The Ideological Weapon and Action Guide for Economic Work in the New Era

The *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy (Volume I)* (hereinafter referred to as the *Selected Works*), published this year, contains the most important and fundamental works of General Secretary Xi Jinping on economic construction from November 2012 to December 2024. The content is rich, the key points are prominent, and the vision is far-reaching. It includes both strategic planning at the overall level and practical requirements for a series of major economic issues, providing an authoritative textbook for the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping’s economic thought. The vast number of theoretical workers and workers in various economic fields must comprehend the *Selected Works* within the entire theoretical system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; recognize it within the era coordinates of the new development of Marxism, especially the new development of political economy, under the accelerating changes unseen in a century; and, in combination with the historic achievements and historic changes in China’s economy in the New Era, deeply ponder, carefully comprehend, and implement it in the great practice of advancing Chinese-path modernization.

今年出版的《习近平经济文选（第一卷）》（以下简称《文选》）收入了习近平总书记2012年11月至2024年12月期间关于经济建设最重要、最基本的著作，内容丰富、要点突出、立意高远，既有总体层面的战略谋划，也有就一系列重大经济问题提出的实践要求，为全党全国各族人民深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平经济思想提供了权威教材。广大理论工作者和经济各领域工作者，要把《文选》放到习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想整个理论体系中来领悟；放到百年变局加速演进下马克思主义新发展，特别是政治经济学新发展的时代坐标中来认识；结合新时代我国经济取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革，在推进中国式现代化伟大实践中深思细悟、贯彻落实。

1. Clearly Outlining the Vein and Logic of the Formation and Development of

1.清晰勾画习近平经济思想形成和发展的脉络与逻辑

The overall strategy for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century in the world constitute the historical background for economic work in the New Era. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "We must dialectically understand and grasp the domestic and international situations, coordinate the overall strategy for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century in the world, deeply understand the new features and new requirements brought about by the development and changes in our country's principal social contradiction, deeply understand the new contradictions and new challenges brought about by the complex international environment, strengthen our awareness of opportunities and risks, accurately identify changes, respond scientifically, and seek change proactively." [1]1 The second centenary goal refers to the goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century, the centenary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. In the historical development and transformation process from standing up, becoming prosperous, to becoming strong, the change in our country's principal social contradiction is a historic change affecting the overall situation. The current principal social contradiction is the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. The change in the principal social contradiction is the main basis and important marker for the entry of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the New Era. General Secretary Xi Jinping deeply grasps the characteristics of the new era, anchors the mission and tasks of the New Era, and has put forward new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies such as understanding, adapting to, and leading the new normal of economic development, grasping the new development stage, implementing the new development philosophy, building a new development pattern, promoting the realization of high-quality development, and comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局是新时代经济工作的时代背景。习近平总书记指出，“我们要辩证认识和把握国内外大势，统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，深刻认识我国社会主要矛盾发展变化带来的新特征新要求，深刻认识错综复杂的国际环境带来的新矛盾新挑战，增强机遇意识和风险意识，准确识变、科学应变、主动求变”。在从站起来、富起来到强起来的历史发展和转换过程中，我国社会主要矛盾变化是关系全局的历史性变化，当前社会主要矛盾是人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，社会主要矛盾变化是中国特色社会主义进入新时代的主要依据和重要标识。习近平总书记深刻把握新的时代特征，锚定新时代使命任务，提出了认识适应引领经济发展新常态，把握新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局，推动实现高质量发展，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业等新理念新思想新战略。

Reviewing the path of China's economic development since the New Era, understanding, adapting to, and leading the new normal of economic development is the logical starting point. At the Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly discussed "how to view the new normal" and "how to act in the new normal," proposing that "we must accelerate the transformation of the economic development model, accelerate the adjustment of the economic structure, and accelerate the cultivation and formation of new growth drivers" and "completely abandon the idea of reproducing high growth using old thinking logic and methods."

