Improve the Institutional System to Enhance the Effectiveness of Macroeconomic Governance

Scientific macro-regulation and effective government governance are inherent requirements for leveraging the advantages of the socialist market economy system. Improving the macroeconomic governance system—which takes the national development plan as its strategic guide, uses fiscal and monetary policies as its main instruments, closely coordinates employment, industrial, investment, consumption, environmental, and regional policies, and features optimized objectives, rational division of labor, and efficient synergy—is a major innovation in macro-regulation theory and practice made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “Improve the macroeconomic governance system, give play to the strategic guiding role of the national development plan, strengthen the coordination and cooperation between fiscal and monetary policies, focus on expanding domestic demand, and enhance the foundational role of consumption in economic development and the key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Central Economic Work Conference,” December 11, 2023. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC proposed “upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system, better leveraging the leading role of economic system reform, improving the macroeconomic governance system, and ensuring that high-quality development proceeds steadily and far,” and stressed “enhancing the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.” [2]2 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in July 2024. The quotation is from the Communiqué of the session. This series of important deployments constitutes a strategic arrangement based on the overall situation of Chinese-path modernization and aimed at meeting the challenges of macroeconomic governance in the New Era, providing guidance for solving deep-seated problems in economic operations.

科学的宏观调控、有效的政府治理是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求。健全以国家发展规划为战略导向，以财政政策和货币政策为主要手段，就业、产业、投资、消费、环保、区域等政策紧密配合，目标优化、分工合理、高效协同的宏观经济治理体系，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央对宏观调控理论和实践作出的重大创新。习近平总书记强调，“健全宏观经济治理体系，发挥国家发展规划的战略导向作用，加强财政政策和货币政策协调配合，着力扩大内需，增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用和投资对优化供给结构的关键作用”。党的二十届四中全会提出“坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，更好发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，完善宏观经济治理体系，确保高质量发展行稳致远”，强调“提升宏观经济治理效能”。这一系列重要部署，是立足中国式现代化全局、应对新时代宏观经济治理挑战的战略安排，为破解经济运行中的深层问题提供了遵循。

Currently, world economic growth is weak, geopolitical conflicts continue to disrupt the stable operation of global industrial and supply chains, and countries generally face the dual test of “stabilizing growth” and “preventing risks.” In the short term, China’s economic development is affected by insufficient effective demand; in the long term, it faces difficulties such as insufficient innovation and unbalanced regional development. These are problems arising in the course of development and transformation, which need to be addressed by further deepening reform comprehensively. Improving the macroeconomic governance system is an important part of economic system reform. Further improving the macroeconomic governance system, perfecting relevant mechanisms, and enhancing the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance are both an inevitable requirement for responding to internal and external risks and stabilizing the economic fundamentals, and an important path for accelerating the construction of a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development. It is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market, make efforts to further improve the macro-regulation institutional system, coordinate and advance reforms in key areas, form policy synergy, and continuously enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.

当前，世界经济增长乏力，地缘政治冲突持续干扰全球产业链供应链稳定运行，各国普遍面临“稳增长”“防风险”的双重考验。我国经济发展短期受有效需求不足的影响，长期则面临创新不足、区域发展不平衡等难题。这些都是发展中、转型中的问题，需以进一步全面深化改革着力破解。健全宏观经济治理体系是经济体制改革的重要内容。进一步健全宏观经济治理体系，完善相关机制，提升宏观经济治理效能，既是应对内外部风险、稳定经济大盘的必然要求，又是加快构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的重要路径。必须处理好政府和市场的关系，在进一步完善宏观调控制度体系上下功夫，统筹推进重点领域改革，形成政策合力，不断提升宏观经济治理效能。

An Effective Market and a Proactive Government Work in Concert

有效市场和有为政府协同发力

How to correctly handle the relationship between the government and the market is the core issue of China’s economic system reform and also a worldwide problem in economics. Xi Jinping Economic Thought creatively proposes advancing and perfecting the socialist market economy system, emphasizing that the market should play a decisive role in resource allocation and the government should play its role better, transcending the Western economic view of the opposition between market and government, and opening up a new realm of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.

