代化的文化道路是一条不断发展和持续完善的文化道路，应进一步深化文化体制机制改革，以价值引领把握发展方向、以守正创新实现文化繁荣、以开放包容深化文明互鉴，不断创新文化表达，创造文明新形态，为中国式现代化提供强大的文化支撑。中国式现代化的文化道路是一场深刻的文明变革，它深刻理解并回应了当代中国的现实需要和发展目标。这条道路不仅承载着过去的历史记忆，还塑造着未来的文化愿景；不仅服务于国内的发展需要，也为国际社会提供了有益的“中国方案”和经验借鉴。因此，持续探索和完善中国式现代化的文化道路，对于巩固和发展中国特色社会主义文化，增强国家文化软实力，具有不可替代的理论价值和实践意义。

(Author: Zhou Jianxin, Professor at the Institute for Cultural Industries, Shenzhen University)

（作者：周建新，深圳大学文化产业研究院教授）

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