Deeply Understand and Solidly Advance Chinese-Path Modernization

Building a great modern socialist country and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation have been the fervent dream of the Chinese people since modern times and the unswerving original aspiration and founding mission of the Communist Party of China. On the basis of long-term exploration and practice since the founding of New China, especially since reform and opening up, and through theoretical and practical innovation and breakthroughs since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has successfully advanced and expanded Chinese-path modernization. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has further deepened its understanding of the connotation and essence of Chinese-path modernization, summarized and formed its Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, and major principles, and initially constructed a theoretical system for Chinese-path modernization, making it clearer, more scientific, and more tangible and feasible. Com

建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴，是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的梦想，是中国共产党矢志不渝的初心使命。在新中国成立特别是改革开放以来长期探索和实践基础上，经过党的十八大以来在理论和实践上的创新突破，我们党成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。以习近平同志为核心的党中央进一步深化对中国式现代化的内涵和本质的认识，概括形成中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求和重大原则，初步构建中国式现代化的理论体系，使中国式现代化更加清晰、更加科学、更加可感可行。习近平总书记关于中国式现代化的一系列重要论述内涵丰富、思想深邃、逻辑严密，具有原创性、前瞻性和学理性，深刻体现了坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合的根本立场和科学方法，蕴含着强大的真理力量和实践伟力。

I. Adhering to National Conditions as the Basis, Endowing Chinese-Path Modernization with Distinct Chinese Characteristics

一、坚持以国情为依据，赋予中国式现代化鲜明的中国特色

General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: “The path of modernization a

习近平总书记深刻指出：“一个国家选择什么样的现代化道路，是由其历史传统、社会制度、发展条件、外部环境等诸多因素决定的。国情不同，现代化途径也会不同。实践证明，一个国家走向现代化，既要遵循现代化一般规律，更要符合本国实际，具有本国特色。”以国情为依据开辟中国式现代化道路，是习近平总书记明确揭示和反复强调的重要问题。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: “China’s greatest national condition is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. What is Chinese characteristic? This is Chinese characteristic.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, speech at the opening ceremony of a seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial level, January 2014. Chinese-path modernization is a socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China. This is the basic conclusion drawn from exploring the path of modernization based on the national conditions of contemporary China; it is the statement that defines Chinese-path modernization, the statement that governs the whole and governs the fundamentals. Why must the Party’s leading position in Chinese-path modernization be emphasized? This is because the Party’s leadership directly concerns the fundamental direction, future and destiny, and ultimate success or failure of Chinese-path modernization. History and practice have fully proven that upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most distinctive feature and the most prominent advantage of Chinese-path modernization, and is the primary principle that must be adhered to in advancing Chinese-path modernization. Only by unwaveringly upholding the Party’s leadership can Chinese-path modernization have a bright future and flourish; otherwise, it will deviate from its course, lose its soul, and even commit subversive errors. Upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China and upholding socialism with Chinese characteristics, as the essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, point out the correct direction for advancing Chinese-path modernization. This is the theoretical crystallization formed by our Party through deeply summarizing the historical experience of modernization in our country and other countries of the world, and through continuously deepening understanding, maturing strategy, and enriching practice regarding how a large Eastern country like ours can accelerate the realization of modernization.

习近平总书记强调：“中国最大的国情就是中国共产党的领导。什么是中国特色？这就是中国特色。”中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化。这是从当代中国国情出发探索现代化道路的基本结论，是对中国式现代化定性的话，是管总、管根本的。为什么要强调党在中国式现代化建设中的领导地位？这是因为，党的领导直接关系中国式现代化的根本方向、前途命运、最终成败。历史和实践充分证明，坚持中国共产党领导，是中国式现代化最鲜明的特征和最突出的优势，是推进中国式现代化必须坚持的首要原则。只有毫不动摇坚持党的领导，中国式现代化才能前景光明、繁荣兴盛；否则就会偏离航向、丧失灵魂，甚至犯颠覆性错误。坚持中国共产党领导，坚持中国特色社会主义，作为中国式现代化的本质要求，为推进中国式现代化指明了正确方向。这是我们党深刻总结我国和世界其他国家现代化建设的历史经验，对我国这样一个东方大国如何加快实现现代化，在认识上不断深入、战略上不断成熟、实践上不断丰富而形成的思想理论结晶。

