Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought’s Creative Application of Dialectical Materialism

Economic work is the central task of the Party’s governance and state administration. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought is the most important achievement of the Party’s theoretical innovation in the economic field in the New Era, and it is also the latest achievement in the innovative development of Marxist political economy. A careful study of the first volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy* (hereinafter referred to as the *Selected Works*) yields a profound impression: General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to and creatively applies the fundamental principles of Marxism, permeating dialectical materialism throughout all aspects, fields, and the entire process of economic work. To thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought, we must firmly grasp this key and focus, firmly master the dialectics of doing economic work well, and continuously improve our ability and level in handling economic work.

经济工作是党治国理政的中心工作。习近平经济思想是新时代经济领域党的理论创新的最重要成果，也是马克思主义政治经济学创新发展的最新成果。认真学习《习近平经济文选》第一卷（以下简称《文选》），一个深刻感受是习近平总书记高度重视并创造性运用马克思主义基本原理，把唯物辩证法贯穿于经济工作的各方面、各领域和全过程。深入学习贯彻习近平经济思想，必须紧紧抓住这个关键和重点，牢牢把握做好经济工作的辩证法，不断提高抓经济工作的能力和水平。

Creatively applying dialectical materialism to construct a scientific methodology for doing economic work well

创造性运用唯物辩证法，构建做好经济工作的科学方法论

As an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought profoundly embodies the worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and profoundly embodies the scientific methods for advancing the Party’s theoretical innovation, such as the Two Integrations and the “Six Musts” [1]1 The “Six Musts” (六个必须坚持) refers to the six principles that must be upheld in the theoretical innovation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era: putting the people first, self-confidence and self-reliance, upholding integrity and innovation, taking a problem-oriented approach, applying a systems concept, and embracing a global vision.. In particular, Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought creatively applies dialectical materialism to construct a scientific methodology for doing economic work well, providing a scientific ideological method guide for forward-thinking consideration, holistic planning, and overall advancement of socialist economic construction with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，习近平经济思想深刻体现了辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观和方法论，深刻体现了“两个结合”“六个必须坚持”等推进党的理论创新的科学方法。特别是，习近平经济思想创造性运用唯物辩证法，构建起做好经济工作的科学方法论，为前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、整体性推进新时代中国特色社会主义经济建设提供了科学的思想方法指南。

First, dialectically understanding and grasping the domestic and international general situation. In the article “Deepening Understanding of Major Issues in Medium- and Long-Term Economic and Social Development,” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Entering the new development stage, profound changes in the domestic and international environment bring both a series of new opportunities and a series of new challenges; crises and opportunities coexist, opportunities exist within crises, and crises can be turned into opportunities” and “We must dialectically understand and grasp the domestic and international general situation, coordinate the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with the changes unseen in a century, deeply understand the new features and new requirements brought about by the development and changes in our country’s principal contradiction, deeply understand the new contradictions and new challenges brought about by the complex international environment, strengthen our awareness of opportunities and risks, accurately recognize changes, respond scientifically, and actively seek change.” These important discussions creatively apply the principle that the world is unified in matter and matter determines consciousness, as well as the law of the unity of opposites, requiring the use of a comprehensive, dialectical, and long-term perspective to analyze the economic situation and development trends, and to use developmental thinking and methods to solve practical problems, providing a scientific epistemology and methodology for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization with high-quality development.

一是辩证认识和把握国内外大势。在《深化对中长期经济社会发展重大问题的认识》一文中，习近平总书记指出，“进入新发展阶段，国内外环境的深刻变化既带来一系列新机遇，也带来一系列新挑战，是危机并存、危中有机、危可转机”“我们要辩证认识和把握国内外大势，统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，深刻认识我国社会主要矛盾发展变化带来的新特征新要求，深刻认识错综复杂的国际环境带来的新矛盾新挑战，增强机遇意识和风险意识，准确识变、科学应变、主动求变”。这些重要论述，创造性运用世界统一于物质、物质决定意识的原理和对立统一规律，要求用全面、辩证、长远的眼光分析经济形势和发展大势，用发展的思路和办法解决实际问题，为以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化提供了科学认识论和方法论。

Currently, the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is advancing rapidly, creating a historic opportunity for our country to seize the momentum and achieve greater development. Our country has significant institutional advantages, a solid material foundation, strong economic resilience, and overall social stability, with multiple advantages and conditions for continued development. At the same time, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, local conflicts and turmoil occur frequently, global problems intensify, and external suppression and containment are continuously escalating. Our country’s development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertainties and unpredictable factors increase. It faces both a more adverse external environment and internal challenges such as the still prominent problem of unbalanced and inadequate development. Only by taking extraordinary measures can we turn crises into opportunities and danger into safety. It is precisely on the basis of dialectically understanding and scientifically grasping the domestic and international development trends that General Secretary Xi Jinping has proposed a series of important original concepts and innovative measures, such as the new normal of economic development, the new development concept, the new development stage, the new development pattern, and new quality productive forces, making principled contributions and guiding our economy to ride the wind and waves, always advancing with high quality along the correct direction. It is also on the basis of dialectically understanding and scientifically grasping the domestic and international development trends that our Party uses medium- and long-term planning to scientifically guide economic and social development. Since the New Era, we have achieved great development results in the 12th Five-Year Plan, the 13th Five-Year Plan, and the 14th Five-Year Plan, and are now drawing up the grand development blueprint for the 15th Five-Year Plan. Chinese-path modernization presents an extremely bright and promising prospect.

当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革突飞猛进，为我国乘势而上实现更大发展创造了历史性机遇。我国制度优势显著，物质基础雄厚，经济韧性强大，社会大局稳定，继续发展具有多方面优势和条件。同时，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，局部冲突和动荡频发，全球性问题加剧，来自外部的打压遏制不断升级。我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期，既面临更多逆风逆水的外部环境，也面临发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出等内部挑战，只有以非常之举才能化危为机、转危为安。正是在辩证认识和科学把握国内外发展大势的基础上，习近平总书记提出了经济发展新常态、新发展理念、新发展阶段、新发展格局、新质生产力等一系列重要原创性概念、创新性举措，作出原理性贡献，指引我国经济乘风破浪，始终沿着正确方向高质量前行。也正是在辩证认识和科学把握国内外发展大势的基础上，我们党用中长期规划科学指导经济社会发展，新时代以来取得了“十二五”“十三五”“十四五”的巨大发展成就，并正在擘画“十五五”宏伟发展蓝图，中国式现代化呈现出无比光明灿烂的前景。

Second, adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. The article “The General Principle of Pursuing Progress While Ensuring Stability Is the Methodology for Doing Economic Work Well” points out: The general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability is an important principle for our governance and state administration, and it is also the methodology for doing economic work well; the focus of “stability” should be on stabilizing economic operations; the focus of “progress” should be on adjusting the economic structure and deepening reform and opening up; “stability” and “progress” are dialectically unified and should be grasped as a whole.

