Deeply Understanding the Truth Power of the Fifth Volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*

The fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* (hereinafter referred to as “the Fifth Volume”) puts forward a series of original new concepts, ideas, and strategies for governance, centrally demonstrating the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. It scientifically answers the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times. Deeply understanding the truth power of the Fifth Volume in answering the “four questions” helps to more comprehensively grasp the scientific system and practical power of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to promote the study, implementation, and deepening of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷（以下简称“第五卷”）提出了一系列原创性的治国理政新理念新思想新战略，集中展现了马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果，科学回答了中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问。深刻领悟第五卷回答“四个之问”的真理力量，有助于更加全面地把握习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的科学体系和实践伟力，推动学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想走深走实。

Scientifically Answering the Questions of China

科学回答中国之问

The Fifth Volume specifically discusses “Advancing the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation on All Fronts through a Chinese Path to Modernization,” proclaims the mission and tasks of the Communist Party of China on the new journey of the New Era, scientifically plans the overall arrangements for advancing Chinese-path modernization, and scientifically answers the question of China: “What kind of socialist modernized powerful country to build and how to build a socialist modernized powerful country.”

第五卷专题论述了“以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴”，宣示了新时代新征程中国共产党的使命任务，科学谋划了推进中国式现代化的总体安排，科学回答了“建设什么样的社会主义现代化强国、怎样建设社会主义现代化强国”的中国之问。

The Fifth Volume scientifically answers what kind of socialist modernized powerful country to build. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out: “Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China. It contains elements that are common to the modernizations of all countries, but it is more characterized by features that are unique to the Chinese context.” Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China. It is the modernization of a huge population, the modernization of common prosperity for all, the modernization of material and cultural-ethical progress in harmony, the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and the modernization of taking the path of peaceful development. The Fifth Volume profoundly elaborates on the Chinese characteristics of Chinese-path modernization and draws a grand blueprint for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country.

第五卷科学回答了建设什么样的社会主义现代化强国。党的二十大报告指出：“中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的中国特色。”中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，是人口规模巨大的现代化，是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，是走和平发展道路的现代化。第五卷深刻阐述了中国式现代化的中国特色，擘画了全面建成社会主义现代化强国的宏伟蓝图。

The Fifth Volume scientifically answers how to build a socialist modernized powerful country, makes strategic arrangements for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country, and clarifies the major principles that must be firmly grasped on the path forward and several major relationships that need to be properly handled. In terms of strategic arrangements, it clarifies a two-step approach: basically realizing socialist modernization from 2020 to 2035; and building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful from 2035 to the middle of this century. In terms of major principles, it emphasizes the need to uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, uphold the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, uphold a people-centered development philosophy, uphold comprehensively deepening reform and opening up, and uphold carrying forward the spirit of struggle. In terms of major relationships, it emphasizes the need to correctly handle major relationships such as top-level design and practical exploration, strategy and tactics, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, self-reliance and self-improvement and opening up to the outside world. These important expositions provide fundamental guidance and a guide to action for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization.

第五卷科学回答了怎样建设社会主义现代化强国，作出了全面建成社会主义现代化强国的战略安排，明确了前进道路上必须牢牢把握的重大原则及需要处理好的若干重大关系。在战略安排上，明确分两步走，即从2020年到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化；从2035年到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。在重大原则上，强调必须坚持和加强党的全面领导、坚持中国特色社会主义道路、坚持以人民为中心的发展思想、坚持全面深化改革、坚持发扬斗争精神。在重大关系上，强调要正确处理好顶层设计与实践探索、战略与策略、守正与创新、效率与公平、活力与秩序、自立自强与对外开放等重大关系。这些重要论述为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，提供了根本遵循和行动指南。

Scientifically Answering the Questions of the World

科学回答世界之问

The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century. Factors of instability, uncertainty, and insecurity are becoming increasingly prominent, posing severe challenges to human survival and development. “What is wrong with the world and what should we do about it?” This question of the world urgently needs an answer. The Fifth Volume clearly gives the Chinese answer of building a community with a shared future for mankind.

