Several Important Issues in the Construction of the Discipline of Marxist Theory in the New Era

The discipline of Marxist theory is a foundational and strategic discipline within the system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. Strengthening the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory is a major, systematic, and long-term project concerning national ideological security, the Party’s theoretical innovation, and the cultivation of national talent. Since the Ministry of Education established the discipline of ideological and political education in 1984, and especially since the Party Central Committee proposed and launched the “Implementation of the Marxist Theory Research and Development Project” in 2004 and established Marxist theory as a first-level discipline in 2005, the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory has achieved considerable development. Entering the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Party Central Committee has attached great importance to the research and development of Marxist theory, emphasizing the need to uphold the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological domain, and to fully implement the guidance of Marxism in all aspects of ideological and theoretical construction, philosophy and social science research, and education and teaching. The construction of the discipline of Marxist theory has achieved a series of important accomplishments, becoming an important vehicle for consolidating the ideological front, advancing theoretical innovation, and cultivating new talents of the era. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, emphasizes: “Innovate the Marxist Theory Research and Development Project, implement the philosophy and social science innovation project, and construct an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.” On the new journey, it is necessary to base ourselves on the general trends of human development, the frontiers of science and technology, national strategic needs, and the developmental requirements of the discipline. With a high degree of disciplinary construction consciousness and academic development confidence, we must promote the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory, fully demonstrate the unique value of the discipline of Marxist theory in constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences, and systematically construct the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system of Marxist theory.

马克思主义理论学科是中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系中的基础性学科、战略性学科，加强马克思主义理论学科建设是一项关乎国家意识形态安全、党的理论创新和国家人才培养的重大工程、系统工程、长期工程。1984年教育部设立思想政治教育学科以来，特别是2004年党中央提出并启动“实施马克思主义理论研究和建设工程”和2005年设立马克思主义理论一级学科以来，马克思主义理论学科建设取得了长足发展。进入中国特色社会主义新时代，党中央高度重视马克思主义理论研究和建设工作，强调要坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度，把坚持以马克思主义为指导全面落实到思想理论建设、哲学社会科学研究、教育教学各方面，马克思主义理论学科建设取得了一系列重要成就，成为巩固意识形态阵地、推进理论创新、培养时代新人的重要载体。党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》强调，“创新马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，实施哲学社会科学创新工程，构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系”。新征程上，要立足人类发展大势、科技发展前沿、国家战略需求和学科发展需要，以高度的学科建设自觉和学术发展自信，推动马克思主义理论学科建设，充分彰显马克思主义理论学科在中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系构建中的独特价值，系统构建马克思主义理论的学科体系、学术体系、话语体系。

I. The Basic Positioning of the Discipline of Marxist Theory

一、马克思主义理论学科基本定位

1. The Essential Attributes of the Discipline of Marxist Theory

1.马克思主义理论学科的本质属性

Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for building the Party and the country, and for rejuvenating the Party and the country. Strengthening the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory has overall, fundamental, and strategic significance. The discipline of Marxist theory is a discipline that conducts holistic research on Marxism, possessing both disciplinary attributes and political attributes, embodying the disciplinary characteristics of the unity of scientificity, people-centeredness, and practicality. It is an important support for defending and consolidating the main front of socialist ideology, and it must perform both academic and ideological functions. Scientificity is reflected in the fact that the discipline of Marxist theory takes the scientific system of thought as its research object and advances theoretical research and disciplinary construction with a scientific standpoint, viewpoint, and method, always placing the systematic and theoretical research of Marxism in an important position. On June 30, 2023, Xi Jinping pointed out during the sixth collective study session of the 20th Politburo: “Promoting the systematization and theorization of theory is an inherent requirement and an important pathway for theoretical innovation. The reason Marxism has such a profound influence lies in its use of deep scholarly principles to reveal the truth of the development of human society and its use of a complete system to demonstrate the scientificity of its theory. Marx once said his works were an artistic whole, and Lenin also stated that Marxist philosophy is a single block of steel. Engels wrote works such as ‘Socialism: Utopian and Scientific,’ systematically expounding the basic principles of Marxism, scientifically demonstrating the inherent unity among the three components of Marxism, defending and developing the scientificity of Marxism with deep scholarly principles, and using a complete system to avoid and correct the fragmentation and vulgarization of Marxism. This fully demonstrates the importance of systematization and theorization for upholding and developing Marxism.” People-centeredness is the essential attribute of Marxism and a significant hallmark distinguishing the Marxist political party from other political parties. The Party’s ideological theory is a theory that comes from the people, takes root among the people, serves the people, and benefits the people. The people’s creative practice is the inexhaustible source of theoretical innovation and the sole criterion for testing truth. People-centeredness in the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory requires us to always be people-centered, adhere to “doing scholarship for the people,” emphasize that research must be based on the great practice of the people, and that papers must be written on the land of the motherland and in the hearts of the people. Practicality in the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory requires us to always focus on the practical transformation of theoretical value and the theoretical sublimation of practical experience. It not only emphasizes that practice is the sole criterion for testing truth but also emphasizes advancing theoretical development through practice. The practical transformation of theoretical value requires Marxist theory workers to be adept at grasping the ideological value of the Party’s innovative theories through in-depth academic research, and then using popular discourse to make theory “fly into the homes of ordinary people.” The theoretical sublimation of practical experience requires us to be adept at taking China’s practical development as our reference and the actual changes of the times as our reference, and on the basis of summarizing the experience of solving Chinese and world problems, form scientific theories.

马克思主义是我们立党立国、兴党兴国的根本指导思想，加强马克思主义理论学科建设具有全局性、根本性、战略性意义。马克思主义理论学科是对马克思主义进行整体性研究的学科，兼具学科属性和政治属性，体现了科学性、人民性与实践性相统一的学科特质，是捍卫和巩固社会主义意识形态主阵地的重要支撑，既要发挥学术功能，也要发挥意识形态功能。科学性体现在马克思主义理论学科以科学思想体系为研究对象并以科学的立场观点方法推进理论研究和学科建设，始终把马克思主义的体系化学理化研究放在重要地位。2023年6月30日，习近平在二十届中央政治局第六次集体学习时指出：“推进理论的体系化学理化，是理论创新的内在要求和重要途径。马克思主义之所以影响深远，在于其以深刻的学理揭示人类社会发展的真理性、以完备的体系论证其理论的科学性。马克思曾说他的著作是一个艺术的整体，列宁也说过马克思主义哲学是一块整钢。恩格斯撰写《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》等论著，系统阐发马克思主义基本原理，科学论证了马克思主义三个组成部分之间的内在统一性，以深刻的学理捍卫并发展了马克思主义的科学性，以完备的体系避免和修正了对马克思主义的片段化、庸俗化。这充分说明了体系化和学理化对坚持和发展马克思主义的重要性。”人民性是马克思主义的本质属性，是马克思主义政党区别于其他政党的显著标志。党的思想理论是来自人民、扎根人民、为了人民、造福人民的理论，人民的创造性实践是理论创新的不竭源泉，也是检验真理的唯一标准。人民性体现在马克思主义理论学科建设中就要求我们始终以人民为中心、坚持“为人民做学问”，强调研究要立足人民伟大实践，论文要写在祖国大地上、人民心坎中。实践性体现在马克思主义理论学科建设中，就要求我们始终注重理论价值的实践转化和实践经验的理论升华，不仅强调实践是检验真理的唯一标准，还强调通过实践推进理论的发展。理论价值的实践转化就要求马克思主义理论工作者要善于通过深入的学术研究，掌握党的创新理论的思想价值，之后用通俗的话语使理论“飞入寻常百姓家”。实践经验的理论升华则要求我们善于以中国实践发展为观照、以时代变革实际为观照，在总结解决中国问题和世界问题经验的基础上，形成科学的理论。

2. The Important Missions of the Discipline of Marxist Theory

2.马克思主义理论学科的重要使命

First, to play an overarching role. As a first-level discipline, the discipline of Marxist theory holds a guiding position in philosophy and social sciences. It not only has a direct commanding role over related second-level disciplines but also performs a “soul-forging” function within the entire system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, playing a key role in constructing the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.

