Fully Recognizing the Military Revolutionary Significance of New Quality Combat Effectiveness

Editor’s Note: Today, the People’s Liberation Army celebrates its ninety-eighth birthday. Over the past 98 years, the people’s army has passed through the smoke of gunpowder and the flames of war, hacked its way through thorns and brambles every step of the way, paid enormous sacrifices, won one brilliant victory after another, and rendered great historical feats of service to the Party and the people. At present, as a new round of the technological revolution and the military revolution accelerates, the forms of war and modes of operations are undergoing profound changes, and the struggle for the strategic initiative in military competition is growing fiercer. Chairman Xi Jinping, responding to the changes of the era, the changes in technology, the changes in warfare, and the changes in development, has keenly grasped the trends in world military development and the laws of modern warfare, creatively put forward the concept of new quality combat effectiveness, and systematically answered the question of “what wars our military fights and how it fights them.” Deeply studying the characteristics and laws of modern warfare and accelerating the development of new quality combat effectiveness is both an urgent task for our military in building a world-class military and a requirement of the times for our military to win future wars. So, what is new quality combat effectiveness? How should new quality combat effectiveness be developed? Around these questions, the theory section of this newspaper publishes an expert article for the readers’ benefit.

编者按：今天，中国人民解放军迎来第九十八个生日。98年来，人民军队历经硝烟战火，一路披荆斩棘，付出巨大牺牲，取得一个又一个辉煌胜利，为党和人民建立了伟大的历史功勋。当前，随着新一轮科技革命和军事革命加速发展，战争形态和作战方式发生深刻变化，军事竞争战略主动权的争夺更加激烈。习近平主席因应时代之变、科技之变、战争之变、发展之变，敏锐把握世界军事发展趋势和现代战争规律，创造性提出新质战斗力这个概念，系统回答了我军“打什么仗、怎么打仗”的问题。深入研究现代战争特点规律，加快发展新质战斗力，既是我军建设世界一流军队的紧迫课题，也是我军打赢未来战争的时代要求。那么，什么是新质战斗力？如何发展新质战斗力？本报理论版围绕这些问题刊发专家文章，以飨读者。

Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military was formed and developed under the historical conditions of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a New Era and the world situation, national conditions, and military circumstances undergoing profound changes. It is the theoretical crystallization and scientific guide of the great practice of the cause of strengthening the military in the New Era. Chairman Xi Jinping, focusing on the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, has led the entire military in in-depth theoretical exploration and practical creation around the question of what kind of strong people’s military to build in the New Era and how to build a strong people’s military. He has profoundly answered major questions concerning the mission and tasks, the goals, the fundamental principles, the strategic layout, and the important pathways of strengthening the military and rejuvenating it in the New Era, forming Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, the latest achievement in the Party’s military guiding theory. The original and emblematic concept of new quality combat effectiveness systematically answers the question of “what wars our military fights and how it fights them,” profoundly reveals the characteristics, laws, and mechanisms for gaining victory in modern warfare, and is an important component of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military. Fully recognizing the military revolutionary significance of this important concept can provide scientific theoretical and practical guidance for us to seize the commanding heights of military struggle, gain new advantages in competitive development, and realize the centenary goal of military building.

习近平强军思想是在中国特色社会主义进入新时代、世情国情军情发生深刻变化的历史条件下形成发展的，是新时代强军事业伟大实践的理论结晶和科学指南。习近平主席着眼于实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，围绕新时代建设一支什么样的强大人民军队、怎样建设强大人民军队，带领全军深入进行理论探索和实践创造，深刻回答了新时代强军兴军的使命任务、奋斗目标、根本原则、战略布局、重要路径等重大问题，形成了习近平强军思想这一党的军事指导理论最新成果。新质战斗力这个原创性概念、标识性概念系统回答了我军“打什么仗、怎么打仗”的问题，深刻揭示了现代战争的特点规律和制胜机理，是习近平强军思想的重要组成部分。充分认识这一重要概念的军事革命意义，能为我们抢占军事斗争制高点、谋取竞争发展新优势，实现建军一百年奋斗目标提供科学的理论和实践指引。

The concept of new quality combat effectiveness is put forward on the basis of accurately grasping the characteristics, laws, and mechanisms for gaining victory in modern warfare and firmly seizing the establishment of combat effectiveness as the sole and fundamental standard for strengthening the military and rejuvenating it.

新质战斗力概念是准确把握现代战争特点规律和制胜机理、紧紧扭住树立战斗力这个强军兴军唯一的根本的标准而提出的

Engels pointed out: “The theoretical thinking of each age, including our own, is a historical product.” [n1] New quality combat effectiveness is an original and emblematic concept put forward by Chairman Xi Jinping, who keenly grasps the trends in world military development and the laws of modern warfare.

恩格斯指出：“每一个时代的理论思维，包括我们这个时代的理论思维，都是一种历史的产物”。新质战斗力，是习近平主席敏锐把握世界军事发展趋势和现代战争规律提出的一个原创性概念、标识性概念。

Problems are the call of the times. With the accelerated development of a new round of the technological revolution and the military revolution, warfare is showing a trend toward being formless, silent, and unmanned. The question “where does combat effectiveness come from” has become a question of the era that national defense and military building must face. Looking at several recent local wars and military operations in the world, such as the Ukraine crisis and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the degree of informatization in modern warfare is constantly increasing, and the characteristics of intelligentization are increasingly evident. Some new technological equipment has formed a situation of dimensionality-reduction strikes against traditional equipment. The concepts, elements, and methods for gaining victory in war have undergone major changes. The collective emergence of innovative achievements in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence and their widespread application in the military field have led to a new trend of integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization in warfare. This manifests itself in modern warfare characteristics such as the integration of battlefield space into multi-dimensional space, the transition of combat platforms toward unmanned systems, the evolution of combat command toward intelligentization, the development of military strikes toward precision and instantaneity, and the upgrading of the control of war toward “control of the brain.” [n2] It also manifests itself in the era characteristics of the mechanisms for gaining victory in war, such as information dominance, strategic balancing, integrated operations, and new quality decisive victory.

