Building an Artificial Intelligence Governance System with Chinese Characteristics

Artificial intelligence (AI), as the core driving force of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, is exerting a significant and far-reaching impact on economic development, social progress, and the international political and economic landscape. On April 25, when presiding over the 20th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “We must face up to the gap, redouble our efforts, comprehensively advance AI technological innovation, industrial development, and enabling applications, improve the AI regulatory institutional mechanisms, and firmly grasp the initiative in AI development and governance.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at the 9th collective study session of the Politburo of the 19th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2018. This important exposition provides the fundamental guidance for us to build an AI governance system with Chinese characteristics, firmly grasp the initiative in AI development and governance, and promote the healthy and orderly development of AI.

人工智能（AI）作为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的核心驱动力，正在对经济发展、社会进步、国际政治经济格局等方面产生重大而深远的影响。4月25日，习近平总书记在主持二十届中共中央政治局第二十次集体学习时强调，“要正视差距、加倍努力，全面推进人工智能科技创新、产业发展和赋能应用，完善人工智能监管体制机制，牢牢掌握人工智能发展和治理主动权”。这一重要论述为我们构建中国特色人工智能治理体系，牢牢掌握人工智能发展和治理主动权，推动人工智能健康有序发展，提供了根本遵循。

I. Deeply Understand the New Situation Facing AI Development

一、深刻认识人工智能发展面临的新形势

Currently, AI has entered a development stage where technological breakthroughs and widespread application are intertwined. It not only demonstrates enormous potential for enabling economic and social transformation but also brings multiple challenges such as ethical misconduct, data abuse, algorithmic bias, and unclear responsibility. AI is gradually moving from laboratories to various fields of the economy and society, and the issues of governance lag and risk spillover are becoming increasingly prominent.

当前，人工智能进入技术加速突破与广泛应用交织的发展阶段，既展现出赋能经济社会转型的巨大潜力，也带来伦理失范、数据滥用、算法偏见、责任不清等多重挑战。人工智能逐渐从实验室走向经济社会各领域，治理滞后与风险外溢问题日益凸显。

The AI industry is developing rapidly. In recent years, large language models, multimodal models, intelligent agents, and embodied intelligence have achieved rapid breakthroughs, maintaining high-speed growth in terms of industrial scale, investment and financing, and the number of enterprises. The latest data released by the International Data Corporation (IDC) shows that the total global investment in AI internet technology in 2024 was $315.8 billion, and it is expected to increase to $815.9 billion by 2028; China’s AI expenditure accounts for over 50% of the total in the Asia-Pacific region, and it is projected to exceed $100 billion by 2028. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core attaches great importance to AI development, and in recent years has improved top-level design and strengthened work deployment, promoting a holistic and systematic leap in China’s comprehensive AI strength. According to the State Council’s “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan,” by 2030, the scale of China’s core AI industry will exceed 1 trillion yuan, driving the scale of related industries to exceed 10 trillion yuan.

人工智能行业快速发展。近年来，语言大模型、多模态模型、智能体和具身智能不断实现快速突破，在产业规模、投融资、企业数量等方面保持高速增长。国际数据公司（IDC）最新公布的数据显示，2024年全球人工智能（AI）互联网技术总投资规模为3,158亿美元，并有望在2028年增至8,159亿美元；中国人工智能支出占亚太地区总支出超过50%，预计到2028年总投资规模将突破1000亿美元。以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视人工智能发展，近年来完善顶层设计、加强工作部署，推动我国人工智能综合实力整体性、系统性跃升。根据国务院《新一代人工智能发展规划》，到2030年，我国人工智能核心产业规模超过1万亿元，带动相关产业规模超过10万亿元。

AI is accelerating economic and social transformation

人工智能加速经济社会变革。习近平总书记指出，“人工智能作为引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略性技术，深刻改变人类生产生活方式”。不同于其他颠覆性技术，人工智能的发展并不局限于某一特定产业，而是能够支撑所有产业变革的通用型技术。当前，人工智能技术普遍应用于医疗、教育、交通、农业、工业、金融、文化、生态等领域，为经济社会发展带来深刻变革。以Deepseek为代表的中国人工智能大模型快速崛起及其广泛应用，不断提升城市治理、公务服务、能源管理、环保监测的治理效率和决策科学性，为国家治理带来数字化、智能化的变革机遇，助力国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。

