Grasping and Implementing the Global Governance Initiative from a Systemic and Holistic Perspective

In his important speech at the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization Plus" meeting, President Xi Jinping pointed out: "The trend of the times toward peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit has not changed, but the dark clouds of Cold War mentality, hegemonism, and protectionism have not dissipated, new threats and new challenges are increasing, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, and global governance has come to a new crossroads." [1]1 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech on the methodology of dialectical materialism, emphasizing the need to understand things through their internal connections. At present, the wave of economic globalization has linked the countries of the world into a close-knit community of shared interests, shared responsibilities, and a shared future. At the same time, humanity is increasingly facing various global challenges. Climate change, major infectious diseases, terrorism, and other issues directly threaten the security and well-being of people, and no country can remain unaffected on its own. Global problems require the cooperative response of all countries. Strengthening global governance and advancing the reform of the global governance system is the general trend. The Global Governance Initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping at the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization Plus" meeting is another original and iconic concept of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the reform and improvement of the global governance system. The Global Governance Initiative, together with the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, will effectively promote the development of the global governance system in a more just and reasonable direction.

习近平主席在“上海合作组织+”会议上的重要讲话中指出：“和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流没有变，但冷战思维、霸权主义、保护主义阴霾不散，新威胁新挑战有增无减，世界进入新的动荡变革期，全球治理走到新的十字路口。”当前，经济全球化浪潮将世界各国联系成为紧密的利益共同体、责任共同体、命运共同体。同时，人类日益面临各种全球性挑战，气候变化、重大传染性疾病、恐怖主义等直接威胁人民的安全与福祉，任何国家都难以独善其身。全球性问题需要各国合作应对，加强全球治理、推进全球治理体系变革是大势所趋。习近平主席在“上海合作组织+”会议上提出的全球治理倡议，是习近平外交思想的又一原创性概念、标识性概念，为改革完善全球治理体系贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。全球治理倡议将与全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议一道，有力促进全球治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。

The Global Governance Initiative systematically answers the theoretical and practical questions of global governance

全球治理倡议系统回答全球治理的理论与实践问题

President Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must uphold the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, continuously reform and improve the global governance system, and promote the joint efforts of all countries to build a community with a shared future for mankind." To strengthen global governance, it is necessary to answer the questions of who governs, how to govern, and for whom to govern. The Global Governance Initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping takes the core concepts of upholding sovereign equality, abiding by international rule of law, practicing multilateralism, advocating a people-centered approach, and emphasizing action orientation. It directly confronts the existing problems in global governance, is highly realistic and targeted, and provides scientific answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what premise future global governance should be based on, what principles should be adhered to, and how to achieve governance effectiveness.

习近平主席指出：“我们要坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，不断改革完善全球治理体系，推动各国携手建设人类命运共同体。”加强全球治理，必须回答好由谁治理、如何治理、为谁治理的问题。习近平主席提出的全球治理倡议以奉行主权平等、遵守国际法治、践行多边主义、倡导以人为本、注重行动导向为核心理念，直面当前全球治理存在的问题，现实性、针对性强，对未来全球治理应该基于什么样的前提、坚持什么样的原则、如何才能取得治理成效等重大理论与实践问题作出了科学解答。

Sovereign equality is the primary prerequisite for global governance. President Xi Jinping emphasized: "Adhere to the principle that all countries, regardless of size, strength, or wealth, participate equally in global governance, make decisions equally, and benefit equally. Promote the democratization of international relations and enhance the representation and voice of developing countries." All countries need to strengthen coordination and jointly respond to global challenges; cooperation is the foundation. An important condition for achieving effective cooperation is sovereign equality. Regardless of size, strength, or wealth, the sovereignty and dignity of all countries must be respected. In the current global governance system, Western powers enjoy a dominant position, and developing countries are often treated as objects of governance rather than equal governance subjects. The Global South is underrepresented, has a weak voice, and its interests and demands are often ignored. With the collective rise of emerging market economies and developing countries and the continuous change in the balance of international forces, it is necessary to uphold sovereign equality and correspondingly enhance the representation and voice of the Global South in international affairs. Upholding sovereign equality becomes the prerequisite for reforming and improving the unjust and unreasonable aspects of the global governance system. It can not only encourage all countries to actively participate in global governance but also enhance the representativeness, inclusiveness, and universality of the global governance system.