问题是时代的呼声。随着新一轮科技革命和军事革命加速发展，战争出现无形、无声、无人趋势，“战斗力从哪里来”的问题成为国防和军队建设必须面对的时代之问。从乌克兰危机、巴以冲突等世界近几场局部战争和军事行动看，现代战争信息化程度不断提高、智能化特征日益显现，一些新的技术装备对传统装备形成降维打击态势，战争制胜观念、制胜要素、制胜方式发生重大变化。人工智能等新兴领域创新成果群体性涌现并广泛运用于军事领域，使战争出现机械化信息化智能化融合发展的新趋势，表现为战场空间向多维空间一体化融合、作战平台向无人化跃迁、作战指挥向智能化演进、军事打击向精准化瞬时化发展、战争制权向“制脑权”升维等现代战争特点，以及战争制胜机理凸显信息主导、战略制衡、整体作战、新质决胜等时代特征。

As early as 2013, Chairman Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must focus on strengthening the building of new-type combat forces, set a deadline for reducing the quantity of old equipment, and make room for new-type combat forces.” The concept of new quality combat effectiveness began to take shape. In January 2019, at a military work conference of the Central Military Commission, Chairman Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must strengthen the building of new-type combat forces and increase the proportion of new quality combat effectiveness.” The concept of new quality combat effectiveness was formally put forward. On the eve of “August 1st” in 2020, [n3] when inspecting the Air Force Aviation University, Chairman Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must keep close pace with the development trends of the world’s new military revolution” and “accelerate the incubation and generation of new quality combat effectiveness.” In October 2022, in his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, Chairman Xi Jinping pointed out: “Build a powerful strategic deterrence force system and increase the proportion of new-domain and new-quality combat forces.” In March 2024, when attending the plenary meeting of the delegation of the People’s Liberation Army and the People’s Armed Police Force at the Second Session of the 14th National People’s Congress, Chairman Xi Jinping emphasized: “Promote the efficient integration and two-way pull of new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness” and “create growth poles for new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness.”

习近平主席早在2013年就指出：“要重点加强新型作战力量建设，限期把老旧装备数量压下来，为新型作战力量腾笼换鸟。”新质战斗力的概念初见雏形。2019年1月，习近平主席在中央军委军事工作会议上指出：“要加强新型作战力量建设，增加新质战斗力比重。”新质战斗力概念正式提出。2020年“八一”前夕，习近平主席视察空军航空大学时强调：“要紧跟世界新军事革命发展趋势”“推动新质战斗力加速孵化和生成”。2022年10月，习近平主席在党的二十大报告中指出：“打造强大战略威慑力量体系，增加新域新质作战力量比重”。2024年3月，习近平主席在出席十四届全国人大二次会议解放军和武警部队代表团全体会议时强调：“推动新质生产力同新质战斗力高效融合、双向拉动”“打造新质生产力和新质战斗力增长极”。

Combat effectiveness is the operational capability of an army. In the agricultural era, combat effectiveness manifested as “muscle competition” of manpower plus iron weapons. In the industrial era, combat effectiveness manifested as “mechanized crushing” of oil plus steel. In the information era, the dominant form of combat effectiveness presents “informationized confrontation” based on system-of-systems capability.

战斗力即军队作战能力。农业时代，战斗力表现为人力加铁器的“肌肉比拼”；工业时代，战斗力表现为石油加钢铁的“机械化碾压”；信息时代，战斗力的主导形态呈现基于体系力的“信息化对抗”。

New quality combat effectiveness relies on emerging scientific and technological means and advanced operational concepts. It is a system-of-systems operational capability based on information systems. Its “newness” lies in implanting informationization genes into all elements, integrating them into networked channels, and using new technologies, new equipment, and new tactics, so that the military system exhibits new advantages such as strategy-enabled energy, information-enabled energy, network-concentrated energy, technology-strengthened energy, and system-released energy. Taking artificial intelligence technology as an example, through technical means such as machine learning and big data analysis, it can achieve real-time perception and超前预测 [n4] of the battlefield situation, effectively improving the scientific nature of decision-making, battlefield control capability, and the probability of operational victory.

新质战斗力依托新兴科技手段和先进作战理念，是基于信息系统的体系作战能力，其“新”在于全要素植入信息化基因、融进网络化通道，运用新技术、新装备、新战法，使军事体系呈现出谋略导能、信息赋能、网络聚能、技术强能、体系释能等新优势。以人工智能技术为例，它能够通过机器学习和大数据分析等技术手段，实现对战场态势的实时感知、超前预测，有效提升决策科学性、战场把控力和作战制胜率。

Chairman Xi Jinping pointed out: “The military is meant for war preparation, and all work must adhere to the combat effectiveness standard and focus on being able to fight and win wars.” Only by grasping the characteristics, laws, and mechanisms for gaining victory in modern warfare can we clarify what wars to fight in the future and how to fight them, thereby anchoring the logical basis for war preparation and identifying the correct direction for the development of military combat effectiveness. The concept of new quality combat effectiveness is put forward precisely on the basis of accurately grasping the characteristics, laws, and mechanisms for gaining victory in modern warfare, firmly seizing the establishment of combat effectiveness as the sole and fundamental standard for strengthening the military and rejuvenating it, and focusing on enhancing the operational capability of our military.

习近平主席指出：“军队是要准备打仗的，一切工作都必须坚持战斗力标准，向能打仗、打胜仗聚焦。”只有把握现代战争的特点规律和制胜机理，才能明晰未来打什么仗、怎么打仗，从而锚定战争准备的逻辑基点，找准军队战斗力发展方向。新质战斗力这一概念，就是准确把握现代战争特点规律和制胜机理、紧紧扭住树立战斗力这个强军兴军唯一的根本的标准，着眼于提升我军作战能力而提出的。

From “combat effectiveness” to “new quality combat effectiveness,” this is not only an evolution of terms and concepts but also embodies the profound grasp by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core of the changes unseen in a century in the world, the profound grasp of the development trends of a new round of the technological revolution and the military revolution, and the profound grasp of the laws of modernization and development of the Chinese military.

从“战斗力”到“新质战斗力”，不仅是术语、概念的演进，更体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对世界百年未有之大变局的深刻把握，对新一轮科技革命和军事革命发展趋势的深刻把握，对中国军队现代化建设与发展规律的深刻把握。

A military revolution is not a simple replacement of weapons, but a systemic project driven by the application of disruptive technologies, guided by innovation in operational theory, leveraged by adjustments in organizational structure and staffing, and propelled by the demands of strategic competition. New quality combat effectiveness is the core component and yardstick of this systemic project. Within this constantly evolving systemic project, the military revolution provides broad space and sufficient conditions for new quality combat effectiveness to display its capabilities, while new quality combat effectiveness provides intelligent support and directional guidance for the deepening evolution of the military revolution. The two are mutually conditional and interact, jointly determining a nation’s position of victory or defeat in future wars. Historically, every military revolution has been prominently manifested as the generational crushing of old systems by new types of combat forces. From a technological perspective, new quality combat effectiveness essentially originates from the clustered breakthrough of key technologies. Currently, frontier technologies represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, hypersonics, directed energy, and bio-convergence are forming a “technology cluster” in the military domain. Through the full-chain coupling of computing power carriers, algorithms, data, platforms, and systems, they generate systemic combat effectiveness far exceeding the effectiveness of individual weapons. From the perspective of military organizational structure and staffing, new quality combat effectiveness requires the military’s organizational system to compress intermediate levels, shifting from a cumbersome, multi-layered bureaucracy to a networked, flattened structure, and from self-contained service branches to flexible force combinations driven by operational tasks, thereby clearing the way for new quality combat effectiveness. From the perspective of the strategic competition pattern among major powers, whichever side first forms and effectively utilizes new quality combat effectiveness will gain the “initiative” and “strategic advantage” in strategic games.

