Improving the National Innovation System

On April 30 this year, when presiding over a symposium on economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period for some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “It is necessary to improve

今年4月30日，习近平总书记在主持召开部分省区市“十五五”时期经济社会发展座谈会上指出，“要完善国家创新体系，激发各类创新主体活力，瞄准世界科技前沿，在加强基础研究、提高原始创新能力上持续用力，在突破关键核心技术、前沿技术上抓紧攻关”。这一重要论述为当前和未来完善国家创新体系指明了前进方向，提供了根本遵循。

I. The Major Strategic Significance of Improving the National Innovation System

一、完善国家创新体系的重大战略意义

Improving the national innovation system is a crucial link in constructing institutions and mechanisms that support comprehensive innovation. It can better promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, forcefully drive the achievement of a high level of self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, and provide strong scientific and technological support for Chinese-path modernization. Currently, science and technology such as artificial intelligence are driving profound changes in the world. Only by improving the national innovation system and optimizing the institutional environment for innovation can we proactively seize strategic opportunities and win the initiative in future development.

完善国家创新体系是构建支持全面创新体制机制的重要环节，能够更好推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，有力推动实现高水平科技自立自强，为中国式现代化提供坚强有力的科技支撑。当前，人工智能等科学技术正在推动世界经历深刻变革，完善国家创新体系，优化创新制度环境，才能主动把握战略机遇，赢得未来发展主动权。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the construction of the national innovation system and has made systematic deployments. In September 2013, during the ninth collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee,

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视国家创新体系建设，作出了系统性部署。2013年9月，习近平总书记在十八届中共中央政治局第九次集体学习时就提出，提升国家创新体系整体效能。2018年5月，习近平总书记在两院院士大会上提出，健全国家创新体系。2024年7月，党的二十届三中全会进一步强调：“必须深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，健全新型举国体制，提升国家创新体系整体效能。”经过多年努力，我国初步构建了与社会主义市场经济相适应的国家创新体系，创新能力持续攀升，但整体效能还不强，尤其是科技创新资源分散、重复、低效等问题依然存在，制约着创新型国家建设和高质量发展。习近平总书记在主持召开部分省区市“十五五”时期经济社会发展座谈会时，强调要完善国家创新体系，谋划“十五五”时期经济社会发展，要立足强国建设、民族复兴的宏伟目标，进一步增强紧迫感，完善国家创新体系，筑牢创新根基、突破关键瓶颈、引领科技前沿，为强国建设提供强有力科技支撑。

At present and in the future, promoting the systematization of scientific and technological innovation organizations and achieving more efficient "organized research" urgently requires improving the national innovation system. First, improve the decision-making mechanism, incentive mechanism, and governance mechanism, establish effective models for scientific research organization, innovation resource allocation, and innovation output, and enhance the motivation of researchers, team collaboration awareness, and the effectiveness of innovation output. Second, continuously strengthen scientific research organizational capabilities, realize the networking of R&D cooperation, the sharing of innovation resources, and the smooth flow of information exchange, enhance the capabilities of technology production, allocation, output, and diffusion, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of innovation organizations.

当前和未来，推动科技创新组织体系化，实现更加高效的“有组织科研”，亟须完善国家创新体系。一是完善决策机制、激励机制与治理机制，建立有效的科研组织模式、创新资源配置模式和创新产出模式，提升科研人员积极性、团队协作意识以及创新产出有效性。二是不断增强科研组织能力，实现研发合作网络化、创新资源共享和信息交流畅通化，提升技术生产、配置、产出和扩散能力，全面提升创新组织效能。

A high-quality, high-standard talent system is an important component of the national innovation system, including systems for the selection and training of scientific and technological talent, their mobility and utilization, evaluation and incentives, and development and guarantees. Improving the national innovation system not only helps meet the demand for innovative talent in key innovation industries and scientific and technological industrial fields, achieving deep integration and convergent synergy between the development of scientific and technological talent and industrial development, and promoting the coupling, matching, and precise alignment of the industrial chain, innovation chain, and talent chain, but also helps accelerate the building of a national strategic talent force, focusing on cultivating and developing strategic scientists, leading scientific and technological talents and innovation teams, and focusing on cultivating and developing outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly skilled talents, thereby improving the quality of all types of talent.

