Deeply Understanding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Discourse on Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

A community with a shared future for mankind is a very significant theoretical and practical issue, fully demonstrating the Communist Party of China’s world-oriented pattern of embracing the world with a broad mind and its humanistic sentiment of seeking progress for humanity and common prosperity for the world. In 2013, President Xi Jinping pointed out in a speech at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations: “In this world, the degree of interconnection and interdependence among countries is unprecedentedly deep. Mankind lives in the same global village, in the same time and space where history and reality intersect, and is increasingly becoming a community with a shared future in which each has a stake in the other.” As practice has deepened, the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind has gradually been enriched and has transformed from theory into concrete action, producing broad and far-reaching international influence, and becoming an important symbol of China leading the trend of the times and the progress of human civilization. At present, changes in the world, changes in the times, and changes in history are unfolding in ways unseen before, and mankind faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Standing at the intersection of history, we must deeply understand the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, accurately grasp its core essence, and promote the transformation of this concept into extensive practice.

人类命运共同体是一个非常重大的理论和实践问题，充分彰显了中国共产党胸怀天下的世界格局和为人类谋进步、为世界谋大同的人类情怀。2013年，习近平主席在莫斯科国际关系学院发表演讲时指出：“这个世界，各国相互联系、相互依存的程度空前加深，人类生活在同一个地球村里，生活在历史和现实交汇的同一个时空里，越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。”随着实践的不断深化，人类命运共同体理念逐渐丰富，并从理论转化为实际行动，产生了广泛且深远的国际影响，成为中国引领时代潮流和人类文明进步的重要标识。当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开，人类面临着空前的挑战与机遇。站在历史的交汇点，我们必须深入理解人类命运共同体理念，准确把握其核心要义，推动这一理念向广泛实践转化。

The Historical Initiative of Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

构建人类命运共同体的历史主动

The concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind is the Communist Party of China’s theoretical and practical consciousness, facing reality directly, of the objective laws and inevitable trends of human social development. It is a strategic choice that summarizes China’s historical experience and aims at development goals.

构建人类命运共同体理念是中国共产党直面现实，对人类社会发展客观规律和必然趋势的理论自觉和实践自觉，是总结我国历史经验、瞄准发展目标的战略选择。

A community with a shared future for mankind is a basic fact in the evolution of world history. Mankind has only one Earth, and all countries share one world; the Earth is the common home of humanity. Changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and the world once again stands at a historical crossroads. What direction will the future world take? Will it choose peace or war? Pursue development or decline? Promote openness or move toward closure? Strengthen cooperation or intensify confrontation? The answers to these questions concern the interests of all countries and the future destiny of mankind. Mankind is a community with a shared future. When facing common challenges, neither individuals nor countries can stand aloof; only solidarity, cooperation, and harmonious coexistence are the way out. All countries should join hands to meet challenges, carry out global cooperation, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

人类命运共同体是世界历史演进中的一个基本事实。人类只有一个地球，各国共处一个世界，地球是人类的共同家园。世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，世界又一次站在历史的十字路口。未来的世界将走向何方？是选择和平还是战争？是追求发展还是衰退？是推动开放还是走向封闭？是加强合作还是加剧对抗？这些问题的答案关系到各国利益和人类的未来命运。人类是一个命运共同体，在面对共同挑战时，无论是个人还是国家都无法独善其身，唯有团结协作、和谐共生才是出路。各国应携手应对挑战，开展全球合作，推动构建人类命运共同体。

The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind emphasizes that the future and destiny of every nation and country are closely linked; they must share weal and woe, honor and disgrace, and strive to build the planet we all live on into a harmonious family, making the pursuit of a better life by the people of all countries a reality. Promoting the realization of this concept does not mean replacing a certain system or civilization, but rather enabling countries with different social systems, ideologies, historical and cultural backgrounds, and levels of development to achieve shared interests, shared rights, and shared responsibilities in international affairs, thereby reaching the greatest consensus on building a better world. This initiative has been written into United Nations documents many times, is transforming from concept into action, and is producing increasingly broad and far-reaching international influence, becoming an important symbol of China leading the trend of the times and the progress of civilization.

人类命运共同体理念强调每个民族和国家的前途与命运息息相关，必须风雨同舟、荣辱与共，努力将我们共同生存的星球建设成一个和谐的大家庭，推动各国人民对美好生活的追求成为现实。推动这一理念的实现，并不是取代某种制度或文明，而是促使不同社会制度、意识形态、历史文化和发展水平的国家在国际事务中实现利益共生、权利共享、责任共担，从而达成建设美好世界的最大共识。这一倡议已经多次写入联合国文件，正从理念转化为行动，产生着日益广泛而深远的国际影响，成为中国引领时代潮流与文明进步的重要标识。

The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind is a historical consciousness that grasps the trend of the times. Since modern times, with the development of capitalism, the transformation from national history to world history has become an irresistible historical trend. Marx and Engels pointed out: “The more the original isolation of the separate nationalities is destroyed by the developed mode of production and intercourse and the division