二是坚持稳中求进工作总基调。《稳中求进工作总基调是做好经济工作的方法论》一文指出：稳中求进工作总基调是我们治国理政的重要原则，也是做好经济工作的方法论；“稳”的重点要放在稳住经济运行上；“进”的重点要放在调整经济结构和深化改革开放上；“稳”和“进”是辩证统一的，要作为一个整体来把握。

Adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability creatively applies the law of the transformation of quantity into quality and the characteristic of the mutual complementarity of contradictions, requiring a grasp of the dialectics of stability and progress, and the dialectics of breaking and establishing, insisting on pursuing progress while ensuring stability, promoting stability through progress, and establishing before breaking. This is a profound summary of the successful experience of our country’s more than 40 years of reform and opening up, a profound explanation of the laws of economic development based on summarizing domestic and international development experience, and the crystallization of the wisdom of our Party’s leadership in economic work since the New Era. It provides a scientific general principle and methodological guidance for promoting the development of various undertakings and completing goals and tasks on schedule.

坚持稳中求进工作总基调，创造性运用质量互变规律和矛盾相辅相成的特性，要求把握好稳和进的辩证法、破和立的辩证法，坚持稳中求进、以进促稳、先立后破。这是对我国40多年改革开放成功经验的深刻总结，是在总结国内外发展经验的基础上对经济发展规律的深刻阐释，是新时代以来我们党领导经济工作的智慧结晶，为我们推动各项事业发展、如期完成目标任务，提供了科学的总基调和方法论指引。

The fundamental point of pursuing progress while ensuring stability lies in stabilizing the overall situation and continuously making progress. Among them, stability is the main tone and the overall situation, and is the foundation and prerequisite for progress; progress is the direction and the goal, is the active grasp of the trend of progress contained within the state of stability, and is the driving force and guarantee of stability. “Stability” and “progress” complement and promote each other, continuously driving economic development to improve quality, increase efficiency, and reach new levels.

稳中求进的根本点在于稳定大局、不断进取。其中，稳是主基调、是大局，是进的基础和前提；进是方向、是目标，是对稳的状态下所蕴含的进的趋势的积极把握，是稳的动能和保障。“稳”和“进”相辅相成、互相促进，推动经济发展不断提质增效、迈上新台阶。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we have resolutely held the bottom lines of financial risks, social livelihood, and the ecological environment, stabilizing expectations, growth, and employment. At the same time, we have actively established what should be established and resolutely broken what should be broken on the basis of establishment, actively making progress in transforming the development model, adjusting the structure, improving quality, and increasing efficiency. We have achieved new accomplishments in sustained, healthy, and stable economic and social development, and high-quality development has been solidly advanced.

党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，我们坚决守住金融风险、社会民生、生态环境等底线，稳预期、稳增长、稳就业，同时把该立的积极主动立起来、该破的在立的基础上坚决破，在转方式、调结构、提质量、增效益上积极进取，取得了经济社会持续健康稳定发展的新成就，高质量发展扎实推进。

Third, adhering to the systems concept. The systems concept is a fundamental way of thinking and working. In multiple works in the *Selected Works*, it is clearly emphasized to adhere to the systems concept, and the analysis of many major issues profoundly embodies the systems concept. For example, “On Constructing the New Development Pattern” points out, “We must adhere to the systems concept, strengthen forward-thinking consideration, holistic planning, strategic layout, and overall advancement of development in various fields, strengthen policy coordination and cooperation, make all aspects of development mutually reinforcing, and continuously deepen the practice of implementing the new development concept.” “Principles to Be Adhered to in Achieving the Goals of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” points out, “Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a multi-dimensional, three-dimensional, and systematic project. We must unswervingly implement the new development concept, adhere to the systems concept, and properly handle the relationships between development and emission reduction, the whole and the part, and the short term and the medium to long term.” “Accelerating the Construction of the New Development Pattern and Seizing the Initiative in Future Development” points out, “We must adhere to a problem-oriented approach and the systems concept, and strive to break down the main contradictions and problems that constrain the acceleration of the construction of the new development pattern.”

三是坚持系统观念。系统观念是具有基础性的思想和工作方法。在《文选》的多篇著作中，都明确强调要坚持系统观念，对多个重大问题的分析都深刻体现了系统观念。比如，《关于构建新发展格局》指出，“要坚持系统观念，加强对各领域发展的前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进，加强政策协调配合，使发展的各方面相互促进，把贯彻新发展理念的实践不断引向深入”。《实现碳达峰碳中和目标要坚持的原则》指出，“实现碳达峰、碳中和是一项多维、立体、系统的工程，要坚定不移贯彻新发展理念，坚持系统观念，处理好发展和减排、整体和局部、短期和中长期的关系”。《加快构建新发展格局，把握未来发展主动权》指出，“必须坚持问题导向和系统观念，着力破除制约加快构建新发展格局的主要矛盾和问题”。

As a fundamental way of thinking and working, adhering to the systems concept creatively applies the principle of the universal connection and eternal development of the world, and the view that the entire world is an interconnected whole and also a system of interacting parts. It requires observing things with a universally connected, comprehensive and systematic, and developmental and changing perspective, and properly handling the relationships between the whole and the part, the present and the long term, the macro and the micro, the principal contradiction and secondary contradictions, and the special and the general. This provides methodological guidance for optimizing the methods of economic governance and solving complex development problems.

作为一个具有基础性的思想和工作方法，坚持系统观念，创造性运用世界普遍联系和永恒发展的原理，创造性运用整个世界是相互联系的整体、也是相互作用的系统的观点，要求用普遍联系的、全面系统的、发展变化的观点观察事物，把握好全局和局部、当前和长远、宏观和微观、主要矛盾和次要矛盾、特殊和一般的关系，为优化经济治理方式、解决复杂发展问题提供了方法论指引。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, in the face of a profoundly complex and changing development environment, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to a systems perspective, coordinating both domestic and international imperatives, balancing the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, and comprehensively and harmoniously advancing work in all areas and the construction of socialist modernization. The scientific method of adhering to a systems perspective is also profoundly reflected in all aspects of economic work. For example, General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly pointed out: “Urban work is a systematic project,” requiring “coordinating the three structures of space, scale, and industry,” “coordinating the three links of planning, construction, and management,” “coordinating the three driving forces of reform, science and technology, and culture,” “coordinating the three layouts of production, living, and ecology,” and “coordinating the three main bodies of government, society, and citizens.” This is a scientific application of the foundational method of adhering to a systems perspective. Similarly, not only must a systems perspective be adhered to when implementing the new development philosophy, but it must also be adhered to when implementing various strategic tasks; not only must a systems perspective be adhered to in economic work, but it must also be adhered to in further comprehensively deepening reform. These are all vivid manifestations of applying the method of a systems perspective. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, leading cadres at all levels have adhered to a systems perspective, continuously improving their capabilities in strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, systematic thinking, innovative thinking, law-based thinking, and bottom-line thinking. The Party’s ability, level, and effectiveness in leading work have been greatly enhanced.