如何正确处理政府和市场的关系，是我国经济体制改革的核心问题，也是经济学上的世界性难题。习近平经济思想创造性提出推进完善社会主义市场经济体制，强调使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，超越了西方经济学关于市场与政府对立的观点，开拓了中国特色社会主义政治经济学新境界。

An “effective market” is mainly reflected in three aspects: reflecting the scarcity of various factors of production through price signals, allowing resources to flow where they are needed; relying on competition mechanisms to force enterprise innovation and stimulate the vitality of micro-entities; and achieving the maximization of resource allocation efficiency through the dynamic balance of supply and demand. A “proactive government” is reflected in the “visible hand” actively acting in areas such as strategic guidance, scientific regulation, institutional supply, risk prevention and control, and fair guarantees, both compensating for market failures and creating a stable environment for the efficient operation of the market. For the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation, the government must manage things that the market cannot manage or cannot manage well. The two are not a relationship of opposition or substitution, but a dialectical unity of complementary advantages and coordinated efforts. Promoting a better combination of an effective market and a proactive government, following the laws of the market economy, and fully leveraging the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics are prerequisites for the effective implementation of macroeconomic governance.

“有效市场”主要体现在三个方面：通过价格信号反映各种生产要素的稀缺程度，让资源流向需要的地方；依托竞争机制倒逼企业创新，激发微观主体活力；通过供求动态平衡，实现资源配置效率的最大化。“有为政府”则体现为“看得见的手”在战略引领、科学调控、制度供给、风险防控、公平保障等方面积极主动作为，既弥补市场失灵，又为市场高效运行创造稳定环境。使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，政府要管好那些市场管不了或管不好的事情，二者不是对立、替代关系，而是优势互补、协同发力的辩证统一关系。推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合，遵循市场经济规律，充分发挥中国特色社会主义制度优势，是宏观经济治理行之有效的先决条件。

Since reform and opening up, China has achieved a historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a vibrant socialist market economy. The 14th National Congress of the CPC clearly established the goal of China’s economic system reform as establishing a socialist market economy system, proposing that the market should play a basic role in resource allocation under the macro-regulation of the socialist state. [3]3 The 14th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 1992. Subsequently, our Party continuously deepened its understanding of the relationship between the government and the market based on practical expansion. The 15th National Congress of the CPC proposed that the market should play a basic role in resource allocation under the macro-regulation of the state. [4]4 The 15th National Congress of the CPC was held in September 1997. The 16th National Congress of the CPC proposed giving greater play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation. [5]5 The 16th National Congress of the CPC was held in November 2002. The 17th National Congress of the CPC proposed giving better play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation from an institutional perspective. [6]6 The 17th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2007. In the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core further deepened its understanding of the relationship between the government and the market. The 18th National Congress of the CPC proposed giving greater and wider play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation. [7]7 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in November 2012. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC changed the “basic role” of the market in resource allocation to a “decisive role.” [8]8 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC was held in November 2013. The 19th National Congress of the CPC again emphasized that the market should play a decisive role in resource allocation. [9]9 The 19th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2017. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Path Modernization,” deliberated and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, emphasizes, “We must better leverage the role of the market mechanism, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, achieve optimization and maximization of resource allocation efficiency, ensure both ‘flexibility in releasing’ and ‘effectiveness in controlling,’ better maintain market order and compensate for market failures, smooth the national economic cycle, and stimulate the endogenous driving force and innovation vitality of the whole society.” [10]10 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in July 2024. History and practice have proven that promoting a better combination of an effective market and a proactive government is an inevitable choice that conforms to China’s national conditions and meets the requirements of the development of productive forces.

改革开放以来，我国实现了从高度集中的计划经济体制到充满活力的社会主义市场经济体制的历史性转变。党的十四大明确我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制，提出要使市场在社会主义国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。之后，我们党根据实践拓展持续深化对政府和市场关系的认识。党的十五大提出，使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。党的十六大提出，在更大程度上发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。党的十七大提出，从制度上更好发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央进一步深化对政府和市场关系的认识。党的十八大提出，更大程度更广范围发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。党的十八届三中全会把市场在资源配置中的“基础性作用”修改为“决定性作用”。党的十九大再次强调，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》强调，“必须更好发挥市场机制作用，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，既‘放得活’又‘管得住’，更好维护市场秩序、弥补市场失灵，畅通国民经济循环，激发全社会内生动力和创新活力”。历史和实践证明，推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合，是符合我国国情、适应生产力发展要求的必然选择。