人类命运共同体理念是把握时代发展趋势的历史自觉。近代以来，随着资本主义发展，民族史向世界史的转变已经成为一种不可抗拒的历史潮流。马克思、恩格斯指出：“各民族的原始封闭状态由于日益完善的生产方式、交往以及因交往而自然形成的不同民族之间的分工消灭得越是彻底，历史也就越是成为世界历史。”历史与现实日益验证了这一预言的科学性。如今，全球化进程比以往任何时候都更加深入和广泛，各国之间的相互联系与依存程度也比以往更为频繁和紧密。但世界发展的不确定性不稳定性明显增加，全球发展深层次矛盾突出，恃强凌弱、巧取豪夺、零和博弈等霸权霸道霸凌行径危害深重，“和平赤字、发展赤字、治理赤字，是摆在全人类面前的严峻挑战”。譬如，面对中国的快速发展，西方国家以陈旧的逻辑观察、理解中国，一些西方学者和政要叫嚣“中国威胁论”，企图通过各种手段遏制中国的发展；面对全球南方的逐渐壮大，美西方打着“民主”“人权”的旗号，行干涉他国内政之实，在国际事务中搞双重标准，不断分化全球南方，等等。这些行径不符合时代发展趋势，违背人类社会共同进步的愿望。习近平总书记深刻指出，在当今世界，殖民主义和霸权主义的老路已不再可行，唯有和平发展道路才能通向未来。站在历史的十字路口，“没有哪个国家能够独自应对人类面临的各种挑战，也没有哪个国家能够退回到自我封闭的孤岛”。人类只有和衷共济、和合共生这一条出路。概言之，“人类是一个一荣俱荣、一损俱损的命运共同体”，构建人类命运共同体是世界各国人民前途所在，是应对人类共同挑战、建设更加繁荣美好世界的人间正道。

Building a community with a shared future for mankind embodies the world outlook, historical outlook, and value outlook of Chinese Communists, conforms to the universal expectations of people across the globe, guides the direction of the development of world civilization, and is an essential requirement of Chinese-path modernization. This scientific concept and strategy points out the direction and path for mankind to achieve common development, sustained prosperity, and lasting peace and stability; it draws a beautiful blueprint for the modern world to transcend Cold War thinking, explore new models of dialogue and cooperation, jointly seek a new future of peaceful development, and realize the common values of all mankind. A community with a shared future for mankind is both a profound understanding of the actual state of human society and a scientific grasp of the future destiny of mankind, pointing out the direction of human development in the dialectical unity of ideal and reality, subjectivity and objectivity.

构建人类命运共同体体现了中国共产党人的世界观、历史观和价值观，符合全球人民的普遍期望，指引了世界文明发展的方向，且是中国式现代化的本质要求。这一科学理念和战略为人类实现共同发展、持续繁荣、长治久安指明了方向和路径，为现代世界超越冷战思维、探索对话合作新模式、共谋和平发展新未来、实现全人类共同价值擘画了美好蓝图。人类命运共同体既是对人类社会现实状况的深刻认识，也是对人类未来命运的科学把握，在理想与现实、主观与客观的辩证统一中指明了人类发展方向。

Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind is the responsibility of the times in responding to the questions of the world. Taking the path of peaceful development is an inevitable conclusion drawn by the Chinese people from their suffering and hardships since modern times. After the founding of New China, we have always held high the banner of peace, proposed and adhered to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, established and pursued an independent foreign policy of peace, solemnly pledged to the world that China will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion, and always firmly safeguarded world peace. Through unremitting struggle, we have embarked on a path of Chinese-path modernization. This path has not involved external aggression or expansion, nor the export of ideology, nor the building of one’s own development on the basis of sacrificing the interests of other countries. Instead, it integrates one’s own development with the development of other countries and contributes to world development through one’s own development. For example, through the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, China has carried out extensive infrastructure construction cooperation with partner countries, creating a large number of local jobs and promoting economic development and improvement of people’s livelihoods in various countries; China has historically solved the problem of absolute poverty, making important contributions to the global cause of poverty reduction and providing valuable experience. At the same time, China has deepened and expanded equal, open, and cooperative global partnerships, expanded the convergence of interests with various countries, continuously improved an all-round, multi-tiered, and three-dimensional diplomatic layout, and built a broad “circle of friends” covering the globe. In the process of jointly seeking peace and development with “others,” China’s international discourse power and international influence have been continuously enhanced. History has repeatedly proven that peaceful development and mutually beneficial cooperation are beneficial to China and to the world.

推进构建人类命运共同体是应答世界之问的时代担当。走和平发展道路是中国人民从近代以后苦难遭遇中得出的必然结论。新中国成立后，我们始终高举和平旗帜，提出并坚持和平共处五项原则，确立并奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，向世界郑重承诺中国永远不称霸、永远不搞扩张，始终坚定维护世界和平。经过不懈奋斗，我们走出了一条中国式现代化道路，这条道路没有对外侵略扩张，没有意识形态输出，没有将自身的发展建立在牺牲他国利益基础之上，而是将自身的发展与他国的发展结合起来，以自身的发展为世界发展作贡献。譬如，通过共建“一带一路”倡议，中国与共建国家开展广泛的基础设施建设合作，为当地创造大量就业岗位，推动各国经济发展与民生改善；中国历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，为全球减贫事业作出了重要贡献，提供了宝贵经验。同时，中国深化和拓展了平等、开放、合作的全球伙伴关系，扩大了与各国利益的交汇点，持续完善全方位、多层次、立体化的外交布局，打造了覆盖全球的广泛“朋友圈”。在与“他者”共谋和平、共谋发展中，中国国际话语权、国际影响力不断提升。历史不断证明，和平发展、互利合作对中国有利、对世界有利。

In the new historical period, our Party has put forward the grand mission of comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. To realize this great mission, a peaceful and stable international environment is an indispensable condition. Peace is the cornerstone of development; without a peaceful international environment, both China’s own development and the overall progress of the world will encounter numerous obstacles. Development is the guarantee of peace; without development, conflicts and contradictions between countries will be difficult to effectively resolve, and the world will find it hard to achieve lasting peace. China unswervingly follows the path of peaceful development and actively advocates that all countries in the world join hands and move forward together, jointly choosing the path of peaceful development.