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，不稳定、不确定、不安全因素日益凸显，给人类生存和发展带来严峻挑战。“世界怎么了、我们怎么办”对这一世界之问亟待作出回答，第五卷明确给出了构建人类命运共同体的中国答案。

The Fifth Volume scientifically answers what kind of a community with a shared future for mankind to build. Facing global challenges, no country can stand aloof or be immune. Countries around the world need to work together with a sense of responsibility and jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind. The Fifth Volume profoundly elucidates a series of new ideas, viewpoints, and conclusions on building a community with a shared future for mankind, actively promotes the common values of all mankind of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom; promotes the building of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, clean and beautiful; deepens and expands equal, open, and cooperative global partnerships; and proposes building a China-Arab community with a shared future, a community of life for humanity and nature, a China-Central Asia community with a shared future, and a Shanghai Cooperation Organization community with a shared future. These important expositions scientifically answer what kind of a community with a shared future for mankind to build, fully demonstrating the global vision, world sentiment, and international responsibility of the Communist Party of China.

第五卷科学回答了构建什么样的人类命运共同体。面对全球性挑战，没有哪个国家可以置身事外、独善其身。世界各国需要以负责任的精神同舟共济，携手构建人类命运共同体。第五卷深刻阐明了关于构建人类命运共同体的一系列新思想新观点新论断，积极弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值；推动建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界；深化拓展平等、开放、合作的全球伙伴关系；提出构建中阿命运共同体、地球生命共同体、中国—中亚命运共同体、上海合作组织命运共同体等。这些重要论述对构建什么样的人类命运共同体作出了科学回答，充分彰显了中国共产党的全球视野、世界情怀与国际担当。

The Fifth Volume scientifically answers how to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, based on the global development trend, with far-sighted strategic vision and a broad mind that embraces all rivers, has drawn a clear path for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Implementing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, gathering broad consensus and pooling strong strength, injects strong momentum into building a community with a shared future for mankind; building a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation, joining hands with all countries to advance modernization and achieve common prosperity; adhering to the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, and promoting the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative into a new stage of high-quality development. The Fifth Volume scientifically answers how to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for countries around the world to meet common challenges and achieve sustainable development.

第五卷科学回答了怎样推动构建人类命运共同体。以习近平同志为核心的党中央立足全球发展大势，以高瞻远瞩的战略眼光和海纳百川的广阔胸怀，为推动构建人类命运共同体擘画了清晰路径。落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，凝聚广泛共识、汇聚强大力量，为构建人类命运共同体注入强劲动能；建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，携手各国推进现代化，实现共同繁荣；坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，推动共建“一带一路”进入高质量发展新阶段。第五卷对怎样推动构建人类命运共同体作出了科学回答，为世界各国应对共同挑战、实现可持续发展贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。

Scientifically Answering the Questions of the People

科学回答人民之问

Entering the New Era, the principal contradiction in Chinese society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. The Fifth Volume profoundly elaborates on the fundamental stance of the Communist Party of China in always putting the people first, the distinctive character of governing for the people and relying on the people, and scientifically answers the question of the people: “What kind of ever-growing needs for a better life of the people to meet and how to meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life.”

进入新时代，我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。第五卷深刻阐述了中国共产党始终坚持人民至上的根本立场，坚持为人民执政、靠人民执政的鲜明品格，科学回答了“满足什么样的人民日益增长的美好生活需要、怎样满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要”的人民之问。

The Fifth Volume scientifically answers what kind of ever-growing needs for a better life of the people to meet. From the material level, the people are no longer satisfied with basic subsistence but pursue high-quality, personalized consumption, putting forward higher requirements for product quality, safety, design, etc.; from the political level, they look forward to broader democratic participation, have more channels to express demands, enjoy fuller rights to be informed, to participate, to express, and to oversee, and effectively safeguard their political rights; from the spiritual and cultural level, they desire richer and more diverse cultural products and services, and pursue high-level spiritual nourishment; from the social level, they look forward to a fair and just social environment, enjoying equal opportunities and rights protection in areas such as employment, education, and medical care; from the ecological well-being level, their demand for fresh air, clean water, and a beautiful environment is increasingly strong, hoping to live in a beautiful home with blue skies, green land, and clear water.