回顾新时代以来我国经济发展走过的道路，认识、适应和引领经济发展新常态是逻辑起点。2015年12月召开的中央经济工作会议上，习近平总书记深刻论述了“对新常态怎么看”和“新常态怎么干”，提出“必须加快转变经济发展方式，加快调整经济结构，加快培育形成新的增长动力”“彻底抛弃用旧的思维逻辑和方式方法再现高增长的想法”。

The new development philosophy is an important part of Xi Jinping's economic thought. In "Deeply Understanding the New Development Philosophy and Promoting Supply-Side Structural Reform," General Secretary Xi Jinping, combining history and reality, and in

新发展理念是习近平经济思想的重要内容。在《深入理解新发展理念，推进供给侧结构性改革》中，习近平总书记结合历史和现实，结合一些重大问题，从理论上、宏观上深刻阐释了“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的发展理念。新发展理念具有鲜明的问题导向，体现了原则与方法、目标与手段、全局与重点的有机统一，为新时代我国经济社会实现高质量发展找到了突破口、创造了条件。

China has now entered a new stage of development in which it is comprehensively building a modern socialist country and advancing toward the second centenary goal. [1]1 The second centenary goal refers to the goal of building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century, the centenary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Constructing a new pattern of development with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations mutually reinforcing is a strategic measure to adapt to changes in China's comparative advantages, reshape new competitive strengths, and firmly grasp the initiative in development. In "On Constructing the New Pattern of Development," General Secretary Xi Jinping identified accelerating the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, accelerating scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial and supply chains, advancing agricultural and rural modernization, improving the quality of life of the people, and firmly holding the bottom line of safe development as important focal points to be grasped in constructing the new pattern of development. As the construction of the new pattern of development continues to advance, the overall quality of China's economy has steadily improved, providing us with the confidence and strength to cope with increasingly fierce and complex external risks and challenges.

当前我国进入全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新发展阶段。构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，是适应我国比较优势变化、重塑竞争新优势、牢牢把握发展主动权的战略举措。在《关于构建新发展格局》中，习近平总书记将加快培育完整内需体系、加快科技自立自强、推动产业链供应链优化升级、推进农业农村现代化、提高人民生活品质、牢牢守住安全发展底线作为构建新发展格局要把握好的重要着力点。随着构建新发展格局不断推进，我国经济整体素质持续提升，为我们应对日益激烈复杂的外部风险和挑战，提供了底气和实力。

Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the historical mission of Chinese Communists, and comprehensively building a great modern socialist country is the goal for which Chinese Communists have assiduously striven. In "Advancing the Great Cause of Building a Strong Country and Rejuvenating the Nation through Chinese-Path Modernization," General Secretary Xi Jinping summarized the five characteristics of Chinese-path modernization: a huge population size, common prosperity for all the people, coordination between material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, harmony between humanity and nature, and taking the path of peaceful development. The profound exposition and clear articulation of Chinese-path modernization will enable us to blaze a path of modernization for a socialist great power that better embodies the achievements of contemporary human civilization, has higher development quality and efficiency, and possesses greater international appeal, demonstrating socialist China's sober recognition of the uniqueness and foothold of its development path.

实现中华民族伟大复兴是中国共产党人的历史使命，全面建成社会主义现代化强国是中国共产党人孜孜以求的奋斗目标。在《以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业》中，习近平总书记概括了中国式现代化人口规模巨大、全体人民共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生、走和平发展道路五个方面的特色。中国式现代化的深刻阐释和清晰表述将使我们走出一条更加体现当代人类文明发展成果、更具发展质量和效益、更具国际感召力的社会主义大国现代化道路，显示社会主义中国对发展道路独特性、立足点的清醒认知。

China's development is an important variable in the changes in the contemporary international landscape, and the relationship between the world and China is no longer a simple relationship of influence and being influenced. Based on the profound changes in the world situation, national conditions, and Party conditions, General Secretary Xi Jinping explores the common issues facing humanity from the interaction and connection between China and the world, proposing the Belt and Road Initiative, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind. With its practical relevance, ideological leadership, and moral appeal, these have been widely accepted by the international community, their practical results continue to emerge, and they point the way for the future development of humanity.

中国的发展是当代国际格局变化的重要变量，世界与中国的关系不再是简单的影响与被影响关系。基于世情国情党情的深刻变化，习近平总书记从中国和世界的联系互动中探讨人类面临的共同课题，提出共建“一带一路”倡议，全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，构建人类命运共同体理念，以其现实针对性、思想引领性、道义感召性为国际社会普遍接受，实践成果持续显现，为人类未来发展指明了方向。

2. Profoundly Elaborating on the Latest Achievements in Adapting Marxist Political Economy to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times

2.深刻阐释马克思主义政治经济学中国化时代化最新成果

Development is the Party's top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country, and economic work is the Party's central work. We must understand a series of major theoretical innovations of our Party in the New Era from the height of enriching and developing contemporary Marxist political economy and advancing the new development of scientific socialism. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on major theoretical issues such as the relationship between the government and the market, regulating and guiding the healthy development of capital, and developing new quality productive forces embody a distinct problem awareness and innovation awareness, presenting the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times through vivid examples.