在新的历史时期，我们党提出以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟使命。实现这一伟大使命，和平稳定的国际环境是不可或缺的条件。和平是发展的基石，没有和平的国际环境，无论是中国自身的发展，还是世界整体的进步，都将遭遇重重阻碍；发展是和平的保障，缺乏发展，国与国之间的矛盾与冲突便难以有效化解，世界也难以实现持久和平。中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，并积极倡导世界各国携手共进，共同选择和平发展之路。

The ideological foundation for building a community with a shared future for mankind

构建人类命运共同体的思想基础

A community with a shared future for mankind is the inheritance and development of Marx’s thought on community, deeply rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese culture, such as “a world of great harmony” and “harmonizing all nations.” It is a major innovative achievement of the Communist Party of China’s diplomatic and international strategic thought, possessing a solid ideological and cultural foundation and manifesting a profound historical weight.

人类命运共同体是对马克思共同体思想的继承与发展，深植于“天下大同”“协和万邦”等中华文化的深厚土壤，是中国共产党外交与国际战略思想的重大创新成果，具有坚实的思想文化基础，彰显着历史厚重感。

Marx’s thought on community is an important ideological source of a community with a shared future for mankind. In Marx’s vision, “man is not an abstract being, squatting outside the world. Man is the world of man, the state, society,” and man “only in community [does] each individual have the means of cultivating his gifts in all directions; hence personal freedom becomes possible only within the community.” Grasping the historical laws of human societal development, Marx and Engels pointed out that human society has undergone development from lower to higher stages, that is, from naturally formed communities centered on blood ties to “illusory communities” centered on interests, and, oriented toward realizing the essence of man, proposed the construction of a true community that transcends narrow views of nationality and state. In primitive communal societies, individual interests and collective interests were highly unified, but this was a commonality that ignored individuality; in the community of the capitalist state, individuality was given free rein, but the individuality of some was built on the foundation of the complete lack of individuality of others. The “abstract community” or “illusory community” did not truly achieve the unity of individuality and commonality. Only in a true community can commonality based on respect for individuality be realized, the contradiction between individuality and commonality be reconciled, and the alienation of man be ultimately sublated. The tortuous nature of human societal development indicates that reaching the highest realm of a true community cannot be achieved overnight. In this process, the superiority of socialism, such as sharing, harmony, and inclusiveness, must be brought into play, with proactive action to promote the overall progress and development of human society. The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind is an innovative contemporary interpretation of Marx’s thought on community, providing new value guidelines for the transformation of the global governance system.

马克思共同体思想是人类命运共同体的重要思想来源。在马克思的视野里，“人不是抽象的蛰居于世界之外的存在物。人就是人的世界，就是国家，社会”，人“只有在共同体中，个人才能获得全面发展其才能的手段，也就是说，只有在共同体中才可能有个人自由”。马克思、恩格斯把握人类社会发展的历史规律，指出人类社会经历了从低级到高级的发展，即从以血缘为核心的自然形成的共同体到以利益为核心的“虚幻共同体”，并面向实现人的本质，提出要构建超越狭隘的民族观、国家观的真正的共同体。在原始社会的共同体中，个人利益与集体利益是高度统一的，但这是忽略了个性的共性；在资本主义国家共同体中，个性得到了张扬，但是部分人的个性建立在另外一部分人完全没有个性的基础之上，“抽象共同体”抑或“虚幻共同体”并没有真正实现个性和共性的统一。只有在真正的共同体中，才能实现尊重个性基础上的共性，个性和共性的矛盾才得以和解，人的异化才能最终被扬弃。人类社会发展的曲折性，表明迈向最高境界的真正共同体不是一蹴而就的，在这一过程中，必须发挥社会主义的共享、和谐、包容等优越性，主动作为，推动人类社会整体向前进步和发展。人类命运共同体理念是马克思共同体思想在当代的创新性诠释，为全球治理体系变革提供了新的价值遵循。

The rich intellectual wisdom contained in fine traditional Chinese culture is the profound cultural nourishment for the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind. Chinese civilization possesses a prominent peacefulness. Over more than five thousand years of civilization, the Chinese nation has consistently adhered to and passed on the core concepts of peace, amity, and harmony. “There is no gene in the blood of the Chinese nation for invading others or seeking hegemony.” China not only strives to build a harmonious and orderly society for itself but also actively promotes peaceful coexistence and cooperative development among nations with the concept of “harmonizing all nations.” Chinese civilization also possesses a prominent inclusiveness. Ancient China’s pursuit of the true state of cosmic harmony itself acknowledged the commonality within difference. Confucianism holds that “all things are nurtured together without harming one another, and the ways of the universe proceed in parallel without conflict”; Daoism holds that “being and non-being give rise to each other, difficult and easy complement each other, long and short shape each other, high and low incline toward each other, front and back follow each other.” These thoughts, on the basis of acknowledging difference and respecting diversity, pursue a realm of harmonious coexistence, not the pursuit of undifferentiated unity, but unity in opposition. Traditional Chinese culture does not have a narrow view of the state; it advocates that governing the world with benevolence and righteousness will earn the respect of all nations, does not reject the differences and particularities of various ethnic groups and regions, and, in the sense of ultimate ideals, pursues the realization of a world of great harmony, that is, the world becomes one family, a community sharing weal and woe. The intellectual wisdom contained in fine traditional Chinese culture, such as the unity of heaven and man, establishing oneself to establish others, the unity of righteousness and benefit, being kind to neighbors, valuing trust and harmony, harmonizing all nations, and a world of great harmony, has become the philosophy of life for the Chinese nation and is the profound cultural source for contemporary Chinese Communists to propose the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.