其一，发挥统摄性作用。马克思主义理论学科作为一级学科，在哲学社会科学中具有指导地位，不仅对相关二级学科具有直接统领性作用，而且在整个中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系中具有“铸魂”功能，对于构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系具有关键作用。

Second, to play a leading role. This is reflected in the fact that the discipline of Marxist theory provides the basic standpoint, correct viewpoint, and scientific method for integrating the resources of Marxism, the resources of fine traditional Chinese culture, and the resources of foreign philosophy and social sciences. Marxism and its theoretical achievements in adapting to the Chinese context and the needs of the times play a leading role in disciplinary construction.

其二，发挥引领性作用。这体现在马克思主义理论学科为融通马克思主义的资源、中华优秀传统文化的资源、国外哲学社会科学的资源等提供了基本立场、正确观点、科学方法，马克思主义及其中国化时代化的理论成果在学科建设中发挥着引领作用。

Third, to play a shaping role. The discipline of Marxist theory can integrate and influence the research paradigms of other philosophy and social sciences, guiding people’s worldview, outlook on life, and values. Fourth, to play a combative role. The construction of the discipline of Marxist theory is an important component of ideological work, playing an irreplaceable role in “distinguishing issues of political principle, issues of ideological understanding, and issues of academic viewpoint, and clearly opposing and resisting various erroneous viewpoints.” It is necessary to use the profound scholarly nature of Marxism to identify and refute various overt and covert anti-Marxist trends of thought.

其三，发挥塑造性作用。马克思主义理论学科能够融合和影响其他哲学社会科学的研究范式，引领人们的世界观、人生观和价值观。其四，发挥斗争性作用。马克思主义理论学科建设是意识形态工作的重要组成部分，在“区分政治原则问题、思想认识问题、学术观点问题，旗帜鲜明反对和抵制各种错误观点”中发挥着不可替代的作用。要用马克思主义深刻的学理性来辨识、驳斥各种公开的和隐形的反马克思主义的思潮。

3. The Construction Principles of the Discipline of Marxist Theory

3.马克思主义理论学科的建设原则

Since the establishment of the discipline of Marxist theory, the scale of the discipline has expanded in an orderly manner, scientific research results have been significant, the teaching effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses has markedly improved, the quality of the teaching faculty and the level of talent cultivation have continuously risen, and the construction of the academic community has achieved important results. One extremely important factor is the consistent adherence to the guiding principles and value orientation of the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory. From a direct orientation perspective, the discipline of Marxist theory always takes serving the Party’s ideological and theoretical construction and the education and teaching of ideological and political theory courses as its basic tasks. It always follows the laws of the development of Marxist theory, the laws of the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory, and the laws of the education and teaching of ideological and political theory courses. It not only focuses on the holistic, systematic, and principled research of Marxism but also on the nationalization, modernization, originality, and structural research of Marxism. At the same time, it establishes an integration mechanism for ideological and theoretical construction, the education and teaching of ideological and political theory courses, and disciplinary construction, thereby becoming a superior discipline in the field of philosophy and social sciences in our country.

马克思主义理论学科自设立以来，学科规模有序拓展，科研成果显著，思想政治理论课教学效果明显提高，教师队伍素质和人才培养质量不断提升，学术共同体建设取得重要成效，其中一个极为重要的因素就是始终坚持马克思主义理论学科建设的指导原则与价值取向。马克思主义理论学科从直接指向上来看，始终以服务党的思想理论建设和思想政治理论课教育教学为基本任务，始终遵循马克思主义理论发展规律、马克思主义理论学科建设规律和思想政治理论课教育教学规律，既注重马克思主义的整体性、体系性、原理性研究，也注重马克思主义的民族化、时代化和原创性、结构性研究，同时建立起思想理论建设、思想政治理论课教育教学、学科建设的融合机制，从而成为我国哲学社会科学领域的优势学科。

II. The Construction of the Disciplinary System of Marxist Theory

二、马克思主义理论学科体系建设

1. Structural Optimization of the Disciplinary System

1.学科体系的结构性优化

As our understanding of the laws of disciplinary development has deepened, in 2005 the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education issued the “Notice on Adjusting and Adding the First-Level Discipline of Marxist Theory and Its Subordinate Second-Level Disciplines,” deciding to establish the first-level discipline of Marxist theory and corresponding second-level disciplines. Based on the laws of disciplinary development, the characteristics of academic research, and the needs of social development, the second-level disciplines have been continuously improved, forming a disciplinary system of Marxist theory that includes: basic principles of Marxism, history of Marxist development, study of the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context, study of Marxism abroad, ideological and political education, and study of basic problems in modern and contemporary Chinese history. These second-level disciplines complement each other and integrate organically, and together with the history and building of the Communist Party of China, Marxist philosophy under the first-level discipline of philosophy, political economy under the first-level discipline of theoretical economics, and scientific socialism and the international communist movement under the first-level discipline of political science, they form a relatively complete disciplinary system and disciplinary cluster. The “Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Philosophy and Social Sciences with Chinese Characteristics” proposes to uphold the guiding role of Marxism in the field of philosophy and social sciences and accelerate the construction of a disciplinary system for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. Measured against this requirement, we see that there are still certain structural problems in the construction of the disciplinary system and disciplinary cluster. For example: the development of second-level disciplines in terms of academic system, discourse system, and talent teams is very uneven; the coherence between second-level disciplines is insufficient, even leading to a situation of fragmented research. On the new journey, we must adhere to a systematic approach, improve disciplinary evaluation standards and quality monitoring systems, strengthen the assessment of disciplinary operational mechanisms and their effectiveness, break through the fixed mindset of traditional disciplinary divisions, further build a disciplinary system with a reasonable structure, coordinated mechanisms, and mutual complementarity and integration, highlight the synergistic effects between second-level disciplines, and enable a “chemical reaction” between the various disciplines.

随着我们对学科发展规律认识的深化，2005年，国务院学位委员会、教育部发布《关于调整增设马克思主义理论一级学科及所属二级学科的通知》，决定设立马克思主义理论一级学科和相应二级学科，并基于学科发展规律、学术研究特点、社会发展需要不断完善了二级学科，形成了包括马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义发展史、马克思主义中国化研究、国外马克思主义研究、思想政治教育和中国近现代史基本问题研究等在内的马克思主义理论学科体系。这些二级学科相辅相成、有机融合，并与中共党史党建学、哲学一级学科所属的马克思主义哲学、理论经济学一级学科所属的政治经济学、政治学一级学科所属的科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动等一起，构建起相对完善的学科体系和学科群。《关于加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学的意见》提出，要坚持马克思主义在哲学社会科学领域的指导地位，加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系。对照这一要求，我们看到学科体系和学科群建设还存在着一定的结构性问题，例如：二级学科在学术体系、话语体系、人才队伍等方面发展是很不平衡的；二级学科之间的贯通性不够，甚至形成碎片化研究的局面。新征程上，要坚持系统观念，完善学科评价标准与质量监控体系，加强对学科运行机制及其成效的评估，突破传统学科划分的思维定式，进一步构建结构合理、机制协同、互补互融的学科体系，凸显二级学科之间的协同效应，使各门学科之间能够产生“化学反应”。