The development of artificial intelligence brings new risks and new challenges. Artificial intelligence technology is accelerating its iteration and is ushering in explosive development. It brings unprecedented development opportunities in empowering economic development, enhancing the effectiveness of social governance, and facilitating people's lives, while also bringing unprecedented risks and challenges. Currently, in the algorithmic design, data training, and decision-making execution stages of artificial intelligence systems, problems such as opaque algorithms, model discrimination, privacy leakage, and ambiguous attribution of responsibility are becoming increasingly prominent. Endogenous technical risks and systemic derivative risks are intertwined and superimposed, becoming the main obstacles restricting their healthy and sustainable development. For example, artificial intelligence algorithms, in the absence of supervision, may perpetuate or even amplify existing social biases; the misuse of personal information in the process of data use can easily trigger a crisis of user trust; when errors occur in the system's automated decision-making, the attribution of responsibility is difficult to determine, exacerbating public concerns about the safety of artificial intelligence technology. More seriously, as a highly specialized, rapidly iterating cutting-edge technology, the development of artificial intelligence has broken through the framework of traditional technology governance, causing existing legal norms, ethical principles, and governance mechanisms to frequently lag behind in practice, making it difficult to form effective institutional constraints and regulatory systems. This situation of "technology advancing ahead, governance lagging behind" further increases the difficulty of artificial intelligence safety governance.

人工智能发展带来新风险新挑战。人工智能技术加速迭代，正迎来爆发式发展，在赋能经济发展、提升社会治理效能、便利人们生活等方面带来前所未有发展机遇，也带来前所未遇风险挑战。当前，人工智能系统在算法设计、数据训练、决策执行等环节中的算法不透明、模型歧视、隐私泄露、责任认定模糊等问题日益凸显，技术内生风险和系统衍生风险交织叠加，成为制约其健康可持续发展的主要障碍。例如，人工智能算法在缺乏监督的情况下，可能延续甚至放大已有的社会偏见；数据使用过程中的个人信息滥用，也极易引发用户信任危机；当系统自动决策发生错误时，责任归属难以界定，加剧了社会公众对人工智能技术安全性的担忧。更为严峻的是，人工智能作为一种高度专业化、技术迭代速度极快的前沿科技，其发展突破了传统技术治理的框架，导致现有法律规范、伦理原则与治理机制在实践中频频滞后，难以形成有效的制度约束和监管体系。这种“技术超前、治理滞后”的局面，使得人工智能安全治理的难度进一步加大。

II. Building an Artificial Intelligence Governance System with Chinese Characteristics Is an Inevitable Requirement for Seizing the Initiative in Artificial Intelligence Governance

二、构建中国特色人工智能治理体系是掌握人工智能治理主动权的必然要求

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Facing the new situation of the rapid evolution of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology, we must give full play to the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources nationwide, adhere to self-reliance and self-strengthening, highlight the application orientation, and promote the healthy and orderly development of our country's artificial intelligence in a beneficial, safe, and fair direction." [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at the 9th collective study session of the Politburo of the 19th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2018. Combining the frontier trends, benefits and risks, and governance difficulties of artificial intelligence development, the key to artificial intelligence governance with Chinese characteristics lies in adopting a systematic and institutionalized framework of policy formulation, legal supervision, and ethical guidance, adhering to the principles of people-centeredness and intelligent technology for good, promoting the continuous innovative development of artificial intelligence technology, effectively avoiding the risks and challenges brought by technology, and achieving a dynamic balance between maximizing the dividends of artificial intelligence technology and minimizing risks. Building an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics is an important measure to adapt to the new trends in artificial intelligence development and strengthen the strategic layout of science and technology governance. It is also a key choice for the transformation from local exploration to systematic governance. It is of great significance for promoting the formation of new quality productive forces, driving high-quality development, enhancing the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity, safeguarding technological security and digital sovereignty, and promoting the transformation of the global science and technology governance system.