Our country is in and will long remain in the primary stage of socialism; this is the basic national condition and the greatest reality for advancing Chinese-path modernization. As the world’s largest developing country with a population of over 1.4 billion, not only is the population size enormous, and the task of resolving the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development arduous, but advancing Chinese-path modernization to a higher level, a higher tier, and higher quality also places higher and more comprehensive demands on the integrity and coordination of various undertakings. Scientifically understanding the new historical juncture of our country’s development and adhering to proceeding from the basic national conditions are the foundation for the Party and the state to formulate correct lines, principles, and policies, and are the key to upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. In his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly summarized the five Chinese characteristics of Chinese-path modernization: modernization of a huge population, modernization of common prosperity for all, modernization of material and cultural-ethical progress in harmony, modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and modernization of taking the path of peaceful development. [2]2 Xi Jinping, report to the 20th National Congress These are both a theoretical summary and a practical requirement, pointing out a broad road for comprehensively building a great modern socialist country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

我国正处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，这是推进中国式现代化的基本国情和最大实际。作为一个拥有14亿多人口的世界最大发展中国家，不但人口规模巨大，解决人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾任务艰巨，而且推进中国式现代化向更高水平、更高层次、更高质量迈进，对各项事业发展的整体性和协调性要求更高更全面。科学认识我国发展新的历史方位，坚持从基本国情出发，是党和国家制定正确路线方针政策的基础，是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的关键。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中明确概括了中国式现代化五个方面的中国特色——人口规模巨大的现代化、全体人民共同富裕的现代化、物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化、人与自然和谐共生的现代化、走和平发展道路的现代化。这既是理论概括，也是实践要求，为全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴指明了一条康庄大道。

Chinese-path modernization, based on its own national conditions and conforming to its own reality, with its successful practice and theoretical innovation based on practice, provides a new choice for those countries and nations in the world that both hope to accelerate development and hope to maintain their own independence, and offers beneficial inspiration and experience for vast developing countries to independently explore their own distinctive paths of modernization based on their own national conditions. On the new journey, it is necessary to uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, firmly grasp the distinctive features of Chinese-path modernization, and further transform Chinese characteristics into successful practice and distinctive features into prominent advantages. Always proceed from national conditions when thinking about problems, making decisions, and handling affairs; maintain historical patience; adhere to making progress while maintaining stability, advancing step by step, and continuously promoting. Strive to uphold and promote social fairness and justice, strive to promote common prosperity for all the people, and resolutely prevent polarization. Continuously strengthen the material foundation of modernization, continuously consolidate the material conditions for the people’s happy life, and at the same time vigorously develop advanced socialist culture, promoting the coordination of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. Adhere to sustainable development, adhere to the policy of prioritizing conservation, protection, and natural restoration, protect nature and the ecological environment like protecting our eyes, and unswervingly take the path of civilized development featuring production development, affluent life, and sound ecology. Firmly stand on the right side of history and on the side of human civilization and progress, hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, seek our own development while firmly safeguarding world peace and development, and better safeguard world peace and development through our own development.