2. The Contemporary Expansion of Research Directions

2.研究方向的时代化拓展

On the one hand, research directions of the discipline must be refined. The disciplinary system of Marxist theory has created many research directions in the process of its construction and development. However, with the transformation of China’s principal social contradiction, new changes in the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism, and changes in the discipline’s ability to respond to practical problems, some existing research directions have become disconnected from economic and social development. This is manifested as: either being detached from the trends of the times, engaging in self-referential talk within academic circles; or being unable to respond to the needs of practical development, offering feeble answers to practical problems. These research directions must be adjusted in a timely manner according to the circumstances, especially focusing on solving problems such as disciplinary points being “many but not strong” and homogenization of research. On the other hand, research fields of the discipline must be expanded. For the construction of disciplinary research directions, we must adhere to the methodology of “both breaking and establishing” [n]. On the basis of adjusting the existing pattern of research directions, new research directions and fields should be created, especially paying further attention to frontier breakthroughs in basic theoretical research, forward-looking layout of applied countermeasure research, and innovative paths for interdisciplinary research.

一方面，要凝练学科研究方向。马克思主义理论学科体系在构建和发展过程中创设了诸多的研究方向，但随着我国社会主要矛盾的转化、社会主义初级阶段基本国情的新变化、学科回应现实问题能力的变化，一些既有的研究方向与经济社会发展出现了脱节，体现为：或脱离时代发展潮流，在学术圈子里自说自话；或难以回应现实发展需要，对现实问题的回答苍白无力。对这些研究方向就要进行因时制宜的调整，尤其是要重点解决学科点“多而不强”、研究同质化等问题。另一方面，要开拓学科研究领域。对于学科研究方向建设要坚持“破立并举”的方法论，在调整既有研究方向格局的基础上创设新的研究方向、研究领域，尤其是要进一步关注基础理论研究的前沿突破、应用对策研究的前瞻布局以及交叉学科研究的创新路径等。

3. Interdisciplinary Integration and Innovative Development

3.学科交叉融合创新发展

Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: “Original breakthroughs in information, life, manufacturing, energy, space, oceans, etc., provide more sources of innovation for frontier technologies and disruptive technologies. Disciplines, science and technology, technologies, natural sciences and humanities and social sciences are increasingly showing a trend of cross-integration. Science and technology have never before so profoundly affected the future and destiny of the country as they do today, and have never before so profoundly affected the well-being of the people as they do today.” Breaking down barriers between disciplines, leveraging the advantages of disciplinary integration, and discovering, analyzing, researching, and solving problems from a multidisciplinary perspective are inevitable requirements for the academic development of contemporary disciplines. Promoting the cross-integration of the discipline of Marxist theory with disciplines such as the history and building of the Communist Party of China, discipline inspection and supervision, as well as economics, political science, and sociology, is also an inherent need for the continuous improvement of the disciplinary system of Marxist theory. In recent years, the Party and the state have attached great importance to reshaping the disciplinary system in line with the trends of the times. The promulgated “Implementation Measures for Coordinately Promoting the Construction of World-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines (Interim)” clearly states: “Encourage emerging disciplines and interdisciplinary disciplines,” “Face the major strategic needs of the country, face the main battlefield of the economy and society, face the frontiers of world science and technology development, highlight the quality and efficiency of construction, social contribution and international influence, and highlight interdisciplinary integration and collaborative innovation.” The “Opinions on Accelerating the Reform of Graduate Education in the New Era” issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance further requires “establishing an emerging interdisciplinary category and supporting the development of strategic emerging disciplines.” The “Catalogue of Disciplines and Specialties for Graduate Education (2022)” issued by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education innovatively sets up the “Interdisciplinary” category, which has become the 14th disciplinary category in China’s disciplinary system. The discipline of Marxist theory has also conducted in-depth exploration in interdisciplinary integration. For example, the University of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has established the second-level discipline of “Chinese Studies,” connecting the discipline of Marxist theory with disciplines such as philosophy, history, political science, and communication studies, committed to building a disciplinary cluster of Marxist theory. It must be deeply recognized that the discipline of Marxist theory has its own unique advantages in interdisciplinary integration: first, advantages in terms of standpoint, viewpoint, and method, capable of using a scientific worldview and methodology to consolidate the foundations of other disciplines; second, a broad perspective for raising and solving problems, capable of starting from frontier issues and essential problems to do a good job in scientific research in interdisciplinary fields.

习近平深刻指出：“信息、生命、制造、能源、空间、海洋等的原创突破为前沿技术、颠覆性技术提供了更多创新源泉，学科之间、科学和技术之间、技术之间、自然科学和人文社会科学之间日益呈现交叉融合趋势，科学技术从来没有像今天这样深刻影响着国家前途命运，从来没有像今天这样深刻影响着人民生活福祉。”打破学科之间壁垒、发挥学科融合优势，从多学科视域发现问题、分析问题、研究问题、解决问题，是当代学科学术发展的必然要求。推动马克思主义理论学科与中共党史党建学、纪检监察学以及经济学、政治学、社会学等学科进行交叉融合，也是接续完善马克思主义理论学科体系的内在需要。近年来，党和国家高度重视顺应时代潮流重塑学科体系，颁布的《统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设实施办法（暂行）》明确提出，“鼓励新兴学科、交叉学科”，“面向国家重大战略需求，面向经济社会主战场，面向世界科技发展前沿，突出建设的质量效益、社会贡献度和国际影响力，突出学科交叉融合和协同创新”。教育部、国家发展改革委、财政部印发的《关于加快新时代研究生教育改革发展的意见》，进一步要求“设立新兴交叉学科门类，支持战略性新兴学科发展”。国务院学位委员会、教育部印发的《研究生教育学科专业目录（2022年）》，创新设置“交叉学科”门类，这也成为我国学科体系中的第14个学科门类。马克思主义理论学科也在学科交叉融合方面进行了深入探索，比如，中国社会科学院大学设立“中国学”二级学科，将马克思主义理论学科与哲学、历史学、政治学、传播学等学科进行贯通，致力于打造马克思主义理论学科群。要深刻认识到，马克思主义理论学科在学科交叉融合方面有自己独到的优势：一是立场观点方法方面的优势，能够用科学的世界观和方法论来巩固其他学科根基；二是提出问题、解决问题的视域广阔，能够从前沿问题和本质问题入手做好交叉学科的科研工作。