主权平等是全球治理的首要前提。习近平主席强调：“坚持各国无论大小、强弱、贫富，都在全球治理中平等参与、平等决策、平等受益。推进国际关系民主化，提升发展中国家的代表性和发言权。”各国要加强协调、共同应对全球性挑战，合作是基础。实现有效合作，一个重要条件是主权平等，各国无论大小、强弱、贫富，主权和尊严必须得到尊重。在当前全球治理体系中，西方大国享有主导地位，发展中国家经常被视为治理对象，而非平等的治理主体，全球南方国家代表性不足、发言权较弱，利益和诉求经常被忽视。随着新兴市场国家和发展中国家群体性崛起，国际力量对比不断变化，必须坚持主权平等、相应提升全球南方在国际事务中的代表性和发言权。奉行主权平等成为改革完善全球治理体系不公正不合理之处的前提，不仅可以激励各国积极参与全球治理，也能够提升全球治理体系的代表性、包容性、普惠性。

International rule of law is the fundamental guarantee of global governance. President Xi Jinping pointed out: "Comprehensively, fully, and completely abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and other generally recognized basic norms of international relations, ensure the equal and unified application of international law and international rules, do not engage in 'double standards,' and do not impose the 'family rules' of a few countries on others." International rule of law is the common pursuit of humanity. All countries should participate equally in the formulation of international law and international rules, comprehensively, balancedly, and fairly reflect the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of each country, and take into account the interests of individual countries and the common interests of the international community. Currently, international rule of law is being severely eroded. Some countries apply international rules when they are convenient and discard them when they are not, which seriously erodes the seriousness and normativity of international rule of law, and the international community faces the risk of anomie. This has become an important factor disrupting global governance. Abiding by international rule of law means that international law and international rules should be jointly written, jointly maintained, and jointly implemented by all countries, with no exceptions. All countries must strictly abide by international law rules such as treaties and international customary law, exercise rights according to law, fulfill international obligations and responsibilities, and cannot deliberately distort international law, ensuring the equal and unified application of international law.

国际法治是全球治理的根本保障。习近平主席指出：“全面、充分、完整遵守联合国宪章宗旨和原则等公认的国际关系基本准则，确保国际法和国际规则平等统一适用，不搞‘双标’，不将少数国家的‘家规’强加于人。”国际法治是人类的共同追求，各国应平等地参与国际法和国际规则的制定，全面、均衡、公平体现各国的权利、义务和责任，兼顾各国利益和国际社会的共同利益。当前，国际法治受到严重侵蚀，一些国家对国际规则合则用、不合则弃，严重侵蚀了国际法治的严肃性和规范性，国际社会面临失范风险。这成为干扰全球治理的重要原因。遵守国际法治，意味着国际法和国际规则应该由各国共同书写、共同维护、共同执行，没有也不应该有例外。各国必须严格遵守条约和国际习惯法等国际法规则，依法行使权利，履行国际义务和责任，不能刻意曲解国际法，确保国际法平等和统一适用。

Multilateralism is the basic path of global governance. President Xi Jinping emphasized: "Adhere to the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, strengthen unity and cooperation, oppose unilateralism, firmly uphold the status and authority of the United Nations, and effectively play the irreplaceable and important role of the United Nations in global governance." Unity and cooperation are inherent requirements of global governance, and practicing true multilateralism is the only way to achieve lasting and effective unity and cooperation. Since the founding of the United Nations, multilateralism has been practiced and has become an important cornerstone of post-war global governance. However, in recent years, multilateralism has been severely impacted. The United Nations, as an important institution for practicing multilateralism and promoting global governance, has had its authority continuously weakened by unilateralism and hegemonism. A few countries "tear up treaties and withdraw from groups," "withdraw funding and cut off supplies," and from time to time engage in "small circles" and "small blocs," forming exclusive alliances, using the name of cooperation to engage in confrontation, leading to intensified major-power games and geopolitical conflicts, plunging the world into the risk of division and confrontation, and seriously hindering unity and cooperation. Practicing true multilateralism means that global governance is everyone's business, affecting the vital interests of every country. It relies on coordination and cooperation, not unilateral bullying, to ensure the smooth and orderly operation of the global governance system.