第五卷科学回答了满足什么样的人民日益增长的美好生活需要。从物质层面看，人民不再满足于基本温饱，而是追求高品质、个性化的消费，对产品的质量、安全、设计等提出更高要求；从政治层面看，期盼更广泛的民主参与，拥有更多表达诉求的渠道，享有更充分的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权，切实保障自身政治权利；从精神文化层面看，渴望更丰富多元的文化产品与服务，追求高层次精神滋养；从社会层面看，期盼公平正义的社会环境，在就业、教育、医疗等领域享有平等机会与权益保障；从生态福祉层面看，对清新空气、干净水源、优美环境的需求愈发强烈，期望生活在一个天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽家园中。

The Fifth Volume scientifically answers how to meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. In economic construction, develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, achieve high-quality development, and create more high-quality products and services that meet the people’s needs; in political construction, develop whole-process people’s democracy, improve the system of institutions through which the people run the country, and expand the people’s orderly political participation; in cultural construction, develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, and enrich the supply of cultural products; in social construction, implement the people-centered development philosophy, place the promotion of common prosperity for all in a more prominent position, promote the equalization of public services such as employment, education, and medical care, and continuously transform development achievements into quality of life; in ecological civilization construction, firmly establish and practice the concept that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,” promote the continuous improvement of the quality of the ecological environment, and meet the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment.

第五卷科学回答了怎样满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要。在经济建设方面，因地制宜发展新质生产力，实现高质量发展，创造更多符合人民需求的优质产品与服务；在政治建设方面，发展全过程人民民主，健全人民当家作主制度体系，扩大人民有序政治参与；在文化建设方面，发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展，丰富文化产品供给；在社会建设方面，落实以人民为中心的发展思想，把促进全体人民共同富裕摆在更加突出的位置，促进就业、教育、医疗等公共服务均等化，把发展成果不断转化为生活品质；在生态文明建设方面，牢固树立和践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念，推动生态环境质量持续改善，满足人民群众日益增长的优美生态环境需要。

Scientifically Answering the Questions of the Times

科学回答时代之问

The Fifth Volume specifically discusses “Upholding and Strengthening the Centralized and Unified Leadership of the Party Central Committee and Carrying the Party’s Self-Reform Through to the End,” demonstrating the firm determination of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core to advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, expounding the practical path of using the great self-revolution to lead the great social revolution, and scientifically answering the question of the times: “What kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist party.”

第五卷专题论述“坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导，把党的自我革命进行到底”，彰显了以习近平同志为核心的党中央推进全面从严治党的坚定决心，阐释了以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命的实践路径，科学回答了“建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党、怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党”的时代之问。

The fifth volume scientifically answers the question of what kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build. The Communist Party of China is a Marxist party with firm ideals and convictions, adhering to its original aspiration and founding mission, taking seeking happiness for the Chinese people and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and founding mission, and rallying immense strength through lofty ideals; the Communist Party of China is a Marxist party that is courageous in self-revolution, maintaining its advanced nature and purity, actively carrying out criticism and self-criticism, daring to face its own problems head-on, and forever preserving the Party's vitality and vigor; the Communist Party of China is a Marxist party with tight organization and strict discipline, having built an organizational system that is connected from top to bottom and effective in execution, ensuring through iron discipline that the entire Party is united in will, unified in action, and advances in step; the Communist Party of China is a Marxist party that always marches at the forefront of the times and leads the development of the times, grasping historical initiative, conforming to the trends of the times, continuously advancing the Party's theoretical innovation, and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to create new historical achievements.