中国式现代化基于自身国情、符合本国实际，以其成功实践和基于实践基础上的理论创新，给世界上那些既希望加快发展又希望保持自身独立性的国家和民族提供了全新选择，为广大发展中国家基于自身国情自主探索各具特色的现代化之路提供了有益启示和经验。新征程上，必须坚持和加强党的全面领导，牢牢把握住中国式现代化的鲜明特色，进一步把中国特色变为成功实践、把鲜明特色变成突出优势。始终从国情出发想问题、作决策、办事情，保持历史耐心，坚持稳中求进、循序渐进、持续推进。着力维护和促进社会公平正义，着力促进全体人民共同富裕，坚决防止两极分化。不断厚植现代化的物质基础，不断夯实人民幸福生活的物质条件，同时大力发展社会主义先进文化，推动物质文明和精神文明相协调。坚持可持续发展，坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，像保护眼睛一样保护自然和生态环境，坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。坚定站在历史正确的一边、站在人类文明进步的一边，高举和平、发展、合作、共赢旗帜，在坚定维护世界和平与发展中谋求自身发展，又以自身发展更好维护世界和平与发展。

II. Adhere to a People-Centered Approach, Highlighting the Firm People-Oriented Direction of Chinese-Path Modernization

二、坚持以人民为中心，突出中国式现代化坚定的人民性方向

General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed, “We must adhere to the principle of putting the people first and highlight the people-oriented nature of the modernization direction,” and “Chinese-path modernization is the cause of all the Chinese people; it is necessary to firmly rely on the people and gather the infinite wisdom and strength contained within the people to continuously create new historical achievements.” [3]3 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, held in November 2013, where the landmark decision “On Comprehensively Deepening Reform” was adopted. The reason Chinese-path modernization is workable and stable lies in the key point of adhering to a people-centered approach and taking benefiting the people as the direction of modernization development.

习近平总书记强调，“我们要坚守人民至上理念，突出现代化方向的人民性”，“中国式现代化是全体中国人民的事业，必须紧紧依靠人民，汇聚蕴藏在人民中的无穷智慧和力量，才能不断创造新的历史伟业”。中国式现代化之所以走得通、行得稳，关键在于坚持以人民为中心，把造福人民作为现代化发展的方向。

The people are the creators of history and the most solid foundation and deepest strength for advancing modernization. Chinese-path modernization is the cause of hundreds of millions of people themselves, consistently adhering to development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people. In the process of advancing Chinese-path modernization, our Party respects the people’s principal position and pioneering spirit, develops whole-process people’s democracy, concentrates the rich wisdom and infinite creative power of the masses into the cause of modernization construction, and opens up a completely new path different from the Western modernization model. Since the founding of New China, especially since reform and opening up, we have completed the industrialization process that took Western developed countries several hundred years in just a few decades, creating the miracle of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and opening up broad prospects for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The advancement and expansion of Chinese-path modernization have made the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security more substantial, more guaranteed, and more sustainable.

人民是历史的创造者，是推进现代化最坚实的根基、最深厚的力量。中国式现代化是亿万人民自己的事业，始终坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。在中国式现代化的推进过程中，我们党尊重人民的主体地位和首创精神，发展全过程人民民主，把人民群众的丰富智慧和无限创造力凝聚到现代化建设事业中，开辟出一条不同于西方现代化模式的全新道路。新中国成立特别是改革开放以来，我们用几十年时间走完西方发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定的奇迹，为中华民族伟大复兴开辟了广阔前景。中国式现代化的推进和拓展，让人民获得感、幸福感、安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续。

The successful practice of Chinese-path modernization shows that only by highlighting the people-centered orientation of modernization can the path of modernization be smoothly advanced and continuously expanded. On the new journey, we must continue to anchor ourselves to the people’s aspiration for a better life and effectively implement the people-centered value orientation in all decisions, deployments, and practical work. First, we must continuously enhance the people’s sense of agency in the process of modernization. Currently, China is in a critical period of comprehensively deepening reform and accelerating the advancement of Chinese-path modernization. Unprecedented social changes urgently require enhancing the people’s sense of agency, continuously raising their identification with the grand goals and development strategies of Chinese-path modernization, thereby forging a mighty force of the entire people jointly advancing the great cause of building a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and using their own diligence and wisdom to create a better life. Second, the fruits of modernization must be shared more fully and equitably among all the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes, “Modernization must not only look at indicators and data on paper, but more importantly, at the people’s well-being and happiness.” Entering the new stage of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, the people’s growing need for a better life becomes more prominent. Besides higher demands for material and cultural life, demands in areas such as democracy, rule of law, fairness, justice, security, and the environment are also growing daily. On the new journey, we must firmly grasp the new changes in the principal contradiction in society, always adhere to development as the Party’s top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country, take upholding high-quality development as the primary task of modernization, ensure and improve people’s livelihoods through achieving high-quality development, and solve the most immediate and practical interests of the people that concern them most. Third, we must continuously promote the well-rounded development of the individual in the process of modernization. The essence of Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of the people, and its ultimate goal is to realize the free and well-rounded development of the individual. Advancing Chinese-path modernization requires better responding to demands from all aspects and multi-level needs, taking the realization of the well-rounded development of the individual and comprehensive social progress as an inherent requirement and a practical task, to be carried through all fields and the entire process of Chinese-path modernization construction.