多边主义是全球治理的基本路径。习近平主席强调：“坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，加强团结协作，反对单边主义，坚定维护联合国地位和权威，切实发挥联合国在全球治理中不可替代的重要作用。”团结协作是全球治理的内在要求，践行真正的多边主义才能实现持久有效的团结协作。联合国成立以来，多边主义得到践行，成为战后全球治理的重要基石。但是，近年来多边主义受到严重冲击，联合国作为践行多边主义、推动全球治理的重要机构，其权威性不断受到单边主义、霸权主义的削弱。少数国家“毁约退群”“撤资断供”，不时搞“小圈子”“小集团”，组建排他性联盟，以合作之名行对抗之实，导致大国博弈、地缘冲突加剧，世界陷入分裂对抗风险，严重阻碍团结协作。践行真正的多边主义，意味着全球治理是大家的事，关系每个国家的切身利益，要靠协调合作，而不是单边霸凌，才能确保全球治理体系顺畅有序运行。

A people-centered approach is the value orientation of global governance. President Xi Jinping emphasized: "Reform and improve the global governance system, ensure that the people of all countries jointly participate in global governance and share the fruits of global governance, better respond to the common challenges facing human society, better bridge the North-South development gap, and better safeguard the common interests of all countries in the world." Currently, a few countries, in order to maintain their own advantages and hegemonic status, hinder the reform process of international institutions such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization. The reform of international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank is slow, making it difficult to fully reflect the legitimate demands of developing countries, difficult to fully leverage the positive role of developing countries in global governance, and unable to guarantee the right of the people of all countries to participate fairly in global governance and benefit from it. Global governance needs to address global issues that may affect all of humanity. Whether it can effectively serve the people of all countries becomes an important criterion for testing the effectiveness of global governance. Currently, global issues such as poverty and climate change are already very urgent. Solving these problems must adhere to a people-centered approach and effectively enhance the well-being of the people of all countries.

以人为本是全球治理的价值取向。习近平主席强调：“改革完善全球治理体系，保障各国人民共同参与全球治理、共享全球治理成果，更好应对人类社会面临的共同挑战，更好弥合南北发展鸿沟，更好维护世界各国共同利益。”当前，少数国家为维护自身优势和霸权地位，阻碍联合国、世界贸易组织等国际机构的改革进程，国际货币基金组织、世界银行等国际机构改革缓慢，难以充分体现发展中国家的正当诉求，难以充分发挥发展中国家在全球治理中的积极作用，无法保障各国人民享有公平参与全球治理并从全球治理中受益的权利。全球治理需要解决可能影响全人类的全球性问题，能否切实服务各国人民，成为检验全球治理有效性的重要标准。当前，贫困、气候变化等全球性问题已经十分紧迫，解决这些问题必须做到以人为本，切实增进各国人民福祉。

Action orientation is an important principle of global governance. President Xi Jinping emphasized: "Adhere to systematic planning and overall promotion, coordinate global actions, fully mobilize resources from all sides, create more visible results, and avoid governance lag and fragmentation through pragmatic cooperation." To strengthen global governance, it is necessary to build consensus among all parties, promote all countries to move in the same direction and take concerted action, and produce tangible governance results. With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the bipolar structure, world multipolarization, economic globalization, social informatization, and cultural diversification have deepened. The tide of democratization of international relations is surging forward. More and more countries, especially the vast number of developing countries, are participating in global governance at a higher level, deeper degree, and broader scope. Due to the different interests and cultures of countries, coupled with a few countries believing in strength and status and putting their own country first, hindering certain important global governance agendas, countries face more difficulties in reaching consensus and taking action. Taking action orientation as a principle is to enhance the execution and effectiveness of the global governance system, better respond to global challenges, and ensure that global governance achieves tangible results.