高质量高标准人才制度体系是国家创新体系的重要组成部分，包括科技人才选拔培养体系、流动使用体系、评价激励体系和发展保障体系等。完善国家创新体系，不仅有助于满足重点创新产业、科技产业领域创新人才需求，实现科技人才开发与产业发展深度对接、融合聚变，促进产业链、创新链与人才链的耦合匹配和精准对接，而且有助于加快建设国家战略人才力量，着力培养造就战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队，着力培养造就卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才，提高各类人才素质。

II. Improving the National Innovation System Requires Optimizing the Allocation of Innovation Resources

二、完善国家创新体系要优化配置创新资源

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Efforts must be made to strengthen the overall coordination of scientific and technological innovation, and to overcome the fragmented phenomena such as dispersion, closure, overlap, and duplication existing in scientific and technological innovation activities across various fields, departments, and aspects, avoiding the 'isolated island' phenomenon in innovation." [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2018. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out: "Optimize the allocation of innovation resources, optimize the positioning and layout of national research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading scientific and technological enterprises, form a national laboratory system, and coordinate the promotion of the construction of international science and technology innovation centers and regional science and technology innovation centers." [2]2 “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, July 2024. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization" [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2018. deliberated and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC further highlighted the coordination of national innovation strategic planning, policies and measures, major tasks, scientific research forces, resource platforms, and regional innovation, strengthening the top-level design for improving the national innovation system.

习近平总书记指出，“要着力加强科技创新统筹协调，努力克服各领域、各部门、各方面科技创新活动中存在的分散封闭、交叉重复等碎片化现象，避免创新中的‘孤岛’现象”。党的二十大报告指出：“优化配置创新资源，优化国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业定位和布局，形成国家实验室体系，统筹推进国际科技创新中心、区域科技创新中心建设。”党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》进一步突出了国家创新战略规划、政策措施、重大任务、科研力量、资源平台、区域创新等方面的统筹，为完善国家创新体系加强了顶层设计。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Give full play to the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources nationwide, and accelerate the achievement of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening." [4]4 “Gnaw on hard bones” (啃硬骨头) and “break through difficulties” (闯难关) are common Chinese political idioms referring to tackling the most difficult and entrenched problems in reform. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC emphasized, "Improve the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources nationwide, and enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system." [5]5 “Lump-sum system” (包干制) refers to a funding model where researchers are given a fixed total budget with greater flexibility in how it is spent, rather than being tied to specific line items. The advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources nationwide mainly lie in fully leveraging China's institutional advantage of concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks and its super-large market advantage, achieving maximum benefit and optimal efficiency in resource allocation to realize major national strategic goals. To leverage the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources nationwide, in terms of leadership systems and mechanisms, improve the system of the Party Central Committee's centralized and unified leadership over scientific and technological work, and build a coordinated and efficient decision-making and command system. In terms of the organizational implementation system, coordinate and strengthen the tackling of key core technologies, and promote the systematization, institutionalization, and coordination of scientific and technological innovation forces, factor allocation, and talent teams. In terms of key industrial chains, improve and strengthen the development systems and mechanisms for integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, medical equipment, instrumentation, basic software, industrial software, advanced materials, etc., and promote technological breakthroughs and application of achievements across the entire chain. In terms of policy support, promote the transformation of science and technology policies from each managing its own segment to building an efficient and coordinated policy system, and strengthen precise policy support for areas that are must-win arenas in strategic competition.