中华优秀传统文化蕴含的丰富思想智慧是人类命运共同体理念的深厚文化滋养。中华文明具有突出的和平性。在五千多年的文明历程中，中华民族始终坚持并传承着和平、和睦、和谐的核心理念。“中华民族的血液中没有侵略他人、称王称霸的基因。”中国不仅自己致力于建立一个和谐有序的社会，而且以“协和万邦”的理念积极推动国际间的和平共处与合作发展。中华文明还具有突出的包容性。古代中国对宇宙和谐本真状态的追寻本身就承认不同之中的共同。儒家认为，万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖；道家认为，有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相倾，前后相随。这些思想都是在承认差异、尊重多元的基础上，追求一种和谐共生的境界，不是追求无差别的统一，而是在对立中的统一。中国传统文化中没有狭隘的国家观，主张用仁爱、道义施行天下，则能得到四方各国的尊重，不排斥各民族、各地域的差异性和特殊性，并且在终极理想的意义上，追求实现天下大同，即天下化为一家，成为命运休戚与共的共同体。中华优秀传统文化中蕴含的天人合一、立己达人、义利统一、亲仁善邻、讲信修睦、协和万邦、天下大同等思想智慧，成为中华民族的处世哲学，是当代中国共产党人提出人类命运共同体理念的深厚文化来源。

The diplomatic and international strategic thought of the Communist Party of China is the deep foundation of the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind. Since its founding, the CPC has insisted that China should demonstrate the attitude and responsibility of a responsible major country. During periods of China’s development difficulties and arduous exploration, Comrade Mao Zedong elucidated the CPC’s world responsibility. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: “China must not only take care of itself and live its own life but should also help other countries and nations and be of some benefit to the world. Like other countries, it must not only do things for itself but also make some contributions to the world.” Since the founding of New China, the CPC has actively promoted China’s integration into the world, proposing major ideas such as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, fully demonstrating China’s conscious responsibility as a responsible major country. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, the CPC with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as its main representative made the scientific judgment that “peace and development are the two major issues in the contemporary world,” promoting deeper exchanges and integration between China and the world, and continuously expanding the breadth and depth of diplomatic strategy. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “If China, with its one billion people, adheres to socialism and a policy of peace, then our path is correct, and we may make a relatively significant contribution to humanity.” The CPC with Comrade Jiang Zemin and Comrade Hu Jintao as their main representatives, centering on the theme of peace and development and combining new changes and characteristics in the world situation, put forward a series of diplomatic concepts and policy propositions that meet the needs of the times. This fully confirms the idea that “men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past.” In the New Era, Chinese Communists draw diplomatic wisdom and practical experience from the Party’s century-long struggle, combine it with the world pattern and development trends, and, from the strategic consideration of the future and destiny of humanity, with the responsibility and sense of mission of a major country, propose and continuously enrich the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind.

中国共产党的外交和国际战略思想是人类命运共同体理念的深厚根基。中国共产党自成立之日起，就坚持中国要展现负责任大国的态度与担当。在中国面临发展困境和艰辛探索的时期，毛泽东同志阐明了中国共产党的世界责任。毛泽东同志指出：“中国不仅要自己料理自己，自己过生活，还应该对别的国家和民族进行帮助，对世界有些益处。同别的国家一样，不仅要为自己而且还要对世界做些贡献。”新中国成立以来，中国共产党积极推动中国融入世界，提出和平共处五项原则等重大思想，充分展现中国负责任大国的自觉担当。党的十一届三中全会以来，以邓小平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人作出“和平与发展是当代世界的两大问题”的科学论断，推动中国和世界在更深层次上交流互融，不断拓展外交战略的广度与深度。邓小平同志指出：“十亿人的中国坚持社会主义，十亿人的中国坚持和平政策，做到这两条，我们的路就走对了，就可能对人类有比较大的贡献。”以江泽民同志、胡锦涛同志为主要代表的中国共产党人都围绕和平与发展主题，结合世界形势的新变化与新特征，提出一系列适应时代发展需求的外交理念与政策主张。这充分印证了“人们自己创造自己的历史，但是他们并不是随心所欲地创造，并不是在他们自己选定的条件下创造，而是在直接碰到的、既定的、从过去承继下来的条件下创造”的思想。新时代中国共产党人从党的百年奋斗历程中汲取外交智慧与实践经验，结合世界格局和发展态势，从人类前途命运的战略考量出发，以大国担当和使命意识提出并不断丰富构建人类命运共同体理念。

Strategic Choices for Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

构建人类命运共同体的战略选择

Building a community with a shared future for mankind is an important plan proposed by China to address global challenges and promote world peace and development, reflecting China’s wisdom and responsibility. Building a community with a shared future for mankind takes the construction of a new type of international relations as its strategic foundation, takes the coordinated advancement of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative as its institutional framework, and through the high-quality practice of the Belt and Road Initiative, deepens the transformation of the global governance paradigm of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, ultimately pointing toward the human societal development goals of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and a clean and beautiful environment, providing theoretical guidance and practical pathways for the construction of a new form of human civilization.

