Pursuing Solid and Genuine Development

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “If we want to develop, we must rely on our own hard work and solid effort; we cannot pin our hopes on the charity of others, nor does anyone in the world have such an ability,” and “we must base ourselves on improving quality and efficiency to promote sustained and healthy economic development, pursuing solid and genuine gross domestic product without any ‘water content,’ pursuing economic development that is effective, high-quality, and sustainable.” We must follow General Secretary Xi Jinping’s consistent strategic deployment, truly work hard and

习近平总书记指出，“想发展就要靠自己苦干实干，不能寄托于别人的恩赐，世界上也没有谁有这样的能力”，“要立足提高质量和效益来推动经济持续健康发展，追求实实在在、没有水分的生产总值，追求有效益、有质量、可持续的经济发展”。我们要按照习近平总书记一以贯之的战略部署，真抓实干、埋头苦干，持续推进实实在在的发展，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业。

Setting the goal of “solid and real” development

明确“实”的目标

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping, standing at the overall height of the cause of the Party and the state, has profoundly grasped the general trends of world development and China’s actual conditions, discerned the currents of the times, and made a series of scientific plans for China’s strategic development goals after entering the New Era, providing the fundamental guidance for creating a new situation in the cause of the Party and the state in the New Era.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记站在党和国家事业发展全局高度，深刻把握世界发展大势和中国发展实际，洞察时代潮流，对进入新时代后我国发展战略目标作了一系列科学谋划，为新时代开创党和国家事业新局面提供了根本遵循。

The 18th National Congress of the CPC clearly set the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020 and achieving the first centenary goal. At the beginning of reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping explicitly put forward the vision of “building a moderately prosperous society” and “blazing a Chinese-style path to modernization.” In 2002, the 16th National Congress of the CPC declared that the Chinese people’s standard of living had reached a moderately prosperous level on the whole, and explicitly proposed the goal of building a moderately prosperous society of a higher standard benefiting well over one billion people in the first two decades of the 21st century. The 18th National Congress of the CPC, responding to the new developments in Chinese society and the new expectations of the broad masses of the people, put forward the goal and requirement of “completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.” General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “Completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects is not a ‘numbers game’ or a ‘speed game,’ but a solid and real goal.” This includes: doubling the 2010 GDP and per capita urban and rural resident income by 2020, generally raising the people’s living standards and quality, lifting all rural poor out of poverty under the current standard, and generally improving the quality of the ecological environment. These goals are all operable and achievable, enhancing the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security.

党的十八大明确到2020年全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标。改革开放之初，邓小平同志明确提出“建设小康社会”、“走出一条中国式的现代化道路”的设想。2002年党的十六大宣告我国人民生活总体上达到小康水平，明确提出本世纪头二十年，全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会目标。党的十八大顺应中国社会新发展和广大人民新期待，提出“全面建成小康社会”的目标要求。习近平总书记强调，“全面建成小康社会，不是一个‘数字游戏’或‘速度游戏’，而是一个实实在在的目标”。这其中包括：到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，人民生活水平和质量普遍提高，现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫，生态环境质量总体改善。这些目标都是可操作、能落地的，增强了人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。

The 19th National Congress of the CPC and the 20th National Congress of the CPC made strategic arrangements for achieving the second centenary goal in two stages. The 19th National Congress of the CPC, standing at a new historical starting point, proposed basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035 and building China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of this century. This strategic arrangement advanced the timeline for basically realizing socialist modernization by 15 years. The 20th National Congress of the CPC made clear that the central task of the CPC on the new journey of the New Era is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, achieve the second centenary goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization; it further clarified that by 2035, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening will be achieved, and more substantial and tangible progress will be made in common prosperity for all the people. From completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects to basically realizing socialist modernization, and then to comprehensively building a great modern socialist country, our Party adheres to making progress while maintaining stability and advancing in succession. The grand blueprint and development path for the second centenary goal are becoming increasingly clear.