习近平总书记指出，“充分发挥新型举国体制优势，加快推进高水平科技自立自强”，党的二十届三中全会强调，“健全新型举国体制，提升国家创新体系整体效能”。新型举国体制的优势，主要是充分发挥我国集中力量办大事的制度优势和超大规模市场优势，实现资源配置效益最大化和效率最优化，以实现国家重大战略目标。发挥新型举国体制优势，在领导体制机制上，完善党中央对科技工作集中统一领导的体制，构建协同高效的决策指挥体系。在组织实施体系上，统筹强化关键核心技术攻关，推动科技创新力量、要素配置、人才队伍体系化、建制化、协同化。在重点产业链上，健全强化集成电路、工业母机、医疗装备、仪器仪表、基础软件、工业软件、先进材料等发展体制机制，全链条推进技术攻关、成果应用。在政策支持上，推动科技政策从各管一段向构建高效协同的政策体系转变，针对战略博弈必争领域，强化精准政策支持。

Strengthen the overall planning mechanism of the national "one chessboard" [6]6 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Science and Technology, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2021., focusing on achieving synergy in strategic planning, policies and measures, major tasks, scientific research forces, resource platforms, and regional innovation. Optimize resource allocation through policy guidance, establish a platform for sharing scientific and technological resources, and promote multi-agent collaboration. Optimize the resource allocation mechanism, establish an evaluation system oriented towards innovation value, and improve the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements. Establish a platform for sharing scientific and technological resources, improve resource utilization efficiency, and form a diversified science and technology investment system. Coordinate cross-regional innovation linkages, and promote tackling of key core technologies through cross-departmental, cross-regional, and cross-disciplinary collaborative innovation linkage mechanisms. Currently, China's scientific and technological innovation capacity is not yet adapted to the needs of high-quality development, and its ability to generate new quality productive forces is weak; the overall effectiveness of the innovation system is not yet high, and its systematic support for new quality productive forces is insufficient. To effectively solve the constraints on high-quality development and accelerate the development of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to innovate the mode of factor allocation, smooth the virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talent, allow all types of advanced and high-quality innovation factors to flow smoothly towards the development of new quality productive forces, and continuously spawn new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth.

加强全国“一盘棋”的统筹机制，重点在战略规划、政策措施、重大任务、科研力量、资源平台、区域创新等方面实现协同。通过政策引导优化资源配置，建立科技资源共享平台，促进多主体协作。优化资源配置机制，建立以创新价值为导向的评价体系，完善科技成果转化机制。建立科技资源共享平台，提高资源利用效率，形成多元化科技投入体系。统筹跨区域创新联动，通过跨部门、跨区域、跨学科协作的创新联动机制，推动关键核心技术攻关。当前，我国科技创新能力还不适应高质量发展的需要，对新质生产力的策源力不强；创新体系整体效能还不高，对新质生产力的体系化支撑不够。切实解决高质量发展的制约因素，加快发展新质生产力，必须创新要素配置方式，畅通教育科技人才良性循环，让各类先进优质创新要素向发展新质生产力顺畅流动，不断催生新产业、新模式、新动能。

III. Improving the National Innovation System Requires Stimulating the Vitality of All Types of Innovation Entities

三、完善国家创新体系要激发各类创新主体活力

The development of innovation entities such as enterprises, universities, and research institutes is an important engine for enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "It is necessary to optimize and strengthen the top-level design of the technological innovation system, clarify the functional positioning of innovation entities such as enterprises, universities, and research institutes at different links in the innovation chain, and stimulate the innovation passion and vitality of all types of entities." [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Science and Technology, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2021. This important exposition indicates that only through scientific and reasonable top-level design, clarifying the strategic positioning of different innovation entities in the innovation chain, and building an innovation ecology of complementary advantages and collaborative tackling of key problems, can the endogenous motivation and innovation vitality of all types of entities be fully stimulated.