习近平总书记指出，“面对新一代人工智能技术快速演进的新形势，要充分发挥新型举国体制优势，坚持自立自强，突出应用导向，推动我国人工智能朝着有益、安全、公平方向健康有序发展”。结合人工智能发展的前沿趋势、收益风险以及治理难点来看，中国特色人工智能治理的关键在于通过政策制定、法律监管、伦理指导等系统化、制度化的框架，秉持以人为本、智能向善的原则，促进人工智能技术的不断创新发展，有效规避技术带来的风险挑战，实现人工智能技术红利最大化和风险最小化的动态平衡。构建中国特色人工智能治理体系，是适应人工智能发展新趋势、强化科技治理战略布局的重要举措，也是从局部探索向系统治理转变的关键选择，对推动新质生产力形成、驱动高质量发展，提升国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平，维护科技安全和数字主权，促进全球科技治理体系变革，具有重要意义。

Building an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics is an effective means to reduce technical risks and ensure safety and reliability. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Style Modernization" adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed: "Strengthen the construction of the network security system and establish an artificial intelligence safety supervision system." [2]2 Xi Jinping, speech at the 9th collective study session of the Politburo of the 19th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2018. As artificial intelligence achieves breakthroughs beyond people's expectations in various fields of economic and social development, the systemic risks of artificial intelligence also show a trend of diversification and complication, and there even exist risks of technology getting out of control and backfiring on humanity. Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to managing technical risks and improving the safety and reliability of artificial intelligence systems. Only by firmly grasping the development trends and laws of artificial intelligence, building an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics, and accelerating the promotion of comprehensive legislation and institutional construction at the national level regarding artificial intelligence, can we coordinate the relationship between technological development and institutional response, fundamentally clarify the goals and paths of technological development, and strengthen institutionalized governance, systematic supervision, and full-chain regulation. At the same time, by improving the relevant governance system, it helps to synergize efforts at the levels of laws and regulations, ethical constraints, industry self-discipline, and public supervision, enhance the country's governance capacity and initiative in the field of artificial intelligence technology, and guide the healthy development of artificial intelligence technology on a standardized and orderly track.

构建中国特色人工智能治理体系是减少技术风险、确保安全可靠的有效手段。党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出：“加强网络安全体制建设，建立人工智能安全监管制度。”随着人工智能在经济社会发展各个领域取得超出人们预期的突破，人工智能的系统性风险也呈现多样化、复杂化趋势，甚至存在技术失控、反噬人类的风险。因此，必须高度重视管理技术风险，提高人工智能系统的安全性和可靠性。只有牢牢把握人工智能发展趋势和规律，构建中国特色人工智能治理体系，加快推进国家层面关于人工智能的综合性立法和制度建设，才能协调好技术发展与制度回应之间的关系，从根本上厘清技术发展的目标与路径，加强制度化治理、系统性监管和全链条规范。同时，通过完善相关治理体系，有助于在法律法规、伦理约束、行业自律与公众监督等层面协同发力，提升国家在人工智能技术领域的治理能力和主动权，引导人工智能技术在规范有序的轨道上健康发展。

Constructing an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics is a key measure for guiding intelligence toward goodness and enhancing the well-being of the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “We must strengthen the integration of artificial intelligence with ensuring and improving people’s livelihoods, starting from the need to ensure and improve people’s livelihoods and create a better life for the people, promote the deep application of artificial intelligence in people’s daily work, study, and life, and create more intelligent working methods and lifestyles.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at the 9th collective study session of the Politburo of the 19th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2018. Currently, the widespread application of artificial intelligence is continuously improving the quality of life and sense of happiness of the people, allowing the fruits of development to benefit all people more and more fairly. By constructing an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics, we can further strengthen the principle of “intelligence for good,” and at the policy level highlight the people-centered development orientation, promptly grasp what the people need and respond to what the people seek, guide artificial intelligence technology to invest more in shortcomings in people’s livelihoods, and better serve the people’s needs for a better life. At the same time, only by establishing and improving artificial intelligence ethical standards and norms, strengthening the construction of scientific and technological ethics and humanistic care, and promoting the formation of a dual-wheel-driven model of “value guidance + technological supervision” can we effectively reduce and prevent ethical risks.