军事革命不是简单的武器更新，而是以颠覆性技术运用为引擎、以作战理论创新为先导、以体制编制调整为杠杆、以战略博弈需求为牵引的系统工程，新质战斗力则是这一系统工程的核心组成部分和衡量标准。在这个不断发展变化的系统工程中，军事革命为新质战斗力施展拳脚提供广阔空间和充分条件，新质战斗力为军事革命深化演进提供智能支撑和方向引领，两者互为条件、相互作用，共同决定着一个国家在未来战争中的胜负地位。从历史上看，每一次军事革命都突出表现为新型作战力量对旧体系的代差碾压。从技术层面看，新质战斗力本质上源于关键技术的集群突破。当前，以人工智能、量子信息、高超声速、定向能、生物交叉为代表的前沿技术，正在军事领域形成“技术群”，通过算力载体—算法—数据—平台—系统的全链路耦合，产生远超单一武器效能的体系战斗力。从军队体制编制看，新质战斗力要求军队组织体系压缩中间层次，由叠床架屋的科层制向网络化扁平化转变，由军种自成体系向以作战任务为牵引进行力量灵活组合转变，为新质战斗力腾笼换鸟。从大国战略竞争格局看，谁率先形成并有效运用新质战斗力，谁就能在战略博弈中获得“先手棋”和“主动权”。

Regarding how to promote the generation of new quality combat effectiveness, President Xi Jinping has identified several key points. First, on the fundamental principle, it is necessary to uphold and strengthen the Party’s absolute leadership over the military. President Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Party’s absolute leadership over the military is an essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, an important political advantage of the Party and the state, and the foundation of the people’s military’s establishment and the soul of its strengthening.” Second, on the supporting carrier, it is clarified that “science and technology are the core combat effectiveness of modern warfare.” It is necessary to grasp the “bull’s nose” of emerging technologies, advance major projects in national defense science and technology and weaponry and equipment to achieve “bending the curve and overtaking” in key areas such as intelligent unmanned systems and network information systems, and construct a new quality combat effectiveness system. Third, adhere to the essential requirements of Chinese characteristics. The “Decision” of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee [5]5 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, held in November 2013, adopted a comprehensive decision on deepening reform, including military reform. clearly proposed “building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics,” and the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [6]6 The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, held in October 2022, set the Party’s guiding principles and strategic goals for the next five years and beyond. proposed “prosperously developing a culture of strengthening the military and reinforcing the cultivation of fighting spirit,” clearly answering the question of how new quality combat effectiveness embodies the essential requirements of Chinese characteristics. These three aspects are both an inheritance and development of our military’s fine traditions and an innovation in adapting Marxist military theory to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, which has been fully verified in the practice of strengthening the military.

关于如何推动新质战斗力生成，习近平主席指明了几个关键点。一是在根本原则上，必须坚持和加强党对军队的绝对领导。习近平主席指出：“党对军队的绝对领导是中国特色社会主义的本质特征，是党和国家的重要政治优势，是人民军队的建军之本、强军之魂。”二是在支撑载体上，明确“科技是现代战争的核心战斗力”。要扭住新兴科技这个“牛鼻子”，推进国防科技和武器装备重大工程在智能无人系统、网络信息体系等关键领域实现“弯道超车”，构建新质战斗力体系。三是坚持中国特色本质要求。党的十八届三中全会《决定》明确提出“构建中国特色现代军事力量体系”，党的二十大报告提出“繁荣发展强军文化，强化战斗精神培育”，明确回答新质战斗力怎样体现中国特色本质要求的问题。这三个方面，既是对我军优良传统的继承发展，也是对马克思主义军事理论的中国化时代化创新，已经在强军实践中得到充分印证。

The concept of new quality combat effectiveness achieves multiple strategic value breakthroughs in the history of military thought, academic history, and practical history.

新质战斗力概念在军事思想史、学术史、实践史中实现多重战略价值突破

New quality combat effectiveness is, in essence, a product of scientific and technological innovation and theoretical innovation. Engels pointed out: “Every new insight produced by a science contains a revolution in the terminology of that science.” [7]7 A paraphrase of Engels’s observation in *Capital*, Volume I, Preface to the First German Edition, regarding the revolutionary nature of new scientific concepts. Standing at the forefront of the times, President Xi Jinping, building upon the existing military thought of classical Marxist writers, has carried out a “revolution in terminology” through original terms such as “new types of combat capabilities,” “strategic capabilities in emerging domains,” and “new quality combat effectiveness,” forming the unique identifier of Xi Jinping’s thought on strengthening the military, adding a new cornerstone to the edifice of Marxist military theory, and achieving multiple strategic value breakthroughs in the history of military thought, academic history, and practical history.

新质战斗力，本质上是科技创新、理论创新的产物。恩格斯指出：“一门科学提出的每一种新见解都包含这门科学的术语的革命。”习近平主席站在时代前沿，在马克思主义经典作家既有军事思想的基础上，通过“新型作战能力”“新兴领域战略能力”“新质战斗力”等原创术语进行“术语的革命”，形成习近平强军思想的特有标识，为马克思主义军事理论大厦增添了新的基石，在军事思想史、学术史、实践史中实现多重战略价值突破。

Conceptual transcendence in the history of military thought. President Xi Jinping pointed out: “Scientific military theory is itself combat effectiveness.” Scientific military theory can reveal the laws of war, the laws of war guidance, and the laws of military construction, guiding the building and application of military forces. Scientific military theory always develops from specific concepts of combat effectiveness. From ancient to modern times, combat effectiveness has always been understood as a composite composed of personnel, weapons, and the combination of personnel and weapons. In *Anti-Dühring*, Engels pointed out that the military “depends first of all on the level of production and the state of communications at the time,” [8]8 A reference to Engels’s argument in *Anti-Dühring* (Part II, Chapter 3) that military organization and outcomes are determined by material and economic conditions. placing combat effectiveness within the overall chain of the social mode of production for the first time.

军事思想史上的概念超越。习近平主席指出：“科学的军事理论就是战斗力”。科学的军事理论，能够揭示战争规律、战争指导规律和军队建设规律，指导军事力量建设和运用，而科学的军事理论总是从特定战斗力概念生发开来的。从古代到近代，战斗力始终被理解为一个由人、武器以及人与武器结合构成的复合体。恩格斯在《反杜林论》中指出，军队“首先依赖于当时的生产水平和交通状况”，首次把战斗力放置在社会生产方式的整体链条中考察。

The significance of the concept of new quality combat effectiveness in the history of military thought lies in shifting the focus of combat effectiveness from weaponry competition to systemic confrontation, achieving a transcendence of traditional combat effectiveness theory. First, transcendence of the conceptual foundation. The traditional concept of combat effectiveness is based on mechanical energy and chemical energy, always following the linear competition logic of “spear sharpness” and “shield thickness.” The concept of new quality combat effectiveness relies on new types of energy such as data, algorithms, and computing power, forming non-linear advantages. Second, transcendence of the composition of conceptual elements. The traditional concept of combat effectiveness emphasizes the three elements of personnel, weapons, and force configuration, highlighting the tactical combination of “human-machine coordination.” On this basis, the concept of new quality combat effectiveness places greater emphasis on the composition of the “new three elements” of data elements, algorithm elements, and cross-domain elements, highlighting the integrated role of the “human, machine, and intelligence” trinity, forming new qualitative advantages. Third, transcendence of the conceptual operational domain. The traditional concept of combat effectiveness focuses on the struggle for control over physical spaces such as land, sea, air, and outer space; the concept of new quality combat effectiveness focuses on emerging domains, directly intervening in enemy decision-making in the network domain, information domain, and cognitive domain, to achieve the strategic goal of subduing the enemy without fighting.