企业、高校、科研院所等创新主体的发展，是国家创新体系整体效能提升的重要引擎。习近平总书记指出：“要优化和强化技术创新体系顶层设计，明确企业、高校、科研院所创新主体在创新链不同环节的功能定位，激发各类主体创新激情和活力。”这一重要论述表明通过科学合理的顶层设计，明确不同创新主体在创新链条中的战略定位，构建优势互补、协同攻关的创新生态，才能充分激发各类主体的内生动力和创新活力。

Strengthen the principal position of enterprises in innovation, and fully leverage their principal role in scientific and technological breakthroughs and the transformation of achievements. As the bridge connecting science and technology with the economy, enterprises are the key hub for promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into actual productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Enterprises are the principal body of innovation and the vital force driving innovation and creation.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2018. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC pointed out, “Strengthen the principal position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation,” [2]2 “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, July 2024. and leverage the principal role of enterprises in R&D investment, scientific and technological breakthroughs, and the application of achievements. Support enterprises in taking the lead in forming innovation consortia and undertaking major national science and technology projects. Encourage enterprises to increase R&D investment and support enterprises in building high-level R&D institutions. Leverage the leading role of leading science and technology enterprises to drive collaborative innovation among small and medium-sized enterprises along the industrial chain, providing inexhaustible enterprise momentum for building a world-leading scientific and technological power.

强化企业创新主体地位，充分发挥其在科技攻关与成果转化中的主体作用。企业作为连接科技与经济的桥梁，是推动科技成果向现实生产力转化的关键枢纽。习近平总书记指出，“企业是创新的主体，是推动创新创造的生力军”。党的二十届三中全会指出，“强化企业科技创新主体地位”，发挥企业在研发投入、科技攻关、成果应用中的主体作用。支持企业牵头组建创新联合体，承担国家重大科技项目。鼓励企业加大研发投入，支持企业建设高水平研发机构。发挥科技领军企业龙头作用，带动产业链上下游中小企业协同创新，为建设世界科技强国提供不竭的企业动力。

Strengthen the foundational support of universities and research institutes, and unblock the value realization chain of industry-university-research integration. As the source of original innovation, the main front of talent cultivation, and the main force of basic innovation, the strength of the basic research and original innovation capabilities of universities and research institutes directly determines the foundation of a country’s scientific and technological innovation. It is necessary to strengthen the main force status and source function of universities and research institutes, systematically optimize the academic innovation ecosystem and governance effectiveness, and build a university innovation system aimed at producing first-class innovative academic achievements and cultivating first-class innovative talents. Focus on scientific and technological transformation, promote universities and research institutes to jointly build new-type R&D institutions with enterprises, and promote the precise alignment of the innovation chain and the industrial chain. By constructing an integrated innovation pattern of industry, university, and research, release the vitality source of knowledge creation in universities and institutes, and generate synergistic effects.

强化高校和科研院所的基础支撑，打通产学研一体化价值实现链条。高校和科研院所作为原始创新策源地、人才培养的主阵地、基础创新的主力军，其基础研究、原始创新能力的强弱，直接决定着国家科技创新的根基。要强化高校和科研院所的主力军地位和策源地功能，系统优化学术创新生态与治理效能，建设能够产生一流创新学术成果和培养一流创新人才为目标的大学创新体系。注重科技转化，推动高校和科研院所与企业共建新型研发机构，促进创新链与产业链精准对接。通过构建产学研一体化创新格局，释放高校院所知识创造的活力源泉，催生协同效应。

Comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system and mechanism, and stimulate the vitality of entities through institutional innovation. As the institutional cornerstone of innovation activities, the science and technology system is a key factor determining the degree of release of innovation vitality, directly related to whether innovation elements can flow efficiently, whether innovation entities can fully release their vitality, and whether the innovation chain can be smoothly connected. Currently, problems existing in the science and technology system, such as poor transformation of achievements and insufficient industry-university-research coordination, seriously constrain the improvement of China’s scientific and technological innovation capabilities, and there is an urgent need to further comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system, enhance the effectiveness of the innovation system, and strive to stimulate innovation vitality.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2018. To comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system, we must adhere to a systematic approach, with the courage to “gnaw on hard bones” and the determination to “break through difficulties,” [4]4 “Gnaw on hard bones” (啃硬骨头) and “break through difficulties” (闯难关) are common Chinese political idioms referring to tackling the most difficult and entrenched problems in reform. touch upon deep-seated contradictions, break through solidified interest barriers, and build a scientific and technological innovation system that meets the requirements of high-quality development. Promote the concentration of innovation resources towards advantageous entities and key fields, strengthen the central-local collaborative innovation mechanism, and build global innovation highlands; improve the allocation and management use mechanism of central fiscal science and technology funds, and improve the management system of central fiscal science and technology plans and professional institutions. Expand the scope of the “lump-sum system” [5]5 “Lump-sum system” (包干制) refers to a funding model where researchers are given a fixed total budget with greater flexibility in how it is spent, rather than being tied to specific line items. for fiscal research project funds, granting scientists greater decision-making power over technical routes, control over funds, and authority over resource allocation.