党的十九大、党的二十大对实现第二个百年奋斗目标作出分两个阶段推进的战略安排。党的十九大站在新的历史起点上提出，到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。这一战略安排，将基本实现社会主义现代化的时间提前了15年。党的二十大明确，新时代新征程中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴；同时进一步明确，到2035年人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平，实现高水平科技自立自强，全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。从全面建成小康社会到基本实现社会主义现代化，再到全面建成社会主义现代化强国，我们党坚持稳中求进、接续推进，第二个百年奋斗目标的宏伟蓝图和发展路径愈加清晰。

The Party Central Committee has refined and concretized the “two centenary goals” into the goals of five-year plans and annual plans. In the historical process of successively advancing the “two centenary goals,” the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further put forward proposals for the 13th Five-Year Plan and the 14th Five-Year Plan, clarifying the economic and social development goals and major strategic measures for these two five-year plans. The Party Central Committee has made special arrangements for major issues such as peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, poverty alleviation, solidly promoting common prosperity, and fostering a new development paradigm. The Central Economic Work Conference deeply analyzes and judges changes in the economic situation, and proposes the main targets for annual economic and social development based on medium- and long-term strategic goals. The formulation of five-year plan and annual plan goals fully considers needs and possibilities, being both inspiring and practical; the goal-setting process fully promotes democracy, solicits opinions from all sides, and undergoes scientific demonstration; the goals are tangible and perceptible, such as the poverty alleviation goal, which, in addition to income indicators, is concretized as the “Two Assurances and Three Guarantees” (assurances of adequate food and clothing, and guarantees of compulsory education, basic medical care, and safe housing). These major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are a further refinement and concretization of the “two centenary goals,” forming a goal arrangement from medium- and long-term strategy to five-year plans and then to annual plans, with specific quantitative indicators specified. This is a vivid portrayal of our Party’s down-to-earth, persistent, and unwavering commitment to carrying out the blueprint to the end.

党中央将“两个一百年”奋斗目标细化实化为五年规划、年度计划目标。在接续推进“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史进程中，党的十八届五中全会、党的十九届五中全会进一步提出了“十三五”、“十四五”规划纲要建议，明确了两个五年规划的经济社会发展目标和重大战略举措。党中央对碳达峰碳中和、脱贫攻坚、扎实推进共同富裕、构建新发展格局等重大问题作了专门部署。中央经济工作会议深入分析研判经济形势变化，根据中长期战略目标，提出年度经济社会发展主要目标。五年规划和年度计划目标的制定，充分考虑需要和可能，既鼓舞人心，又切实可行；目标制定的过程都充分发扬民主，征求各方面意见，经过科学论证；目标是可感可及的，如脱贫攻坚目标，除了收入指标外，还具体化为“两不愁三保障”（不愁吃、不愁穿，义务教育、基本医疗和住房安全有保障）。党中央的这些重大决策部署是对“两个一百年”奋斗目标的进一步细化实化，形成了从中长期战略到五年、再到年度的目标安排，并明确具体的量化指标，是我们党脚踏实地、持之以恒、一张蓝图绘到底的鲜明写照。

Advancing “solid and real” measures

推进“实”的举措

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “To hold high the banner of reform and opening up, it is not enough to have only a stance and attitude; there must be solid and real measures.” While scientifically determining development goals, the Party Central Committee precisely plans and pragmatically advances work in all areas, transforming the beautiful blueprint into reality through one solid and real major measure after another.

习近平总书记强调，“高举改革开放的旗帜，光有立场和态度还不行，必须有实实在在的举措。”党中央在科学确定发展目标的同时，精准谋划、务实推进各方面工作，以一个又一个实实在在的重大举措使描绘的美好蓝图转化为现实。

Adhere to focusing the efforts of economic development on the real economy, and develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “No matter what stage of economic development we reach, the real economy is the foundation of our country’s economic development and the root of our initiative in international economic competition. Our economy started with the real economy, and it will also move towards the future through the real economy.” China has become the world’s largest manufacturing country, and the real economy has always been the foundation of the country, the basis of its strength, and the key to its security. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have accelerated the construction of a modern industrial system supported by the real economy. First, promote scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. Improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, focus on “bottleneck” areas such as integrated circuits, high-end equipment, and basic materials, and fight the tough battle for key core technologies. Second, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system. Promote the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, promote the integrated development of the real economy and the digital economy, and promote the high-end, intelligent, and green development of manufacturing. Third, comprehensively strengthen infrastructure construction. Accelerate the layout and construction of new infrastructure, build the main framework of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, and promote the construction of new urban infrastructure and national security infrastructure. After the 20th National Congress of the CPC, facing new situations and challenges at home and abroad

坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，因地制宜发展新质生产力。习近平总书记强调，“不论经济发展到什么时候，实体经济都是我国经济发展、我们在国际经济竞争中赢得主动的根基。我国经济是靠实体经济起家的，也要靠实体经济走向未来”。我国已成为全球第一制造业大国，实体经济一直都是我国的立国之基、强国之本、安全之要。党的十八大以来，我们加快建设以实体经济为支撑的现代化产业体系。一是推动科技自立自强。健全新型举国体制，聚焦集成电路、高端装备、基础材料等“卡脖子”领域，打好关键核心技术攻坚战。二是加快建设现代化产业体系。推动先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合，推动实体经济和数字经济融合发展，推动制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化发展。三是全面加强基础设施建设。加快布局建设新型基础设施，构建国家综合立体交通网主骨架，推进新型城市基础设施和国家安全基础设施建设。党的二十大后，面对国内外的新形势新挑战，习近平总书记进一步指出，“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点”。我们要继续做好创新这篇大文章，组织实施增强制造业核心竞争力行动、国家战略性新兴产业集群发展工程，支持人工智能、生物制造、未来能源、量子科技等领域发展，加快传统产业升级、新兴产业发展、未来产业布局，推动新质生产力加快发展。

We will thoroughly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and accelerate the construction of a new pattern of development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “The advantage of a major country’s economy lies in its internal recyclability,” and “We must strengthen the leading role of the domestic circulation in the dual circulation, shaping new advantages for our country’s participation in international cooperation and competition.” At present, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and the threats of unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemonism are intensifying. For a long time, China’s economic development has had its markets and resources “both ends abroad,” with insufficient domestic demand, especially weak consumer demand, being a prominent problem. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have maintained the sober-mindedness of “being on a ‘test’ [1]1 “Being on a ‘test’” (赶考) is a metaphor originating from Mao Zedong’s remark in 1949, comparing the CPC’s assumption of national governance to an imperial examination, implying a constant need for vigilance and self-examination.,” unswervingly handled our own affairs well, and accelerated the construction of a new pattern of development with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. First, we will vigorously boost consumption. We will adhere to the combination of improving people’s livelihoods and promoting consumption, implementing actions to boost consumption. We will carry out trade-ins of consumer goods, promote the green and intelligent upgrading of durable consumer goods, and ensure that “real gold and silver” benefits reach the vast number of consumers directly. Second, we will actively expand effective investment. We will maintain reasonable investment growth, optimize the investment structure, and improve investment efficiency. We will steadily advance the implementation of major national strategies and the construction of security capacity in key areas. We will improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in major national project construction and actively guide private capital to participate in major project construction. Third, we will build a new, higher-standard open economic system. We will completely abolish all foreign investment access restrictions in the manufacturing sector and orderly expand the opening of the service sector. We will orderly promote the construction of platforms such as pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port, and build the Belt and Road Initiative with high quality. We will actively promote the full entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

深入实施扩大内需战略，加快构建新发展格局。习近平总书记指出，“大国经济的优势就是内部可循环”，“要加强国内大循环在双循环中的主导作用，塑造我国参与国际合作和竞争新优势”。当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，单边主义、保护主义、霸权主义威胁加剧。长期以来，我国经济发展市场和资源“两头在外”，内需不足特别是消费需求偏弱问题突出。党的十八大以来，我们时刻保持“赶考”清醒，坚定不移办好自己的事，加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。一是大力提振消费。坚持惠民生、促消费结合，实施提振消费行动。开展消费品以旧换新，推动耐用消费品绿色化、智能化升级，使“真金白银”的优惠直达广大消费者。二是积极扩大有效投资。保持投资合理增长，优化投资结构，提高投资效益。稳步推进国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设。健全民营企业参与国家重大项目建设长效机制，积极引导民营资本参与重大项目建设。三是建设更高水平开放型经济新体制。全面取消制造业领域外资准入限制，有序扩大服务业开放。有序推动自贸试验区、海南自由贸易港等平台建设，高质量共建“一带一路”。积极推动《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）全面生效。