构建中国特色人工智能治理体系是引导智能向善、增进民生福祉的关键举措。习近平总书记指出，“要加强人工智能同保障和改善民生的结合，从保障和改善民生、为人民创造美好生活的需要出发，推动人工智能在人们日常工作、学习、生活中的深度运用，创造更加智能的工作方式和生活方式”。当前，人工智能的广泛应用，正不断提升人民群众的生活品质和幸福感，让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。通过构建中国特色人工智能治理体系，可以进一步强化“智能向善”的宗旨，并在政策层面突出“以人民为中心”的发展导向，及时掌握民之所需、回应民之所求，引导人工智能技术更多投向民生短板，更好服务于人民对美好生活的需要。同时，只有建立健全人工智能伦理准则和规范，加强科技伦理建设和人文关怀，推动形成“价值引领+技术监管”双轮驱动模式，才能有效减少和防范伦理隐患。

Constructing an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics is an important guarantee for implementing the requirements of high-quality development and enhancing international competitiveness. High-quality development not only emphasizes the speed of economic growth but also pays more attention to the quality, structure, and efficiency of growth. Today, when artificial intelligence has become a key engine of new quality productive forces, constructing an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics can, on the one hand, create a more stable, transparent, and fair technological development environment, enhance enterprise innovation motivation and investment confidence, thereby accelerating the construction of new infrastructure such as intelligent manufacturing, smart cities, and digital government. On the other hand, it helps promote the deep integration of the internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and the real economy, cultivate and strengthen intelligent industries, so that artificial intelligence provides a continuous source of new momentum for high-quality development. At the same time, as a general-purpose technology, artificial intelligence is an important lever for enhancing national competitiveness and maintaining national security. Currently, major countries in the world are intensifying the introduction of relevant plans and policies in the field of artificial intelligence, striving to gain the leading role in the new round of international technological competition and global development changes. By constructing an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics, through strengthening standard setting, industrial guidance, and participation in international rule-making, we can effectively enhance China’s voice and influence in global artificial intelligence governance.

构建中国特色人工智能治理体系是落实高质量发展要求，提升国际竞争力的重要保障。高质量发展不仅强调经济增长的速度，更关注增长的质量、结构与效益。在人工智能成为新质生产力关键引擎的今天，构建中国特色人工智能治理体系，一方面能够营造更加稳定、透明、公平的技术发展环境，增强企业创新动力和投资信心，从而加快智能制造、智慧城市、数字政府等新型基础设施建设。另一方面，有助于推动互联网、大数据、人工智能和实体经济深度融合，培育壮大智能产业，使人工智能为高质量发展提供源源不断的新动能。同时，作为一项通用技术，人工智能是提升国家竞争力、维护国家安全的重要抓手。当前，世界主要国家加紧出台人工智能领域相关规划和政策，力图在新一轮国际科技竞争与全球发展变局中掌握主导权。构建中国特色人工智能治理体系，通过强化标准制定、产业引导和国际规则参与，可以有效提升我国在人工智能全球治理的话语权和影响力。

III. Actively explore the realization path for constructing an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics

三、积极探索构建中国特色人工智能治理体系的实现路径

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “We must grasp the development trends and laws of artificial intelligence, promptly formulate and improve relevant laws and regulations, policy systems, application norms, and ethical standards, and construct a system for technological monitoring, risk early warning, and emergency response, to ensure that artificial intelligence is safe, reliable, and controllable.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, speech at the 9th collective study session of the Politburo of the 19th CPC Central Committee on October 31, 2018. Constructing an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics must adhere to a holistic approach to national security, on the basis of balancing security and development, take innovation as the first driving force, security as the bottom-line requirement, and inclusiveness as the value pursuit, form an artificial intelligence governance framework and standard norms with broad consensus, and continuously improve the safety, reliability, controllability, and fairness of artificial intelligence technology.