全面深化科技体制机制改革，以制度创新激发主体活力。科技体制作为创新活动的制度基石，是决定创新活力释放程度的关键性因素，直接关系到创新要素能否高效流动、创新主体能否充分释放活力、创新链条能否顺畅贯通。当前，科技体制中存在的成果转化不畅、产学研协同不足等问题，严重制约了我国科技创新能力的提升，迫切需要进一步全面深化科技体制改革。习近平总书记指出：“要全面深化科技体制改革，提升创新体系效能，着力激发创新活力。”全面深化科技体制改革，必须坚持系统观念，以“啃硬骨头”的勇气和“闯难关”的决心，触及深层次矛盾，突破利益固化藩篱，构建适应高质量发展要求的科技创新制度体系。推动创新资源向优势主体和关键领域集中，强化央地协同创新机制，打造全球创新高地；完善中央财政科技经费分配和管理使用机制，健全中央财政科技计划执行和专业机构管理体制。扩大财政科研项目经费“包干制”范围，赋予科学家更大的技术路线决定权、经费支配权、资源调度权。

IV. Improving the national innovation system requires sustained efforts in strengthening basic research and enhancing original innovation capabilities

四、完善国家创新体系要在加强基础研究、提高原始创新能力上持续用力

Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system, and its depth and breadth determine the potential and stamina of a country’s scientific and technological development. Strengthening basic research is crucial for enhancing China’s original innovation capabilities and improving the national innovation system. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “possessing strong basic research and original innovation capabilities, and continuously producing major original and subversive scientific and technological achievements” [6]6 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Science and Technology, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2021. is one of the basic elements for building a strong scientific and technological power, and requires “sustained efforts in strengthening basic research and enhancing original innovation capabilities.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Science and Technology, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2021. This clarifies the strategic leading position and fundamental supporting role of basic research and original innovation capabilities, providing a fundamental guideline for advancing the construction of a strong scientific and technological power.

基础研究是整个科学体系的源头，其深度和广度决定着一个国家科技发展的潜力和后劲。加强基础研究，对于提升我国原始创新能力、完善国家创新体系至关重要。习近平总书记强调“拥有强大的基础研究和原始创新能力，持续产出重大原创性、颠覆性科技成果” 是建成科技强国的基本要素之一，要求“在加强基础研究、提高原始创新能力上持续用力”。这阐明了基础研究和原始创新能力的战略先导地位和根本支撑作用，为推进科技强国建设提供了根本遵循。

Guided by national strategic needs and supported by diversified investment, focus on breakthroughs in basic research. Only by achieving breakthroughs in basic research can solid theoretical support be provided for technological innovation, thereby promoting the scientific and technological enterprise to occupy a place at the world’s scientific and technological frontiers. Basic research should be guided by national strategic needs, closely integrated with major national strategic needs, target the world’s scientific and technological frontiers, and determine key research directions and fields. At present, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, carry out original and leading basic research in key technology fields, and strive to produce a batch of major original achievements; in major fields related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, such as energy, resources, and the environment, strengthen applied basic research to effectively promote China’s high-quality economic and social development; by rationally laying out the direction of basic research, make China’s basic research more focused on major national strategic needs, and continuously improve the pertinence and effectiveness of basic research. At the same time, a new pattern of sustained, stable, diversified, and collaborative basic research investment should be constructed. On the basis of continuously increasing national fiscal investment, actively innovate systems and mechanisms to encourage all sectors of society to increase basic research investment, forming a joint force of the whole society.