行动导向是全球治理的重要原则。习近平主席强调：“坚持系统谋划、整体推进，统筹协调全球行动，充分调动各方资源，打造更多可视成果，以务实合作避免治理滞后和碎片化。”加强全球治理，必须凝聚各方共识，促进各国相向而行、采取一致行动，产生实实在在的治理成效。随着冷战结束和两极格局瓦解，世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化、文化多样化深入发展，国际关系民主化大潮滚滚向前，越来越多的国家特别是广大发展中国家在更高水平、更深程度、更广范围参与到全球治理中。由于各国利益不同、文化各异，加之少数国家迷信实力地位、大搞本国优先，阻碍某些重要全球治理议程，各国达成共识、采取行动面临更多困难。以行动导向为原则，就是要增强全球治理体系的执行力与有效性，更好应对全球性挑战，确保全球治理取得实实在在的成效。

The Global Governance Initiative is organically unified and integrated with the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative

全球治理倡议与全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议有机统一、连为一体

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “To adhere to dialectical materialism, one must grasp things from the internal connections of objective reality, in order to understand problems and handle them.” [1]1 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech on the methodology of dialectical materialism, emphasizing the need to understand things through their internal connections. Faced with the global challenges of today’s world, President Xi Jinping, applying the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method to observe the era, grasp the era, and lead the era, has successively put forward the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative. These four major global initiatives mutually reinforce each other and form an organic unity, collectively constituting a system of action for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and providing a comprehensive plan for resolving the peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit, and governance deficit facing our era. We must grasp the Global Governance Initiative within the overall framework of the four major global initiatives, use systemic thinking to deeply understand the close relationships between the Global Governance Initiative and the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, and from a holistic perspective deeply comprehend the significant innovative significance and practical guiding significance of the Global Governance Initiative.

习近平总书记指出：“坚持唯物辩证法，就要从客观事物的内在联系去把握事物，去认识问题、处理问题。”面对当今世界的全球性挑战，习近平主席运用马克思主义立场、观点和方法观察时代、把握时代、引领时代，相继提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议。四大全球倡议相互促进、有机统一，共同构成推动构建人类命运共同体的行动体系，为破解我们这个时代面临的和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字提供了全面方案。我们要把全球治理倡议放在四大全球倡议的整体中加以把握，运用系统思维深刻认识全球治理倡议与全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议的紧密关系，从全局高度深入理解全球治理倡议的重大创新意义和现实指导意义。

At present, global challenges are increasing, and various global problems are becoming increasingly prominent. On the surface, many problems and challenges appear to be independent of each other, with the specific manifestations of the peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit, and governance deficit differing. But when we delve into reality, we find that they are actually closely related, not only influencing and interacting with each other, but also potentially linking together, leading to further deterioration of the situation and escalation of problems. For example, carbon emissions not only cause global warming but also affect biodiversity and food security, and food security issues may further weaken the development foundation of some developing countries, even triggering social unrest and shaking the foundation of regional peace and stability; some major global infectious diseases not only concern life safety, but their spillover effects can also impact global economic growth, international political relations, and many other fields. To address global challenges, we must adhere to systemic thinking, dialectical thinking, and holistic thinking; otherwise, we may only treat the symptoms without addressing the root causes, focus on one point while neglecting the rest, or even put the cart before the horse, making it difficult to achieve lasting governance results. The Global Governance Initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping, together with the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, forms an interconnected organic whole, effectively enhancing the systemic, holistic, and synergistic nature of solving various global problems. It not only provides specific ideas for countries to jointly address global challenges but also achieves a systemic breakthrough in epistemology and methodology, forming a new plan for strengthening global governance.

当前，全球性挑战有增无减，各种全球性问题日益凸显。许多问题挑战表面上看似乎相互独立，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字具体表现各不相同。但深入到现实中，就会发现它们其实密切相关，不仅相互影响、相互作用，而且可能彼此联动，导致形势进一步恶化、问题进一步升级。比如，碳排放不仅引起全球变暖，也会影响生物多样性和粮食安全，而粮食安全问题又可能进一步削弱一些发展中国家的发展基础，甚至引发社会局势动荡，动摇地区和平稳定的根基；一些全球性的重大传染性疾病不仅关乎生命安全，其外溢影响也会波及全球经济增长、国际政治关系等诸多其他领域。应对全球性挑战，必须坚持系统思维、辩证思维、整体思维，否则就可能治标不治本，只及一点不及其余，甚至本末倒置，难以取得长久的治理成效。习近平主席提出的全球治理倡议同全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议组成了一个相互联系的有机整体，有效增强了解决各类全球性问题的系统性、整体性、协同性，不仅为各国共同应对全球性挑战提供了具体思路，也实现了认识论、方法论上的系统突破，形成了加强全球治理的新方案。