第五卷科学回答了建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党。中国共产党是理想信念坚定、坚守初心使命的马克思主义政党，把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴作为自己的初心使命，以崇高理想凝聚磅礴力量；中国共产党是勇于自我革命、保持先进性和纯洁性的马克思主义政党，积极开展批评和自我批评，敢于直面自身问题，永葆党的生机活力；中国共产党是组织严密、纪律严明的马克思主义政党，构建起上下贯通、执行有力的组织体系，以铁的纪律确保全党统一意志、统一行动、步调一致向前进；中国共产党是始终走在时代前列、引领时代发展的马克思主义政党，把握历史主动，顺应时代潮流，不断推进党的理论创新，带领全国各族人民创造新的历史伟业。

The fifth volume scientifically answers the question of how to build a long-term governing Marxist party. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with foresight and by sizing up the situation, has found the second answer to the historical cycle of rise and fall [5]5 The "historical cycle of rise and fall" refers to the pattern observed in Chinese dynastic history, where a ruling house rises, flourishes, and then declines and falls. Mao Zedong famously discussed this cycle with Huang Yanpei in 1945, and the "second answer" refers to self-revolution as the CPC's method for breaking out of this cycle, the first answer being "letting the people supervise the government." — self-revolution. The Party's self-revolution is always on the way; with the courage to turn the blade inward and scrape the poison off the bone, it continuously examines its own problems, eliminates all viruses that erode the Party's healthy body, constantly enhances the Party's capacity for self-purification, self-improvement, self-renewal, and self-enhancement, bravely faces the "Four Tests" [6]6 The "Four Tests" are tests of governance, reform and opening up, the market economy, and the external environment., resolutely overcomes the "Four Dangers" [7]7 The "Four Dangers" are the dangers of spiritual slackness, incompetence, disconnection from the people, and corruption., and forges a more robust and powerful Marxist governing party. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is always on the way; we will improve the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, persist in the long-term application of strict principles, strict measures, and a strict atmosphere, build a long-term mechanism that ensures officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption, and ensure that the Party never changes its nature, never changes its color, and never changes its flavor, always remaining the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

第五卷科学回答了怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高瞻远瞩、审时度势，找到了自我革命这一跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率的第二个答案。党的自我革命永远在路上，以刀刃向内、刮骨疗毒的勇气，不断审视自身问题，清除一切侵蚀党的健康肌体的病毒，不断增强党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，勇敢面对“四大考验”，坚决战胜“四种危险”，锻造出更加坚强有力的马克思主义执政党。全面从严治党永远在路上，健全全面从严治党体系，把严的基调、严的措施、严的氛围长期坚持下去，构建不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐的长效机制，确保党不变质、不变色、不变味，始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

The fifth volume provides scientific answers to the questions of China, the questions of the world, the questions of the people, and the questions of the times, by advancing Chinese-path modernization, building a community with a shared future for mankind, adhering to a people-centered development philosophy, and the Party's self-revolution. These "Four Questions" are interconnected and organically unified, profoundly answering the major epochal question of "what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop, and how to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics," providing scientific guidance and a program of action for continuing to write a new chapter in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics on the new journey of the New Era.

第五卷对中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，作出了推进中国式现代化、构建人类命运共同体、坚持以人民为中心的发展思想、党的自我革命的科学回答。这“四个之问”相互关联、有机统一，深刻回答了“坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义”的重大时代课题，为新时代新征程续写中国特色社会主义事业新篇章提供了科学指引与行动纲领。

(Zhong Zhenshan is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Marxism, Nanchang University; Yang Lina is a doctoral candidate at the School of Marxism, Nanchang University)

（钟贞山系南昌大学马克思主义学院教授、博导；杨丽娜系南昌大学马克思主义学院博士研究生）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心