中国式现代化的成功实践表明，只有突出现代化方向的人民性，现代化道路才能顺利推进、不断拓展。新征程上，要继续锚定人民对美好生活的向往，切实将人民性的价值导向落实到各项决策部署和实际工作中。其一，要不断增强人民群众在现代化建设中的主体意识。当前，我国正处于全面深化改革、加快推进中国式现代化的关键时期，前所未有的社会变革迫切要求增强人民群众的主体意识，不断提升对中国式现代化宏伟目标和发展战略的认同，从而形成万众一心共同推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的磅礴力量，用自己的勤劳和智慧创造更加美好的生活。其二，要让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。习近平总书记强调，“现代化不仅要看纸面上的指标数据，更要看人民的幸福安康”。进入全面建设社会主义现代化国家新阶段，人民日益增长的美好生活需要进一步凸显，除了对物质文化生活有了更高要求，在民主、法治、公平、正义、安全、环境等方面的要求也日益增长。新征程上，必须紧紧抓住社会主要矛盾新变化，始终坚持发展这个党执政兴国的第一要务，把坚持高质量发展作为现代化建设的首要任务，在实现高质量发展中保障和改善民生，解决好人民群众最关心最直接最现实的利益问题。其三，要在现代化进程中不断促进人的全面发展。中国式现代化的本质是人的现代化，最终目标是实现人的自由而全面的发展。推进中国式现代化，要更好回应各方面诉求和多层次需要，把实现人的全面发展和社会全面进步作为内在要求和现实任务，贯穿于中国式现代化建设的各个领域和全部过程。

III. Adhere to Taking Chinese Civilization as the Foundation, and Build a Deep Cultural Foundation for Chinese-Path Modernization

三、坚持以中华文明为底蕴，筑牢中国式现代化深厚的文化根基

General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Civilization is a notable hallmark of a modernized country,” and “Chinese-path modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern power, while Chinese civilization endows Chinese-path modernization with profound foundations.” General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition profoundly elucidates the intrinsic connection of mutual integration and mutual achievement between Chinese-path modernization and Chinese civilization. It is not only a scientific guide for understanding the foundations and significance of Chinese-path modernization but also provides an important guideline for advancing Chinese-path modernization on the profound basis of over five thousand years of Chinese civilization.

习近平总书记指出，“文明是现代化国家的显著标志”，“中国式现代化赋予中华文明以现代力量，中华文明赋予中国式现代化以深厚底蕴”。习近平总书记的重要论述深刻阐释了中国式现代化与中华文明相互融通、彼此成就的内在联系，不仅是理解中国式现代化底蕴和意义的科学指引，也为在五千多年中华文明深厚基础上推进中国式现代化提供了重要遵循。

Modernization is a major achievement in the process of human civilization. The modernization of any country cannot be separated from its own and its nation’s unique material civilization, cultural-ethical progress, institutional civilization, and so forth, which serve as the developmental foundation and powerful driving force. Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that has grown out of the Chinese land, a modernization that continues the ancient civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Chinese-path modernization is deeply rooted in fine traditional Chinese culture, embodies the advanced nature of scientific socialism, draws on and absorbs all outstanding achievements of human civilization, represents the direction of progress in human civilization, presents a new picture different from the Western modernization model, and is a brand-new form of human civilization.” Only by basing ourselves on the magnificent history of over five thousand years of Chinese civilization can we truly understand the historical inevitability, cultural connotation, and unique advantages of the Chinese path, truly understand the Chinese characteristics and essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, and walk the broad path of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

