Taking Further Comprehensive Deepening of Reform as the Driving Force — An In-Depth Study of *On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform*, Volume 2

*On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform*, Volume 2, was published and released in August of this year. This is another work that systematically summarizes the latest achievements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, seven years after the release of Volume 1 of *On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform* in 2018. The two volumes are arranged chronologically, presenting and systematically compiling a clear outline of the intellectual development of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC was held in November 2013 and is best known for adopting the landmark decision on comprehensively deepening reform., as it epochally advanced comprehensive deepening of reform, persisted in and improved the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continuously modernized the national governance system and governance capacity.

《论坚持全面深化改革》第2卷于今年8月出版发行，这是继2018年《论坚持全面深化改革》第1卷发行7年之后，又一部系统总结习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想最新成果的著作。两卷内容按时间线排列，是对党的十八大以来以习近平同志为核心的党中央划时代地推进全面深化改革，坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度，不断推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化思想发展脉络的清晰呈现和系统汇编。

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s *On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform*, Volumes 1 and 2, have very important guiding significance for comprehensively deepening reform and using Chinese-path modernization to comprehensively advance the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Volume 1 of *On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform* basically established the main framework for reform in key areas, promoting comprehensive deepening of reform to achieve breakthrough progress in important fields and key links. Volume 2 creatively and clearly answers the major questions of why comprehensive deepening of reform is needed in the New Era and how to advance it, using Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods. This helps Party cadres, theoretical propaganda workers, and the broad masses of the people deeply understand the overall goal of comprehensive deepening of reform, grasp in practice the question of what the ultimate purpose of reforms in various fields is and what overall result they are to achieve, and further advance comprehensive deepening of reform in both breadth and depth.

习近平总书记《论坚持全面深化改革》第1卷、第2卷对于全面深化改革，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业具有十分重要的指导意义。《论坚持全面深化改革》第1卷基本确立了重点领域改革的主体框架，推动全面深化改革在重要领域和关键环节取得突破性进展。第2卷运用马克思主义立场、观点和方法，创造性地明确回答了新时代为什么要全面深化改革、怎样推进全面深化改革等重大问题，有助于党员干部、理论宣传工作者和广大人民群众深刻理解全面深化改革的总目标，在实践中领会各领域改革最终是为了什么、要取得什么样的整体结果这一问题，从广度和深度上进一步推动全面深化改革。

Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee that comprehensive deepening of reform advances in the correct direction. Entering the New Era, the Communist Party of China faces even more arduous tasks and grander goals. Advancing comprehensive deepening of reform and persisting in and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics all the more require the guarantee of upholding the Party’s overall leadership. Volume 2 of *On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform* points out that the leadership system of the Party occupies a commanding position in the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the key is to uphold the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. Under the current situation, in order to unite people’s hearts, gather strength, and realize the Party’s central tasks for the New Era and the new journey, it is necessary to adhere to the Party’s original aspiration and founding mission, courageously accept supervision by the masses, advance the Party’s self-revolution, and persist in comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. This is an emphasis on and deployment of the Party Central Committee’s role of leadership and steering in the great practice of further comprehensively deepening reform, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for ensuring that further comprehensive deepening of reform advances according to the established direction and achieves the expected goals.

党的领导是全面深化改革沿着正确方向前进的根本保证。进入新时代，中国共产党面临着更为艰巨的任务和更为宏大的目标，推进全面深化改革，坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度更需要以坚持党的全面领导为保证。《论坚持全面深化改革》第2卷指出，中国特色社会主义制度中居于统领地位的是党的领导制度，关键是维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。全面从严治党是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证。当前形势下，为了凝聚人心、汇聚力量，实现新时代新征程党的中心任务，必须坚守党的初心使命，勇于接受群众监督，推进党的自我革命，坚持全面从严治党。这是对党中央在进一步全面深化改革伟大实践中发挥领导与掌舵作用的强调与部署，也是确保进一步全面深化改革按照既定方向推进、实现预期目标的根本保证。

Closely centering on the theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization to comprehensively deepen reform is the core essence. Volume 2 of *On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform* clearly states that the comprehensive deepening of reform initiated by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC [2]2 The "battle against poverty" refers to the nationwide campaign launched by the CPC to eradicate absolute poverty by the end of 2020., with its systematic overall design for advancing reform, was “epoch-making.” Chinese-path modernization is the only correct path to realize the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and reform and opening up is the crucial move that determined the fate of contemporary China. In October 2022, the 20th National Congress of the CPC made strategic plans for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC adopted the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization.” “On the new journey, what do we rely on to further unite people’s hearts and gather strength? It is precisely Chinese-path modernization.” This is a wise decision made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi

紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化这一主题全面深化改革是核心要旨。《论坚持全面深化改革》第2卷明确指出，党的十八届三中全会开启的全面深化改革、系统整体设计推进改革是“划时代的”。中国式现代化是实现强国建设、民族复兴伟业的唯一正确道路，改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键一招。2022年10月，党的二十大对全面推进中国式现代化作出了战略部署。党的二十届三中全会作出了《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》。“新征程上，我们靠什么来进一步凝心聚力？就是要靠中国式现代化。”这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央在总结以往工作积累的宝贵经验基础上作出的英明决策，使全党上下在为什么要进一步全面深化改革、围绕什么改、怎么改等重大问题上愈发明确、清晰，在认识上达成一致、形成共识，在行动上步调一致地为实现中国式现代化的既定目标而奋斗。

Letting the fruits of reform and development benefit all the people more and more fairly is the fundamental pursuit of comprehensively deepening reform. Being people-centered and safeguarding the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people are the mission undertaken by Chinese Communists and the value orientation they have consistently upheld. The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform" adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC was held in November 2013 and is best known for adopting the landmark decision on comprehensively deepening reform. further clarified the value orientation of comprehensively deepening reform, namely that the people are the subjects of reform. It is necessary to adhere to a people-oriented approach, promote the well-rounded development of the people, and safeguard the interests of the broadest majority of the people. Volume 2 of "On Comprehensively Deepening Reform" still upholds this value goal of letting all the people share in the fruits of deepening reform and development. The Communist Party of China firmly grasps the most immediate and realistic issues of greatest concern to the people, enhances people's well-being, improves the quality of people's lives, and solidly promotes the realization of common prosperity for all the people in the course of dynamic development. The Party Central Committee continuously advances the building of a Beautiful China, promoting harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature; develops whole-process people's democracy, improving the institutional system to ensure the people are the masters of the country; and pushes "the construction of the social security system onto a fast track," building the world's largest social security system and winning the battle against poverty [2]2 The "battle against poverty" refers to the nationwide campaign launched by the CPC to eradicate absolute poverty by the end of 2020.. All these have provided the conditions for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects on schedule and realizing the First Centenary Goal [3]3 The First Centenary Goal is the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC's founding in 2021.. Letting the fruits of reform and development benefit all the people more and more fairly—this value orientation is the fundamental pursuit of comprehensively deepening reform, the concentrated embodiment of the CPC's purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and the manifestation of the Party's commitment to remaining true to its original aspiration and founding mission under the conditions of the New Era.

让改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民是全面深化改革的根本追求。以人民为中心，维护最广大人民的根本利益是中国共产党人承担的使命和一贯坚持的价值导向。党的十八届三中全会作出的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》进一步明确了全面深化改革的价值导向，即人民是改革的主体。必须坚持以人为本，促进人的全面发展，维护最广大人民的利益。《论坚持全面深化改革》第2卷秉持的仍是让全体人民共享深化改革发展成果这一价值目标。中国共产党紧紧抓住人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，增进民生福祉，提高人民生活品质，在动态发展中扎实推动实现全体人民共同富裕。党中央不断推进美丽中国建设，促进人与自然和谐共生；发展全过程人民民主，健全保障人民当家作主的制度体系；推动“社会保障体系建设进入快车道”，建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系，打赢脱贫攻坚战，这些都为如期全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标提供了条件。让改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民这一价值导向是全面深化改革的根本追求，是中国共产党全心全意为人民服务宗旨的集中体现，是党不忘初心、牢记使命在新时代条件下的体现。