发展是党执政兴国的第一要务，经济工作是党的中心工作。要把新时代我们党的一系列重大理论创新，放到丰富和发展当代马克思主义政治经济学和推进科学社会主义新发展的高度来认识。习近平总书记关于政府与市场的关系、规范和引导资本健康发展、发展新质生产力等重大理论问题的重要论述，体现出鲜明的问题意识和创新意识，以鲜活的实例呈现了马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果。

The relationship between the government and the market has always been the core issue of China's economic system reform. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC changed the positioning of the market's role in resource allocation from "basic" to "decisive," reflecting a new breakthrough in our Party's understanding of the laws governing the construction of a socialist market economy. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC proposed that "a high-level socialist market economy system is an important guarantee for Chinese-path modernization" and "the role of market mechanisms must be better utilized." Currently, the construction of a unified national market continues to advance, the marketization level of various resource factors continues to improve, and the roles of an effective market and a competent government are fully brought into play, leading to improved development performance and demonstrating a good demonstration and driving effect.

政府与市场关系始终是我国经济体制改革的核心问题。党的十八届三中全会对市场在资源配置中的作用定位从“基础性”变为“决定性”，反映了我们党对社会主义市场经济建设规律认识的一个新突破。党的二十届三中全会提出，“高水平社会主义市场经济体制是中国式现代化的重要保障”“必须更好发挥市场机制作用”。当前，全国统一大市场建设持续推进，各类资源要素市场化水平不断提升，有效市场与有为政府作用充分发挥，带来了发展绩效提升，展现出良好的示范和带动效应。

Under the conditions of a socialist market economy, how to correctly understand the characteristics and behavioral laws of capital, give full play to the positive role of capital as an important factor of production, and curb the possible negative effects of its profit-seeking nature is a major theoretical and practical issue. In "Legally Regulating and Guiding the Healthy Development of China's Capital, Giving Full Play to the Positive Role of Capital as an Important Factor of Production," General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward systematic and comprehensive governance requirements that are both guiding and practical regarding correctly handling the issue of capital and benefit distribution, deepening capital market reform, regulating and guiding capital development, and comprehensively improving the effectiveness of capital governance, providing a fundamental guideline for using capital as needed, leveraging its strengths, and curbing its drawbacks in capital governance in the New Era.

社会主义市场经济条件下如何正确认识资本特性和行为规律，发挥资本作为重要生产要素的积极作用，抑制其逐利本性可能带来的消极作用，是一个重大理论和实践问题。在《依法规范和引导我国资本健康发展，发挥资本作为重要生产要素的积极作用》中，习近平总书记就正确处理资本和利益分配问题、深化资本市场改革、规范和引导资本发展、全面提升资本治理效能等提出系统全面兼具指导性和实操性的治理要求，为新时代资本治理用其需、扬其长、抑其弊提供了根本遵循。

Marxism regards productive forces as the most revolutionary force driving social change, and developing society's productive forces is the fundamental task of socialism. Based on a profound understanding and grasp of the laws governing the evolution of productive forces and relations of production under contemporary technological revolution and industrial transformation, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed that "developing new quality productive forces is the internal requirement and key focus for promoting high-quality development." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on new quality productive forces has deepened and elevated the concept of high-quality development, innovating and enriching the Marxist theory of productive forces under new historical conditions.