现代化是人类文明进程中的重大成果。任何国家的现代化，都离不开本国和本民族特有的物质文明、精神文明、制度文明等作为发展底蕴和强大动力。中国式现代化是从中华大地长出来的现代化，是赓续古老文明的现代化。习近平总书记指出，“中国式现代化，深深植根于中华优秀传统文化，体现科学社会主义的先进本质，借鉴吸收一切人类优秀文明成果，代表人类文明进步的发展方向，展现了不同于西方现代化模式的新图景，是一种全新的人类文明形态”。只有立足五千多年波澜壮阔的中华文明史，才能真正理解中国道路的历史必然、文化内涵与独特优势，才能真正理解中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求，走好全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的康庄大道。

The time-honored, extensive, and profound fine traditional Chinese culture embodies the deepest spiritual pursuits of the Chinese nation and represents the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation, the core content of which has become the most fundamental cultural genes of the Chinese nation. The value concepts, spiritual strength, and wisdom and experience contained in fine traditional Chinese culture possess unique charm and advantages, provide important insights for solving contemporary human challenges, and offer rich nourishment and endogenous driving force for Chinese-path modernization. For example, the people-oriented tradition of “the world is for all, the people are the foundation of the state” provides effective social governance concepts for the modernization of a huge population; the ideal of great harmony of “appreciating the beauty of others and seeking common ground for all under heaven” is an important ideological nourishment for the modernization of common prosperity for all the people; value concepts such as “the highest good is like water, and great virtue carries all things” provide rich spiritual resources for realizing the modernization of coordinated development of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress; the symbiotic concept of “unity of heaven and man, following the way of nature” is the source of ecological wisdom for the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature; the cultural tradition of “valuing trust and harmony, and being kind to neighbors” is a precious contribution from China, which follows the path of peaceful development, to the world. Continuing and promoting the genes of fine traditional culture is an inevitable choice in China’s modernization transformation. In the process of Chinese-path modernization, we must fully explore and absorb the ideological essence of fine traditional Chinese culture, combine it with the practical needs of the times, achieve a deep integration of tradition and modernity through upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, consolidate the cultural foundation of Chinese-path modernization, and better contribute to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the progress of human civilization.

源远流长、博大精深的中华优秀传统文化，积淀着中华民族最深沉的精神追求，代表着中华民族独特的精神标识，其中最核心的内容已经成为中华民族最基本的文化基因。中华优秀传统文化所蕴含的价值理念、精神力量和智慧经验，具有独特的魅力和优势，对解决当代人类面临难题具有重要启示，为中国式现代化提供丰厚滋养和内生动力。例如，“天下为公、民为邦本”的民本传统，为人口规模巨大的现代化提供有效的社会治理理念；“美美与共，天下大同”的大同思想，是全体人民共同富裕的现代化的重要思想滋养；“上善若水、厚德载物”等价值观念，为实现物质文明和精神文明协调发展的现代化提供丰厚精神资源；“天人合一、道法自然”等共生理念，是人与自然和谐共生的生态智慧源泉；“讲信修睦、亲仁善邻”的文化传统，是走和平发展道路的中国向世界贡献的宝贵财富。赓续弘扬优秀传统文化基因是中国在现代化转型中的必然选择。在中国式现代化进程中，要充分挖掘并吸收中华优秀传统文化的思想精华，结合时代的现实需要，在守正创新中实现传统与现代的深度融合，夯实中国式现代化的文化根基，更好地助力中华民族复兴和人类文明进步。

IV. Adhere to Taking Reform as the Driving Force, and Unleash the Powerful Institutional Advantages of Chinese-Path Modernization