An important prerequisite for improving the macroeconomic governance system and enhancing the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market. First, accurately define the boundaries of responsibilities between the government and the market. The key to better playing the government’s role lies in accelerating the transformation of government functions and preventing government functions from being misplaced, overstepped, or absent. Continue to deepen the reform of the administrative approval system and the commercial system, deepen the management of power lists and responsibility lists, and at the same time strengthen ex-post and ongoing supervision. Second, accelerate the modernization of the government governance system and governance capacity. It is necessary to both advance the construction of a digital government, using technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to improve the precision of macro-regulation; improve the rule-of-law guarantee system, creating a stable and predictable institutional environment and a fair and orderly competitive ecology for business entities; and resolutely remove various obstacles to the equal use of factors of production and fair participation in market competition according to law, promoting the healthy and high-quality development of the private economy. Finally, focus on improving coordination mechanisms. It is necessary to establish communication and coordination mechanisms to promptly reflect market demands, absorb enterprise suggestions, and optimize and adjust macroeconomic policies. At the same time, enhance the consistency of macro-policy orientations, avoid policy fragmentation, pay more attention to the concerted efforts and coordinated cooperation among various policies, and enhance overall effectiveness.

健全宏观经济治理体系，提升宏观经济治理效能，一个重要前提就是处理好政府和市场的关系。首先，精准界定政府和市场的职责边界。更好发挥政府作用，关键在于加快转变政府职能，防止政府职能错位、越位、缺位。继续深化行政审批制度改革和商事制度改革，深化权力清单、责任清单管理，同时强化事中事后监管。其次，加快推进政府治理体系和治理能力现代化。既要推进数字政府建设，运用大数据、人工智能等技术提升宏观调控精准性；又要完善法治保障体系，为经营主体营造稳定可预期的制度环境和公平有序的竞争生态；还要坚决破除依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争的各种障碍，促进民营经济健康发展、高质量发展。最后，着力完善协同机制。需建立沟通协调机制，及时反映市场诉求，吸纳企业建议，优化、调整宏观经济政策。同时，增强宏观政策取向一致性，避免政策碎片化，更加注重各项政策之间同向发力、协调配合，增强整体效能。

Continuously Improve the Macro-Regulation Institutional System

不断完善宏观调控制度体系

The macro-regulation institutional system is an important component of the macroeconomic governance system. Its degree of perfection directly determines the actual effectiveness of macroeconomic governance and directly affects the quality of high-quality development. Improving the macro-regulation institutional system can effectively optimize the mechanisms that ensure the stable operation of the macroeconomy, help achieve the optimization and maximization of resource allocation efficiency, and flexibly respond to internal volatility risks and external input risks brought about by changes in the macroeconomic environment.

宏观调控制度体系是宏观经济治理体系的重要组成部分，其完善程度直接决定着宏观经济治理的实际成效，直接影响高质量发展的成色。完善宏观调控制度体系能够有效优化保障宏观经济平稳运行的相关机制，有助于实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化，还能灵活应对宏观经济环境变化带来的内部波动性风险和外部输入性风险。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China’s macro-regulation institutional system has been continuously improved, and the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance has been continuously enhanced. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform,” deliberated and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, proposed “improving the macro-regulation system guided by the national development strategy and plan, with fiscal and monetary policies as the main means.” [11]11 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC was held in November 2013. Subsequently, China proposed “discretionary regulation,” requiring innovation in macro-regulation methods and strengthening interval regulation, targeted regulation, and discretionary regulation; proposed improving the cross-cycle design and adjustment of macro-regulation to achieve a long-term balance between stabilizing growth and preventing risks; and proposed improving the macro-regulation institutional system to enhance the consistency of macro-policy orientations.

党的十八大以来，我国宏观调控制度体系持续完善、宏观经济治理效能持续提升。党的十八届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出，“健全以国家发展战略和规划为导向、以财政政策和货币政策为主要手段的宏观调控体系”。此后，我国提出“相机调控”，要求创新宏观调控方式，加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控；提出完善宏观调控跨周期设计和调节，实现稳增长和防风险长期均衡；提出完善宏观调控制度体系，增强宏观政策取向一致性。