党的十八大以来，面对深刻复杂变化的发展环境，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持系统观念，统筹国内国际两个大局，统筹“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，全面协调推动各领域工作和社会主义现代化建设。坚持系统观念的科学方法，还深刻体现在经济工作的方方面面。比如，习近平总书记明确指出：“城市工作是一个系统工程”，要求“统筹空间、规模、产业三大结构”“统筹规划、建设、管理三大环节”“统筹改革、科技、文化三大动力”“统筹生产、生活、生态三大布局”“统筹政府、社会、市民三大主体”，就是对坚持系统观念这一基础性方法的科学运用。又如，不仅在贯彻新发展理念时要坚持系统观念，而且在落实各项战略任务时也要坚持系统观念；不仅在经济工作中要坚持系统观念，在进一步全面深化改革中也要坚持系统观念，这些都是运用系统观念这一方法的生动体现。党的十八大以来，各级领导干部坚持系统观念，不断提高战略思维、历史思维、辩证思维、系统思维、创新思维、法治思维、底线思维能力，我们党领导工作的能力、水平和效果大幅提升。

Fourth, adhering to a problem-oriented approach. Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is a distinctive feature of Marxism and also an important methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, profoundly reflected in many works of the *Selected Works*. [2]2 The *Selected Works* refers to *Xi Jinping: Selected Works of Economic Governance*, a compilation of Xi Jinping’s major economic writings. For instance, *Accurately Grasping the Decisive Role of the Market in Resource Allocation and Better Playing the Role of Government* points out: “Proposing that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation is in fact implementing a problem-oriented approach.” *How to View the New Normal, How to Act in the New Normal* uses the effort to achieve ten key work focus shifts to answer the major question of “how to act in the new normal,” with each point targeting practical problems in economic development. *Long-Term Adherence to and Continuous Enrichment and Development of Socialist Economic Thought with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era* emphasizes deploying new economic development strategies with a problem-oriented approach. *Grasping the New Development Stage, Implementing the New Development Philosophy, and Building the New Development Paradigm* points out grasping the new development philosophy from a problem-oriented approach.

四是坚持问题导向。坚持问题导向是马克思主义的鲜明特点，也是习近平经济思想的一条重要方法论，在《文选》的多篇著作中都有深刻体现。比如，《准确把握使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用、更好发挥政府作用》指出：“提出使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，其实就是贯彻了问题导向。”《对新常态怎么看，新常态怎么干》用努力实现十个方面工作重点转变，回答了“新常态怎么干”这个重大问题，每一条都是针对经济发展中的实际问题去的。《长期坚持、不断丰富发展新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想》强调，坚持问题导向部署经济发展新战略。《把握新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局》指出，从问题导向把握新发展理念。

Adhering to a problem-oriented approach and creatively applying the Marxist method of contradiction analysis requires adhering to the unity of the “two-point theory” and the “key-point theory,” [3]3 The “two-point theory” and “key-point theory” are Maoist formulations: the former means seeing both aspects of a contradiction, the latter means identifying the principal contradiction or the principal aspect of a contradiction. combining a goal-oriented approach with a problem-oriented approach, treating problems as the starting point and driving force of innovation, treating goals as guidance and motivation for action, treating understanding and resolving contradictions as breakthroughs to open up the work situation, and grasping historical context, finding development laws, and innovating work methods through seriously studying and resolving major and urgent problems, thereby promoting theoretical and practical innovation. Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is a theoretical distillation of the practical experience of China’s reform and opening up, an important method of thinking for promoting theoretical and practical innovation, and an important requirement for implementing work effectively. It provides a powerful ideological weapon for our understanding and transformation of the world.

坚持问题导向，创造性运用马克思主义矛盾分析法，要求坚持“两点论”和“重点论”的统一，坚持目标导向和问题导向相结合，把问题作为创新的起点和动力源，把目标作为对行动的引导和激励，把认识和化解矛盾作为打开工作局面的突破口，通过认真研究解决重大而紧迫的问题来把握历史脉络、找到发展规律、创新工作方法，推动理论和实践创新。坚持问题导向是对我国改革发展实践经验的理论升华，是推进理论和实践创新的重要思想方法，也是抓好工作落实的重要要求，为我们认识世界、改造世界提供了有力思想武器。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to a problem-oriented approach, creatively proposing the new development philosophy in response to prominent contradictions and problems in China’s development, creatively proposing adhering to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better playing the role of government, and implementing a series of major development strategies targeting issues that affect the overall situation and have long-term significance. These have had and will continue to have a profound impact on China’s economic development and transformation. It is precisely in discovering problems, researching problems, and solving problems that we continuously open up new realms for the economic development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持问题导向，针对我国发展中的突出矛盾和问题，创造性提出新发展理念，创造性提出坚持使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用、更好发挥政府作用，针对关系全局、事关长远的问题实施了一系列重大发展战略，这些都对我国经济发展变革产生并将继续产生深远影响。正是在发现问题、研究问题、解决问题中，我们不断开辟新时代中国特色社会主义经济发展新境界。

Fifth, adhering to concentrating efforts on handling our own affairs well. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Maintaining strategic focus, enhancing confidence, and concentrating efforts on handling our own affairs well is the key to our response to various risks and challenges.” This important exposition is a profound summary of the historical experience of our Party’s more than one hundred years of struggle, and even more so a high-level summary of the process of comprehensive transformation and upgrading of China’s economy since the New Era in the midst of continuously responding to risks and challenges and overcoming difficulties and obstacles. The development and change of things are determined by internal causes; internal causes are the basis of change, external causes are the conditions of change, and external causes work through internal causes. Adhering to concentrating efforts on handling our own affairs well, placing the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength, and creatively applying the principle of the dialectical relationship between internal and external causes, requires focusing on internal causes from the perspective, starting point, and effort, accurately identifying the crux of the problem and applying targeted remedies. This provides strategic focus, confidence, and scientific guidance for us to respond to complex external environments and ensure that the process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is not delayed by any external interference.