四、坚持以改革为动力，释放中国式现代化强大的制度优势

General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “To achieve the goals and tasks of the new era and new journey, we must take comprehensively deepening reform as the fundamental driving force for advancing Chinese-path modernization, as an important lever for stabilizing the overall situation, responding to changes, and opening up new prospects, keep the direction correct, uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, work in a down-to-earth manner, and write a new chapter of reform and opening up on the new journey,” emphasizing that “to advance Chinese-path modernization, we must further comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, continuously unleash and develop the productive forces, and unleash and enhance social vitality. We must conform to the new trends of the times, the new requirements of practical development, and the new expectations of the people, with the firm determination to reform to the end, take real action, dare to tackle tough issues, make precise, coordinated, and sustained efforts, and resolutely remove all institutional and mechanistic obstacles that hinder the smooth advancement of Chinese-path modernization.” General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies on comprehensively deepening reform profoundly reveal the laws of comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era and serve as the fundamental guideline and action guide for solidly advancing Chinese-path modernization through further comprehensively deepening reform.

习近平总书记指出，“实现新时代新征程的目标任务，要把全面深化改革作为推进中国式现代化的根本动力，作为稳大局、应变局、开新局的重要抓手，把准方向、守正创新、真抓实干，在新征程上谱写改革开放新篇章”，强调“推进中国式现代化，必须进一步全面深化改革开放，不断解放和发展社会生产力、解放和增强社会活力。我们要顺应时代发展新趋势、实践发展新要求、人民群众新期待，以改革到底的坚强决心，动真格、敢碰硬，精准发力、协同发力、持续发力，坚决破除一切制约中国式现代化顺利推进的体制机制障碍”。习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的一系列新理念、新思想、新战略，是对新时代全面深化改革规律的深刻揭示，是以进一步全面深化改革扎实推进中国式现代化的根本遵循和行动指南。

Reform and opening up in the New Era have many new connotations and characteristics, among which a very important point is that institutional construction carries significant weight. Reform now faces more deep-seated institutional and mechanistic issues, requiring higher demands for top-level design of reform and stronger demands for the systemic, holistic, and synergistic nature of reform, correspondingly making the tasks of establishing rules and regulations and building systems heavier. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee [3]3 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, held in November 2013, where the landmark decision “On Comprehensively Deepening Reform” was adopted. set “improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity” as the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform, ushering in a new era of comprehensively deepening reform and advancing reform through systematic overall design, and creating a new situation for China’s reform and opening up. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee [4]4 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC, held in October 2019, which focused on upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. emphasized adhering to and improving the fundamental systems, basic systems, and important systems that support the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, focusing on consolidating the foundation, leveraging advantages, making up for shortcomings, and strengthening weak points, building a system complete, scientifically standardized, and effectively operational, strengthening systematic governance, law-based governance, comprehensive governance, and source governance, and better transforming China’s institutional advantages into national governance effectiveness. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee [5]5 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, which focused on further comprehensively deepening reform to advance Chinese-path modernization. scientifically planned the overall deployment for further comprehensively deepening reform around advancing Chinese-path modernization, emphasizing the need to adhere to institutional construction as the main line, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, establish the new while abolishing the old, prioritize establishing the new before abolishing the old, consolidate fundamental systems, improve basic systems, and innovate important systems, providing a solid institutional guarantee for advancing Chinese-path modernization.

新时代改革开放具有许多新的内涵和特点，其中很重要的一点就是制度建设分量很重。改革更多面对的是深层次体制机制问题，对改革顶层设计的要求更高，对改革的系统性、整体性、协同性要求更强，相应地建章立制、构建体系的任务更重。党的十八届三中全会把“完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”作为全面深化改革的总目标，开启了全面深化改革、系统整体设计推进改革的新时代，开创了我国改革开放的全新局面。党的十九届四中全会强调坚持和完善支撑中国特色社会主义制度的根本制度、基本制度、重要制度，着力固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项，构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系，加强系统治理、依法治理、综合治理、源头治理，把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能。党的二十届三中全会科学谋划围绕推进中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革的总体部署，强调必须坚持以制度建设为主线，加强顶层设计、总体谋划，破立并举、先立后破，筑牢根本制度、完善基本制度、创新重要制度，为推进中国式现代化提供坚实制度保障。