构建人类命运共同体，是中国为应对全球性挑战、推动世界和平与发展所提出的重要方案，体现了中国的智慧与担当。构建人类命运共同体，以新型国际关系构建为战略基点，以全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议协同推进为制度框架，通过共建“一带一路”倡议的高质量实践，深化共商共建共享的全球治理范式转型，最终指向持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的人类社会发展目标，为人类文明新形态的构建提供理论指导和实践路径。

Promoting the Construction of a New Type of Major-Country Relations. President Xi Jinping emphasizes: “There is no such thing as a superior country in the world, no universally applicable model of national governance, and no international order dictated by a single country.” Long-term world development cannot be built on the basis of one group of countries becoming increasingly wealthy while another group remains perpetually poor and backward. Therefore, all countries in the world should jointly promote the construction of a new type of major-country relations centered on win-win cooperation, adhere to modern international law norms based on sovereign equality, including equality of rights, equality of opportunities, and equality of rules, and fully respect the development paths and social system choices independently chosen by various forms of civilization. Any form of hegemonism and power politics should be resolutely resisted, and the remnants of colonial thinking based on double standards should be thoroughly abandoned. International fairness and justice should be safeguarded by improving the global governance system. Facing global risks and challenges, the international community needs to strengthen the awareness of a shared future, transform pressure into development momentum, turn crises into opportunities for change, and ultimately achieve a leap in the form of civilization from zero-sum game to symbiotic win-win.

推动构建新型大国关系。习近平主席强调：“世界上不存在高人一等的国家，不存在放之四海而皆准的国家治理模式，不存在由某个国家说了算的国际秩序。”世界长期发展不可能建立在一批国家越来越富裕而另一批国家却长期贫穷落后的基础之上。因此，世界各国应该共同推动构建以合作共赢为核心的新型大国关系，恪守基于主权平等的权利平等、机会平等、规则平等的现代国际法准则，充分尊重各文明形态自主选择的发展道路和社会制度安排。应坚决抵制任何形式的霸权主义和强权政治，彻底摒弃双重标准的殖民思维残余，通过完善全球治理体系维护国际公平正义。面对全球性风险挑战，国际社会需强化命运与共意识，将压力转化为发展动力，使危机演进为变革契机，最终实现从零和博弈向共生共赢的文明形态跃升。

Building a new type of major-country relations should take the avoidance of strategic conflict and confrontational gaming as its basic premise, uphold the norm of mutual respect in international interactions, deepen the cooperative paradigm of mutual benefit and win-win outcomes, take mutual trust as the cornerstone, solidify mutual strategic reliance, tighten the bonds of common interests, and consolidate the popular foundation for enduring friendship. It is necessary to deepen strategic coordination and constructive interaction among major countries, and actively advocate the construction of a new type of major-country relations based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence [11]11 “Five worlds” refers to the five aspects of the vision for building a community with a shared future for mankind: a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and cleanness and beauty., reflecting overall stability and balanced development. Taking the handling of Sino-US relations as an example, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Major-country competition should not be the backdrop of the times; solidarity and cooperation can overcome difficulties together” and “The stable development of Sino-US relations concerns not only the peoples of the two countries but also the future and destiny of humanity. China and the US must continue to explore the correct way for two major countries to get along, achieve long-term peaceful coexistence between the two countries on this planet, and inject more certainty and provide positive energy into the world.” “Decoupling and severing supply chains” [12] is essentially an attempt to respond to the contradictions of globalization with isolationist thinking; such measures that sever the international flow of productive factors can hardly constitute a fundamental solution. Only by deepening mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation on the basis of following the laws of large-scale socialized production can the inherent contradictions of the capitalist world system be broken through, promoting the overall leap of human civilization. The “small yard, high fence” [13] strategy runs counter to the historical responsibility of a responsible major country; its essence is a mindset of technological monopoly dominated by the logic of capital. Only by upholding the civilizational view of “appreciating the beauty of each and the beauty of all” [14] and building an open and inclusive global development pattern can the universal sharing of the fruits of civilization be truly realized. All countries in the world should work together to handle complex international relations and blaze a civilized path of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win outcomes.

构建新型大国关系，应以规避战略冲突与对抗性博弈为基本前提，秉持相互尊重的国际交往准则，深化互利共赢的合作范式，以互信为基石，筑牢彼此战略依托，拉紧共同利益纽带，夯实世代友好的民意基础。深化大国间的战略协调与建设性互动，积极倡导构建以和平共处五项原则为基础、体现总体稳定性和发展均衡性的新型大国关系。以处理好中美关系为例，习近平总书记指出：“大国竞争不应是时代底色，团结协作才能共克时艰”“中美关系稳定发展既关乎两国人民，也关乎人类前途命运。中美要继续探寻两个大国正确相处之道，实现中美两国在这个星球上长期和平共存，多为世界注入确定性、提供正能量”。“脱钩断链”本质上是以孤立主义思维应对全球化矛盾，这种割裂生产要素国际流动的举措，难以构成根本性解决方案。只有在遵循社会化大生产规律基础上深化互利共赢的协同合作，才能突破资本主义世界体系的内在矛盾，推动人类文明的整体性跃升。“小院高墙”策略有悖于负责任大国的历史担当，其本质是资本逻辑主导下的技术垄断思维。唯有秉持“各美其美、美美与共”的文明观，构建开放包容的全球发展格局，方能真正实现文明成果的普惠共享。世界各国应共同努力，处理好复杂的国际关系，开辟出一条和平、发展、合作、共赢的文明大道。