III. Construction of the Knowledge System of the Discipline of Marxist Theory

三、马克思主义理论学科知识体系构建

1. Construction of the Knowledge System of Basic Marxist Theory

1.马克思主义基本理论知识体系的构建

Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, “Possessing the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is the fundamental basis for our Party to firmly believe in its ideals and convictions and to grasp the historical initiative,” and “Adhering to the guidance of Marxism is the fundamental hallmark that distinguishes contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences from other philosophy and social sciences.” This clarifies the decisive significance of adhering to Marxism for the development of the Party’s and the country’s undertakings, especially for the development of China’s philosophy and social sciences. In the New Era, how to understand Marxism and how to use Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods to solve China’s practical problems are major issues that Chinese Communists must continue to answer. The development of the Marxist theory discipline is not only a theoretical summary of practice and historical experience but also a deep exploration for continuously advancing theoretical innovation. The knowledge system of the Marxist theory discipline is the core component of the independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences, and it plays a leading role in the construction of the knowledge systems of other disciplines. Fundamentally, this is determined by the characteristics of Marxism, such as its scientific nature, people-centered nature, and practical nature. Marxism provides a scientific worldview and methodological foundation for the development of Chinese philosophy and social sciences, ensuring that the construction of the knowledge systems of various disciplines is always based on the worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, thereby demonstrating the dialectical unity of scientificity and value. To construct a basic Marxist theoretical knowledge system, on the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the textual study of Marxist classics, improve and develop the interpretive system of basic Marxist concepts, categories, and principles, and comprehensively present the historical picture and theoretical lineage of Marxist development. Emphasis should be placed on using analytical technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to deeply advance the textual criticism and contextual analysis of Marxist classics, thereby effectively enhancing the systematicity and scientificity of textual research. In particular, more systematic and comprehensive research should be conducted on some weak points in the history of Marxist development. For example, how to understand the “two thorough ruptures” [2]2 The “two thorough ruptures” (两个彻底决裂) refers to the propositions in the *Communist Manifesto*: the communist revolution involves the most radical rupture with traditional property relations and the most radical rupture with traditional ideas. proposed in the *Communist Manifesto* and its contemporary value; how to understand the “two will nevers” [3]3 The “two will nevers” (两个决不会) refers to Marx’s proposition in the “Preface” to *A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy*: “No social order is ever destroyed before all the productive forces for which it is sufficient have been developed, and new superior relations of production never replace older ones before the material conditions for their existence have matured within the framework of the old society.” proposed by Marx in the “Preface” to *A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy* and to better understand “why capitalism has not completely disappeared to this day, why socialism has experienced twists and turns like the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, and why the communism foreseen by Marx still requires a long historical development to be realized”; how to better understand the logic of capital in *Capital* and better manage capital; how to understand Engels’ proposition in *The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State* that “the state is the summary of civilized society” and to better understand the origin and development process of the five-thousand-year history of Chinese civilization. On the other hand, it is necessary to focus on the contemporary interpretation of Marxist classics, deeply study the enduring ideological value of Marxist classics, pay attention not only to textual study but also to contextual analysis, and also to practical responses. It is necessary to open up the logic of transformation among theoretical topics, practical problems, and academic issues, and to establish methods and pathways for refining theoretical propositions and research topics from concrete practice.

习近平深刻指出，“拥有马克思主义科学理论指导是我们党坚定信仰信念、把握历史主动的根本所在”，“坚持以马克思主义为指导，是当代中国哲学社会科学区别于其他哲学社会科学的根本标志”，这就阐明了坚持马克思主义对于党和国家事业发展，特别是对于中国哲学社会科学事业发展具有的决定性意义。在新时代如何认识马克思主义、如何运用马克思主义立场观点方法解决中国现实问题，是中国共产党人要继续回答的重大课题，马克思主义理论学科的发展既是对实践及历史经验的学理概括，也为接续推进理论创新进行了深度探索。马克思主义理论学科知识体系是中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的核心组成部分，并且对于其他学科知识体系的构建具有引领性作用，究其根本这是由马克思主义的科学性、人民性、实践性等特质所决定的。马克思主义为中国哲学社会科学发展提供了科学的世界观和方法论基础，确保了各个学科知识体系构建始终立足辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观和方法论，从而展现科学性与价值性的辩证统一。构建马克思主义基本理论知识体系，一方面，要加强马克思主义经典著作的文本学研究，完善和发展马克思主义基本概念、范畴、原理的阐释体系，全面展现马克思主义发展的历史图景和理论谱系。注重运用大数据、人工智能等分析技术深入推进马克思主义经典著作的文本考据与语境分析，从而有效提升文本研究的系统性、科学性。特别是对于马克思主义发展史上的一些研究薄弱点进行更为系统全面的研究。例如，如何认识《共产党宣言》中提出的“两个决裂”及其当代价值，如何认识马克思在《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》中提出的“两个决不会”以及更好地理解“为什么资本主义至今没有完全消亡，为什么社会主义还会出现苏联解体、东欧剧变那样的曲折，为什么马克思主义预见的共产主义还需要经过很长的历史发展才能实现”，如何更好地认识《资本论》中资本的逻辑以及更好地驾驭资本，如何认识恩格斯在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》中提出的“国家是文明社会的概括”以及更好地理解中华文明五千年历史的起源及发展进程等。另一方面，要聚焦马克思主义经典著作的当代阐释，深入研究马克思主义经典著作历久弥新的思想价值，既注重文本研读，也注重语境剖析，同时也要注重现实回应。要打通理论课题、现实问题、学术议题之间的转换逻辑，建立从具体实践中提炼理论命题和研究课题的方法路径。

2. Construction of the Knowledge System of Marxism Adapted to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times

2.中国化时代化马克思主义知识体系的构建

Advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is a process of pursuing truth, revealing truth, and practicing truth. In this process, the Communist Party of China has led the people in constructing a knowledge system of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times with distinct Chinese characteristics and contemporary features. Xi Jinping pointed out during the sixth collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee: “The reason why the Communist Party of China can succeed and why socialism with Chinese characteristics works well is ultimately because Marxism works, especially the Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. This is a historical conclusion.” This is the most profound revelation of the historical logic since the founding of the Communist Party of China, clarifying the internal logic among Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, Marxism, the Communist Party of China, and socialism with Chinese characteristics. Continuously enhancing the theoretical consciousness of Chinese Communists, strengthening the theoretical identification of the broad masses of the people, and demonstrating the practical value of innovative theories require the construction of a knowledge system of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. To this end, it is necessary to continuously optimize the academic expression mechanism, theoretical explanation mechanism, and popularization dissemination mechanism of the theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times; scientifically grasp the dialectical relationship between classic basic theories and contemporary practical development; deeply study major issues in the development of Marxism in contemporary China and the contemporary world; deeply study major topics in the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era; deeply study key and difficult issues in the education and teaching of ideological and political theory courses; especially, “focus on new problems encountered in practice, deep-seated problems in reform, development, and stability, problems of urgent concern to the people, major problems in international changes, and prominent problems facing Party building,” and effectively avoid phenomena such as “decentralization” and “de-regularization” caused by fragmented and compartmentalized research. This knowledge system was obtained by the Communist Party of China leading the people through bloody battles and arduous struggles; it was not created behind closed doors by a few people. On March 24, 1964, Mao Zedong talked with Bo Yibo, Li Xiannian, Tan Zhenlin, and others. When discussing the nationwide upsurge in studying Chairman Mao’s works, he said: “Those are all previous works. I would also like to write some things now, but I am old and lack the energy. The *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*—what is mine? This is a work of blood. The things in the *Selected Works* were taught to us by the masses, and they were obtained at the cost of bloodshed and sacrifice.” This knowledge system pays attention to grasping both the mainstream and the tributaries, both theoretical investigation and practical response, both adherence to principles and endogenous innovation, aiming to construct an interpretive system of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times with greater explanatory power, identification power, and appeal.