To further improve the macro-control institutional system, several key points must be grasped. First, start by improving the national strategic planning system and the mechanism for policy coordination and integration, strengthening the deep integration of major national strategies to avoid each going its own way. On this basis, effectively implement national strategic plans, and promote the coordinated发力 of fiscal, monetary, industrial, price, and employment policies around the national development plan. Second, improve the mechanism for promoting coordinated regional development. Construct a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages, improve the macro-control mechanism for promoting coordinated regional development, improve supporting guarantee mechanisms, refine the main functional area system, and deeply implement the regional coordinated development strategy. Third, strengthen the coordination mechanism for scientific and technological innovation and industrial transformation and upgrading. Improve the institutional arrangements for promoting the deep integration of the innovation chain and industrial chain, establish a mechanism for the coordinated advancement of cultivating strategic emerging industries and upgrading traditional industries, optimize the macro-policy environment that incentivizes innovation, and fully stimulate the innovation vitality of various business entities. Fourth, build a macro-control institutional framework oriented toward green and low-carbon development. Incorporate ecological and environmental protection into the evaluation scope of macro-control, guide various resources to tilt toward green and low-carbon fields, accelerate the construction of a unified national carbon market, and improve the carbon pricing mechanism. Fifth, improve the expectation management mechanism, focusing on regulating the release of macroeconomic policy information and establishing normalized policy communication channels to reduce expectation fluctuations caused by information asymmetry, guiding social expectations to always remain consistent with the orientation of macro-control.

进一步完善宏观调控制度体系，需把握以下几个重点。一是从完善国家战略规划体系和政策统筹协调机制入手，加强国家重大战略深度融合，避免各自为战。在此基础上，有效执行国家战略规划，围绕国家发展规划促进财政、货币、产业、价格、就业等政策协同发力。二是完善促进区域协调发展的机制。构建优势互补的区域经济布局和国土空间体系，健全推动区域协调发展的宏观调控机制，健全配套保障机制，完善主体功能区制度，深入实施区域协调发展战略。三是强化科技创新与产业转型升级的协同机制。完善推动创新链和产业链深度融合的制度安排，建立战略性新兴产业培育和传统产业升级协同推进的机制，优化激励创新的宏观政策环境，充分激发各类经营主体的创新活力。四是构建绿色低碳导向的宏观调控制度框架。把生态环境保护纳入宏观调控的评价范畴，引导各类资源向绿色低碳领域倾斜，加快建设全国统一的碳市场，完善碳定价机制。五是健全预期管理机制，重点通过规范宏观经济政策信息发布、搭建常态化政策沟通渠道，减少信息不对称引发的预期波动，引导社会预期始终与宏观调控导向保持一致。

Coordinately Advance Reforms in Key Areas

统筹推进重点领域改革

Fiscal and tax policies and financial policies are the links connecting government macro-control with micro-resource allocation, and are also important policy tools for transmitting policy intentions, allocating social resources, and stabilizing the economic fundamentals. Coordinately advancing reforms in key areas such as fiscal, tax, and finance is an important lever for enhancing the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.

财税政策和金融政策是连接政府宏观调控与微观资源配置的纽带，更是传导政策意图、配置社会资源、稳定经济大盘的重要政策工具。统筹推进财税、金融等重点领域改革，是提升宏观经济治理效能的重要抓手。

Deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax system requires focusing on three aspects. First, strengthen the coordination of fiscal resources and budgets, and vigorously promote scientific and refined fiscal management. Deepen the reform of zero-based budgeting, unify budget allocation authority, improve the budget disclosure and supervision system and the government comprehensive financial reporting system, strengthen financial guarantees for major national strategic tasks and basic people's livelihoods, enhance the uniformity and standardization of budget management, and ensure precise and efficient allocation of fiscal resources. Second, optimize the tax system. Focusing on goals such as building a unified national market, optimize the tax structure, research tax policies suitable for the development of new business forms, and fully implement the principle of statutory taxation. Improve the direct tax system, standardize various income tax policies, further deepen the reform of tax collection and management, and provide precise support for the development of key areas. Third, further straighten out the fiscal relationship between the central and local governments. Form a central-local fiscal relationship with clear powers and responsibilities, coordinated financial resources, and regional balance. It is necessary to appropriately strengthen central government authority, increase the proportion of central fiscal expenditure, reduce central fiscal authority delegated to local governments for execution, and also expand local tax sources, appropriately expand local tax management authority, improve the fiscal transfer payment system and the local government debt management system, and enhance the degree of matching between the financial resources of cities and counties and their authority. Ensure the safe and sustainable operation of public finances, and fully leverage the initiative of both the central and local governments.