Promote the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative. To solve global development problems, address international security challenges, and promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, China has put forward the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative. At the economic development dimension, it advocates a new type of globalization model of cooperation and win-win outcomes; in the field of security governance, it establishes norms of international relations based on dialogue and consultation; at the level of civilizational interaction, it establishes a paradigm of civilizational outlook characterized by pluralistic coexistence. The three major initiatives systematically construct a network of international consensus and an action framework, substantially advancing the transformation of a community with a shared future for mankind from conceptual construction to institutional practice, injecting strong momentum into exploring a new form of human civilization in the 21st century.

推动落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议和全球文明倡议。为破解全球发展难题、应对国际安全挑战、促进文明交流互鉴，中国提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议和全球文明倡议，在经济发展维度倡导合作共赢的新型全球化模式，在安全治理领域构建对话协商的国际关系准则，在文明交往层面确立多元共生的文明观范式。三大倡议系统构建了国际共识网络与行动框架，实质性地推进了人类命运共同体从理念建构向制度实践的转化，为探索21世纪人类文明新形态注入了强劲动能。

On the one hand, the Global Development Initiative accelerates the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, promotes stronger, greener, and healthier global development, cultivates new drivers of global development, builds a global community of development, and advocates adhering to development as a priority, adhering to a people-centered approach, adhering to inclusiveness and mutual benefit, adhering to innovation-driven development, adhering to harmony between humanity and nature, and adhering to an action-oriented approach, jointly creating and sharing a peaceful, prosperous, and beautiful future. On the other hand, it promotes shaping a favorable development environment, boosting development partnerships, advancing the process of economic globalization, promoting the deep integration of science and technology with the economy, maintaining the stability of global industrial and supply chains, achieving world economic recovery, promoting balanced, coordinated, and inclusive global development, and better benefiting the people of all countries with the fruits of development.

全球发展倡议的提出一方面加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，推动实现更加强劲、绿色、健康的全球发展，培育全球发展新动能，构建全球发展共同体，倡导坚持发展优先，坚持以人民为中心，坚持普惠包容，坚持创新驱动，坚持人与自然和谐共生，坚持行动导向，共创共享和平繁荣美好未来；另一方面推动塑造有利发展环境，提振发展伙伴关系，推动经济全球化进程，推动科技同经济深度融合，维护全球产业链供应链稳定，实现世界经济复苏，促进全球平衡、协调、包容发展，让发展成果更好惠及各国人民。

The Global Security Initiative aims to eliminate the root causes of international conflicts, improve global security governance, and encourage the international community to join hands to inject more stability and certainty into an era of turbulence and change, achieving lasting world peace and development. The Global Security Initiative advocates building a new security concept system characterized by common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, emphasizing the principle of sovereign equality and the indivisibility of the purposes of the UN Charter, establishing norms of international interaction based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, striving to safeguard the legitimate security rights and core interests of all countries, coordinating the governance of traditional and non-traditional security, and exploring paradigms for dispute resolution under multilateral consultation mechanisms. China has always upheld the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, actively participating in the reconstruction of the international security rules system, deepening the reform of global security governance mechanisms, and advancing the practice of new multilateral security cooperation, effectively promoting the transformation of security initiatives into institutional achievements, providing theoretical innovation based on the governance experience of a socialist major country to solve the global security dilemma—under the premise of adhering to an independent foreign policy of peace, creating a new security path where dialogue and consultation replace confrontation and conflict, partnerships transcend military alliances, and mutual benefit and win-win outcomes replace zero-sum games.

全球安全倡议旨在消弭国际冲突根源、完善全球安全治理，推动国际社会携手为动荡变化的时代注入更多稳定性和确定性，实现世界持久和平与发展。全球安全倡议倡导构建以共同、综合、合作、可持续为特征的新型安全观体系，强调主权平等原则与联合国宪章宗旨的不可分割性，确立以和平共处五项原则为基础的国际交往准则，着力维护各国正当安全权益与核心利益关切，统筹传统安全与非传统安全治理，探索多边协商机制下的争端解决范式。中国始终秉持人类命运共同体理念，积极参与国际安全规则体系重构、深化全球安全治理机制改革、推进新型多边安全合作实践，有效推动安全倡议向制度性成果转化，为破解全球安全困境提供了基于社会主义大国治理经验的理论创新——在坚持独立自主的和平外交政策前提下，开创对话协商取代对抗冲突、伙伴关系超越军事同盟、互利共赢替代零和博弈的新型安全路径。

The Global Civilization Initiative clarifies that we are willing to work with the international community to create a new situation of people-to-people exchanges, cultural integration, and mutual understanding among countries around the world, making the garden of world civilizations colorful and vibrant. The Global Civilization Initiative systematically constructs a new paradigm of civilizational interaction, based on the pattern of pluralistic coexistence of world civilizations, advocating the principle of equality and mutual learning to transcend the hierarchy of civilizations, using dialogue and inclusive mechanisms to dissolve the clash of civilizations, and constructing dialectically unified interactive relations among different civilizational subjects. At the value dimension, it emphasizes the historical generativity of the common values of all humanity, adheres to the path of value dialogue seeking common ground while reserving differences, rejects the coercive export of values and institutional models, and opposes metaphysical ideological confrontation. In civilizational inheritance, it applies the principle of dialectical negation to guide the modern transformation of traditional cultures, promoting the practical transformation and innovative development of the outstanding cultural heritage of various ethnic groups in the context of modernization. It advocates building multi-dimensional mechanisms for people-to-people and cultural exchanges, promoting deep mutual learning among civilizations, and opening up a path of historical resultant force development for the evolution of the form of human civilization.