推进马克思主义中国化时代化是一个追求真理、揭示真理、笃行真理的过程，在这个过程中，中国共产党领导人民构建起了具有鲜明中国特色和时代特色的中国化时代化马克思主义知识体系。习近平在二十届中央政治局第六次集体学习时指出：“中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，归根到底是马克思主义行，是中国化时代化的马克思主义行。这是历史的结论。”这是对中国共产党成立以来历史逻辑最为深刻的揭示，阐明了中国化时代化的马克思主义与马克思主义、中国共产党、中国特色社会主义之间的内在逻辑。不断提升中国共产党人的理论自觉、增强广大人民群众的理论认同、展现创新理论的实践价值，就要求构建中国化时代化的马克思主义知识体系。为此，要不断优化马克思主义中国化时代化理论成果的学术化表达机制、学理性阐释机制、大众化传播机制，科学把握经典基础理论与当代实践发展之间的辩证关系，深入研究马克思主义在当代中国和当代世界发展中的重大问题，深入研究新时代中国特色社会主义理论和实践中的重大课题，深入研究思想政治理论课教育教学中的重点难点议题等，尤其是要“聚焦实践遇到的新问题、改革发展稳定存在的深层次问题、人民群众急难愁盼问题、国际变局中的重大问题、党的建设面临的突出问题”，切实避免因碎片化、割裂化研究而导致的“去中心化”“去规律化”等现象。这个知识体系是中国共产党领导人民浴血奋战、艰苦奋斗得来的，不是少数人闭门造出来的。1964年3月24日，毛泽东同薄一波、李先念、谭震林等谈话。在谈到全国正在掀起一个学习毛主席著作的热潮时，他说：“那都是以前的著作了。现在也很想写一些东西，但是老了，精神不够了。《毛选》，什么是我的？这是血的著作。《毛选》里的这些东西，是群众教给我们的，是付出了流血牺牲的代价的。”这个知识体系既注重把握主流也注重观照支流，既注重理论考察也注重实践回应，既注重原则坚守也注重内生创新，以构建更具解释力、认同力和吸引力的中国化时代化马克思主义阐释体系为指向。

3. Construction of a General and Systematic Disciplinary Knowledge System

3.通识性系统性学科知识体系的构建

In a fundamental sense, Marxist theory is a science that, on the basis of absorbing the essence of human civilization, reveals the objective laws of nature, human society, and human thought. This determines that the knowledge system of the Marxist theory discipline cannot and is not a closed knowledge system, but must pay more attention to the foundational, logical, open, and innovative nature of the knowledge system itself. Based on changes in the world situation, national conditions, and Party conditions, it should form a knowledge structure that both covers core areas and possesses dynamic updating capabilities. To this end, we must not only construct a knowledge system at the level of principles based on the basic theories of Marxism, but also adhere to a problem-oriented approach to construct a knowledge system at the application level. We must also focus on the common logic and underlying logic of human knowledge, break down disciplinary barriers, promote interdisciplinary knowledge integration, and especially pay attention to absorbing and drawing on the research methods and academic paradigms of disciplines such as political science, sociology, history, economics, and anthropology. Based on China’s actual conditions, responding to the needs of the people, and highlighting the spirit of the times, we should build knowledge bridges for dialogue between Marxist theory and other disciplines of philosophy and social sciences, as well as the natural sciences. Furthermore, based on the demands and needs of building a community with a shared future for mankind, we should construct a knowledge system of mutual learning among civilizations to address the common challenges of the era of globalization.

从根本意义上讲，马克思主义理论是在吸纳人类文明精华的基础上，揭示自然界、人类社会和人的思维客观规律的科学。这决定了马克思主义理论学科知识体系不能也不是封闭性的知识体系，而要更加注重知识体系本身的基础性、逻辑性、开放性与创新性，立足世情国情党情的变化形成既覆盖核心领域又具备动态更新能力的知识架构。为此，我们既要从马克思主义基础理论出发构建原理层面的知识体系，也要坚持问题导向构建应用层面的知识体系，还要聚焦人类知识的共同逻辑和底层逻辑，打破学科壁垒，推进跨学科知识整合，尤其是注重吸收借鉴政治学、社会学、历史学、经济学、人类学等学科的研究方法和学术范式，立足中国实际、回应人民需求、彰显时代精神，构建马克思主义理论与哲学社会科学其他学科、自然科学之间对话的知识桥梁，并立足构建人类命运共同体的诉求和需要，构建应对全球化时代共同挑战的文明互鉴知识体系。

4. Construction of Teaching Materials, Courses, and Talent Teams for the Marxist Theory Discipline

四、马克思主义理论学科教材、课程及人才队伍建设

1. Construction of the Teaching Materials System for the Marxist Theory Discipline

1.马克思主义理论学科教材体系建设

“The disciplinary system is inseparable from the textbook system. If the disciplinary system cannot be advanced, the textbook system cannot be advanced; conversely, if the textbook system cannot be advanced, the disciplinary system will lack staying power.” After long-term development, the discipline of Marxist theory has formed a relatively complete textbook system. Relevant textbooks cover the interpretation of classical works, the elucidation of basic principles, the sorting of theoretical innovation achievements, and practical application, providing a foundational condition for deeply advancing the integrated construction of ideological and political education in universities, middle schools, and primary schools. Facing the new situation, we must profoundly grasp the laws of textbook system construction, advance textbook system construction with high quality, deeply study and grasp the Marxist theoretical system, the textbook system, the teaching system, and their interconnections, and form a textbook system for the discipline of Marxist theory that adapts to the trends of the times, reflects the demands of social development, is grounded in the frontiers of international scholarship, and has a sound structural framework. The construction of the disciplinary system should grasp three points: profoundly reflecting the requirements of the Party’s innovative theory—this is the essential requirement of disciplinary system construction; systematically summarizing the achievements and main shortcomings of existing disciplinary construction—this is the primary task of disciplinary construction; scientifically drawing on relevant foreign academic achievements—this is an important aspect of disciplinary construction. Textbook system construction must be based on disciplinary construction, concentrating capable forces and collective wisdom to compile textbooks and readings that have broad knowledge, new research methods, rigorous logical systems, and can be accepted by the broad readership.

“学科体系同教材体系密不可分。学科体系建设上不去，教材体系就上不去；反过来，教材体系上不去，学科体系就没有后劲。”经过长期发展，马克思主义理论学科已经形成了较为完备的教材体系，相关教材覆盖经典著作解读、基本原理阐释、理论创新成果梳理、实践应用等方面，为深入推进大中小学思想政治教育一体化建设提供了基础条件。面对新形势，我们要深刻把握教材体系建设规律，高质量推进教材体系建设，深入研究和把握马克思主义理论体系、教材体系、教学体系及其相互联系，形成适应时代演进潮流、反映社会发展要求、立足国际学术前沿、结构体系健全的马克思主义理论学科教材体系。学科体系建设应当把握三点：深刻反映党的创新理论的要求，这是学科体系建设的本质要求；系统总结已有学科建设的成就及存在的主要不足，这是学科建设的首要任务；科学借鉴国外相关的学术成果，这是学科建设的重要方面。教材体系建设要以学科建设为基础，集中精干力量和集体智慧编写出知识面宽、研究方法新、体系逻辑严密、能够为广大读者所接受的教材读物。

2. Construction of the Curriculum System for the Discipline of Marxist Theory

2.马克思主义理论学科课程体系建设

Xi Jinping points out: “Ideological and political theory courses are the key courses for carrying out the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education [n]; the role of ideological and political theory courses is irreplaceable, and the responsibility of the team of ideological and political theory teachers is immense.” The construction of ideological and political theory courses is an important link and carrier in the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory. Advancing the construction of the curriculum system must adhere to the combination of the “theory of two points” and the “theory of emphasis” [n]; it is necessary to focus on the construction of ideological and political theory courses, grasp key courses and core courses, and improve the core course cluster; it is also necessary to focus on the construction of curriculum-based ideological and political education [n], scientifically construct a practical teaching system, strengthen the development of digital curriculum resources, adjust relevant overlapping curriculum settings, and achieve internal coordination of the curriculum system. At the level of the operational mechanism, attention should be paid to feeding back into disciplinary construction through teaching practice, promoting educational practice with academic research, and advancing disciplinary construction with educational practice. Problems should be discovered, analyzed, and solved in the process of curriculum construction and teaching activities, forming a curriculum optimization mechanism of theoretical innovation, teaching application, and effect feedback, effectively resolving tensions such as those between theoretical logic and teaching logic, the separation of knowledge transmission and value guidance, and the imbalance between stage articulation and level progression. The sequential and structural connection between classical original work study courses and ideological and political theory courses should be strengthened, the organic link between basic disciplinary courses and professional elective courses should be enhanced, and the gradient unity of ideological and political theory courses at different stages should be achieved.