We will continue to advance poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in succession, and solidly promote common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “We cannot declare the completion of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects on the one hand, while on the other hand, the living standards of tens of millions of people are still below the poverty line,” and “Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, the entire Party and the people of the whole country have been united in heart and mind, adhering to doing their utmost within their capabilities, and striving to improve people’s livelihood and well-being. First, we won the battle against poverty. We established files and cards for the poor population nationwide, achieving precise identification down to the individual. We established a working mechanism with central coordination, provincial responsibility, and implementation by cities and counties, assigning responsibilities to individuals. We implemented projects tailored to local conditions, such as “lifting some out of poverty through developing production,” “lifting some out of poverty through relocation,” “lifting some out of poverty through ecological compensation,” “lifting some out of poverty through developing education,” and “providing social security as a safety net for some.” We set a timetable, left a buffer period, strictly conducted assessment and acceptance, and cancelled cases household by household, ensuring precise poverty alleviation down to the individual. Second, we comprehensively promoted rural revitalization. We continuously consolidated and expanded the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively linked them with rural revitalization, promoting the integration and alignment of policies for preventing a return to poverty and regular assistance policies for the low-income rural population. We focused on industrial and employment assistance, striving to enhance the “blood-creating” function. Third, we strengthened the construction of inclusive, basic, and safety-net people’s livelihoods. We deeply implemented the employment-first strategy, promoted reasonable growth of wage income, broadened channels for property income, and took multiple measures to increase farmers’ income. We improved the social security system for old-age care, medical care, etc., and raised the basic pension levels for urban and rural residents. We promoted high-quality population development and implemented a childcare subsidy system.

接续推进脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴，扎实推动共同富裕。习近平总书记指出，“我们不能一边宣布全面建成了小康社会，另一边还有几千万人口的生活水平处在扶贫标准线以下”，“中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化”。党的十八大以来，在党中央坚强领导下，全党全国人民上下同心，坚持尽力而为、量力而行，努力改善民生福祉。一是打赢脱贫攻坚战。对全国贫困人口建档立卡，实现精准识别到人。建立中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制，把责任落实到人。因地制宜实施“发展生产脱贫一批”“易地搬迁脱贫一批”“生态补偿脱贫一批”“发展教育脱贫一批”“社会保障兜底一批”工程，设定时间表、留出缓冲期、严格评估验收、逐户销号，确保精准脱贫到人。二是全面推进乡村振兴。持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接，推动防止返贫帮扶政策和农村低收入人口常态化帮扶政策衔接并轨，突出抓好产业就业帮扶，努力增强“造血”功能。三是加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设。深入实施就业优先战略，促进工资性收入合理增长、拓宽财产性收入渠道，多措并举促进农民增收。健全养老、医疗等社会保障体系，提高城乡居民基础养老金水平。推动人口高质量发展，实施育儿补贴制度。

We will comprehensively advance the construction of a Beautiful China and promote harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “The construction of an ecological civilization is a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, a major political issue related to the Party’s mission and purpose, and a major social issue related to people’s livelihood and well-being.” Facing the severe situation of tightening resource constraints, serious environmental pollution, and degraded ecosystems, the Party Central Committee has deployed a sustained and deep battle against pollution, with an unprecedented intensity of pollution control, frequency of institutional introductions, and strictness of supervision and law enforcement. First, we fought the “three major battles” for blue skies, clear waters, and clean soil. Focusing on key areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surroundings, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Fenwei Plain, we implemented ultra-low emission transformations in key industries. We deeply promoted the protection and governance of major rivers like the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers and important lakes, and continuously advanced the comprehensive management of key sea areas. We carried out source prevention and control of soil pollution and strengthened the control of agricultural non-point source pollution. Second, we strengthened the construction of the ecological civilization system. We optimized the pattern of territorial space development and protection, and improved the system of functional zones. We continuously improved the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, and promoted reforms in carbon emission rights, energy use rights, water use rights, and pollution discharge rights. We revised and improved the Environmental Protection Law, the Environmental Protection Tax Law, and laws on the prevention and control of air and water pollution. Third, we promoted the formation of green and low-carbon production methods and lifestyles. We strengthened the total amount management and comprehensive conservation of resources, and vigorously promoted green and low-carbon transformation in industries such as industry, transportation, and construction. We advocated simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized, and healthy life concepts and consumption patterns, and actively expanded green consumption.