以国家战略需求为牵引、多元投入为支撑，聚力基础研究突破。只有在基础研究中取得突破，才能为技术创新提供坚实理论支撑，从而推动科技事业在世界科技前沿占据一席之地。基础研究应以国家战略需求为牵引，紧密结合国家重大战略需求，瞄准世界科技前沿，确定重点研究方向和领域。当下，应加强基础学科建设，在关键技术领域开展原创性、引领性的基础研究，力争产出一批重大原创成果；在能源、资源、环境等关系国计民生的重大领域，加强应用基础研究，有效推动我国经济社会高质量发展；通过合理布局基础研究方向，使我国的基础研究更加聚焦国家重大战略需求，持续提高基础研究的针对性和实效性。同时，应构建持续稳定、多元协同的基础研究投入新格局，在持续加大国家财政投入力度的基础上，积极创新体制机制，激励社会各界增加基础研究投入，形成全社会合力。

Improve the mechanism for cultivating innovative talents and enhance original innovation capabilities. Talent is the first resource for innovation and a key factor in improving original innovation capabilities. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Progress in areas such as the reform of research institutes, the establishment of a mechanism for integrating science and technology with finance, and the cultivation of innovative talents lags behind overall progress, and the enthusiasm of scientific researchers to carry out original scientific and technological innovation has not been fully stimulated.” [8]8 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2018. To improve the mechanism for cultivating innovative talents, it is necessary to formulate targeted talent training plans, optimize the setting of basic disciplines and specialties, strengthen the construction of basic disciplines, and cultivate a group of strategic scientific and technological talents, leading scientific and technological talents, and innovation teams with international standards; accelerate the improvement of the scientific research management system, simplify the process of applying for and approving scientific research projects, and grant scientific researchers greater autonomy; establish a scientific and reasonable scientific research evaluation mechanism to guide scientific researchers to pay more attention to basic research; establish and improve a talent flow mechanism to promote the rational flow of talents between universities, research institutions, and enterprises; increase the training of young scientific and technological talents, increase financial support for basic research, and establish a stable fiscal investment growth mechanism so that scientific researchers can focus on basic research work.

完善创新型人才培养机制，提升原始创新能力。人才是创新的第一资源，是提高原始创新能力的关键因素。习近平总书记指出，“科研院所改革、建立健全科技和金融结合机制、创新型人才培养等领域的进展滞后于总体进展，科研人员开展原创性科技创新的积极性还没有充分激发出来”。完善创新型人才培养机制，应制定针对性的人才培养计划，优化基础学科专业设置、加强基础学科建设，培养造就一批具有国际水平的战略科技人才、科技领军人才和创新团队；加快完善科研管理体制，简化科研项目申报和审批流程，赋予科研人员更大自主权；建立科学合理的科研评价机制，引导科研人员更加注重基础研究；建立健全人才流动机制，促进人才在高校、科研机构和企业之间的合理流动；加大对青年科技人才的培养力度，加大对基础研究的财政支持力度，建立稳定的财政投入增长机制，使科研人员能够专注于基础研究工作。

V. Improving the national innovation system requires urgent efforts in making breakthroughs in key core technologies and cutting-edge technologies

五、完善国家创新体系要在突破关键核心技术、前沿技术上抓紧攻关

Key core technologies and cutting-edge technologies are the key support of the national innovation system. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized “urgent efforts in making breakthroughs in key core technologies and cutting-edge technologies,” [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Science and Technology, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2021. and pointed out that “it is necessary to strengthen strategic planning and systematic layout, adhere to the guidance of national strategic goals, target several key areas and major tasks related to China’s industry, economy, and national security, clarify the main direction and core technology breakthrough points, and focus on R&D of key technologies with first-mover advantages and basic cutting-edge technologies that lead future development.” [10]10 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Science and Technology, the 15th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the 10th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2021. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition points the direction for making breakthroughs in key core technologies and cutting-edge technologies.