习近平指出：“思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程，思政课作用不可替代，思政课教师队伍责任重大。”思政课建设是马克思主义理论学科建设的重要环节和载体，推进课程体系建设要坚持“两点论”和“重点论”相结合，既要注重思政课程建设，抓关键课程、核心课程，完善核心课程群；也要注重课程思政建设，科学构建实践教学体系，加强数字化课程资源开发，调整相关重合性课程设置，实现课程体系的内在协同。在运行机制层面，要注重通过教学实践反哺学科建设，以学术研究促进教育实践，以教育实践推进学科建设。要在课程建设、教学活动中发现问题、剖析问题、解决问题，形成理论创新、教学应用、效果反馈的课程优化机制，有效解决理论逻辑与教学逻辑张力、知识传授与价值引领割裂、学段衔接与层次递进失衡等问题，加强经典原著研读课程与思政课的时序性、结构性衔接，增进学科基础课与专业选修课的有机联系，实现不同阶段思政课程梯度的有机统一。

3. Construction of the Talent Cultivation System for the Discipline of Marxist Theory

3.马克思主义理论学科人才培养体系建设

The discipline of Marxist theory is a strong support for universities to carry out the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education and to cultivate builders and successors of socialism. Over a long period, from establishing the undergraduate major in ideological and political education, to establishing master’s programs in ideological and political education and master’s programs in Marxist theory education, to establishing doctoral programs in Marxist theory and ideological and political education, and then to establishing first-level discipline master’s and doctoral programs in Marxist theory, the talent cultivation system of the discipline of Marxist theory has been continuously improved. Since the New Era, the Party and the state have “strengthened and improved school ideological and political education, established a mechanism for all-staff, whole-process, all-round education,” actively explored a talent cultivation system for the discipline of Marxist theory that connects undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral levels, and cultivated and produced a large number of teaching and research talents in Marxist theory. In the future, greater emphasis should be placed on problem orientation and demand orientation, better grasping the focal points and key links of talent cultivation from the relationship between talent demand and supply. Talents in this field should have more steadfast beliefs, able to use Marxism to firmly defend the communist ideal; have broader knowledge, able to continuously raise and solve problems; have a more proactive sentiment of doing scholarship for the people, studying and working for the interests of the people.

马克思主义理论学科是高校落实立德树人根本任务、培养社会主义建设者和接班人的强力支撑。长期以来，从设立思想政治教育本科专业，到设立思想政治教育专业硕士点和设立马克思主义理论教育硕士点，到设立马克思主义理论与思想政治教育博士点，再到设立马克思主义理论一级学科硕士点和博士点，不断完善马克思主义理论学科的人才培养体系。新时代以来，党和国家“加强和改进学校思想政治教育，建立全员、全程、全方位育人体制机制”，积极探索马克思主义理论学科本硕博相衔接的人才培养体系，培养造就了大批马克思主义理论教学人才与研究人才。未来，应更加注重问题导向和需求导向，从人才需求与供给的关系中更好把握人才培养的着力点和关键环节。这一领域的人才应该有更加坚定的信仰，能够运用马克思主义坚定捍卫共产主义理想；有更广博的知识，能够不断提出问题、解决问题；有更为主动的为人民做学问的情怀，为人民的利益去学习和工作。

4. Construction of the Teacher Team for the Discipline of Marxist Theory

4.马克思主义理论学科教师队伍建设

“The key to running ideological and political theory courses well lies in the teachers, and lies in unleashing the teachers’ enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity.” The team engaged in Marxist theory research and teaching is the main body of disciplinary construction, and it is necessary to cultivate and produce a number of great Marxist theorists and renowned experts. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [n], the Party and the state have comprehensively strengthened the construction of the ideological and political theory course teacher team, insisting on letting those with faith speak about faith, letting those with patriotic feelings speak about patriotism, and promoting the construction of a team of ideological and political theory course teachers who are politically strong, have deep feelings, new thinking, broad vision, strict self-discipline, and upright personality. This team, possessing feelings for the family and country, feelings for spreading the Way, and feelings of benevolence, actively transmits mainstream ideology, clearly opposes and resists various erroneous ideological trends and words and deeds, and guides the vast number of young people to fasten the first button of their lives [n]. The role of this team is: to enable the vast number of young students to turn the many “knowledge points” they have learned into “ability lines” for solving problems, preventing them from being unable to extricate themselves from the ocean of various concepts, discourses, and new terms; to enable the vast number of young students to master Marxism as a sharp weapon, clearly recognize various erroneous viewpoints, and consciously struggle against them.

“办好思想政治理论课关键在教师，关键在发挥教师的积极性、主动性、创造性”。马克思主义理论研究与教学队伍是学科建设的主体，需培养造就一批马克思主义理论大家和知名专家。党的十八大以来，党和国家全面加强思政课教师队伍建设，坚持让有信仰的人讲信仰，让有爱国情怀的人讲爱国，推动建设一支政治强、情怀深、思维新、视野广、自律严、人格正的思政课教师队伍，让这支有家国情怀、传道情怀、仁爱情怀的队伍积极传导主流意识形态，旗帜鲜明地反对和抵制各种错误思潮和言行，引导广大青年扣好人生第一粒扣子。这支队伍的作用在于：让广大青年学生把了解到的众多“知识点”变成解决问题的“能力线”，防止陷入各种概念、话语、新词的海洋中无法自拔；让广大青年学生掌握马克思主义这一锐利武器，认识清楚各种错误观点，并自觉与之斗争。

V. Construction of the Academic Community for the Discipline of Marxist Theory

五、马克思主义理论学科学术共同体建设

1. Standardized Construction of the Academic Community

1.学术共同体的规范化建设

The standardized construction of the academic community for the discipline of Marxist theory is an inherent requirement of disciplinary development, and also the key to maintaining the ecology of academic development, ensuring the scientific nature of academic research, and enhancing ideological security. In terms of stance and principle, it is necessary to emphasize consistently upholding the guiding position of Marxism and preventing the erosion and infiltration of erroneous ideological trends such as historical nihilism into academic research. In terms of academic ethics, it is necessary to optimize the peer review mechanism for the quality of academic achievements and academic norms, and improve the professional level of peer evaluation. At the same time, it is necessary to fully utilize the achievements of scientific and technological development, especially artificial intelligence technology, to improve the prevention and governance system for academic misconduct. In terms of academic style construction, it is necessary to adhere to the Marxist academic style of integrating theory with practice, strictly abide by the unity of academic research and political stance, oppose dogmatism and pragmatism, correctly handle the relationship between “upholding the right” and “innovation,” and clearly oppose deviating from the fundamental direction for the sake of pursuing novelty.