五是坚持集中精力办好自己的事。习近平总书记指出：“保持定力，增强信心，集中精力办好自己的事情，是我们应对各种风险挑战的关键。”这一重要论述，是对我们党百余年奋斗历史经验的深刻总结，更是对新时代以来我国经济在不断应对风险挑战、战胜艰难险阻中全面转型升级历程的高度概括。事物发展变化是由内因决定的，内因是变化的根据，外因是变化的条件，外因通过内因起作用。坚持集中精力办好自己的事，把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，创造性运用内因外因辩证关系原理，要求多从内因着眼、着手、着力，找准症结有的放矢、对症下药，为我们应对复杂外部环境、确保中华民族伟大复兴进程不因任何外部干扰而迟滞，提供了定力底气和科学指引。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, in the face of an external environment of rising protectionism and a sluggish world economy, we have vigorously promoted supply-side structural reform, promoting a dynamic balance between supply and demand at a higher level; vigorously built a new development paradigm, making expanding domestic demand a long-term strategy, and building a strong and resilient national economic circulation system. In the face of the “bottleneck” problem of key core technologies, we have leveraged the institutional advantage of concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks, vigorously promoted high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, and enhanced the modernization level of industrial and supply chains. In the face of certain countries building “small yards with high fences” and “decoupling and severing supply chains,” we firmly uphold the multilateral trading system centered on the World Trade Organization, expand high-level opening up, creating a favorable external environment for our own development while injecting impetus into world economic development. Currently, the international situation is complex and volatile, but no matter how great the storm, it cannot overturn the sea. As long as we maintain strategic focus, enhance confidence, and concentrate on handling our own affairs well, we will fear no storm and will inevitably win advantages, seize the initiative, and secure the future.

党的十八大以来，面对保护主义上升、世界经济低迷的外部环境，我们大力推进供给侧结构性改革，推动供需在更高水平上的动态平衡；大力构建新发展格局，把扩大内需作为长期战略，建设强大而有韧性的国民经济循环体系。面对关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题，我们发挥集中力量办大事的制度优势，大力推进高水平科技自立自强，提升产业链供应链现代化水平。面对个别国家搞“小院高墙”“脱钩断链”，我们坚定维护以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制，扩大高水平对外开放，既为自身发展营造良好外部环境，又为世界经济发展注入动力。当前，国际形势复杂多变，但无论多大的风雨都不能掀翻大海。只要我们保持定力，增强信心，集中精力办好自己的事，就无惧任何风雨，必然赢得优势、赢得主动、赢得未来。

Sixth, adhering to the spirit of driving the nail to implement tasks. In the article *The General Principle of Pursuing Progress While Ensuring Stability is the Methodology for Doing Economic Work Well*, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “We must leave a mark with the force of grasping iron and stepping on stone, carry forward the spirit of driving the nail, and move forward step by step.” Driving a nail, if the position is not found correctly or there is insufficient force, will not be done well. Only by using steady force, driving continuously, striking hammer blow after hammer blow, can the nail be driven firmly and securely; only by driving one nail after another can the blueprint be turned into reality. This enlightens us: whether it is a major national strategy or a small unit task, only by following objective laws, actively exerting human subjective initiative, and persistently implementing tasks can success be achieved.

六是坚持以钉钉子精神抓落实。在《稳中求进工作总基调是做好经济工作的方法论》一文中，习近平总书记指出，“要抓铁有痕、踏石留印，发扬钉钉子精神，一步一个脚印向前迈进”。钉钉子，找不准位置或者没有力度，都是钉不好的。只有用实劲、连续钉，一锤接着一锤敲，才能把钉子钉实钉牢；一根钉子接着一根钉子敲，才能把蓝图变为现实。这启示我们：大到国家战略，小到单位任务，只有遵循客观规律，积极发挥人的主观能动性，驰而不息抓落实，才能取得成功。

Adhering to the spirit of driving the nail to implement tasks, and creatively applying the principle of the dialectical relationship between the objectivity of laws and human subjective initiative, requires improving the ability to implement tasks, boldly carrying out work and forging ahead with determination while maintaining the stability and continuity of work, leaving a mark with the force of grasping iron and stepping on stone, and moving forward steadily. This points the way forward and provides scientific methodological guidance for us to continuously open up new work situations by resolving difficulties.

坚持以钉钉子精神抓落实，创造性运用规律的客观性与人的主观能动性的辩证关系原理，要求提高抓落实能力，既大胆开展工作、锐意进取，又保持工作的稳定性和连续性，抓铁有痕、踏石留印，稳扎稳打向前走，为我们不断通过化解难题开创工作新局面指明了前进路径，提供了科学方法指引。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we have adhered to targeted poverty alleviation and dispatched the best forces, organized and implemented the largest and most intensive battle against poverty in human history, conquered one poverty-stricken area after another, historically resolved the issue of absolute poverty, and created a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction; unswervingly followed the path of building a strong nation through science and technology, achieving new breakthroughs in basic frontier research, new leaps in strategic high-tech fields, and historic, holistic, and structural major changes in science and technology; accelerated the green transformation of the development model, deeply advanced the prevention and control of environmental pollution, continuously improved the quality of the ecological environment, making a beautiful China with bluer skies, greener mountains, and clearer waters; and so on. Communists in the New Era have carried forward the spirit of driving the nail, striving vigorously and overcoming difficulties, handling one task after another, working year after year, and promoting historic changes, systemic reshaping, and holistic restructuring in many fields.

党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央领导下，我们坚持精准扶贫、尽锐出战，组织实施人类历史上规模最大、力度最强的脱贫攻坚战，攻克了一个又一个贫中之贫、坚中之坚，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，创造了人类减贫史上的奇迹；坚定不移走科技强国之路，基础前沿研究实现新突破，战略高技术领域迎来新跨越，科技事业实现历史性、整体性、格局性重大变化；加快发展方式绿色转型，深入推进环境污染防治，持续改善生态环境质量，美丽中国天更蓝、山更绿、水更清；等等。新时代共产党人发扬钉钉子精神，踔厉奋发、攻坚克难，一件接着一件办，一年接着一年干，推动许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构。

Dialectically understanding and grasping the domestic and international overall situation, adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, adhering to a systems perspective, adhering to a problem-oriented approach, adhering to concentrating on handling one’s own affairs well, and adhering to implementing tasks with the spirit of driving nails—these constitute a logically rigorous methodological system for economic work. This system covers the entire process of grasping the overall situation, following laws, discovering problems, studying problems, solving problems, and ensuring implementation. It includes all elements from quantitative change to qualitative change. These elements are closely interconnected and need to be understood comprehensively and applied synthetically, rather than implemented and applied in isolation.