深化财税体制改革，需聚焦三个方面。一是加强财政资源和预算统筹，大力推进财政科学化精细化管理。深化零基预算改革、统一预算分配权，完善预算公开和监督制度、政府综合财务报告制度，强化对国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障，提升预算管理的统一性和规范性，确保财政资源精准高效配置。二是优化税收制度体系。围绕建设全国统一大市场等目标，优化税制结构，研究适合新业态发展的税收政策，全面落实税收法定原则。健全直接税体系，规范各类所得税收政策，进一步深化税收征管改革，为重点领域发展提供精准支持。三是进一步理顺中央和地方财政关系。形成权责清晰、财力协调、区域均衡的中央和地方财政关系，既要适当加强中央事权、提高中央财政支出比重，减少委托地方代行的中央财政事权，又要拓展地方税源、适当扩大地方税收管理权限，完善财政转移支付体系和地方政府债务管理制度，提升市县财力同事权相匹配的程度。确保财政运行安全可持续，充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性。

Deepening reforms in key financial areas requires coordinated efforts from all sides. First, improve the positioning and governance of financial institutions, improve the incentive and constraint mechanism for serving the real economy, promote the tilt of financial resources toward key areas and weak links of the real economy, and strengthen financial support for scientific and technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and people's livelihood guarantees. Second, improve the relevant mechanisms for the healthy development of the capital market. Focusing on the goals of preventing risks and strengthening supervision, optimize the investment and financing functions of the capital market, support the entry of long-term funds into the market, maintain the order of the capital market and enhance its inherent stability by improving the quality of listed companies, strengthening the delisting system and investor protection, and regulating the behavior of major shareholders. Third, strengthen the financial security mechanism under open conditions, formulate a financial law, improve the financial regulatory system, build safe and efficient financial infrastructure, prudently and steadily advance the internationalization of the renminbi, steadily promote the research, development, and application of the digital renminbi, effectively prevent and control systemic risks, promote high-level financial opening up under the premise of ensuring financial security, and enhance the effectiveness of financial governance.

深化金融重点领域改革，需各方面协同发力。一是完善金融机构定位和治理，健全服务实体经济的激励约束机制，推动金融资源向实体经济重点领域和薄弱环节倾斜，强化金融对科技创新、产业升级、民生保障的支撑。二是健全资本市场健康发展的相关机制，围绕防风险、强监管目标，优化资本市场的投融资功能，支持长期资金入市，通过提高上市公司质量、强化退市制度和投资者保护、规范大股东行为等，维护资本市场秩序，增强市场内在稳定性。三是强化开放条件下金融安全机制，制定金融法、完善金融监管体系，建设安全高效的金融基础设施，稳慎扎实推进人民币国际化，稳妥推进数字人民币研发和应用，有效防控系统性风险，在保障金融安全的前提下推动金融高水平开放，提升金融治理的效能。

Enhance the Consistency of Macro-Policy Orientation

增强宏观政策取向一致性

The systems concept is a fundamental ideological and working method. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, [12]12 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in November 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping's leadership. facing the complex and severe international situation and the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the state, and China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national power have reached new heights. At the same time, new situations, new problems, and new challenges have also placed higher demands on the systematicity and coordination of macro policies.

系统观念是具有基础性的思想和工作方法。党的十八大以来，面对错综复杂的国际形势和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央有效应对一系列重大风险挑战，推动党和国家事业取得新的重大成就，我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新台阶。同时，新形势新问题新挑战也对宏观政策的系统性、协同性提出了更高要求。

Enhancing the consistency of macro-policy orientation is a pragmatic move to promote high-quality development. From an international perspective, the global economic recovery is weak, trade protectionism and unilateralism are on the rise, geopolitical conflicts are intensifying, external environmental uncertainties and instabilities are becoming increasingly prominent, and the external imported risks facing China have increased significantly. Facing a complex situation, it is necessary to maintain consistent policy orientation, coordinate the counter-cyclical adjustment of fiscal and monetary policies, the cultivation of key industrial chains and clusters, and the steady expansion of institutional opening up, forming a policy combination to enhance the resilience of economic development. Looking domestically, China's economic development faces short-term pressures such as insufficient effective demand, overcapacity in some industries, and the resolution of local government debt risks. In the long term, it also needs to achieve innovation-driven development and advance supply-side structural reform. In response, it is equally necessary to maintain consistent policy orientation and coordinate short-term growth with medium- and long-term development. Furthermore, the connections between various fields of the economy and society are becoming increasingly deep, often affecting the whole if one part is touched. It is necessary to enhance the consistency of macro-policy orientation, uniformly incorporate economic and non-economic policies into consistency assessment, and ensure that policies always work in the same direction from top-level design to step-by-step transmission and then to implementation and effectiveness.