关键核心技术、前沿技术是国家创新体系的关键支撑。习近平总书记强调“在突破关键核心技术、前沿技术上抓紧攻关”，并指出“要加强战略谋划和系统布局，坚持国家战略目标导向，瞄准事关我国产业、经济和国家安全的若干重点领域及重大任务，明确主攻方向和核心技术突破口，重点研发具有先发优势的关键技术和引领未来发展的基础前沿技术”。习近平总书记的重要论述为突破关键核心技术、前沿技术指明了方向。

Adhere to forward-looking layout and seize the strategic commanding heights of cutting-edge technologies. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must grasp the general trend, seize opportunities, face problems head-on, meet difficulties, target the world’s scientific and technological frontiers, lead the direction of scientific and technological development, shoulder the historical responsibility entrusted to us, and bravely become the vanguard of scientific and technological innovation in the New Era.” [11]11 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the 19th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the 14th Academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,” May 28, 2018. In recent years, the global scientific and technological revolution has accelerated, with continuous breakthroughs in cutting-edge fields such as quantum information, artificial intelligence, and life sciences. It is necessary to concentrate efforts on overcoming a batch of forward-looking and strategic cutting-edge technologies. Strengthen cross-field integrated innovation and expand the boundaries of technology application. Promote the deep integration of the internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and the real economy, promote the deep integration of information technology with traditional industries, and through digital transformation, enhance the production efficiency and product quality of traditional industries. Actively develop emerging industries, lay out future industries in advance, and lead and support the construction of a modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation.

坚持前瞻性布局，抢占前沿技术战略制高点。习近平总书记强调：“要把握大势、抢占先机，直面问题、迎难而上，瞄准世界科技前沿，引领科技发展方向，肩负起历史赋予的重任，勇做新时代科技创新的排头兵。”近年来，全球科技革命加速演进，量子信息、人工智能、生命科学等前沿领域不断取得突破。要集中力量攻克一批具有前瞻性、战略性的前沿技术。加强跨领域融合创新，拓展技术应用边界。推动互联网、大数据、人工智能和实体经济深度融合，推动信息技术与传统产业的深度融合，通过数字化转型，提升传统产业的生产效率和产品质量。积极发展新兴产业、超前布局未来产业，以科技创新引领和支撑现代化产业体系建设。

Strengthen international cooperation to achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies and cutting-edge technologies. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “At present, as a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation deepens, humanity needs international cooperation and open sharing more than ever before to solve common development challenges.” [12]12 Xi Jinping, “Address at the 2023 Zhongguancun Forum,” *People’s Daily*, May 26, 2023. No country can solve global scientific and technological challenges in isolation. It is necessary to form an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness, break down technological monopolies and blockades, and promote the global sharing of scientific and technological achievements. Strengthen international scientific and technological cooperation, actively integrate into the global innovation system, make good use of global innovation resources, draw on the advanced experience of global scientific and technological innovation, carry out international cooperative research on major scientific and technological projects, and implement a more open, inclusive, mutually beneficial and shared international scientific and technological cooperation strategy. Give full play to the platform role of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, broaden channels for scientific and technological cooperation, build a new pattern of mutually beneficial and win-win international scientific and technological cooperation, and enhance China’s voice and influence in global scientific and technological innovation.

加强国际合作，突破关键核心技术和前沿技术。习近平总书记指出，“当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，人类要破解共同发展难题，比以往任何时候都更需要国际合作和开放共享”。任何一个国家都不可能孤立地解决全球性科技挑战。要形成具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态，打破技术垄断和封锁，促进科技成果全球共享。加强国际科技合作，积极主动融入全球创新体系，用好全球创新资源，借鉴全球科技创新的先进经验，开展重大科技项目的国际合作研究，实施更加开放包容、互惠共享的国际科技合作战略。充分发挥高质量共建“一带一路”平台作用，拓宽科技合作渠道，构建互利共赢的国际科技合作新格局，提升我国在全球科技创新中的话语权和影响力。

(The author is Secretary of the Party Committee and Professor of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics)

（作者系江西财经大学党委书记、教授）

Online editor: Ma Jingren

网络编辑：马京仁