全面推进美丽中国建设，促进人与自然和谐共生。习近平总书记指出，“生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计，是关系党的使命宗旨的重大政治问题，是关系民生福祉的重大社会问题”。面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势，党中央部署持续深入打好污染防治攻坚战，污染治理力度之大、制度出台频度之密、监管执法尺度之严，前所未有。一是打好蓝天、碧水、净土“三大保卫战”。聚焦京津冀及周边、长三角、汾渭平原等重点区域，对重点行业实施超低排放改造。深入推进长江、黄河等大江大河和重要湖泊保护治理，持续推进重点海域综合治理。开展土壤污染源头防控，强化农业面源污染治理。二是加强生态文明制度建设。优化国土空间开发保护格局，健全主体功能区制度。持续完善生态产品价值实现机制，推动碳排放权、用能权、用水权、排污权等改革。修订完善环境保护法、环境保护税法以及大气、水污染防治法等法律。三是推动形成绿色低碳生产生活方式。加强资源总量管理和全面节约，大力推动工业、交通、建筑等领域绿色低碳转型。倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活理念和消费方式，积极扩大绿色消费。

Striving for “solid” results

务求“实”的成效

Acting with deeds is a fine tradition and distinctive character of Communists. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized, “As long as we adhere to achieving prosperity through hard work and benefiting the people through hard work, we will surely be able to turn the grand blueprint of comprehensively building a modern socialist country into reality step by step.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to taking one step at a time and accumulating small victories into big ones, continuously strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over economic work, transforming every task into tangible development results, and continuously enhancing the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security.

用行动说话，是共产党人的优良传统和鲜明品格。习近平总书记强调，“只要我们坚持实干兴邦、实干惠民，就一定能够把全面建设社会主义现代化国家的宏伟蓝图一步步变成现实”。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持一步一个脚印、积小胜为大胜，不断加强党对经济工作全面领导，把每一项任务都转化为实实在在的发展成效，持续提高人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。

Adhering to seeking truth from facts and opposing formalism and bureaucracy. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized, “In handling any work or doing anything for the people, we must seek truth from facts.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, all localities and departments have adhered to seeking truth from facts and resolutely implemented the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee into promoting regional development and departmental work. First, we must fully, accurately, and comprehensively understand the strategic intent of the Party Central Committee’s major decisions. We must consciously use the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions to unify our thinking, will, and action, ensuring no distortion or deviation, and not misreading the good scriptures. Second, we must combine a problem-oriented approach with a goal-oriented approach. We must vigorously promote the practice of investigation and research, reasonably determine development goals, proceed from reality and target problems, improve the pertinence and operability of policies, and pursue effective, high-quality, and sustainable economic development. Third, we must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy. We must resolutely avoid the love of doing grandiose things, especially constructing “face projects” and “image projects” that are divorced from reality and the masses, and effectively solve the prominent problems that the people are anxious and eager to resolve.