新质战斗力概念的军事思想史意义在于，把战斗力重心从武器比拼转向体系对抗，实现了对传统战斗力理论的超越。一是概念基底的超越。传统战斗力概念以机械能、化学能为基底，始终遵循“矛尖”“盾厚”的线性比拼逻辑。新质战斗力概念依托数据、算法、算力等新型能量，形成非线性优势。二是概念要素构成的超越。传统战斗力概念注重人员、武器、力量配置的三要素构成，强调“人机协同”的战术组合。新质战斗力概念在此基础上更加注重数据要素、算法要素、跨域要素的“新三要素”构成，强调“人、机、智”三位一体的集成作用，形成新质优势。三是概念作战域的超越。传统战斗力概念聚焦陆海空天等实体空间控制权争夺；新质战斗力概念则聚焦新兴领域，在网络域、信息域、认知域直接干预敌方决策，以达到不战而屈人之兵的战略目的。

Terminological innovation in military academic history. Engels pointed out that “the whole organization and mode of fighting of armies, and along with these victory or defeat, depend on material, i.e., economic conditions,” [9]9 A further reference to Engels’s *Anti-Dühring*, emphasizing the materialist basis of military affairs. establishing a historical materialist methodology for the study of combat effectiveness. Soviet Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov once proposed a “military-technical revolution,” but did not break through “technological determinism”; the frequent “military transformation” in the United States fell into the logic of “replacing operational platforms” from old weapons to new ones. Since the New Era, President Xi Jinping has made important expositions on “promoting the efficient integration and two-way pull of new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness,” enriching and developing the conceptual system of Marxist military theory.

军事学术史上的术语创新。恩格斯指出“军队的全部组织和作战方式以及与之有关的胜负，取决于物质的即经济的条件”，为战斗力研究奠定了历史唯物主义方法论。苏联元帅奥加尔科夫曾提出“军事技术革命”，但未突破“技术决定论”；美国频繁的“军事转型”则陷入从旧武器到新武器的“作战平台替换”逻辑。新时代以来，习近平主席作出“推动新质生产力同新质战斗力高效融合、双向拉动”重要论述，丰富发展了马克思主义军事理论概念体系。

Its contribution to military academic history lies in using “new” to signify technological mutation and “quality” to characterize the structural qualitative change of combat effectiveness, avoiding the technological omnipotence mindset of using one key to open all locks; incorporating data, algorithms, talent, and organization into the system of integrated pull between productive forces and combat effectiveness, reshaping the underlying logic of combat effectiveness generation, and opening a channel for complexity science to enter military research. The terminology system determines the discourse system. Innovation in military terminology plays a foundational, guiding, and supporting role for innovation in military science. It is not a simple update at the linguistic level, but a theoretical shaping of the deepening of military understanding, the upgrading of strategic thinking, and the innovation of operational methods. Once a new military concept is fixed in the form of a term, it means that the theoretical abstraction of the characteristics, laws, and mechanisms of winning wars has been completed. Only by forming a theoretically self-consistent group of terms can we break free from the simple transplantation of foreign military terminology and lay the foundation for the systematic development of military science.

其军事学术史贡献在于，以“新”标识技术突变，以“质”表征战斗力结构质变，避免一把钥匙开所有锁的技术万能思维；将数据、算法、人才、组织纳入生产力、战斗力融合拉动体系，重塑了战斗力生成底层逻辑，为复杂性科学进入军事研究打开通道。术语体系决定话语体系。军事术语的创新对军事科学创新具有奠基性、先导性和支撑性作用，它不是语言层面的简单更新，而是军事认识深化、战略思维升级和作战方式创新的理论塑造。军事新概念一旦以术语形式被固定，就意味着它对战争特点、规律和制胜机理的理论抽象工作已经完成。只有形成理论自洽的术语群，才能摆脱对外军术语的简单移植，为军事科学系统化发展奠定基础。

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of emerging domains and battlefield spaces, new theories of war and operations have emerged one after another. For example, the United States has proposed “Network-Centric Warfare,” “Global Prompt Strike,” and “Multi-Domain Operations”; Russia has proposed a “Non-Nuclear Deterrence Strategy” and “Strategic Aerospace Operations”; Japan has proposed “Cross-Domain Defense.” All are attempts to gain new military advantages through theoretical innovation.

近年来，随着新兴领域和战场空间不断拓展，新的战争和作战理论层出不穷，如美国提出“网络中心战”“全球快速打击”“全域战”，俄罗斯提出“非核遏制战略”“战略性空天战役”，日本提出“跨域防卫”等，都是试图通过理论创新赢得新的军事优势。

The proposal of this original and iconic concept of new quality combat effectiveness creatively reveals the dialectical unity relationship between “new” and “quality,” elucidates the theoretical connotation of new quality combat effectiveness, profoundly reveals the general laws of the generation and development of new quality combat effectiveness, expands new horizons in military theory, deepens new understanding of military theory, thereby breaking free from traditional models and development paths of combat effectiveness generation, achieving the optimization, adjustment, innovation, and transformation of the constituent elements of combat effectiveness, opening up a new path for liberating and developing combat effectiveness, and significantly enhancing the discursive weight of our country’s military science research in the global military academic field.

新质战斗力这个原创性概念、标识性概念的提出，创造性地揭示“新”与“质”的辩证统一关系，阐明了新质战斗力的理论内涵，深刻揭示了新质战斗力生成和发展的一般规律，拓展了军事理论新视域，深化了对军事理论新认识，由此摆脱传统战斗力生成模式和发展路径，实现对战斗力构成要素的优化调整和创新变革，开辟了解放和发展战斗力新路径，显著提升了我国军事科学研究在全球军事学术领域的话语权重。

Breakthroughs in the qualitative state of combat effectiveness in the history of military practice. The core of a breakthrough in the qualitative state of combat effectiveness lies in the generation and development of new quality combat effectiveness. The concept of new quality combat effectiveness has advanced the development of Marxist military theory, innovated the model for generating combat effectiveness, and led the leap in the practice of building a strong military. During the revolutionary war years, our army adhered to "learning warfare through warfare," creating the people's war strategy and tactics marked primarily by the "Sixteen-Character Formula"[10]10 The "Sixteen-Character Formula" (十六字诀) refers to the basic operational principles of the Chinese Red Army during the early revolutionary period: "The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue.", generating extraordinary combat effectiveness that defeated powerful enemies with inferior equipment. After the founding of New China, facing the perilous situation on the Korean battlefield, the Chinese People's Volunteers created combat methods such as "nibbling away at the sugarcoated bullet"[11]11 "Nibbling away at the sugarcoated bullet" (零敲牛皮糖) is a metaphor used by the Chinese military during the Korean War, describing a tactic of small-scale, cumulative attacks to wear down a superior enemy, akin to breaking off small pieces from a hard candy., accumulating small victories into major ones, and shattering the myth of the invincibility of the U.S. military. With the successful development of the "two bombs, one satellite"[12]12 "Two bombs, one satellite" (两弹一星) refers to China's successful development of nuclear bombs (atomic and hydrogen), missiles, and artificial satellites in the 1960s and 1970s, a major milestone in national defense and technological modernization., our army achieved a qualitative leap in strategic deterrence capability, winning a precious peaceful development environment for our country.