马克思主义把生产力作为推进社会变革最具革命性的力量，发展社会生产力是社会主义的根本任务。基于对当代科技革命和产业变革下生产力和生产关系演进规律的深刻认识和把握，习近平总书记提出，“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点”。习近平总书记关于新质生产力的重要论述实现了对高质量发展概念的深化和升华，在新的历史条件下创新和丰富了马克思主义生产力理论。

3. Vividly Presenting the Highly Distinctive Methodological System of Economic Work in Contemporary China

3.鲜活呈现当代中国极具特色的经济工作方法论体系

Engels once said, "Marx's whole world outlook is not a doctrine, but a method. It provides not ready-made dogmas, but starting points for further research and the method for this research." The achievement of the great accomplishments of socialism with Chinese characteristics lies not only in mastering scientific theoretical weapons, but also in basing itself on China's national conditions, taking root in China's soil, and forming a practical capacity with Chinese characteristics that is both effective and pragmatic. China's formulation and implementation of five-year plans, the construction of special economic zones, the insistence on piloting major reforms before scaling them up, and the pairing-up assistance and collaboration between economically developed and less developed regions are all important practices with strong Chinese characteristics. The achievements of poverty alleviation in the New Era have been widely praised by the international community, becoming a Chinese model for global poverty governance. These achievements and experiences vividly present the highly distinctive methodological system of economic work in contemporary China.

恩格斯说过，“马克思的整个世界观不是教义，而是方法。它提供的不是现成的教条，而是进一步研究的出发点和供这种研究使用的方法”。中国特色社会主义伟大成就的取得，不仅在于掌握了科学的理论武器，更在于立足中国国情，扎根中国大地，形成了具有中国特色、务实有效的实践能力。中国的五年规划制定与实施、经济特区建设、重大改革坚持先试点再推广，经济发达与落后地区开展对口支援与协作等都是极具中国特色的重要实践。新时代脱贫攻坚成果为国际社会广泛赞赏，成为全球贫困治理的中国样板。这些成就和经验，鲜活呈现了当代中国极具特色的经济工作方法论体系。

The historic achievements and historic transformations in China's economic development in the New Era demonstrate that our Party can not only discern historical inevitability and grasp the laws of development, but is also rich in practical creativity. We must be adept at seeing reality through history, grasping the essence through phenomena, and properly handling the relationships between the whole and the part, the present and the long-term, the macro and the micro, the principal contradiction and secondary contradictions, and the special and the general. In "Advancing the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation on All Fronts through a Chinese Path to Modernization," General Secretary Xi Jinping systematically discusses the need to properly handle six relationships in advancing Chinese-path modernization: top-level design and practical exploration, strategy and tactics, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, and self-reliance and opening up to the outside world.

新时代我国经济发展历史性成就和历史性变革的取得，展现了我们党不仅能够洞悉历史必然性、把握发展规律性，更富于实践创造性。我们要善于通过历史看现实、透过现象看本质，把握好全局和局部、当前和长远、宏观和微观、主要矛盾和次要矛盾、特殊和一般的关系。在《以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业》中，习近平总书记系统论述推进中国式现代化需要处理好顶层设计与实践探索、战略与策略、守正与创新、效率与公平、活力与秩序、自立自强与对外开放六个方面的关系。

The *Selected Works* [of Xi Jinping on the Economy] [2]2 The *Selected Works* refers to the *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy*, a compilation of Xi Jinping's important economic discourses. profoundly discusses important real-world relationships in the New Era's economic development, such as "quality and quantity," "stability and progress," "supply and demand," "crisis and opportunity," and "domestic and international." Regarding the relationship between "quality and quantity," it is necessary to "promote effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth of the economy." Regarding the relationship between "stability and progress," it states that "stability is the overall situation and foundation, while progress is the direction and driving force. 'Stability' and 'progress' are dialectically unified and must be grasped as a whole; what should be stabilized must be stabilized, and what should advance must advance, with a good grasp of work rhythm and intensity." Regarding the relationship between "supply and demand," it is necessary to "organically combine the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening supply-side structural reform" and "form a higher-level dynamic balance where demand drives supply and supply creates demand." Regarding the relationship between "crisis and opportunity," it is necessary to "foster new opportunities amidst crises and open up new horizons amidst changes." Regarding the relationship between "domestic and international," it is necessary to "shape new advantages for China's participation in international cooperation and competition, attach importance to using the international cycle to enhance the efficiency and level of the domestic cycle, and improve the quality and allocation level of China's production factors." These important discussions grasp the essence of the issues, are clear and easy to understand, emphasize action, and are highly instructive.