辩证认识和把握国内外大势，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持系统观念，坚持问题导向，坚持集中精力办好自己的事，坚持以钉钉子精神抓落实，构成了一个逻辑严密的经济工作方法论体系，覆盖了把握大势、遵循规律、发现问题、研究问题、解决问题、狠抓落实的全过程，包含了量变到质变的全要素，彼此之间存在着紧密联系，需要统筹理解、综合运用，而不能孤立地贯彻和运用。

Starting from grasping major relationships, deepen the understanding and recognition of socialist economic construction

从把握重大关系入手，深化对社会主义经济建设的理解认识

A close reading of the *Selected Works* reveals that in several important areas, Xi Jinping Thought on Economics proposes a number of important relationships that must be properly handled. These important relationships are a subtle application of dialectics and profoundly embody the scientific methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Economics. Two examples are analyzed here.

细读《文选》可以发现，在多个重要领域，习近平经济思想都提出了要把握好的若干重要关系。这些重要关系，是对辩证法的精妙运用，深刻体现了习近平经济思想的科学方法论。这里列举两例进行分析。

First, the major relationships that need to be properly handled in advancing Chinese-path modernization. In the article “Advancing the Great Cause of Building a Strong Country and Rejuvenating the Nation through Chinese-Path Modernization,” [4]4 This article was published in *Qiushi* Journal, Issue 1, 2024. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphatically highlighted six major relationships that need to be correctly handled in advancing Chinese-path modernization: the relationship between top-level design and practical exploration, the relationship between strategy and tactics, the relationship between upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, the relationship between efficiency and fairness, the relationship between vitality and order, and the relationship between self-reliance and opening up to the outside world. Overall, these six relationships involve all aspects of the goal setting, strategic planning, path selection, direction of advance, major principles, and major issues of Chinese-path modernization, fully reflecting a systems perspective. At the same time, these six relationships are proposed on the basis of correctly judging the stage of China’s social development, reflecting the application of the scientific method of dialectically understanding and grasping the domestic and international overall situation.

一是推进中国式现代化，需要处理好的重大关系。在《以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业》一文中，习近平总书记重点强调了推进中国式现代化需要正确处理好的六个方面重大关系：顶层设计与实践探索的关系、战略与策略的关系、守正与创新的关系、效率与公平的关系、活力与秩序的关系、自立自强与对外开放的关系。总体上看，这六大关系涉及中国式现代化建设的目标设定、战略谋划、路径选择、前进方向、重大原则、重大问题等方方面面，充分体现了系统观念。同时，这六大关系是在正确判断我国社会发展阶段的基础上提出来的，体现了对辩证认识和把握国内外大势这一科学方法的运用。

After building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the First Centenary Goal, we embarked on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and marching toward the Second Centenary Goal. This marks China’s entry into a new stage of development. This new stage of development is a new stage in which our Party leads the people to achieve a historic leap from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong. It is a new stage in which, on the basis of previous development, we continue to write a new history of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Advancing the great cause of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation through Chinese-path modernization is the central task of the Party and the state in the New Era and on the new journey. In the new stage of development, we will follow the two-step strategic arrangement [5]5 The “two-step strategic arrangement” refers to the plan to basically realize socialist modernization from 2020 to 2035, and to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful from 2035 to the middle of this century. and build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of this century.

全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后，我们开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军，这标志着我国进入了一个新发展阶段。这个新发展阶段，是我们党带领人民迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来历史性跨越的新阶段，是我们在此前发展的基础上续写全面建设社会主义现代化国家新的历史的新阶段。以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业是新时代新征程党和国家的中心任务。在新发展阶段，我们将按照两步走的战略安排，到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。

It is precisely based on the scientific judgment of the new stage of development, the scientific determination of the central task of our Party, and the scientific formulation of the development strategy for Chinese-path modernization that handling the relationship between top-level design and practical exploration and handling the relationship between strategy and tactics are placed in the first two positions among the six major relationships. This requires both doing a good job of top-level design for Chinese-path modernization, setting the direction, grasping major matters, and planning for the long term, and comprehensively promoting practical exploration and practical innovation in various fields, accurately identifying and grasping the entry points and focal points of work. Thus, it achieves an organic unity of conforming to laws and meeting purposes, an organic combination of strategic principle and tactical flexibility, and forms a powerful joint force from top to bottom and from bottom to top to jointly promote Chinese-path modernization.

正是基于对新发展阶段的科学判断，基于对我们党中心任务的科学确定，基于对中国式现代化发展战略的科学制定，处理好顶层设计与实践探索的关系、处理好战略与策略的关系，被置于六大关系前两位的位置。要求既做好中国式现代化建设的顶层设计，把方向、抓大事、谋长远，又全面推动各领域的实践探索和实践创新，抓准抓好工作的切入点和着力点，从而实现合规律性与合目的性的有机统一、战略的原则性与策略的灵活性的有机结合，形成自上而下和自下而上共同推动中国式现代化的强大合力。

Handling the relationship between upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground fully embodies the dialectics of “stability” and “progress.” Upholding fundamental principles is stability, the foundation and premise; breaking new ground is progress, the driving force and guarantee. Upholding fundamental principles means preserving the essence, source, roots, and soul of Chinese-path modernization, ensuring its correct direction. Breaking new ground means vigorously promoting theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation, and innovation in all other aspects, continuously expanding the increment of Chinese-path modernization. Handling the relationship between upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is an adherence to and application of the scientific method of the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. In upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, Chinese-path modernization continuously reaches new heights.

处理好守正与创新的关系，则充分体现了“稳”和“进”的辩证法。守正是稳，是基础和前提；创新是进，是动能和保障。守正要守好中国式现代化的本和源、根和魂，确保中国式现代化的正确方向；创新要大力推进理论创新、实践创新、制度创新、文化创新以及其他各方面创新，不断做大中国式现代化的增量。处理好守正与创新的关系，是对稳中求进工作总基调这一科学方法的坚持和运用。在守正创新中，中国式现代化不断迈上新台阶。

Handling the relationships between efficiency and fairness, and between vitality and order, are challenges faced by all countries in their modernization processes and are also major issues that must be properly resolved in Chinese-path modernization. Incorporating these two pairs of relationships into the major relationships that need to be properly handled in advancing Chinese-path modernization fully reflects a problem-oriented approach. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics upholds the organic unity of Party leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and law-based governance. Organically combining the socialist system with the market economy is conducive both to stimulating the vitality of various business entities, liberating and developing social productive forces, and to promoting the mutual consideration, mutual promotion, and mutual unity of efficiency and fairness, continuously achieving common prosperity, and providing an institutional premise for handling the two pairs of relationships between efficiency and fairness and between vitality and order. To this end, it is necessary to further deepen reform comprehensively and use the power of institutions to solve worldwide problems.