军事实践史上的战斗力质态突破。战斗力质态突破的核心，在于新质战斗力的生成与发展。新质战斗力概念推动了马克思主义军事理论的发展，并创新了战斗力生成模式、引领着强军实践跃升。革命战争年代，我军坚持“从战争中学习战争”，创造了以“十六字诀”为主要标志的人民战争战略战术，生成了以劣势装备战胜强敌的非凡战力；新中国成立后，面对朝鲜战场的险恶态势，志愿军创造了“零敲牛皮糖”等作战方法，积小胜为大胜，打破了美军不可战胜的神话；随着“两弹一星”的成功研制，我军实现了战略威慑能力的质态跃升，为我国赢得宝贵的和平发展环境。

Entering the New Era, facing the bottleneck in generating combat effectiveness under long-term peaceful conditions, President Xi Jinping has profoundly grasped the crux of developing new quality combat effectiveness, requiring the military to "strengthen the unity of warfare and training, adhere to leading training with warfare and promoting warfare through training, achieve training according to actual combat requirements, and realize the integration of operations and training," pointing the way for generating new quality combat effectiveness through a "combat-oriented" training model.

进入新时代，面对长期和平条件下战斗力生成瓶颈，习近平主席深刻洞察发展新质战斗力的要害所在，要求军队“强化战训一致，坚持以战领训、以训促战，做到按实战要求训练，实现作战和训练一体化”，为生成新质战斗力指明了“实战化”厉兵模式。

President Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must accelerate the development of advanced equipment, intensify the cultivation of specialized personnel, strengthen targeted and confrontational training, and promote the accelerated enhancement of new quality combat effectiveness." To maximize proximity to actual combat, the Central Military Commission has unified standards and requirements, established specialized confrontational training bases, and built "Blue Army"[13]13 "Blue Army" (蓝军) is a term used in Chinese military training for an opposing force (OPFOR) that simulates an enemy in realistic combat exercises, contrasting with the "Red Army" representing friendly forces. units with sophisticated equipment and top-tier quality. This has completely broken the traditional "Red Army always wins" pattern of confrontational drills, even producing scenes where the "Red Army" is routed by the "Blue Army" before it can deploy. This guides officers and soldiers to treat failure as a whetstone, to hone the hard skills of winning from "defeated battles," gradually fostering a training culture of real fighting and real confrontation, directing the qualitative improvement of combat effectiveness straight toward the future battlefield.

习近平主席指出：“要加快发展先进装备，加紧培养专业人才，加强针对性对抗性训练，推动新质战斗力加速提升。”为了最大限度贴近实战，中央军委统一标准要求，建立专业化对抗训练基地和装备精良、素质一流的“蓝军”部队。这彻底打破了“红军必胜”的传统对抗演练定式，甚至出现“红军”未及展开即遭“蓝军”击溃的场景。由此，引导官兵把失败当成磨刀石、从“败仗”中淬炼打赢硬功，逐步营造真打实抗的训练文化，使战斗力质态提升直指未来战场。

The concept of new quality combat effectiveness has profound strategic guiding significance for winning the initiative on the future battlefield.

新质战斗力概念对赢得未来战场主动权具有深远的战略指导意义

President Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must stand high and see far, discern the subtle, perceive the trends of development and change in the world military field, see the major impact of the world's new military revolution, and form scientific understanding and judgment." This important exposition has profound strategic guiding significance for us in accelerating the generation and application of new quality combat effectiveness and winning the initiative on the future battlefield.

习近平主席指出：“我们要登高望远、见微知著，看到世界军事领域发展变化走向，看到世界新军事革命重大影响，形成科学的认识和判断”。这一重要论述，对于我们加速生成运用新质战斗力、赢得未来战场主动权具有深远的战略指导意义。

Foreseeing the unbounded transformation of the form of war. In 2015, President Xi Jinping emphasized that the Army must "accelerate the transformation from a regional defense type to an all-domain operations type." "All-domain" is a multi-dimensional concept. The "all-domain operations type" means that the form of military combat effectiveness possesses the capability for all-domain coverage. Currently, the spatiotemporal characteristics of war have undergone major changes; multi-dimensional battlefield spaces are integrated into one, and the boundaries between strategy, operations, and tactics are becoming blurred. This requires our army to implement a holistic view of national security, to conform to the trend of the unbounded transformation of war in preparing for combat, to break through the constraints of traditional warfare boundaries such as those between military and civilian, front and rear, offense and defense, part and whole, war space and peace space, and national borders and the expansion barriers of national strategic interests, to generate all-domain operations-type combat effectiveness from the overall strategic perspective, providing comprehensive security guarantees for the nation and society.

预见战争形态无界化变革。2015年，习近平主席强调，陆军要“加快实现区域防卫型向全域作战型转变”。“全域”是一个多维度概念。“全域作战型”是指军队战斗力形态具备全域覆盖能力。当前，战争的时空特性发生重大变化，多维战场空间融为一体，战略、战役、战术的界限趋于模糊。这就要求我军贯彻总体国家安全观，在备战打仗中顺应战争无界化变革趋势，突破传统作战中军与民、前与后、攻与防、局部与整体、战争空间与和平空间、国家疆界与国家战略利益拓展壁垒等界限束缚，从战略全局着眼，生成全域作战型战斗力，为国家社会提供全方位安全保障。

From the perspective of the mechanism of combat effectiveness, traditional combat effectiveness takes physical energy and chemical energy as the dominant forms of energy; operations generally move along "points" and "lines," and war has boundaries. New quality combat effectiveness takes information energy and intelligence as the dominant forms of energy; operations generally move across "surfaces" and "networks," and war is without boundaries. For example, for the rapidly evolving cyber weapons, they have neither temporal barriers—"existing at all times"—nor spatial barriers—"penetrating every crack." This revolutionary change in the form of energy causes war to manifest as an unbounded form of warfare.