全球文明倡议阐明了我们愿同国际社会一道，努力开创世界各国人文交流、文化交融、民心相通新局面，让世界文明百花园姹紫嫣红、生机盎然。全球文明倡议系统构建了新型文明交往范式，立足于世界文明多元共生格局，主张以平等互鉴原则超越文明等级论，通过对话包容机制消解文明冲突论，构建起不同文明主体间辩证统一的交往关系。在价值维度上，强调全人类共同价值的历史生成性，坚持求同存异的价值对话路径，摒弃价值观和制度模式的强制性输出，反对形而上学式的意识形态对抗。在文明传承上，运用辩证否定原理指导传统文化现代转型，推动各民族优秀文化遗产在现代化语境中实现实践性转化与创新性发展。倡导构建多维度人文交流机制，促进文明交流深层互鉴，为人类文明形态的演进开辟历史合力发展路径。

Build the practice platform of jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative. The Belt and Road Initiative aims to help developing countries achieve common development and promote the evolution of the international order in a more just and reasonable direction. The Belt and Road Initiative conforms to the orientation of fairness and justice in the reform of the global governance system, meets the inherent needs of reforming the global governance system, and responds to the demands of the times and the desire of all countries for accelerated development. From laying the foundation, setting up the framework, to taking root and achieving sustained development, it has continuously won recognition from more countries, and “the Belt and Road Initiative has become a popular international public good and international cooperation platform.”

打造共建“一带一路”实践平台。共建“一带一路”倡议旨在助力发展中国家共同发展，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向演进。共建“一带一路”倡议符合全球治理体系变革的公平正义取向，契合全球治理体系改革的内在需求，顺应了时代要求和各国加快发展的愿望。从夯基垒台、立柱架梁到落地生根、持久发展，不断赢得更多的国家认可，“共建‘一带一路’成为深受欢迎的国际公共产品和国际合作平台”。

The Belt and Road Initiative is an economic cooperation initiative, not aimed at building a geopolitical alliance or military bloc, targeting no one and excluding no one; it is an open and inclusive process, not about closing the door to form a small circle or a “China club”; it is a broad road for China to share opportunities and seek common development with the world, not falling into some presupposed “development trap.” What the Belt and Road Initiative pursues is development, advocates win-win outcomes, and conveys hope; all interested countries can join. Since the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed, China has adhered to the concepts of openness, green development, and clean governance, with the goals of high standards, sustainability, and benefiting the people, comprehensively promoting policy dialogue, infrastructure connectivity, trade liberalization and facilitation, and financial cooperation, building a path of international development and cooperation that is peaceful, prosperous, open, green, innovative, and civilized. In the new historical period, we should correctly understand and grasp the new situation facing the Belt and Road Initiative, continuously consolidate the foundation for development, steadily expand new areas of cooperation, comprehensively strengthen risk prevention and control, pay attention to strengthening overall coordination, better serve the construction of a new development pattern, and promote the Belt and Road Initiative to continuously advance in the direction indicated by a community with a shared future for mankind.

共建“一带一路”倡议是经济合作倡议，不是搞地缘政治联盟或军事同盟，不针对谁也不排除谁；是开放包容的进程，不是要关起门来搞小圈子或者“中国俱乐部”；是中国同世界共享机遇、共谋发展的阳光大道，不是陷入某种预设的“发展陷阱”。共建“一带一路”倡议追求的是发展，崇尚的是共赢，传递的是希望，所有感兴趣的国家都可以加入进来。共建“一带一路”倡议提出以来，我国坚持开放、绿色、廉洁理念，以高标准、可持续、惠民生为目标，全方位推动政策对话、基础设施互联互通、贸易自由便利化以及金融合作，打造和平、繁荣、开放、绿色、创新、文明的国际发展与合作之路。在新的历史时期，应正确认识和把握共建“一带一路”倡议面临的新形势，不断夯实发展根基，稳步拓展合作新领域，全面强化风险防控，注重加强统筹协调，更好服务构建新发展格局，推动共建“一带一路”倡议沿着人类命运共同体所指明的方向不断前进。

Promote global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. President Xi Jinping pointed out: “All countries are aboard the same giant ship of

推动共商共建共享的全球治理。习近平主席指出：“世界各国乘坐在一条命运与共的大船上，要穿越惊涛骇浪、驶向光明未来，必须同舟共济，企图把谁扔下大海都是不可接受的。”共同应对全球治理挑战、破解治理赤字，必须坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，积极推进全球治理规则民主化。必须以人类命运共同体理念引领全球治理体系变革，超越以往国际关系中的零和思维，倡导各国超越分歧、共享机遇，共同应对气候变化、恐怖主义、极端贫困等全球性挑战，寻求实现全人类的普遍安全、持久繁荣与可持续发展，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向演进。

Multilateral cooperation mechanisms are the necessary path for safeguarding the common well-being of the globe. The core essence of multilateralism lies in the fact that global affairs must reach consensus through multi-party consultation, the formulation and implementation of international rules must be based on universally recognized principles, the development demands of different countries should be given balanced consideration, and the ultimate goal is to build a more inclusive system of global collaboration. It is necessary to uphold the core values and basic principles of multilateralism and to practice multilateralism through concrete actions. It is necessary to uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, to uphold the international order based on international law, and to advance the reform of the global governance system through broad consultation and consensus-building. It is necessary to attach great importance to the core role of the United Nations, emphasize the practice of true multilateralism, optimize the agenda-setting of global governance, and inject new impetus into the transformation of the global governance system.