处理好效率与公平、活力与秩序的关系，是各国现代化都面临的难题，也是中国式现代化必须解决好的重大问题。把这两对关系纳入推进中国式现代化需要处理好的重大关系，充分体现了问题导向。中国特色社会主义制度坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一。把社会主义制度和市场经济有机结合起来，既有利于激发各类经营主体活力、解放和发展社会生产力，又有利于推动效率与公平相兼顾、相促进、相统一，不断实现共同富裕，为处理好效率与公平、活力与秩序这两对关系提供了制度前提。为此，要进一步全面深化改革，以制度之力破解世界性难题。

Handling the relationship between self-reliance and opening up to the outside world fully embodies the scientific method of concentrating on handling one’s own affairs well. Self-reliance and opening up to the outside world are not contradictory. Only by basing oneself on self-reliance can high-level opening up be achieved; only by relying on high-level opening up can self-reliance be realized to a greater extent. Both are principles that we must always adhere to in following the laws of development and firmly grasping the destiny of China’s development and progress in our own hands. The key to handling the relationship between self-reliance and opening up lies in maintaining strategic focus, persevering with long-term efforts, concentrating on handling one’s own affairs well, and moving forward steadily according to the established goals.

处理好自立自强与对外开放的关系，充分体现了坚持集中精力办好自己的事的科学方法。自立自强和对外开放并不矛盾，立足自立自强才能实现高水平对外开放，依托于高水平对外开放才能在更大程度上实现自立自强，二者都是我们遵循发展规律、坚持把我国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中需要始终坚持的原则。而处理好自立自强与对外开放关系的关键，就在于保持战略定力、坚持久久为功，集中精力办好自己的事，按照既定目标稳步前行。

Second, economic work involves a myriad of tasks, and there are important relationships that must be properly coordinated. These are the regularities recognized by our Party for economic work, summarized as the “five must-coordinate” principles: the relationship between an effective market and a competent government must be coordinated; the relationship between aggregate supply and aggregate demand must be coordinated; the relationship between cultivating new drivers and upgrading old drivers must be coordinated; the relationship between optimizing increments and revitalizing stock must be coordinated; and the relationship between improving quality and expanding quantity must be coordinated. There is a fundamental premise for the “five must-coordinate” principles: that upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for doing a good job in economic work. The “five must-coordinate” principles are a distillation and summary of the practical experience of our Party’s leadership of economic work since the New Era, a profound grasp of the future development trends of China’s economy and the world economy, a profound embodiment of the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, an application of a systems perspective to grasp the major issues and important relationships from the myriad tasks of economic work, and also things that we need to concentrate on and consistently do well in the current stage of development.

二是经济工作千头万绪，必须统筹好的重要关系。这就是我们党对经济工作提出的“五个必须统筹”的规律性认识：必须统筹好有效市场和有为政府的关系，必须统筹好总供给和总需求的关系，必须统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，必须统筹好做优增量和盘活存量的关系，必须统筹好提升质量和做大总量的关系。“五个必须统筹”有一个根本前提，那就是坚持党中央集中统一领导是做好经济工作的根本保证。“五个必须统筹”，是对新时代以来我们党领导经济工作实践经验的提炼和总结，是对我国经济和世界经济未来发展趋势的深刻把握，是稳中求进工作总基调的深刻体现，是运用系统观念从千头万绪的经济工作中提纲挈领抓出的重大问题和重要关系，也是当前发展阶段我们需要集中精力、一以贯之做好的事情。

Handling the relationship between the government and the market is the core issue of economic system reform and a worldwide problem in economics. China adheres to and improves the socialist market economy system, creatively solving this worldwide problem in economics. By coordinating the relationship between an effective market and a competent government, guaranteed by institutional innovation, an economic order that is both “lively” and “controllable” is formed, laying the institutional premise and order foundation for promoting high-quality development.

处理好政府和市场的关系，是经济体制改革的核心问题，是一道经济学上的世界性难题。我国坚持和完善社会主义市场经济体制，创造性地解答这道经济学世界难题。以体制创新为保障统筹好有效市场和有为政府的关系，形成既“放得活”又“管得住”的经济秩序，为推动高质量发展奠定制度前提和秩序基础。

The dynamic balance between aggregate supply and aggregate demand is a basic condition for the stable and healthy development of the economy and a basic goal of macroeconomic regulation. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The key to building a new development pattern lies in ensuring the unimpeded circulation of the national economy. Whether this can be achieved depends mainly on whether the supply and demand ends are both dynamically strong, generally matched, dynamically balanced, and positively interactive.” [6]6 This quotation is from a speech by Xi Jinping at the 24th meeting of the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs, February 2022. Coordinating the relationship between aggregate supply and aggregate demand, smoothing the circulation of the national economy, contains the strategic measures of coordinating the expansion of domestic demand and deepening supply-side structural reform, grasps the key to building a new development pattern, and lays the strategic foundation for promoting high-quality development.

总供给和总需求的动态平衡是经济实现平稳健康发展的基本条件，是宏观经济调控的基本目标。习近平总书记指出：“构建新发展格局的关键在于实现经济循环的畅通无阻。能否实现，主要取决于供给和需求两端是否动力强劲、总体匹配，动态平衡、良性互动。”统筹好总供给和总需求的关系，畅通国民经济循环，蕴含着统筹扩大内需和深化供给侧结构性改革的战略举措，抓住了构建新发展格局的关键，为推动高质量发展筑牢战略基点。

Economic development is a process of continuous succession and transition between old and new growth drivers. Only with a smooth succession and transition between old and new growth drivers can a leap in productive forces be achieved. At present, the new technological revolution is developing rapidly, presenting a trend of cross-integration and multi-point breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and life sciences. At the same time, China’s economy has entered a critical period of transitioning between old and new growth drivers, and new quality productive forces have already taken shape in practice and are continuously developing and expanding. By properly balancing the relationship between cultivating new growth drivers and upgrading old ones, taking scientific and technological innovation as the guide, vigorously cultivating and expanding emerging industries and future industries, accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and developing new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, we have identified important focal points for promoting high-quality development.

经济发展是一个新旧动能不断接续转换的过程。新旧动能平稳接续转换，才能实现生产力的跃升。当前，新科技革命迅猛发展，呈现以人工智能、量子科技、生命科学等领域交叉融合、多点突破的发展态势，同时我国经济已步入新旧动能转换的关键期，新质生产力已经在实践中形成并不断发展壮大。统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，以科技创新为引领，大力培育壮大新兴产业和未来产业，加快推动传统产业改造升级，因地制宜发展新质生产力，为推动高质量发展明确了重要着力点。

For China’s current development, the reason why stock and increment have become an important pair of relationships is that China’s economy has shifted to a stage of high-quality development. Economic resources and economic wealth have formed both a huge stock and a huge increment, and the two-way interactive relationship between stock and increment has significantly strengthened. By properly balancing the relationship between optimizing the increment and revitalizing the stock, effectively revitalizing basic assets such as land, promoting the “replacement of old industries with new ones” in industrial parks, revitalizing various types of inefficient urban land, and comprehensively improving the efficiency of resource allocation, we can expand new space for high-quality economic development.