《文选》就新时代经济发展中“质和量”“稳和进”“供和需”“危和机”“内和外”等重要现实关系进行了深刻论述。在“质和量”关系上，要“推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长”。在“稳和进”关系上，提出“稳是大局和基础，进是方向和动力。‘稳’和‘进’是辩证统一的，要作为一个整体来把握，该稳的要稳住，该进的要进取，把握好工作节奏和力度”。在“供和需”关系上，要“把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来”“形成需求牵引供给、供给创造需求的更高水平动态平衡”。在“危和机”关系上，要“在危机中育新机、于变局中开新局”。在“内和外”关系上，“要塑造我国参与国际合作和竞争新优势，重视以国际循环提升国内大循环效率和水平，改善我国生产要素质量和配置水平”。这些重要论述抓住问题实质、晓畅易懂、重在于行，极具指导意义。

Apply the methodology of Marxist political economy to deepen our understanding of the laws of China's economic development and improve the ability and level of leading economic work. In "On Constructing a New Development Pattern," General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed that we must both "grasp the essentials at the top," strengthening strategic planning and top-level design, and "detail the specifics at the bottom," grasping the focal points of work. Means are determined by ends, functioning under the constraints of the ends. Attention must be paid to the mutual promotion, benign interaction, overall advancement, and key breakthroughs of various aspects of work, preventing situations where new methods cannot be used, old methods are ineffective, tough methods are not dared to be used, and soft methods are not up to the task.

运用马克思主义政治经济学方法论，深化对我国经济发展规律的认识，提高领导经济发展能力和水平。在《关于构建新发展格局》中，习近平总书记提出，既要“操其要于上”，加强战略谋划和顶层设计，也要“分其详于下”，把握工作着力点。手段依目的而定，在目的的制约下发挥功能，注意各方面工作相互促进、良性互动、整体推进、重点突破，防止出现新办法不会用，老办法不管用，硬办法不敢用，软办法不顶用的情况。

Poverty is a prominent problem plaguing global development and governance. Poverty alleviation requires precision, and precision is its essence. In "Poverty Alleviation Must Take Concrete Measures, Make Real Efforts, and Achieve Tangible Results," General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly identified four key issues to be addressed: "who to support," "who will support them," "how to support them," and "how to lift them out of poverty." China's poverty alleviation campaign implemented the "six precisions" in supporting targets, project arrangements, fund use, measures reaching households, dispatching personnel to villages, and poverty alleviation outcomes. By introducing a series of policy measures and constructing a complete set of effective policy systems, work systems, and institutional systems, a combination of measures was employed. China's poverty alleviation campaign has created the world's most brilliant practical sample of poverty reduction governance.

贫困是困扰全球发展和治理的突出难题，脱贫攻坚贵在精准，重在精准。在《脱贫攻坚必须在精准上出实招下实功见实效》中，习近平总书记明确要重点解决好四个问题：“扶持谁”的问题、“谁来扶”的问题、“怎么扶”的问题、“如何退”的问题。中国脱贫攻坚实行扶持对象、项目安排、资金使用、措施到户、因村派人、脱贫成效“六个精准”，通过出台一系列政策举措，构建一整套行之有效的政策体系、工作体系、制度体系，打出了一套组合拳，中国脱贫攻坚创造了全球最精彩的减贫治理实践样本。

This year marks the final year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and various localities and departments are planning economic work for the 15th Five-Year Plan period. We must earnestly strengthen the study of the *Selected Works*, adhere to the combination of theory and practice, achieve learning with reflection, understanding through reflection, guidance for action through understanding, and further reflection through action, and effectively improve the Party's overall theoretical level and dialectical thinking ability. Adhere to being demand-oriented, reality-oriented, and future-oriented, enhance the consciousness, initiative, and creativity in doing a good job in economic work in the New Era, and transform the study of the *Selected Works* into a powerful force for solving practical problems, innovating development models, improving development performance, and promoting the realization of high-quality development.

今年是“十四五”收官之年，各地各部门都在谋划“十五五”时期的经济工作。我们要切实加强《文选》学习，坚持理论与实践相结合，做到学中有思、以思悟理、以理引行、行再得思，切实提高全党政治理论水平和辩证思维能力。坚持面向需求、面向实际、面向未来，增强做好新时代经济工作的自觉性、主动性和创造性，把《文选》学习转化成破解实践难题、创新发展方式、提升发展绩效，推动实现高质量发展的强大力量。

(Author: Xu Zhanchen, is a researcher and Director of the Department of World Economic Research and Director of the Department of Belt and Road Research at the China Center for International Economic Exchanges)

（作者：徐占忱，系中国国际经济交流中心世界经济研究部部长、“一带一路”研究部部长，研究员）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心