马克思主义理论学科学术共同体的规范化建设是学科发展的内在要求，也是维护学术发展生态、保障学术研究科学性和增强意识形态安全性的关键。在立场原则上，要强调始终坚持马克思主义指导地位，防范历史虚无主义等错误思潮对学术研究的侵蚀和渗透。在学术伦理上，要优化学术成果质量和学术规范的同行评议机制，提高同行评价的专业化水平。同时，要充分利用科技发展成果尤其是人工智能技术等，完善学术不端行为的预防与治理体系。在学风建设上，要坚持理论联系实际的马克思主义学风，恪守学术研究与政治立场的统一性，反对教条主义和实用主义，正确处理“守正”与“创新”之间的关系，明确反对为追求标新立异而偏离根本方向。

2. Professional Construction of the Academic Community

2.学术共同体的专业化建设

First, it is necessary to conduct a statistical inventory of academic resources in the discipline of Marxist theory, optimize, reshape, scientifically allocate, and effectively transform existing resources, establish a dialogue mechanism for the academic community, build a national disciplinary collaboration platform, and set up a collaboration network for the academic community. Second, it is necessary to innovate research forms, break through limitations in dimensions such as time, space, organization, and mechanism, and explore and promote the model of collaborative research project tackling. Third, it is necessary to optimize and improve the disciplinary evaluation system, fully considering academic evaluation indicators such as academic innovativeness, practical innovativeness, methodological innovativeness, value-leading ability, reality-explaining ability, and social influence, focusing on both immediate evaluation and follow-up evaluation, and establishing a dynamic, periodic evaluation system. Fourth, it is necessary to promote the diversification of achievement forms, incorporating decision-making consultation reports, theoretical propaganda achievements, textbook compilation, and classical works translation into the assessment and evaluation system, enhancing the scientific nature of talent evaluation.

一要进行马克思主义理论学科学术资源的统计摸底，对现有资源进行优化重塑、科学配置、有效转化，建设学术共同体对话机制，构建全国性学科协作平台，搭建学术共同体协作网络。二要创新科研形态，打破时间、空间、组织、机制等维度的限制，探索推广科研项目协同攻关的模式。三要优化和完善学科评价体系，充分考量学术创新性、实践创新性、方法创新性和价值引领力、现实解释力、社会影响力等学术评价指标，既注重即时评估，也注重跟踪评估，建立动态性、周期性的评价体系。四要推进成果形式的多元化，将决策咨询报告、理论宣讲成果、教材编写、经典著作编译等纳入考核评价体系，提升人才评价的科学性。

3. Socialized Construction of the Academic Community

3.学术共同体的社会化建设

The discipline of Marxist theory is not a discipline that remains in speculative deduction; rather, it always resonates at the same frequency with the development of the cause of the Party and the state, and advances in the same direction as the Party’s innovative theory. It is a discipline of reality and practice. This is reflected both in its observation and response to practical problems and in its refinement and summarization of practical experience. On the new journey, continuing to advance the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory requires enhancing the discipline’s ability to respond to reality and its capacity to serve the Party’s long-term governance, the nation’s enduring stability and security, and society’s long-term stability. In particular, attention must be paid to improving the discipline of Marxist theory’s capacity for decision-making consultation services, its capacity for popularizing Marxist theory, its capacity for academic dissemination, etc., establishing channels for integrating theoretical research and countermeasure research, and practically applying the Party’s innovative theory to study and resolve prominent issues related to what development requires, what reform urgently needs, what the grassroots hope for, and what the people’s hearts desire. At the same time, in this process, it is necessary to summarize experience, reveal laws, and sublimate theory.

马克思主义理论学科不是一种停留于思辨演绎的学科，而是始终与党和国家事业的发展同频共振，与党的创新理论同向同行，是一门现实性、实践性学科，这既体现在对实践问题的观照回应，也体现在对实践经验的提炼总结。新征程上，接续推进马克思主义理论学科建设，要增强学科回应现实的能力以及为党的长期执政、国家长治久安、社会长期稳定服务的能力。尤其要注重提升马克思主义理论学科的决策咨询服务能力、马克思主义理论普及能力、学术传播能力等，建立理论研究与对策研究的融合渠道，切实运用党的创新理论研究解决好发展所需、改革所急、基层所盼、民心所向的突出问题，同时在此过程中总结经验、揭示规律、升华理论。

4. Internationalization of the Academic Community

4.学术共同体的国际化建设

First, we must fully leverage the unique advantages of academic platforms in the external dissemination of ideas, optimize and expand the cooperation network of overseas Marxist research institutions, and create more branded international academic conferences. Second, we must “be adept at refining identifying concepts, creating new concepts, new categories, and new expressions that are easily understood and accepted by the international community, and guide the international academic community to conduct research and discussion.” Third, we must strengthen the construction of the international dissemination system for academic discourse, and promote innovation in the overseas dissemination pathways of Chinese Marxist theory. We must focus not only on strengthening theoretical persuasiveness and dissemination effectiveness but also on scholarly elucidation, further opening up the relationships among the academic elucidation system, the narrative discourse system, and the mass communication system. At the same time, we must strengthen dialogue and exchange between Chinese Marxist theory scholars and foreign Marxists, strengthen exchanges between domestic and foreign think tanks, promote overseas Chinese studies, and, through exchange and cooperation, enhance consensus, expand the circle of friends, and increase international discursive power.

一要充分发挥学术平台在理念对外传播中的独特优势，优化拓展海外马克思主义研究机构的合作网络，打造更多的品牌化国际学术会议。二要“善于提炼标识性概念，打造易于为国际社会所理解和接受的新概念、新范畴、新表述，引导国际学术界展开研究和讨论”。三要加强学术话语国际传播体系建设，推进中国马克思主义理论的海外传播路径创新，既要注重强化理论说服力与传播效度，也要注重学理性阐释，进一步打通学术阐释体系、叙事话语体系、大众传播体系之间的关系，同时加强中国马克思主义理论学者与国外马克思主义者的对话交流，加强国内外智库交流，推动海外中国学研究，在交流合作中增进共识、扩大朋友圈、提升国际话语权。

VI. Opportunities and Challenges Facing the Construction of the Discipline of Marxist Theory

六、马克思主义理论学科建设面临的机遇与挑战

The construction of the discipline of Marxist theory faces many opportunities. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great strategic importance to the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory. General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered a series of important speeches on Marxist theoretical research and construction at meetings such as the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences, the National Education Conference, the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities, and the Symposium for Teachers of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools. In 2022, the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out the need to “deeply implement the Project of Marxist Theoretical Research and Construction, accelerate the construction of a Chinese philosophy and social science disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system, and cultivate and strengthen the contingent of philosophy and social science talent.” In 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions on the Project of Marxist Theoretical Research and Construction in the New Era, emphasizing that “the Project of Marxist Theoretical Research and Construction is a foundational project and a strategic project for the Party’s ideological and theoretical construction,” and that “we must adhere to the Two Integrations, take root in China’s soil, continue the Chinese cultural lineage, and deepen the academic foundation; deeply study the major issues in the practice of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization; accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social science; cultivate high-quality theoretical talent; and make greater contributions to adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.” At the same time, to strengthen ideological and political work, the construction of ideological and political theory courses, and the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory, the central authorities and relevant departments have issued a series of documents, including the “Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Work in the New Era,” the “Several Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Innovation of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools in the New Era,” the “Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Marxist Colleges in the New Era,” and the “Standards for the Construction of Marxist Colleges in Ordinary Institutions of Higher Learning.” This provides scientific ideological guidance and an institutional foundation for continuously improving the scientific, standardized, and modernized level of the construction of Marxist colleges, and helps integrate resources to build a strong position for Marxist theory education, teaching, research, propaganda, and talent cultivation. At the level of institutions, policies, and mechanisms, the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory has a solid guarantee. At the same time, in terms of disciplinary resources, the great social revolution since the New Era has provided rich theoretical and practical resources for the development of the discipline of Marxist theory. In terms of disciplinary impetus, against the backdrop of changes unseen in a century, how to handle the relationships between China and the world, between the Party and the state, and between the Party and the people are practical issues that the discipline of Marxist theory urgently needs to resolve, requiring original answers. In terms of disciplinary methods, the innovation in research methods brought about by the information technology revolution provides rare opportunities and valuable conditions for the discipline of Marxist theory to construct its own academic paradigm and methodological system.