从战斗力机理看，传统战斗力是以物理能、化学能为主导能量形式，作战总体上属于“点”“线”运动，战争是有边有界的；新质战斗力是以信息能、智能为主导能量形式，作战总体上属于“面”“网”运动，战争是无边无界的。如对于正在飞速演进的网络武器来说，它既没有时间屏障——“无时不有”，也没有空间屏障——“无孔不入”。这种能量形式的革命性变化，使战争呈现无界战形态。

From the perspective of the elements of war, whether in wars filled with gunpowder smoke or wars without it, the subjects, objects, tools, and methods of combat have no clear boundaries. The Ukraine crisis and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict both exhibit "globalization" characteristics of pulling one place and moving the world: besides the directly warring countries, many countries worldwide are drawn in as indirect belligerents or associated participants.

从战争要素看，无论充满硝烟的战争还是不见硝烟的战争，作战的主体、对象、工具、方式等已无明确界限。乌克兰危机、巴以冲突均呈现牵一地而动世界的“全球化”特征：除了直接交战国，世界多国均作为间接参战方或连带参与方被卷入其中。

From the perspective of war space, whether on the "hard battlefield" of gun and artillery battles, naval and air battles, and unmanned platform battles, or on the "soft battlefield" of trade wars, technology wars, and cyber wars, war has integrated multi-dimensional spaces such as land, sea, air, space, electromagnetic, cyber, information, psychology, and intelligence into one, forming an infinitely vast "super battlefield." A prominent feature of the unbounded transformation of war is that non-military forces increasingly display extraordinary power. This requires us, in promoting the construction of new quality combat effectiveness, to grasp the new characteristics and new requirements of people's war under the new conditions of the times, inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of people's war, innovate and develop the strategy and tactics of people's war, enhance national cohesion and military combat effectiveness, and build a strong Great Wall of steel to win wars without boundaries and without gunpowder smoke.

从战争空间看，无论是在枪炮战、舰机战、无人平台战等“硬战场”，还是在贸易战、科技战、网络战等“软战场”，战争已经将陆、海、空、天、电、网、信、心、智等多维空间融为一体，形成一个无限广阔的“超级战场”。战争无界化变革的一个突出特征，即非军事力量日益展现超常威力。这就要求我们在推进新质战斗力建设中，把握在新的时代条件下人民战争的新特点新要求，继承发扬人民战争优良传统，创新发展人民战争战略战术，提升国家凝聚力、军队战斗力，为打赢没有界限、不见硝烟的战争筑牢钢铁长城。

Insight into the revolutionary change in the mechanism of winning wars. President Xi Jinping pointed out: "Modern warfare has indeed undergone profound changes. These changes may seem dazzling, but there are laws behind them; fundamentally, the mechanism of winning wars has changed." Only by clarifying the mechanism of winning wars can we possibly grasp the laws of war and win victory in war.

洞察战争制胜机理的革命性变化。习近平主席指出：“现代战争确实发生了深刻变化。这些变化看上去眼花缭乱，但背后是有规律可循的，根本的是战争的制胜机理变了。”只有搞清战争制胜机理，才可能把握战争规律、赢得战争胜利。

Currently, with the rapid development and deep application of science and technology, many elements of war, such as the form of war, operational domains, operational methods, and weaponry, have undergone profound changes, and the mechanism of winning wars has also undergone revolutionary changes, mainly unfolding in four aspects.

当前，随着科学技术的快速发展和深度应用，战争形态、作战领域、作战方式和武器装备等诸多战争要素发生深刻变化，战争制胜机理也随之发生革命性变化，主要从四个方面展开。

First, from firepower dominance to information dominance. In the past, war was concentratedly manifested as firepower confrontation in the physical domain; superiority in troops and firepower often determined the outcome of combat. Now, the development of informatization makes operational confrontation prominently manifest as a systematic contest in the physical, information, and cognitive domains, giving rise to new tactics such as controlling "heaven" and breaking "networks," striking points and severing chains, and hitting "vitals" to paralyze the "body." Systemic superiority is mainly achieved by creating cognitive and decision-making advantages through data, algorithms, and other information forces.

一是从火力主导转向信息主导。过去，战争集中表现为物理域火力对抗，兵力火力优势往往决定作战胜负。现在，信息化发展使作战对抗突出体现为物理域、信息域和认知域的系统较量，出现控“天”破“网”、打点断链、击“要”瘫“体”等新战法，系统优势主要通过数据、算法等信息力营造认知优势、决策优势来达成。

Second, from campaign confrontation to strategic gaming. In the past, war was mainly a campaign-level decisive battle of steel and iron; war decision-makers often formulated plans based on relatively vague situational judgments. Now, the intelligent development of weaponry increasingly enhances the self-perception capability of the battlefield situation, thereby catalyzing the elevation of war toward strategic gaming. That is, through "war pre-practice" platforms such as wargaming systems, precise judgments about the course of war, the costs to both sides, and the outcome of victory or defeat can be obtained, making war increasingly manifest as a strategic contest at the "pre-war" level.

二是从战役对决转向战略博弈。过去，战争主要是钢铁洪流的战役决战，战争决策者往往基于相对模糊的态势判断制定方案。现在，武器装备的智能化发展使战场态势自感知能力日益提升，从而催发战争向战略博弈升维，即通过兵棋系统等“战争预实践”平台，可以得出战争进程、双方代价和胜负结局等精确判断，使战争日益表现为“未战”层面的战略较量。

Third, from partial confrontation to holistic operations. In the past, war manifested as partial confrontation; even during the two world wars, there existed peaceful spaces for countries not participating or involved in the war. Now, with the deepening development of the unbounded transformation of war, the "globalization" characteristics of war are increasingly prominent.

三是从局部对抗转向整体作战。过去，战争表现为局部对抗，就连两次世界大战中也存在未参战涉战国家的和平空间。现在，随着战争无界化变革深化发展，战争的“全球化”特征日益凸显。

Fourth, from element confrontation to new quality decisive victory. In the past, manpower, material resources, and human strategic capability were the core elements measuring victory or defeat in war; the traditional framework of winning wars was never broken, such as the U.S. military's reliance on troop deployments in key global strategic locations and generational advantages in weaponry to dominate the world. Now, with the "new quality" development of war, new quality combat effectiveness has become the key variable determining victory or defeat in war.

四是从要素对决转向新质决胜。过去，人力、物力和人的谋略能力是衡量战争胜负的核心要素，战争制胜的传统框架始终未被打破，如美军依靠在世界战略要地的兵力部署、武器装备的代差优势等称霸世界。现在，随着战争的“新质化”发展，新质战斗力已经成为战争胜负的关键变量。

Promoting iterative transformation in military organizational forms. The development of new quality combat effectiveness inevitably requires corresponding adjustments to the military command system. The battlefield presents a massive influx of information that changes in an instant, exhibiting a new scene of "instant kill and immediate decision," requiring the military command system to upgrade and qualitatively change from the traditional layered and stacked bureaucracy to a "distributed network structure," ensuring that the military possesses the agile response capability of real-time "speed." For example, after the Cold War, the U.S. military, driven by "network-centric warfare," abolished traditional service branches such as the Tactical Air Command and established new types of combat forces like Multi-Domain Task Forces to adapt to the requirements of information-age warfare.