对我国当前发展来说，存量与增量之所以成为一对重要关系，是因为我国经济已转向高质量发展阶段，经济资源和经济财富既形成了巨大存量，也有着巨大增量，存量与增量之间的双向互动关系明显增强。统筹好做优增量和盘活存量的关系，有效盘活土地等基础性资产，推动产业园区“腾笼换鸟”，盘活城镇各类低效用地等，全面提高资源配置效率，为经济高质量发展拓展新空间。

“Quality” and “quantity” constitute the two aspects of high-quality development. Quantitative change is the foundation of qualitative change, and qualitative change is the direction of quantitative change. High-quality development is a process of gradually achieving a “qualitative” leap from the accumulation of “quantitative change.” By properly balancing the relationship between improving quality and expanding total volume, we must deeply grasp the dialectical unity of quality and quantity, adhere to the unity of winning through quality and leveraging scale effects, both guide and expand the total economic volume by improving economic quality, and provide “fertile soil” for improving economic quality by expanding the total economic volume. The effective improvement of quality and the reasonable growth of quantity should be unified throughout the entire process of high-quality development, thereby consolidating the material foundation of Chinese-path modernization.

“质”和“量”，构成了高质量发展的两个方面。量变是质变的基础，质变是量变的方向。高质量发展就是从“量变”积累逐渐实现“质变”跃升的过程。统筹好提升质量和做大总量的关系，就是要深刻把握质与量的辩证统一，坚持以质取胜和发挥规模效应相统一，既以提升经济质量引领和扩大经济总量，又以扩大经济总量为提升经济质量提供“肥田沃土”，把质的有效提升和量的合理增长统一于高质量发展全过程，夯实中国式现代化的物质基础。

In “Several Relationships That Need to Be Correctly Grasped in Promoting the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,” General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed correctly grasping the relationships between overall advancement and key breakthroughs, between ecological environmental protection and economic development, between overall planning and persistent efforts, between eliminating old growth drivers and cultivating new ones, and between self-development and coordinated development. In “Several Major Relationships That Need to Be Handled Well in Advancing Supply-Side Structural Reform,” he proposed handling the relationships between government and market, between the short term and the long term, between subtraction and addition, and between supply and demand. In “Several Major Theoretical and Practical Issues in Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively,” he proposed adhering to the unity of reform and the rule of law, adhering to the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing, adhering to the unity of reform and opening up, and handling the relationship between deployment and implementation, among others. The proposal of these important relationships has grasped the key points for doing relevant work well, and they are all creative applications of the scientific methodology of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, shining with the truth of dialectical materialism.

习近平总书记在《推动长江经济带发展需要正确把握的几个关系》中，提出要正确把握整体推进和重点突破、生态环境保护和经济发展、总体谋划和久久为功、破除旧动能和培育新动能、自身发展和协同发展等关系；在《推进供给侧结构性改革要处理好几个重大关系》中，提出要处理好政府和市场、短期和长期、减法和加法、供给和需求的关系；在《进一步全面深化改革中的几个重大理论和实践问题》中，提出要坚持改革和法治相统一，坚持破和立的辩证统一，坚持改革和开放相统一，处理好部署和落实的关系；等等。这些重要关系的提出，都抓住了做好相关工作的关键点，都是对习近平经济思想科学方法论的创造性运用，闪耀着唯物辩证法的真理光芒。

Fully applying dialectical materialism to all aspects and fields of economic work

把唯物辩证法思想充分运用到经济工作各方面各领域

A thorough reading of the “Selected Works” reveals that every piece within it shines with the light of dialectical materialism, embodying the scientific methodology of Xi Jinping’s economic thought. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has strengthened comprehensive leadership over economic work. In implementing the Party Central Committee’s deployments on economic work, various localities and departments have adhered to fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the new development philosophy, adhered to scientific methods in economic work, and gained many valuable experiences. However, there have also been cases in some localities and fields where implementation has not been in place or has even deviated. The existence of these problems shows that knowing is easier than doing, and implementing scientific thinking and scientific methods into practical work is also a arduous process of transforming the subjective world. Therefore, we must make sustained efforts and work persistently to continuously improve the level of understanding, comprehension, and application of the scientific methodology of Xi Jinping’s economic thought.

通读《文选》可以发现，其中的每篇著作都闪耀着唯物辩证法的思想之光，体现了习近平经济思想的科学方法论。党的十八大以来，我们党加强对经济工作的全面领导，各地各部门在落实党中央关于经济工作的部署中，坚持完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，坚持经济工作的科学方法，取得了诸多宝贵经验，但也有个别地方和领域存在落实不到位甚至有偏离的情况。这些问题的存在，说明知易行难，要把科学思想、科学方法贯彻到实际工作中，也是一个艰苦的改造主观世界的过程。因此，要持续用力，久久为功，不断提高对习近平经济思想科学方法论的认识、理解和运用水平。

First, adhere to reading original works, studying original texts, and comprehending principles. For deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping’s economic thought, original works and texts are the most authoritative. Only by reading original works, studying original texts, and comprehending principles can we comprehensively, accurately, and deeply grasp the essence of the thought and its core tenets, and deeply master the important viewpoints, major judgments, major measures, and important methods contained therein. Reading original works and texts must be comprehensive and systematic, not fragmented or isolated. Only by calmly reading through, studying hard, and carefully reading original works and texts, while simultaneously studying them in connection with the basic principles of Marxism, studying with problems in mind, studying in connection with reality, and studying in a timely and follow-up manner, can we fully grasp the scientific content and scientific methods of Xi Jinping’s economic thought. Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning leads to peril. If there is no thinking, but only simple browsing and mechanical memorization, no matter how good the theory, it is difficult to be absorbed and digested. We must adhere to the integration of learning, thinking, and application, and the unity of knowledge, belief, and action, truly understand, master, and thoroughly comprehend, strive to elevate perceptual knowledge into systematic rational knowledge, use it to arm the mind, guide practice, and promote work, achieving understanding and gains from learning.