习近平总书记指出，“要把握人工智能发展趋势和规律，加紧制定完善相关法律法规、政策制度、应用规范、伦理准则，构建技术监测、风险预警、应急响应体系，确保人工智能安全、可靠、可控”。构建中国特色人工智能治理体系必须坚持总体国家安全观，在兼顾安全和发展的基础上，把创新作为第一动力、把安全作为底线要求、把普惠作为价值追求，形成具有广泛共识的人工智能治理框架和标准规范，不断提升人工智能技术的安全性、可靠性、可控性、公平性。

In recent years, the construction of an artificial intelligence governance system with Chinese characteristics has been accelerating. A series of policy documents, such as the “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan,” the “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Ethical Norms,” the “Guiding Opinions on Accelerating Scenario Innovation to Promote High-Quality Economic Development through High-Level Application of Artificial Intelligence,” and the “Measures for Identifying Content Generated and Synthesized by Artificial Intelligence,” have been issued, providing guidance for the development and application of artificial intelligence technology. [3]3 The “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan” was issued by the State Council in July 2017; the “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Ethical Norms” were issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology in September 2021; the “Guiding Opinions on Accelerating Scenario Innovation to Promote High-Quality Economic Development through High-Level Application of Artificial Intelligence” was issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology in July 2022; the “Measures for Identifying Content Generated and Synthesized by Artificial Intelligence” was issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China in September 2024. The introduction of laws and regulations such as the “Regulations on the Management of Algorithmic Recommendations in Internet Information Services,” the “Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services,” and the “Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China” has laid the institutional foundation for data governance and ethical review in China, effectively promoting the improvement of the artificial intelligence governance system and governance capacity. [4]4 The “Regulations on the Management of Algorithmic Recommendations in Internet Information Services” was issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China in January 2022; the “Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services” was issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China in July 2023; the “Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China” was passed by the National People’s Congress in June 2021 and took effect on September 1, 2021. Facing the rapidly developing artificial intelligence technology, problems such as lagging relevant laws, inappropriate regulatory methods, and fragmented governance still exist to varying degrees, urgently requiring further improvement and deepening through measures such as strengthening top-level design, perfecting relevant laws, regulations, and policy systems, and promoting collaborative co-governance.

近年来，中国特色人工智能治理体系建设正在加速推进，《新一代人工智能发展规划》、《新一代人工智能伦理规范》、《关于加快场景创新以人工智能高水平应用促进经济高质量发展的指导意见》、《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》等一系列政策文件的发布、为人工智能技术的发展和应用提供遵循；《互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定》、《生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法》、《中华人民共和国数据安全法》等法律法规的出台，构筑起我国数据治理和伦理审查的制度基石，有效促进人工智能治理体系和治理能力的提升。面对快速发展的人工智能技术，相关法律滞后、监管方式不当、治理碎片化等问题仍然不同程度存在，亟需通过强化顶层设计、完善相关法律法规和政策体系以及推进协同共治等措施进一步完善和深化。

Strengthen top-level design and improve the governance framework. Fully leverage the advantages of the new nationwide system, [5]5 The “new nationwide system” (新型举国体制) refers to a state-led mobilization of resources across sectors to achieve strategic technological breakthroughs, updated from the earlier planned-economy model to incorporate market mechanisms. coordinate the formulation of strategic, forward-looking, and systematic development plans, and according to the development trends of artificial intelligence technology, clarify policy objectives and realization paths at different stages. Establish cross-field and cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, clarify the functions and responsibilities of various departments in the field of artificial intelligence, solve the problem of fragmented governance among different government departments, local governments, and enterprises, and strengthen overall governance capacity. Establish and improve an artificial intelligence safety supervision platform, strengthen research on major issues such as the development trends and safety risks of artificial intelligence, promptly assess the potential risks brought by emerging technologies, regularly issue guidelines for preventing artificial intelligence safety risks, and continuously enrich technical tools such as value alignment, red team testing, and evaluation and assessment, to provide guidance for various entities such as industry enterprises and government departments in preventing artificial intelligence safety risks.