Adhering to the institutional construction as the main line, continuously promoting institutional improvement and development, fully unleashing the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and providing institutional guarantees and powerful impetus for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation are key links and important tasks in solidly advancing Chinese-path modernization driven by further comprehensively deepening reform. On the new journey, we must closely focus on the theme of Chinese-path modernization, firmly grasp the main line of institutional construction, strengthen institutional confidence, promote institutional innovation, and deeply advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. We must combine the central authorities’ requirements, the people’s expectations, and actual needs, promote the self-improvement of institutions in the process of solving practical problems, deepen institutional mechanism reforms and innovations in various fields, so that institutions stand firm, work smoothly, and are truly effective, enhance governance efficiency in strengthening institutional implementation and maintaining institutional authority, and use the new advantages of the “Chinese system” to push the “Chinese governance” toward a new realm.

坚持以制度建设为主线，不断促进制度完善和发展，充分释放中国特色社会主义制度优势，为强国建设、民族复兴提供制度保障和强大动力，是以进一步全面深化改革为动力扎实推进中国式现代化的关键环节和重要任务。新征程上，必须紧紧围绕中国式现代化这一主题，牢牢把握制度建设这一主线，坚定制度自信、推进制度创新，深入推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。把中央要求、群众期盼、实际需要等结合起来，在解决实际问题中推进制度的自我完善，深化各个领域体制机制改革创新，使制度立得住、行得通、真管用，在加大制度执行、维护制度权威中提升治理效能，以“中国之制”新优势推动“中国之治”迈向新境界。

V. Adhering to a Problem-Oriented Approach, Demonstrating the Solid Development Achievements of Chinese-Path Modernization

五、坚持以问题为导向，展现中国式现代化扎实的发展成效

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “We Chinese Communists engage in revolution, construction, and reform always to solve China’s practical problems. It can be said that reform is driven by problems and deepened in the continuous process of solving problems.” Further comprehensively deepening reform must “adhere to addressing both symptoms and root causes, with a focus on the root causes. We must continue to work comprehensively, so that reform measures fully cover the prominent problems that need to be solved in advancing Chinese-path modernization; and we must also persistently deepen efforts, highlight the economic system as the key, and focus on resolving deep-seated institutional mechanisms and structural contradictions.” Development sets the questions, reform writes the answers; targeting problems and tackling them head-on is a valuable experience of our Party in leading and advancing Chinese-path modernization in the New Era, and a distinct character and important standpoint, viewpoint, and method contained in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Chinese-path modernization.

习近平总书记强调，“我们中国共产党人干革命、搞建设、抓改革，从来都是为了解决中国的现实问题。可以说，改革是由问题倒逼而产生，又在不断解决问题中得以深化”，进一步全面深化改革要“坚持标本兼治、重在治本，既要继续在全面上下功夫，使改革举措全面覆盖推进中国式现代化需要解决的突出问题；又要持续在深化上用实劲，突出经济体制这个重点，着力破解深层次体制机制障碍和结构性矛盾”。发展出题目、改革做文章，奔着问题去、盯着问题改，是新时代我们党领导推进中国式现代化的宝贵经验，是习近平总书记关于中国式现代化重要论述蕴含的鲜明品格和重要立场观点方法。

Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is a distinct feature of Marxism. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Adhering to the guidance of Marxism must be implemented in studying the major theoretical and practical issues facing our country’s development and our Party’s governance, and in proposing correct ideas and effective methods to solve problems.” Deeply resolving prominent contradictions and problems on the path forward is of great significance for ensuring the steady and sustained advancement of Chinese-path modernization. Historical experience shows that the ability to face problems, resolve contradictions, and meet challenges directly affects the quality and effectiveness of modernization. Chinese-path modernization not only has its own unique advantages, minimizing the detours taken by Western countries in their modernization processes, but also inevitably faces various severe problems and challenges, including common issues encountered in the modernization processes of all countries, as well as special problems arising from new changes in the world landscape and new developments in China’s situation. Only by recognizing and facing problems head-on, grasping overall and strategic issues, highlighting major and key problems, concentrating on solving the most critical and urgent problems, and solving various problems of concern to the masses in accordance with the times and circumstances, can we firmly grasp the strategic initiative in reform and development, and continuously add momentum and vitality to economic and social development.

坚持问题导向是马克思主义的鲜明特点。习近平总书记指出，“坚持以马克思主义为指导，必须落到研究我国发展和我们党执政面临的重大理论和实践问题上来，落到提出解决问题的正确思路和有效办法上来”。深入解决前进道路上的突出矛盾和问题，对于确保中国式现代化行稳致远、持续推进具有重大意义。历史经验表明，能否直面问题、化解矛盾、应对挑战，直接关系到现代化的成色和成效。中国式现代化既具有自己的独特优势，最大程度地避免西方国家现代化所走过的弯路，又不可避免地面临种种严峻问题和挑战，包括各国现代化进程中遇到的共性问题，也包括在世界格局新变化和我国发展新形势下产生的特殊问题。唯有正视问题、直面问题，抓住全局性、战略性问题，突出重大问题、关键问题，集中解决最关键、最迫切的问题，因时因势解决各类群众关心关注的问题，才能牢牢把握改革发展的战略主动，不断为经济社会发展增动力、添活力。

Advancing Chinese-path modernization requires combining a goal-oriented approach with a problem-oriented approach, further strengthening problem awareness, exploring laws in the process of courageously answering new questions, and forging ahead in deeply resolving new contradictions. We must fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, focus on the practical problems of further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization, and profoundly answer the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times. We must firmly stand with the people, grasp their aspirations, go deep into the grassroots and the masses, and through in-depth investigation and research, truly identify the urgent, difficult, and anxious problems faced by the masses, reflect their opinions, and summarize the experiences they have created. We must be adept at thinking about and grasping some major theoretical and practical issues from a broad perspective that connects history and reality, domestic and international contexts, and theory and practice, continuously enhancing the acuity of discovering problems and the depth of analyzing problems. Closely focusing on advancing Chinese-path modernization, we must further strengthen the top-level design and overall planning of comprehensively deepening reform, and continuously propose new ideas, new approaches, and new methods that truly solve problems. We must establish and practice a correct outlook on political performance, not only ascertain the actual situation, take practical measures, and seek practical results, but also identify the crux of institutional mechanism obstacles, so as to apply the right remedy, eliminate symptoms, and form a long-term mechanism for solving problems.

推进中国式现代化要坚持目标导向和问题导向相结合，进一步强化问题意识，在勇于回答新问题中探索规律，在深入化解新矛盾中勇毅前行。全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，聚焦进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的实际问题，深刻回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问。站稳人民立场、把握人民愿望，深入基层、深入群众，通过深入调查研究，真正把群众面临的急难愁盼问题找出来，把群众的意见反映上来，把群众创造的经验总结出来。善于从历史和现实相贯通、国际和国内相关联、理论和实际相结合的宽广视角，对一些重大理论和实践问题进行思考和把握，不断增强发现问题的敏锐性、分析问题的深刻性。紧扣推进中国式现代化，进一步加强对全面深化改革的顶层设计和整体谋划，不断提出真正解决问题的新理念新思路新办法。树立和践行正确政绩观，既要察实情、出实招、求实效，也要把准体制机制障碍的症结，从而对症下药、祛除症状，形成解决问题的长效机制。

(The author is the Deputy Director of the Academic Committee of the Chinese Political Science Association and a member of the Academic Committee of the Shandong Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

（作者系中国政治学会学术委员会副主任，山东省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心学术委员会委员）

Online Editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