推动军事组织形态迭代变革。新质战斗力的发展，必然要求军事指挥体系进行相应调整。战场信息海量涌现、瞬息万变，呈现“秒杀瞬决”新场景，要求军事指挥体系由传统层叠累加的科层制向“分布式网状结构”升级质变，确保军队具备实时之“快”的敏捷反应能力。例如，冷战后美军以“网络中心战”为牵引，撤销战术空军司令部等传统军种机构，组建多域特遣队等新型作战力量，以适应信息时代战争要求。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, through deepening national defense and military reform, our military has formed a new pattern in which the Central Military Commission exercises overall leadership, the theater commands focus on combat, and the services focus on building, achieving an overall and revolutionary restructuring. Operational command has become increasingly flat, and operational organization and management have become increasingly standardized, process-oriented, and refined, marking an important step in building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. Focusing on the needs of winning wars, our military has also established new types of combat force systems such as the Strategic Support Force and the Information Support Force, laying a solid organizational foundation for the full development of new quality combat effectiveness.

党的十八大以来，通过深化国防和军队改革，我军形成了军委管总、战区主战、军种主建新格局，实现整体性革命性重塑，作战指挥日趋扁平化，作战组织和管理日趋标准化、流程化、精细化，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系迈出重要一步。着眼打赢需求，我军还组建了战略支援部队、信息支援部队等新型作战力量体系，为充分发展新质战斗力奠定坚实组织基础。

New quality combat effectiveness and new quality productive forces are efficiently integrated and mutually reinforcing

新质战斗力和新质生产力高效融合、双向拉动

President Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must seize the momentum, grasp the characteristics and laws of development in emerging fields, and promote the efficient integration and mutual reinforcement of new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness.” This important exposition by President Xi Jinping reveals the intrinsically unified and mutually reinforcing relationship between new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness, pointing the direction forward and providing fundamental guidance for us to promote high-quality development and ensure high-level security.

习近平主席强调：“要乘势而上，把握新兴领域发展特点规律，推动新质生产力同新质战斗力高效融合、双向拉动。”习近平主席的这一重要论述，揭示了新质生产力和新质战斗力内在统一、相互促进的关系，为我们推动高质量发展、保障高水平安全指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。

New quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness support and reinforce each other. The degree of development of new quality productive forces determines the degree of development of new quality combat effectiveness. As Engels pointed out: “The victory of violence is based on the production of weapons, and the production of weapons in turn is based on the entire production.” Only by fully developing new quality productive forces can a country possess a solid economic base and strong scientific and technological strength, and can it forge powerful new quality combat effectiveness. In addition to advanced weaponry and technological resources, new quality productive forces can also provide new quality combat effectiveness with high-quality military personnel, scientific combat concepts, and rich combat means.

新质生产力和新质战斗力互为支撑、相互拉动。新质生产力的发展程度决定了新质战斗力的发展程度。正如恩格斯所指出的：“暴力的胜利是以武器的生产为基础的，而武器的生产又是以整个生产为基础”。只有充分发展新质生产力，一个国家才能拥有雄厚的经济基础和强大的科技实力，才能锻造出强大的新质战斗力。除了先进的武器装备、技术资源外，新质生产力还能为新质战斗力提供高素质的军事人才、科学的作战理念和丰富的作战手段。

From another perspective, the development of new quality combat effectiveness can effectively guide and boost the development of new quality productive forces, because “once society has a technological need, that need will push science forward more than ten universities.” At the same time, the development of new quality combat effectiveness enables the military to possess stronger capabilities to win wars, helping to safeguard national security and economic construction and ensure the development of new quality productive forces. In early human history, tools such as stone implements and wooden spears were used both for production activities like gathering and hunting and for warfare; with historical development, the emergence of metal smelting technology and industries led to the appearance of metal weapons; in agricultural society, with the prosperity of gunpowder, firearm manufacturing technology, and metallurgy, hot weapons such as muskets and cannons were used in war, shifting the center of gravity of combat effectiveness generation from close combat to long-range attack; in industrial society, steam engines, internal combustion engines, and electricity gave rise to mechanized combat weapons such as tanks… Every transformation of productive forces inevitably injects new vitality into the development of military combat effectiveness and catalyzes the qualitative upgrade and leap of combat effectiveness.

从另一个角度讲，新质战斗力的发展能有效引导、助推新质生产力的发展，因为“社会一旦有技术上的需要，这种需要就会比十所大学更能把科学推向前进。”同时，新质战斗力的发展，使得军队具备更强的打赢能力，有助于维护国家安全、经济建设，确保新质生产力发展。人类历史早期，既用石器、木矛等工具进行采集、狩猎等生产活动，也用其进行战争活动；随着历史发展，金属冶炼技术和产业的出现，使得金属兵器问世；到了农业社会，伴随火药、火器制造技术和冶金业的繁荣，火枪、火炮等热兵器被用于战争，战斗力生成重心从近身搏斗转变为远程攻击；工业社会，蒸汽机、内燃机、电力催生了坦克等机械化作战武器……生产力的每一次变革，都必然给军队战斗力发展注入新的活力，催生战斗力质态升级、飞跃。

Currently, the rapid development of new-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, quantum technology, virtual reality, and brain-computer interface technology continuously demonstrates the unity and symbiosis of the internal mechanisms of productive forces and combat effectiveness. Promoting the efficient integration and mutual reinforcement of new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness is an inevitable requirement for continuously enhancing the overall national strength, and it has strategic significance for promoting the high-quality development of our military and winning modern wars, and for comprehensively advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.

当前，新一代信息技术、人工智能、量子科技、虚拟现实和脑机接口技术等的迅速发展，不断彰显生产力与战斗力内生机理的统一性、共生性。推动新质生产力同新质战斗力高效融合、双向拉动，是持续增强国家整体实力的必然要求，对于推动我军高质量发展和打赢现代战争，全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业具有战略意义。

Promote the “two-way embedding” of innovation chains of new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness. Currently, there is still considerable space for the integrated use and collaborative innovation of elements in emerging fields between new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness. It is necessary to open up the path for interaction and transformation between the two from the innovation mechanism, and to solve the problem of integrated generation of strategic systems and capabilities in emerging fields at the source. It is necessary to anchor key nodes in emerging fields, further improve and perfect the docking platform between the “military demand list” and the “civilian technology catalog,” both transplanting some military technological achievements into various fields of the national economy and actively promoting the participation of advantageous civilian technologies in military scientific research and production, forming a good situation of two-way transformation, benign interaction, and spiral ascent between military and civilian technologies; further improve the registration system for scientific and technological innovation achievements between the military and localities to stimulate innovation vitality; and, targeting weak links in basic research, increase the construction of shared infrastructure such as national laboratories and large scientific installations to catalyze the efficient generation of original capabilities.