增强宏观政策取向一致性是推动高质量发展的务实之举。从国际看，全球经济复苏乏力，贸易保护主义、单边主义抬头，地缘政治冲突加剧，外部环境不确定性不稳定性日益突出，我国面临的外部输入性风险明显增加。面对复杂局面，必须保持政策取向一致，统筹财政货币政策的逆周期调节、重点产业链群培育、稳步扩大制度型开放，形成政策组合拳，增强经济发展韧性。再看国内，我国经济发展短期面临有效需求不足、部分行业产能过剩、地方政府债务风险化解等压力，长期看还需实现创新驱动、推进供给侧结构性改革。对此，同样要保持政策取向一致，统筹好短期增长和中长期发展。此外，经济社会各领域联系日益深入，往往牵一发而动全身，必须增强宏观政策取向一致性，把经济政策和非经济性政策统一纳入一致性评估，确保政策从顶层设计到逐级传导、再到落地见效始终同向发力。

To enhance the consistency of macro-policy orientation, it is necessary to strengthen top-level design, form a high-level policy coordination mechanism, and do a good job in task decomposition and division of responsibilities. Before major policies are introduced, a consistency assessment of macro-policy orientation needs to be conducted. Do a good job in connecting central and local policies, allow localities to form differentiated implementation plans based on actual conditions, adhere to the national chessboard while leveraging local characteristics. It is necessary to optimize the transmission mechanism, use technical means to integrate data related to policy implementation, monitor policy effectiveness, and accurately identify bottlenecks and blockages. At the same time, strengthen policy interpretation and expectation guidance, explain policy orientation in simple terms, enhance policy transparency, and avoid misjudgments by business entities due to information asymmetry. It is necessary to adhere to dynamic adjustment, consider establishing a mechanism for regular research, judgment, and early warning of the macroeconomic situation, integrate multi-field data to promptly capture new situations and new problems in economic operation. Clarify the trigger conditions and operational procedures for dynamic policy adjustment, and respond quickly when the external environment or economic indicators undergo major changes. Improve the post-policy evaluation system, regularly evaluate policy effects, and ensure that policies always align with the actual needs of economic development. It is necessary to improve supervision and assessment, incorporate the effect of policy coordination into the performance assessment system of localities and departments, and investigate responsibility according to regulations for those whose poor policy coordination causes adverse effects. At the same time, smooth the channels for feedback from enterprises, industry associations, etc., so that relevant policies not only meet macro-control objectives but also are close to the actual needs of the market.

增强宏观政策取向一致性，需强化顶层设计，形成高层次政策协调机制，抓好任务分解和职责分工。重大政策出台前需开展宏观政策取向一致性评估。做好中央和地方政策的衔接，允许地方结合实际形成差异化实施方案，既坚持全国一盘棋，又发挥地方特色。需优化传导机制，用技术手段整合政策执行的相关数据，监测政策实效，精准掌握卡点堵点。同时，加强政策解读与预期引导，用通俗方式讲清政策导向，提升政策透明度，避免经营主体因信息不对称产生误判。需坚持动态调整，可考虑建立宏观经济形势常态化研判与预警机制，整合多领域数据及时捕捉经济运行新情况、新问题。明确政策动态调整的触发条件与操作流程，外部环境或经济指标出现重大变化时快速响应。健全政策后评估制度，定期评估政策效果，确保政策始终与经济发展实际需求相契合。需完善监督考核，把政策协同效果纳入地方和部门绩效考核体系，对政策协调不力造成不良影响的，依规追究责任。同时畅通企业、行业协会等的意见反馈渠道，使相关政策既契合宏观调控目标，又贴近市场实际需求。

(The author is a Distinguished Researcher of the Jiangxi Provincial Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Vice President of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics)

（作者系江西省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心特约研究员、江西财经大学副校长）

Online Editor: Chu Yang

网络编辑：初阳