The Global Governance Initiative and the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative are interconnected, mutually supportive, mutually reinforcing, and indispensable. Among them, development is the material prerequisite for humanity to address various global challenges, the foundation for promoting the progress of human civilization, and the guarantee for realizing people’s well-being. The Global Development Initiative focuses on deepening international development cooperation, promoting common development among countries, resolving the development deficit, and promoting the building of a global community of shared development. Security is the guarantee for development and civilization; security creates a stable environment for development and safeguards the space for the inheritance and innovation of civilization. The Global Security Initiative focuses on current security challenges, resolves the security deficit, and promotes the shift of global security governance from fragmentation to systemic integration. Civilization is the spiritual accumulation of human development and progress, providing value guidance for humanity. The Global Civilization Initiative advocates respecting the diversity of world civilizations, promoting the common values of all humanity, emphasizing the inheritance and innovation of civilizations, strengthening international people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and promoting inter-civilization exchanges and mutual learning. The Global Governance Initiative directly targets the pain points and difficult issues of global governance, clarifying the primary premise, fundamental guarantee, basic path, value orientation, and important principles of global governance, pointing the way forward for reforming and improving the global governance system.

全球治理倡议与全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议相互关联、相互支撑、相互促进、缺一不可。其中，发展是人类应对各类全球性挑战的物质前提，是推动人类文明进步的基础，是实现人民福祉的保障。全球发展倡议聚焦深化国际发展合作，促进各国共同发展，破解发展赤字，推动构建全球发展共同体。安全是发展和文明的保障，安全为发展创造稳定环境，守护着文明传承与创新的空间。全球安全倡议聚焦当前安全挑战，破解安全赤字，推动全球安全治理从碎片化向系统整合迈进。文明是人类发展进步的精神积淀，为人类提供价值引领。全球文明倡议倡导尊重世界文明多样性，倡导弘扬全人类共同价值，倡导重视文明传承和创新，倡导加强国际人文交流合作，推动文明交流互鉴。全球治理倡议直指全球治理痛点难点问题，明确全球治理的首要前提、根本保障、基本路径、价值取向、重要原则，为改革完善全球治理体系指明了前进方向。

The four major global initiatives each have their own focus, achieving a combination of points and overall aspects, addressing both symptoms and root causes, and realizing a systematic response to various global challenges. They form a governance closed loop that links policies, promotes overall progress, gathers strong synergy, and collaboratively resolves the “four deficits.” It is particularly important that whether implementing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, or the Global Civilization Initiative, achieving the relevant goals requires countries around the world to deepen international cooperation and strengthen global governance, and requires a more just and reasonable global governance system as an institutional guarantee. Therefore, the Global Governance Initiative plays an important supporting role in the overall implementation of the four major global initiatives and in jointly constituting a system of action for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, holding great significance both in theory and in practice.

四大全球倡议各有侧重，做到了点面结合、标本兼治，实现系统应对各类全球性挑战，形成了一个关联施策、整体推进、汇聚强大合力、协同破解“四大赤字”的治理闭环。尤为重要的是，不论是落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议，还是全球文明倡议，实现相关目标都需要世界各国深化国际合作、加强全球治理，需要以更加公正合理的全球治理体系作为制度保障。因此，全球治理倡议对于四大全球倡议的整体落实、共同构成推动构建人类命运共同体的行动体系发挥着重要的支撑作用，在理论与实践上都具有十分重要的意义。