坚持求真务实，反对形式主义官僚主义。习近平总书记强调，“抓任何工作，给群众办任何事情，都要实事求是”。党的十八大以来，各地方各部门坚持求真务实，坚决把党中央重大决策部署贯彻到促进地区发展、部门工作中。一是完整准确全面理解党中央重大决策的战略意图。自觉用习近平总书记重要指示精神统一思想、统一意志、统一行动，确保不变形走样、不把好经念歪。二是坚持问题导向和目标导向相结合。大兴调查研究之风，合理确定发展目标，从实际出发、奔着问题去，提高政策针对性和可操作性，追求有效益、有质量、可持续的经济发展。三是坚持以人民为中心的发展思想。坚决避免好大喜功，特别是搞脱离实际、脱离群众的“面子工程”“形象工程”，切实解决人民群众急难愁盼的突出问题。

Adhering to adapting measures to local conditions and preventing a rush to act. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized, “Acting according to laws and rules is a principle that Party members and cadres must adhere to,” and “Conditions vary greatly from place to place; in implementing tasks, we must seek truth from facts and adapt measures to local conditions, ‘using one key to open one lock’.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have given full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better played the role of the government, strengthening comprehensive coordination and classified policies, and promoting the formation of a joint force for high-quality development across regions. First, we will deeply advance the construction of a unified national market. We will effectively implement the requirements of “five unifications and one opening,” unifying basic market systems, market infrastructure, government behavior standards, market supervision and law enforcement, and factor resource markets, and continuously expand opening up both internally and externally. Second, we will optimize the layout of major productive forces. We will adhere to a national chessboard approach, strengthen overall planning, strengthen capacity governance in key areas, and promote the orderly exit of backward production capacity. Third, we will leverage the comparative advantages of various regions and optimize the regional economic structure. We will implement major regional strategies, regional coordinated development strategies, and functional zone strategies. We will support major economic provinces to take the lead, cultivating growth poles and power sources for high-quality development. We will encourage other regions to leverage their local advantages and resource endowment conditions to play to their respective strengths, better integrating into the new pattern of development and achieving high-quality development.

坚持因地制宜，防止一哄而上。习近平总书记强调，“按规律办事、按规矩做事，是党员干部必须坚守的原则”，“各地情况千差万别，抓落实务必实事求是、因地制宜，‘一把钥匙开一把锁’”。党的十八大以来，我们充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，加强综合协调、分类施策，推动各地形成高质量发展合力。一是纵深推进全国统一大市场建设。切实落实“五统一、一开放”要求，统一市场基础制度、统一市场基础设施、统一政府行为尺度、统一市场监管执法、统一要素资源市场，持续扩大对内对外开放。二是优化重大生产力布局。坚持全国一盘棋，加强统筹规划，加强重点领域产能治理，推动落后产能有序退出。三是发挥各地比较优势、优化区域经济格局。实施好区域重大战略、区域协调发展战略、主体功能区战略。支持经济大省挑大梁，培育高质量发展的增长极和动力源。鼓励其他地区立足本地优势和资源禀赋条件各展所长，更好融入新发展格局、实现高质量发展。

Persist in tracking and evaluating results, and prevent making a show of superficial achievements. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed, “We must establish and improve a working mechanism with clear responsibilities, a complete chain, and interlocking links, strengthen tracking and evaluation, and ensure that reform measures are implemented in detail and to the fullest.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have continuously improved the systems and mechanisms for urging implementation, carried forward the spirit of driving in nails [2]2 “Driving in nails” (钉钉子精神) is a metaphor used by Xi Jinping to describe the need for persistent, focused effort to ensure that policies and reforms are implemented thoroughly and effectively, one step at a time., and ensured that all major strategies and decisions achieve tangible results. First, we have clarified the requirements for implementation. In accordance with the requirements of implementing without compromise, implementing with swift and resolute action, implementing with a realistic and pragmatic approach, and implementing with the courage to act and achieve, we ensure that work results align with the decision-making intent of the Party Central Committee. Second, we have improved the performance evaluation system for leading cadres that promotes high-quality development. The Party Central Committee revised the “Regulations on the Selection and Appointment of Party and Government Leading Cadres,” incorporating the implementation of the new development philosophy and the promotion of high-quality development into the assessment content, resolutely breaking the tendency of “only relying on votes, only on scores, only on GDP, and only on age,” and fully mobilizing the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of cadres at all levels in promoting high-quality development. Third, we have strengthened supervision and inspection. We have established a systematic, normalized, and targeted supervision mechanism, carrying out special inspections for key tasks such as ecological and environmental protection and the fight against poverty, avoiding the phenomenon of “hot at the top, cold at the bottom” and deviations in implementation, while also focusing on reducing the total volume of inspections to effectively lighten the burden on grassroots units.