The integration of top-level design with comprehensive layout is the methodological principle for the success of comprehensively deepening reform. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core adheres to integrating top-level design with comprehensive layout, matching overall planning with concrete actions, and upholding the general approach of systemic integration, coordination, and efficiency, putting forward a series of methodological principles for comprehensively deepening reform, which have effectively guided the in-depth advancement of comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era. *On Persisting in Comprehensively Deepening Reform*, Volume 2, continues to promote the implementation of this methodological principle. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that “we must anchor the overall goal of continuing to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,” further comprehensively deepen reform, further liberate and develop the social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality, effectively prevent and defuse major risks and challenges on the path ahead, and provide strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization. Further comprehensively deepening reform must uphold fundamental principles and break new ground. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is a major principle that must be firmly grasped and consistently adhered to in further comprehensively deepening reform.” Upholding fundamental principles means adhering to the direction and principles of reform, so that reform advances in the direction guided by the overall goal, while continuous innovation in all aspects can better uphold fundamental principles. Under the guidance of the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform, the comprehensive layout for deepening reform is further advanced. For example: further improving the socialist market economy system; promoting whole-process people’s democracy not only to have complete institutional procedures but also to have complete participatory practices; comprehensively advancing the construction of the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics, the modernization of the national security system and security capacity, and the modernization of national defense and the armed forces; advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, with Party and state institutional reforms transitioning from “physical changes” to “chemical reactions”; taking the optimization, coordination, and efficiency of Party and state institutional functions as the focal point to consolidate the achievements of institutional reform; accelerating the development of new quality productive forces, etc. Comprehensively deepening reform matches overall planning with concrete actions. According to the requirements of the new development stage, it constructs a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other; promotes the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, supporting high-quality development with a high-quality ecological environment; based on the actual economic and social development conditions of various regions in China and the driving and demonstration effects of the more developed regions, it promotes the transformation of the economy from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, coordinates regional development, implements the three major initiatives of the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, and promotes the deepening of reform and integrated development of various regions, industries, and sectors. These are all part of the overall approach of integrating top-level design with comprehensive layout, making comprehensive arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform, and providing us with scientific theoretical guidance and methodological direction for further comprehensively deepening reform and achieving various grand goals on the new journey of the New Era.

顶层设计与全面布局相融合是全面深化改革成功的方法原则。以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持加强顶层设计与全面布局相融合、整体规划与具体行动相配套，秉持系统集成、协同高效的总思路，提出一系列全面深化改革的方法原则，卓有成效地指导了新时代全面深化改革的深入推进。《论坚持全面深化改革》第2卷继续推动这一方法原则的贯彻实施。习近平总书记强调，“要锚定继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总目标”，进一步全面深化改革，进一步解放和发展社会生产力、激发和增强社会活力，有效防范化解前进道路上的重大风险挑战，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。进一步全面深化改革必须坚持守正创新，习近平总书记强调：“坚持守正创新是进一步全面深化改革必须牢牢把握、始终坚守的重大原则。”守正就是坚持改革的方向和原则，使改革朝着总目标指引的方向前进，而各方面的持续创新才能更好地守正。在全面深化改革总目标的指引下，全面布局深化改革进一步推进。比如，进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制；推动全过程人民民主不仅要有完整的制度程序，也要有完整的参与实践；全面推进中国特色社会主义法治体系建设、国家安全体系和安全能力现代化、国防和军队现代化；推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，党和国家机构改革要从“物理变化”向“化学反应”转化；以党和国家机构职能优化、协同、高效为着力点，推进巩固机构改革成果；推动新质生产力加快发展等。全面深化改革把整体规划与具体行动相配套。根据新发展阶段的要求构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局；推动人与自然和谐共生的现代化，以高品质生态环境支撑高质量发展；根据我国各地区经济社会发展的实际情况以及先发展地区的带动作用和示范效应，促进经济由高速增长阶段向高质量发展阶段转变，协调好区域发展，实施京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展和共建“一带一路”倡议三大举措，推动各地区、各产业、各行业的深化改革与融合发展。这些都是顶层设计与全面布局相融合的总体思路，为全面深化改革作出全面部署，使我们在新时代新征程上对进一步全面深化改革、实现各项宏伟目标有了科学的理论指导和方法论指引。

The theory of comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era provides us with scientific theoretical guidance and inexhaustible driving force for deeply advancing Chinese-path modernization on the new journey of the New Era and marching towards the grand goal of building a great modern socialist country in all respects and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

新时代全面深化改革理论，使我们对在新时代新征程上深入推进中国式现代化、朝着全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标进发有了科学的理论指导和不竭的发展动力。

(The authors are researchers at the Research Center for Marxist Economic and Social Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and professors at the School of Marxism, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者系中国社会科学院马克思主义经济社会发展研究中心研究员、中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院教授）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