Better Implementing the Global Governance Initiative

更好把全球治理倡议落到实处

In his important speech at the “Shanghai Cooperation Organization+” meeting, President Xi Jinping pointed out: “Faced with the accelerating changes unseen in a century, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization should play a leading role and set a good example in implementing the Global Governance Initiative.” [2]2 The “Shanghai Cooperation Organization+” meeting refers to a summit format that includes both SCO member states and observer states or dialogue partners, used to discuss broader regional and global issues. Currently, the changes unseen in a century are unfolding in unprecedented ways, with changes in the world, the times, and history intertwining and surging forward. Reforming and improving the global governance system has become an important task facing the world today, concerning the survival and security, development and prosperity of humanity, and the progress of human civilization. The more complex and severe the situation, the more necessary it is to implement the Global Governance Initiative. Since the Global Governance Initiative was proposed, it has received positive responses from the international community. Countries such as Russia, Portugal, Slovakia, Serbia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Laos, Nicaragua, Cuba, Morocco, Nauru, and relevant international organizations have expressed appreciation or support. UN Secretary-General António Guterres stated that the Global Governance Initiative is rich in content, its core concepts are highly aligned with the beliefs upheld by the United Nations, and it forcefully responds to the strong calls of the international community for reforming and improving the global governance system. We must promote the comprehensive implementation of the Global Governance Initiative from the conceptual level to the institutional level and then to the action level, continuously injecting more certainty and positive energy into strengthening global governance and promoting the cause of world peace and development.

习近平主席在“上海合作组织+”会议上的重要讲话中指出：“面对加速演进的世界百年未有之大变局，上海合作组织要发挥引领作用，当好践行全球治理倡议的表率。”当前，世界百年未有之大变局正以前所未有的方式展开，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变相互交错、奔涌而来。改革完善全球治理体系已经成为当今世界面临的重要任务，关乎人类的生存与安全、发展与繁荣，关乎人类文明进步。越是形势复杂严峻，越需要践行全球治理倡议。全球治理倡议提出以来，得到了国际社会积极响应。俄罗斯、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、塞尔维亚、巴基斯坦、马来西亚、老挝、尼加拉瓜、古巴、摩洛哥、瑙鲁等国家和有关国际组织纷纷表示赞赏或支持。联合国秘书长古特雷斯表示，全球治理倡议内涵丰富，其核心理念与联合国坚守的信念高度契合，有力回应了国际社会对改革完善全球治理体系的强烈呼声。我们要从理念层面到制度层面再到行动层面推动全球治理倡议全面落实，不断为加强全球治理、促进世界和平发展事业注入更多确定性和正能量。

Upholding the correct outlook on global governance. Countries need to deeply recognize that no single country can solve global challenges alone, and deeply understand the reality that humanity “shares risks” and “shares a common destiny,” in order to stimulate the endogenous motivation for strengthening global governance and reforming and improving the global governance system. In this process, what kind of outlook on global governance is upheld is crucial to whether the Global Governance Initiative can be implemented. In recent years, some important global governance agendas, such as addressing climate change, have encountered obstacles, while other important global governance agendas, such as promoting common development, have been marginalized. Geopolitical conflicts and major-power game competition have become the focus of international public opinion, attracting global attention and consuming a large amount of resources. This is inseparable from the cognitive deviations that have emerged on issues of outlook on governance, such as what to govern, who governs, and how to govern. To implement the Global Governance Initiative, we must uphold the outlook on global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, ensuring that global affairs are discussed by all countries together, the governance system is built by all countries together, and the fruits of governance are shared by all countries together. We must use the correct outlook on global governance to guide the transformation of the global governance system and provide scientific guidance for implementing the Global Governance Initiative.

秉持正确的全球治理观。各国需要深刻认识到面对全球性挑战，没有哪一个国家可以独自解决，深刻认识到人类“风险共担”“命运与共”的现实，才能激发加强全球治理、改革完善全球治理体系的内生动力。在这个过程中，坚持什么样的全球治理观，对于能否践行全球治理倡议至关重要。近年来，应对气候变化等一些重要的全球治理议程遭遇阻碍，促进共同发展等另一些重要的全球治理议程则被边缘化，地缘政治冲突、大国博弈竞争成为国际舆论焦点，吸引了全球目光，占用了大量资源。这与在治理什么、谁来治理、怎么治理等治理观问题上出现的认识偏差密不可分。践行全球治理倡议，必须秉持共商共建共享的全球治理观，确保全球事务由各国一起商量，治理体系由各国一起建设，治理成果由各国一起分享，以正确的全球治理观引领全球治理体系变革，为践行全球治理倡议提供科学指引。