坚持跟踪问效，防止做表面文章。习近平总书记强调指出，“要建立健全责任明晰、链条完整、环环相扣的工作机制，强化跟踪问效，推动改革举措落实落细落到位”。党的十八大以来，我们不断健全督促落实体制机制，发扬钉钉子精神，确保各项重大战略和决策部署取得实效。一是明确抓落实的要求。按照不折不扣抓落实、雷厉风行抓落实、求真务实抓落实、敢作善为抓落实的要求，确保工作效果符合党中央决策意图。二是完善推动高质量发展的干部政绩考核评价体系。党中央修订《党政领导干部选拔任用工作条例》，将贯彻新发展理念、推动高质量发展等纳入考核内容，坚决破除“唯票、唯分、唯GDP、唯年龄”倾向，充分调动各级干部推动高质量发展的积极性主动性创造性。三是加强督促检查。建立系统化、常态化、精准化的督查机制，针对生态环境保护、脱贫攻坚等重点任务开展专项督查，避免落实中“上热下冷”、跑偏走样，同时注重精减总量，切实为基层减负。

Persist in keeping pace with the times, and prevent clinging to outdated views as if marking a boat to find a lost sword [3]3 “Marking a boat to find a lost sword” (刻舟求剑) is a classical Chinese idiom from the Lüshi Chunqiu, referring to a man who dropped his sword from a boat and carved a mark on the boat’s side to find it later, ignoring that the boat had moved. It is used to criticize rigid, dogmatic thinking that fails to adapt to changing circumstances.. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed, “We must place innovation in a prominent position in the overall national development, conform to the development requirements of the times, focus on solving major theoretical and practical problems, and actively recognize change, respond to change, and seek change.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, we have organically combined the principle of strategy with the flexibility of tactics, acting flexibly and nimbly, adapting to circumstances, and making timely decisions, thereby seizing strategic initiative by adapting to trends and following the current. First, we have adhered to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. In accordance with the requirements that the general direction be stable, the policies and guidelines be stable, and the strategic deployments be stable, we actively forge ahead on the basis of securing the foundation and stabilizing the position, promoting the steady and long-term development of the reform and opening-up cause. Second, we have upheld fundamental principles and broken new ground. We have always adhered to the Four Cardinal Principles [4]4 The Four Cardinal Principles (四项基本原则) are the four fundamental principles upheld by the CPC: adherence to the socialist path, the people’s democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the CPC, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought., strengthened confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics (the Four Confidences), and persisted in integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture, vigorously promoting theoretical, practical, institutional, cultural, and other innovations. Third, we have dared to take responsibility and been adept at taking action. We dare to do things that our predecessors have not done, dare to say things that our predecessors have not said, further deepen reform comprehensively, and comprehensively advance the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

坚持与时俱进，防止刻舟求剑。习近平总书记强调指出，“要把创新摆在国家发展全局的突出位置，顺应时代发展要求，着眼于解决重大理论和实践问题，积极识变应变求变”。党的十八大以来，我们把战略的原则性和策略的灵活性有机结合起来，灵活机动、随机应变、临机决断，在因势而动、顺势而为中把握战略主动。一是坚持稳中求进总基调。按照大方向要稳、方针政策要稳、战略部署要稳的要求，在守住根基、稳住阵脚的基础上积极进取，推动改革发展事业行稳致远。二是守正创新。始终坚持四项基本原则、坚定“四个自信”，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，大力推进理论创新、实践创新、制度创新、文化创新以及其他各方面创新。三是敢于担当、善于作为。敢于干前人没有干过的事情，敢于说前人没有说过的话，进一步全面深化改革，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业。

(The author is the Deputy Director in charge of daily operations of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission and the Director of the Central Rural Work Leading Group.)

（作者系中央财办分管日常工作的副主任、中央农办主任）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心