一是坚持读原著、学原文、悟原理。深入学习贯彻习近平经济思想，原著原文是最权威的。只有通过读原著、学原文、悟原理，才能全面、准确、深入地领会思想精髓和核心要义，深入掌握其中蕴含的重要观点、重大判断、重大举措、重要方法。阅读原著原文必须是全面的、系统的，而不能是零碎的、孤立的。只有静下心来通读苦读细读原著原文，同时联系马克思主义基本原理学，带着问题学，联系实际学，及时跟进学，才能完整把握习近平经济思想的科学内容和科学方法。学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。如果没有思考，只是简单地浏览、机械地记忆，再好的理论也难以被吸收和消化。要坚持学思用贯通、知信行统一，真正学懂、学通、学透，努力把感性认识上升为系统的理性认识，用以武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，做到学有所悟、学有所得。

Second, adhere to the people-centered development thought. The fundamental purpose of our promotion of economic development and maintenance of economic growth rates is to continuously and properly address the prominent issues of common concern to the people. The people-centered development thought is the fundamental stance of Xi Jinping’s economic thought. The people are the main driving force of the reform and development cause, the main subjects sharing the fruits of reform and development, and also the main subjects judging the effectiveness of reform and development. The people’s aspiration for a better life is our goal of struggle, and giving play to the principal role of the people is a powerful driving force for development. All stances, viewpoints, and methods of Xi Jinping’s economic thought take enhancing the people’s well-being, promoting the comprehensive development of individuals, and steadily advancing towards common prosperity as their starting point and ultimate goal. Recognizing this is the only way to continuously deepen the understanding and

二是坚持以人民为中心的发展思想。我们推动经济发展、保持经济增长速度，根本是要不断解决好人民群众普遍关心的突出问题。以人民为中心的发展思想，是习近平经济思想的根本立场。人民是改革发展事业的推动主体，是改革发展成果的共享主体，也是改革发展成效的评判主体。人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标，发挥人民主体作用是推动发展的强大动力。习近平经济思想的一切立场、观点和方法，都以增进人民福祉、促进人的全面发展、朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进作为出发点和落脚点。认识到这一点，才能不断深化对习近平经济思想的认识理解，才能不断深化对这一科学思想所包含的诸多辩证关系的认识理解，才能带着对人民群众的深厚感情，掌握和运用好做好经济工作的科学方法。

Third, adhere to aligning the subjective with the objective, forming an interactive cycle of theoretical guidance—practical exploration—deepened understanding—elevated practice. Xi Jinping’s economic thought is not a doctrine confined to the study; rather, it is a major theoretical achievement formed by applying the fundamental principles of Marxist political economy to guide the practice of China’s economic development in the New Era. The comprehension and implementation of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, as well as the mastery and application of its scientific methodology, must be understood, tested, and elevated through the fiery practice of socialist economic construction with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. At present, the major practical issues, overarching strategic issues, and hot-button and difficult problems concerning the people that China faces in its reform and opening up and socialist modernization manifest differently in different localities. Only through in-depth investigation and research, understanding local realities, and identifying the specific problems to be solved in local reform and development—so that the subjective better aligns with the objective—can we, under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, propose innovative measures and carry out creative practices to solve these problems. At the same time, we must persist in implementing tasks with the spirit of driving the nail [7]7 “Driving the nail” (钉子精神) is a metaphor popularized by Xi Jinping, meaning to tackle tasks with persistence, focus, and unwavering effort until completion, akin to hammering a nail firmly into place., comprehensively listen to the thoughts, aspirations, and expectations of the masses from all sides, and continuously test the effectiveness of implementation in practice, thereby constantly correcting cognitive and action deviations, forming an interactive cycle of theoretical guidance—practical exploration—deepened understanding—elevated practice, and steadily improving our work capabilities.

三是坚持使主观和客观相符合，形成理论指导—实践探索—认识深化—实践提升的互动循环。习近平经济思想不是书斋里的学问，而是运用马克思主义政治经济学基本原理指导新时代中国经济发展实践而形成的重大理论成果。对于习近平经济思想的理解和贯彻，对科学方法论的掌握和运用，要放到新时代中国特色社会主义经济建设的火热实践中去体悟、去检验、去提升。当前，我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设面临的重大现实问题、全局性战略问题、人民群众关心关注的热点难点问题，在不同地方有不同的具体表现。只有通过深入的调查研究，了解本地实际情况，摸清本地改革发展要解决的具体问题，使主观更好符合客观，才能在习近平经济思想指导下，提出创新性举措、开展创造性实践去解决问题。同时，要坚持以钉钉子精神抓落实，全面倾听各方面群众的所思所想所盼，不断在实践中检验抓落实的成效，从而不断校正认识偏差和行动偏差，形成理论指导—实践探索—认识深化—实践提升的互动循环，不断提高工作本领。

Fourth, we must keep in mind the interests of the whole world and improve our ability to think about problems, make decisions, and carry out work under open conditions. The *Selected Works* not only contains multiple works that directly analyze and discuss open development, but also embodies the concept of open development in its analysis of issues such as further deepening reform comprehensively. Against the backdrop of deepening economic globalization, China’s economy has become deeply integrated into the world economy; open development is not an option but a given premise. Facing the irresistible trend of the times—multipolarity, economic globalization, and the diversity of civilizations—and the complex and severe international situation, we must be even more adept at coordinating both domestic and international imperatives, making good use of both domestic and international markets and resources, enhancing our ability to allocate resources globally, safeguarding national economic security, actively participating in global economic governance, and promoting the development of the international economic order in a direction of equality, justice, and win-win cooperation, so as to better seize the strategic initiative in open development. Therefore, we must keep in mind the interests of the whole world, improve our ability to think about problems, make decisions, and carry out work under open conditions, cultivate a global vision, keep in mind the “greatest concerns of the state” [8]8 “国之大者” (guo zhi da zhe) — a term used in internal Party discourse to refer to the most fundamental and overarching interests and tasks of the state, which Party officials must always prioritize in their work., connect international issues with domestic issues for comprehensive examination and overall consideration, broaden the international perspective for studying problems, and find the scientific path to solving problems and advancing the development of our cause.

四是坚持胸怀天下，提高在开放条件下想问题、作决策、抓工作的本领。《文选》中不仅有多篇著作直接对开放发展进行了分析论述，而且在对进一步全面深化改革等问题的分析中也都体现了开放发展理念。在经济全球化深入发展的背景下，我国经济已深度融入世界经济，开放发展不是一个选项，而是既定前提。面对世界多极化、经济全球化、文明多样化的时代潮流不可阻挡的大势和复杂严峻的国际形势，更要善于统筹国内国际两个大局，利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源，提高在全球配置资源的能力，维护国家经济安全，积极参与全球经济治理，促进国际经济秩序朝着平等公正、合作共赢的方向发展，更好争取开放发展中的战略主动。因此，必须坚持胸怀天下，提高在开放条件下想问题、作决策、抓工作的本领，树立世界眼光，胸怀“国之大者”，把国际问题和国内问题联系起来全面考察、整体考量，打开研究问题的国际视野，找到解决问题、推进事业发展的科学路径。

(The author is a specially appointed researcher of the Beijing Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and President of the Beijing Red Culture Research Association.)

（作者系北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员、北京红色文化研究会会长）

Online editor: Tong Xin

网络编辑：同心