强化顶层设计，完善治理框架。充分发挥新型举国体制优势，统筹制定具有战略性、前瞻性、系统性的发展规划，并根据人工智能技术发展的趋势，明确不同阶段的政策目标和实现路径。成立跨领域、跨部门的协作机制，明确各部门在人工智能领域的职能与责任，解决不同政府部门、地方政府与企业之间的治理碎片化问题，强化整体治理能力。建立完善人工智能安全监管平台，加强对人工智能发展态势、安全风险等重大问题的研究，及时研判新兴技术带来的潜在风险，定期发布人工智能安全风险防范指南，不断丰富价值对齐、红队测试、评估评测等技术工具，为行业企业、政府部门等各类主体防范人工智能安全风险提供指导。

Strengthen ethical norms and value guidance, and clarify governance orientation. Fully leverage the functions of the Artificial Intelligence Ethics and Governance Working Committee, always adhere to the concept of “people-centered, intelligence for good,” and promptly conduct regular ethical reviews and risk assessments based on the development trends of artificial intelligence. Promote enterprises and research institutions to establish independent ethical supervision bodies, consciously strengthen ethical review, proactively disclose ethical issues in the research and development process, and prevent technology abuse. Strengthen public education on artificial intelligence ethics, especially the cultivation of ethical risk identification and response capabilities for technical personnel engaged in artificial intelligence development, to enhance society’s cognitive level of technological ethics.

加强伦理规范和价值引导，明确治理导向。充分发挥人工智能伦理与治理工作委员会职能，始终坚持“以人为本、智能向善”的理念，及时根据人工智能的发展态势进行定期伦理审查和风险评估。推动企业和科研机构设立独立的伦理监督机构，自觉加强伦理审查，主动披露研发过程中的伦理问题，防止技术滥用。加强对公众的人工智能伦理教育，特别是对从事人工智能开发的技术人员进行伦理风险识别与应对能力的培养，提升社会对技术伦理的认知水平。

Improve laws, regulations, and policy systems, and consolidate the governance foundation. Promptly introduce special laws and regulations targeting the research and development, application, and supervision of artificial intelligence technology, clarifying issues of algorithm transparency, explainability, and responsibility attribution in artificial intelligence systems. Strengthen supervision of data security and privacy protection, especially in the context of cross-border data flow and multi-party sharing, formulate strict regulatory measures to ensure compliance in data processing. According to different industry characteristics, formulate industry standards and operational guidelines for artificial intelligence technology. For technological innovation in the field of artificial intelligence, improve the relevant intellectual property protection system to avoid the abuse and infringement of technological achievements.

完善法律法规和政策体系，夯实治理基础。及时出台针对人工智能技术研发、应用和监管的专项法律法规，明确人工智能系统中的算法透明性、可解释性和责任归属问题。加强对数据安全与隐私保护的监管，特别是在数据跨境流动与多方共享的情境下，制定严格的监管措施，确保数据处理的合规性。根据不同的行业特性，制定针对人工智能技术的行业标准和操作指南。针对人工智能领域的技术创新，完善相关的知识产权保护制度，避免技术成果的滥用和侵权。

Promote multi-subject participation in collaborative governance and improve the governance landscape. Build cross-border governance platforms involving the participation of governments, enterprises, academic institutions, social organizations, and other parties, promote multi-party information sharing and collaboration, and strengthen the connection between technological research and development and governance policies. Governments should innovate regulatory methods, implement developmental supervision, and provide an open and inclusive regulatory environment for the development of artificial intelligence; optimize the use of governance tools, adhere to agile governance and dynamic monitoring, and improve governance effectiveness. Enterprises should actively assume social responsibility, under the overall guidance of the government, gradually establish a digital rule system to ensure that their products and services comply with laws, ethics, and social norms. Research institutions need to strengthen technological innovation and ethical review, assess the potential risks of artificial intelligence technology, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of relevant policies. Social organizations and the public promote the transparency of the artificial intelligence governance system by participating in public discussions, submitting opinions and suggestions, and other means.