多边合作机制是维护全球共同福祉的必由之路。多边主义的核心要义在于，全球性事务需通过多方协商达成共识，国际规则的制定与实施必须基于普遍认可的原则，不同国家的发展诉求应得到均衡考量，最终致力于构建更具包容性的全球协作体系。必须坚持多边主义的核心价值和基本原则，以实际行动践行多边主义。必须维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，维护以国际法为基础的国际秩序，通过广泛协商、凝聚共识的方式推进全球治理体系改革。必须高度重视联合国的核心作用，强调践行真正的多边主义，优化全球治理议题设置，为全球治理体系变革注入新动力。

Build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The international community should make efforts in areas such as partnership, security architecture, economic development, civilizational exchange, and ecological construction” and “pursue dialogue and consultation to build a world of lasting peace; pursue shared development to build a world of universal security; pursue win-win cooperation to build a world of common prosperity; pursue exchanges and mutual learning to build an open and inclusive world; pursue green and low-carbon development to build a clean and beautiful world.” The goal of building “five worlds” [11]11 “Five worlds” refers to the five aspects of the vision for building a community with a shared future for mankind: a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and cleanness and beauty. paints a clearer picture for the common development of humanity’s future.

建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。习近平总书记指出：“国际社会要从伙伴关系、安全格局、经济发展、文明交流、生态建设等方面作出努力”“坚持对话协商，推动建设一个持久和平的世界；坚持共建共享，推动建设一个普遍安全的世界；坚持合作共赢，推动建设一个共同繁荣的世界；坚持交流互鉴，推动建设一个开放包容的世界；坚持绿色低碳，推动建设一个清洁美丽的世界”。建设“五个世界”这一目标，为人类未来共同发展描绘了更清晰的图景。

All countries in the world should uphold the principles of mutual respect and equal consultation, and jointly contribute to the well-being and prosperity of all humanity; should uphold the spirit of cooperation and mutual assistance, insist on resolving disputes through dialogue mechanisms and defusing differences through consultation and negotiation, and jointly maintain peace and stability in the region and the world; should strive to build favorable conditions for the common development of all humanity, jointly advance the process of prosperity and development for all countries, ensure that the positive achievements of development can broadly benefit the people of all countries, and ultimately realize the beautiful vision of shared prosperity and well-being for all; should uphold the concept of a diverse world and a variety of civilizations, commit to promoting the harmonious coexistence and mutual enrichment of different civilizations, so that the fruits of civilization created by humanity can jointly provide rich spiritual impetus for the development of human society; must firmly establish the concept of respecting the laws of nature, conforming to natural evolution, and protecting the natural environment, commit to building an ecological system based on nature and advocating green development, in order to protect the Earth home on which humanity depends for survival, thereby ensuring the realization of global sustainable development.

世界各国应当秉持相互尊重、平等协商的原则，共同努力为全人类的福祉与繁荣贡献力量；应秉持合作互助的精神，坚持通过对话机制解决争端，以协商谈判化解分歧，共同维护地区和世界的和平与稳定；应致力于构建促进全人类共同发展的有利条件，携手推进世界各国的繁荣与发展进程，确保发展所带来的积极成果能够广泛惠及世界各国人民，最终实现全民共享富裕与安康的美好愿景；应秉持世界多元、文明多样的理念，致力于促进不同文明间的和谐共存与相互映衬，使人类所创造的文明成果能够共同为人类社会的发展提供丰富的精神动力；必须牢固确立尊重自然规律、顺应自然演变、保护自然环境的理念，致力于构建以自然为本、倡导绿色发展的生态体系，以维护人类赖以存续的地球家园，从而确保全球可持续发展的实现。

In short, only when the world is good can China be good; only when China is good can the world be even better. China has always been committed to being an active promoter of world peace, a strong contributor to global development, and a staunch defender of the international order, and firmly advocates and practices the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind. By seeking the general trend, upholding the great cause, and following the right path, China will join hands with all countries, work together, and make sustained efforts to advance the process of building a community with a shared future for mankind, in order to create a brighter and more prosperous future for humanity.

总之，世界好，中国才能好；中国好，世界才更好。中国始终致力于成为世界和平的积极推动者、全球发展的有力贡献者、国际秩序的坚定维护者，坚决倡导并践行构建人类命运共同体的理念。谋大势、担大义、行大道，携手世界各国，共同努力、持续奋斗，致力于推动构建人类命运共同体的进程，以期共创人类更加光明与繁荣的未来。

(The author is Dean of the Research Institute for Chinese-Path Modernization, Northeastern University)

（作者系东北大学中国式现代化研究院院长）

Online editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