马克思主义理论学科建设面临诸多机遇。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央对马克思主义理论学科建设给予了高度的战略性重视，习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会、全国教育大会、全国高校思想政治工作会议、学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会等会议上，围绕马克思主义理论研究和建设发表了一系列重要论述。2022年，党的二十大报告指出，要“深入实施马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，培育壮大哲学社会科学人才队伍”。2024年，习近平总书记对新时代马克思主义理论研究和建设工程作出重要指示强调，“马克思主义理论研究和建设工程是党的思想理论建设的基础工程、战略工程”，“要坚持‘两个结合’，扎根中国大地、赓续中华文脉、厚植学术根基，深入研究以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业实践中的重大问题，加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，培养高素质理论人才，为推进马克思主义中国化时代化作出更大贡献”。与此同时，为加强思想政治工作、思政课建设、马克思主义理论学科建设等，中央和有关部门出台了一系列文件，包括《关于新时代加强和改进思想政治工作的意见》《关于深化新时代学校思想政治理论课改革创新的若干意见》《关于加强新时代马克思主义学院建设的意见》《普通高等学校马克思主义学院建设标准》等。这为不断提升马克思主义学院建设的科学化、规范化、现代化水平提供了科学思想指引和制度基础，有助于整合资源打造马克思主义理论教育教学、研究、宣传和人才培养的坚强阵地。在制度、政策、机制层面，马克思主义理论学科建设有着坚实的保障。与此同时，从学科资源来讲，新时代以来的伟大社会革命为马克思主义理论学科发展提供了丰富的理论资源和实践资源；从学科动力来讲，百年变局背景下，如何处理中国与世界、政党与国家、政党与人民等之间的关系是马克思主义理论学科亟须解决的现实课题，迫切需要原创性回答；从学科方法来讲，信息技术革命带来的研究方法创新为马克思主义理论学科构建自身的学术范式和方法体系提供了难得机遇和宝贵条件。

The construction of the discipline of Marxist theory faces many challenges. First, facing the new situation where social ideologies and value orientations are becoming increasingly active, mainstream and non-mainstream currents coexist, and social trends of thought are turbulent and conflicting, our struggle with the United States and the West on the ideological front will become more intense, complex, and volatile. The encirclement, suppression, infiltration, and interference of the United States and the West against China’s philosophy and social sciences will further intensify. The ability to resist the impact of diverse ideological trends in the ideological sphere and to provide theoretical responses urgently needs to be further strengthened. Second, with the advancement of the new round of technological revolution represented by artificial intelligence and big data, the construction of the discipline of Marxist theory faces a large number of complex epochal issues, practical problems, and theoretical topics that need to be answered. There is an urgent need to study topics such as the relations of production in virtual space, people’s political concepts, and ideological struggle, and to construct a 21st-century Marxist theoretical system oriented towards modern science and technology, especially embodied intelligence, quantum technology, etc. At the same time, we must also be vigilant against the ethical crises that artificial intelligence and other technologies may trigger. Third, the current discipline of Marxist theory still faces problems such as homogenization in construction, a shortage of high-level strategic talent, and unbalanced regional development of the discipline. It is necessary to base ourselves on reality, focus on the future, and further strengthen the top-level design and strategic planning of the discipline of Marxist theory.

马克思主义理论学科建设面临诸多挑战。其一，面对社会思想观念和价值取向日趋活跃、主流和非主流同时存在、社会思潮纷纭激荡的新形势，我们同美西方在意识形态上的斗争将更加激烈、复杂且多变，美西方对我国哲学社会科学的围追堵截、渗透干扰将进一步强化，抵御意识形态领域多元思潮的冲击与进行理论回应的能力亟须进一步加强。其二，随着以人工智能、大数据为代表的新一轮科技革命的推进，马克思主义理论学科建设面临大量复杂的时代课题、实践问题、理论议题需要回答。亟须研究虚拟空间的生产关系、人们的政治观念、意识形态斗争等课题，构建面向现代科学技术特别是具身智能、量子技术等方面的21世纪马克思主义理论体系。与此同时，也要警惕人工智能等可能引发的伦理危机。其三，当前马克思主义理论学科还存在建设同质化、高层次战略性人才短缺、学科区域发展不均衡等问题，需要立足实际、着眼未来，进一步加强马克思主义理论学科的顶层设计和战略规划。

Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is an inevitable requirement and valuable experience for the development of the discipline of Marxist theory. “Only by upholding fundamental principles can we avoid losing our direction and making subversive mistakes; only by breaking new ground can we grasp the times and lead the times.” On the new journey, continuously advancing the development of the discipline of Marxist theory must always adhere to the consciousness of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. We must support, guide, and encourage the academic community to take China’s actual conditions as the starting point for research, to propose academic viewpoints with subjectivity and originality, and to construct a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system for Marxist theory with its own characteristics. From the perspective of combining universality and particularity, nationality and globality, stages and long-term nature, and what ought to be and what is, we must deeply summarize China’s revolutionary experience, construction experience, reform experience, and development experience, injecting fresh vitality into adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Innovation in philosophy and social sciences can be big or small; revealing a law is innovation, proposing a theory is innovation, clarifying a truth is innovation, and creating a method to solve a problem is also innovation.” The construction of the discipline of Marxist theory must deeply grasp the disciplinary positioning, adhere to a grand historical perspective and a global vision, base ourselves on the long term while focusing on the present, embrace the world while keeping our feet on the ground, and focus not only on theoretical and practical innovation but also on methodological and dissemination innovation. In the process of advancing the construction of the disciplinary system, knowledge system, textbook system, curriculum system, and talent cultivation system of Marxist theory, we must provide theoretical support and talent guarantees for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and provide a powerful spiritual force for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

守正创新是马克思主义理论学科发展的必然要求和宝贵经验，“守正才能不迷失方向、不犯颠覆性错误，创新才能把握时代、引领时代”。新征程上，不断推进马克思主义理论学科发展必须始终坚持守正创新的自觉，支持引导鼓励学术界以中国实际为研究起点，提出具有主体性、原创性的学术观点，构建具有自身特质的马克思主义理论学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，从普遍性与特殊性、民族性与世界性、阶段性与长期性、应然性与实然性相结合的视角深刻总结中国的革命经验、建设经验、改革经验、发展经验等，为马克思主义中国化时代化注入鲜活力量。习近平指出：“哲学社会科学创新可大可小，揭示一条规律是创新，提出一种学说是创新，阐明一个道理是创新，创造一种解决问题的办法也是创新。”马克思主义理论学科建设要深刻把握学科定位，坚持大历史观和全球视野，既立足长远又关注当下，既胸怀天下又脚踏实地，既注重理论创新、实践创新也注重方法创新、传播创新，在推进马克思主义理论学科体系、知识体系、教材体系、课程体系、人才培养体系等建设的过程中，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供理论支撑和人才保障，为全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供强大精神力量。

(Author’s affiliation: Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

(作者单位：中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院)

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