推进多主体参与的协同治理，完善治理格局。搭建政府、企业、学术机构、社会组织等各方参与的跨界治理平台，促进多方信息共享与协作，加强技术研发与治理政策之间的对接。政府应创新监管方式，实施发展性监管，为人工智能的发展提供开放、包容的监管环境；优化治理工具使用，坚持敏捷治理、动态监测，提高治理实效。企业应主动承担社会责任，在政府统筹指导下，逐步建立数字规则体系，确保其产品和服务符合法律、伦理和社会规范。科研机构则需要加强技术创新和伦理审查，评估人工智能技术的潜在风险，为相关政策的制定提供科学依据。社会组织和公众通过参与公共讨论、提交意见和建议等方式，推动人工智能治理体系的透明化。

Ensure key technologies are independently controllable and enhance governance effectiveness. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “We must focus on tackling key core technologies, take problems as the guide, comprehensively enhance the scientific and technological innovation capability of artificial intelligence, accelerate the establishment of a new generation of key common technology systems for artificial intelligence, make prompt arrangements in weak areas, and ensure that key core technologies of artificial intelligence are firmly in our own hands.” Increase support for basic research and key technology breakthroughs in the field of artificial intelligence. Through means such as establishing special funds and policy incentives, encourage technology enterprises and scientific research institutions to strengthen core technology research and development in areas such as high-end chips and basic software, reduce dependence on foreign technology, and firmly grasp technological sovereignty. Establish and improve the digital sovereignty framework, and strengthen control and protection over data resources and data flows.

确保关键技术自主可控，提升治理效能。习近平总书记指出，“要主攻关键核心技术，以问题为导向，全面增强人工智能科技创新能力，加快建立新一代人工智能关键共性技术体系，在短板上抓紧布局，确保人工智能关键核心技术牢牢掌握在自己手里”。加大对人工智能领域基础研究和关键技术攻关的支持力度，通过设立专项基金、政策激励等方式，鼓励科技企业与科研机构在高端芯片、基础软件等方面加强核心技术研发，减少对国外技术的依赖，牢牢掌握技术主权。建立和完善数字主权框架，强化对数据资源和数据流动的控制与保护。

Promote international exchange and cooperation, and provide a governance framework. Always adhere to the concept of openness, inclusiveness, and multilateral cooperation, actively participate in the formulation of international artificial intelligence governance standards and rules, proactively contribute governance solutions with Chinese characteristics, strive to bridge the global gap in intelligent development, advocate reaching broad consensus on technical standards, development strategies, and governance rules, provide a new framework for promoting global artificial intelligence governance, and ensure the fairness and inclusiveness of the global governance system. Share practical achievements in artificial intelligence governance through the Belt and Road Initiative digital cooperation network, promote cooperation with relevant countries in artificial intelligence technology research and development, application, ethics, and other aspects, strengthen technical exchanges with globally leading artificial intelligence enterprises and scientific research institutions, narrow the global digital divide, avoid technological fragmentation and blockade, and ensure that artificial intelligence truly becomes a universal technology that benefits all of humanity.

促进国际交流与合作，提供治理框架。始终秉持开放包容、多边合作的理念，积极参与国际人工智能治理标准与规则的制定，主动贡献具有中国特色的治理方案，着力推动全球智能发展差距的弥合，倡导在技术标准、发展战略和治理规则等方面达成广泛共识，为推动全球人工智能治理提供新的框架，确保全球治理体系的公平性和包容性。通过“一带一路”数字合作网络共享人工智能治理实践成果，推动与相关国家在人工智能技术研发、应用、伦理等方面的合作，加强与全球领先的人工智能企业、科研机构的技术交流，缩小全球数字鸿沟，避免技术割裂与封锁，确保人工智能真正成为造福全人类的普惠技术。

(Author: Professor of the Economics Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School [National Academy of Governance], Distinguished Professor of the School of Marxism of Huaqiao University)

（作者：中央党校〔国家行政学院〕经济学教研部教授 、华侨大学马克思主义学院特聘教授）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心