推动新质生产力、新质战斗力创新链“双向嵌入”。当前，新质生产力和新质战斗力在新兴领域要素融合使用、协同创新方面还有很大空间，需要从创新机制上打通两者互动转化的路径，从源头上解决新兴领域战略体系和能力的一体化生成问题。要锚定新兴领域关键节点，进一步健全完善“军工需求清单”与“民用技术目录”对接平台，既把一些军事技术成果移植到国民经济各领域，也积极推进优势民用技术参与军工科研生产，形成军民技术双向转化、良性互动、螺旋上升的良好局面；进一步完善科技创新成果军地登记制度，激发创新活力；针对基础研究薄弱环节，加大国家实验室、大科学装置等共用型基础设施建设力度，催化原创能力高效生成。

Promote the deep coupling of industrial chains and combat chains. New quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness are coupled and mutually reinforcing, and the demand for “military-to-civilian” and “civilian-to-military” transformation is continuously increasing. This requires us to deeply couple industrial chains with combat chains and cultivate an industrial support system that matches new quality combat effectiveness. It is necessary to continuously improve the institutional mechanisms for the efficient integration and mutual reinforcement of new quality combat effectiveness and new quality productive forces, establish and improve a strategic emerging industry system with complete, autonomous, and controllable industrial chains, supply chains, and innovation chains, achieve interconnection and complementary advantages between civilian industry and national defense science and technology industry, provide safe, strong, stable, and reliable industrial support for the updating, iteration, and innovative development of weaponry, and better promote the generation and development of new quality combat effectiveness.

推动产业链与作战链深度耦合。新质生产力和新质战斗力相互耦合、互相促进，“军转民”“民参军”需求不断增强。这要求我们把产业链与作战链深度耦合，培育与新质战斗力配套的产业支撑体系。要不断完善新质战斗力同新质生产力高效融合、双向拉动的体制机制，建立和完善产业链、供应链、创新链完整自主可控的战略性新兴产业体系，实现民用工业与国防科技工业互联互通、优势互补，为武器装备更新迭代、创新发展提供安全、强劲、稳固、可靠的产业支撑，更好地促进新质战斗力生成和发展。

Promote the cross-border flow of talent elements. President Xi Jinping pointed out: “The way to strengthen the military lies in obtaining the right people. Talent is the key factor in promoting the high-quality development of our military and winning military competition and future wars.” Whether in production activities or military activities, people are the organizers and practitioners. If people have strong innovation capabilities, they can empower various elements of productive forces and combat effectiveness and promote the upgrading and replacement of productive forces and combat effectiveness. Therefore, talent has always been an important resource and driver leading the development of new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness. It is necessary to improve talent cultivation methods that are compatible with the integrated development of new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness, fully utilize the world’s largest higher education system in our country, cultivate talents in emerging interdisciplinary fields such as intelligent unmanned systems and cyberspace security, cultivate composite talents of “engineer + commander,” and promote the synchronous resonance and coordinated development of military education and national higher education. Increase policy incentives, optimize the mechanism for cultivating, introducing, and using leading talents, high-end talents, and general-purpose talents in the integrated development of the military and localities, and provide strong talent guarantees for the formation and development of new quality combat effectiveness.

推动人才要素跨界流动。习近平主席指出：“强军之道，要在得人。人才是推动我军高质量发展、赢得军事竞争和未来战争主动的关键因素”。无论在生产活动还是在军事活动中，人都是组织者和实践者，人的创新能力强，就能为生产力、战斗力各要素赋能，推动生产力、战斗力的升级换代。因此，人才始终是引领新质生产力、新质战斗力发展的重要资源和推手。要完善与新质生产力、新质战斗力融合发展相适应的人才培养方式，充分运用我国世界上规模最大的高等教育体系，培养智能无人系统、网络空间安全等新兴交叉学科人才，培养“工程师+指挥官”复合型人才，推进军事教育与国家高等教育同频共振、协调发展。加大政策激励力度，优化军地一体化发展的领军人才、高端人才、通用人才培育引进使用机制，为新质战斗力形成发展提供坚强人才保障。

The efficient integration and mutual reinforcement of new quality combat effectiveness and new quality productive forces have effectively promoted the overall leap in our country’s comprehensive strength. President Xi Jinping pointed out at the Symposium on Cybersecurity and Informatization Work in 2016 that core technologies “can be grasped from three aspects. First, basic technologies and general-purpose technologies. Second, asymmetric technologies and ‘trump card’ technologies. Third, frontier technologies and disruptive technologies. In these areas, we are on the same starting line as foreign countries. If we can make forward-looking deployments and concentrate on tackling key problems, it is very possible to achieve a transformation from following and running alongside to running alongside and leading.” This important judgment and instruction on the international competition situation in science and technology points out the strategic direction and injects strong impetus for the transformation of our military’s combat effectiveness construction toward intelligentization and the sprint toward “running alongside and leading.” In order to seize the initiative in international competition in emerging fields, President Xi Jinping emphasized that the military must “strengthen pre-positioning in emerging fields, strengthen the construction of frontier disciplines, strengthen the cultivation of new types of talents, and promote the accelerated incubation and generation of new quality combat effectiveness.” President Xi Jinping has personally visited the front line of combat effectiveness transformation and upgrading many times for research and guidance, emphasizing making efforts in “strengthening military-local joint efforts and making good use of local advantageous forces and resources,” significantly accelerating the pace of new quality combat effectiveness construction and greatly enhancing the country’s comprehensive strength. The powerful synergy generated by the interactive development of new quality productive forces and new quality combat effectiveness is sufficient to support our country in assuming the responsibilities and obligations it should for achieving its own development and maintaining world peace.

新质战斗力与新质生产力高效融合、双向拉动，有力促进了我国综合实力整体跃升。习近平主席2016年在网络安全和信息化工作座谈会上指出，核心技术“可以从3个方面把握。一是基础技术、通用技术。二是非对称技术、‘杀手锏’技术。三是前沿技术、颠覆性技术。在这些领域，我们同国外处在同一条起跑线上，如果能够超前部署、集中攻关，很有可能实现从跟跑并跑到并跑领跑的转变。”这一对国际科技竞争态势的重要判断和指示，为我军战斗力建设向智能化转型、向“并跑领跑”冲刺指明战略方向、注入强大动力。为了在新兴领域国际竞争中抢占先机，习近平主席强调，军队要“加强新兴领域预置，加强前沿学科建设，加强新型人才培养，推动新质战斗力加速孵化和生成”。习近平主席多次亲临战斗力转型升级一线调研指导，强调在“强化军地合力，用好地方优势力量和资源”上做文章，显著加快了新质战斗力建设步伐，大幅提升了国家综合实力。新质生产力与新质战斗力互动发展所产生的强大合力，足以支持我国为实现自身发展和维护世界和平担当应有的责任和义务。

(The author is a former researcher at the Scientific Research Department of the People’s Liberation Army National Defense University)

（作者为中国人民解放军国防大学科研部原研究员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心