Strengthen institutional development and improve the governance architecture. Implementing the Global Governance Initiative depends on the coordinated cooperation of all countries, which must rely on numerous international multilateral platforms such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and be based on international law and the basic norms of international relations. Therefore, how to reform and improve international multilateral platforms, how to reform and improve international rules and ensure their equal and uniform application—answering these questions at the level of institutional development is of vital significance for implementing the Global Governance Initiative. This requires us to take the reform and improvement of the global governance system as an important breakthrough point and focus for implementing the Global Governance Initiative. This does not mean overturning the existing global governance system or starting anew, but rather focusing on solving prominent problems such as the insufficient representation and voice of the Global South, the erosion of the authority of the United Nations, and the weakening of the effectiveness of global governance, so that the global governance system can better adapt to the new realities of international political and economic development. In recent years, China has made many efforts in this regard, both promoting UN reform to revitalize its authority and vitality under the new circumstances, and promoting the BRICS mechanism and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to broaden their areas of cooperation, making them important platforms for strengthening global governance, thereby effectively promoting a more balanced and effective global governance architecture.

加强制度建设完善治理架构。践行全球治理倡议有赖各国协同合作，需要以联合国、世界贸易组织、上海合作组织等众多国际多边平台为依托，以国际法和国际关系基本准则等为依据。因此，如何改革完善国际多边平台，如何改革完善国际规则、确保国际规则得到平等和统一适用，回答好这些制度建设层面的问题对于践行全球治理倡议具有至关重要的意义。这就要求我们以改革完善全球治理体系作为践行全球治理倡议的重要突破点和着力点。这并不是对现有全球治理体系推倒重来，也不是另起炉灶，而是着眼于解决全球南方代表性和发言权不足、联合国权威性遭到侵蚀、全球治理有效性被削弱等突出问题，使全球治理体系更好适应国际政治经济发展的新现实。近年来，中国在这方面作出诸多努力，既推动联合国改革、使联合国在新形势下重振权威和活力，又推动金砖机制、上海合作组织等拓宽合作领域，使其成为加强全球治理的重要平台，有力推动全球治理架构更为均衡有效。

Ensure that global governance continuously achieves new results. The quality of implementing the Global Governance Initiative ultimately depends on whether global governance achieves new results. Currently, one important manifestation of the predicament of global governance is that governance practices lag behind governance needs, and governance results cannot meet the expectations of the people of all countries. For example, developed countries pledged at the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Conference to provide $100 billion annually in climate finance to developing countries by 2020, but this target was only achieved for the first time in 2022, two years later than originally planned. Implementing the Global Governance Initiative requires adhering to the combination of a problem-oriented, goal-oriented, and results-oriented approach, focusing on governance issues of concern to the international community, especially developing countries, such as regional peace and stability, global environmental governance, sustainable development, and poverty reduction, to build consensus and strengthen collaboration, effectively transforming governance consensus into concrete actions, and practically promoting visible and tangible governance results in relevant areas of global governance, so that the fruits of global governance benefit the people of all countries more and more fairly. Implementing the Global Governance Initiative and promoting continuous new results in global governance will undoubtedly have broad and profound positive impacts on humanity’s response to global challenges and the joint creation of a bright future of peace, security, prosperity, and progress.

确保全球治理不断取得新成效。践行全球治理倡议的成色如何，最终要看全球治理是否取得新的成效。当前，全球治理陷入困境的一个重要表现就是治理实践滞后于治理需要，治理成效不能满足各国人民的期待。比如，发达国家在2009年哥本哈根气候大会上承诺到2020年向发展中国家提供每年1000亿美元气候资金支持，但2022年才首次实现了这一目标，比原定计划晚了两年。践行全球治理倡议，就要坚持问题导向、目标导向、结果导向相结合，围绕当前国际社会特别是广大发展中国家关心的地区和平稳定、全球环境治理、可持续发展、减贫等治理议题，凝聚共识、加强协作，把治理共识有效转化为有力行动，切实推动相关领域全球治理取得可见可感的治理成效，让全球治理成果更多更公平惠及各国人民。践行全球治理倡议，推动全球治理不断取得新成效，必将对人类应对全球性挑战，共同开辟和平、安全、繁荣、进步的光明前景产生广泛而深远的积极影响。

(The author is Vice President of China Foreign Affairs University)

（作者为外交学院副院长）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