Profoundly Grasp the Scientific Worldview and Methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to ecological civilization construction, strengthening it in many respects such as theoretical innovation, practical exploration, and institutional development, scientifically summarizing the theoretical achievements, practical results, and advanced experience of ecological civilization construction, thereby forming and enriching and perfecting Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization scientifically answers a series of fundamental questions such as why to build an ecological civilization, what kind of ecological civilization to build, and how to build an ecological civilization, profoundly expounding the era background, fundamental principles, core essence, and methodological paths of ecological civilization construction in the New Era. It is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and a major achievement of integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture. Profoundly grasping the worldview significance and methodological value of this important thought has important theoretical and practical significance for deeply advancing the construction of a Beautiful China and promoting the realization of a modernization featuring harmony between humanity and nature.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视生态文明建设，从理论创新、实践探索、制度建设等诸多方面加强生态文明建设，科学总结生态文明建设的理论成果、实践成效和先进经验，形成并丰富完善了习近平生态文明思想。习近平生态文明思想科学回答了为什么建设生态文明、建设什么样的生态文明、怎样建设生态文明等一系列根本性问题，深刻阐述了新时代生态文明建设的时代背景、根本原则、核心要义及方法路径等，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合的重大成果。深刻把握这一重要思想的世界观意义和方法论价值，对于深入推进美丽中国建设，推动实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化具有重要理论和实践意义。

*Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Ecological Civilization*, Volume I, includes the most important and fundamental works of General Secretary Xi Jinping on ecological civilization construction from December 2012 to April 2025. From these important works, we can profoundly grasp the scientific worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, continuously deepening our understanding and grasp of a series of major theoretical and practical issues in the New Era’s ecological civilization construction, such as the relationship between humanity and nature, and between production and ecology.

《习近平生态文明文选》第一卷收入了习近平总书记2012年12月至2025年4月期间关于生态文明建设最重要、最基本的著作，我们可以从这些重要著作中，深刻领悟习近平生态文明思想的科学世界观和方法论，不断深化对新时代生态文明建设中人与自然、生产与生态等一系列重大理论和实践问题的认识和把握。

From the worldview dimension, it deepens and elevates the cognition of nature and the understanding of the relationship between humanity and nature.

从世界观维度深化和升华了对自然的认知及对人与自然关系的理解

Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization enriches and develops the Marxist theory on the relationship between humanity and nature, innovatively inherits the ecological wisdom in the fine traditional Chinese culture, critically transforms the theoretical doctrines on the relationship between humanity and nature in Western ecological thought, deepens and elevates the cognition of nature from the worldview dimension, thoroughly transforms the image of humanity as conqueror, destroyer, and controller in the face of nature, provides a worldview foundation for deepening the cognitive understanding of nature, forms a discourse system and theoretical system of “harmony between humanity and nature” that leads the world and has Chinese characteristics, and contributes wisdom and strength to the sustainable development of human civilization.

习近平生态文明思想丰富和发展了马克思主义关于人与自然关系的理论，创新性传承中华优秀传统文化中的生态智慧，批判性改造西方生态思潮中关于人与自然关系的理论学说，从世界观维度深化和升华了对自然的认知，彻底变革了人类在自然面前作为征服者、破坏者和控制者的形象，为深化对自然的认知理解提供了世界观基础，形成了引领世界、具有中国特色的“人与自然和谐共生”话语体系和理论体系，为人类文明永续发展贡献了智慧和力量。

It reinterprets the significance of nature for the sustainable development of human civilization with a vision and pattern of embracing the world. The history of human civilization development shows that nature is the foundation of human existence and the root of civilization development; the state of the natural environment directly affects the survival and rise and fall of human civilization. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization systematically summarizes the experiences and lessons from the history of human civilization development, scientifically reveals the significance of a good natural ecology for the development of human civilization, profoundly explains the natural determinants of human civilization development on the basis of scientifically grasping the laws of nature, and expands and deepens the cognitive understanding of the natural world and the relationship between humanity and nature from the historical perspective of the rise and fall of human civilization and the world perspective of embracing the world.

以胸怀天下的眼光和格局重新诠释了自然对人类文明永续发展的重要意义。人类文明发展史表明，自然是人类存续的基础，是文明发展的根基，自然环境的状况直接影响人类文明的存亡兴衰。习近平生态文明思想系统总结了人类文明发展史上的经验教训，科学揭示了良好自然生态对于人类文明发展的重要意义，在科学把握自然规律的基础上深刻阐释了人类文明发展的自然决定因素，从人类文明兴衰的历史眼光和胸怀天下的世界眼光出发，拓展和深化了对自然世界以及人与自然关系的认知理解。

Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, from the height of the sustainable development of human civilization, explains the decisive role of nature for the survival of human civilization. Marxism holds that humanity lives by nature, and nature provides indispensable sources of means of subsistence and means of production for humanity. As a “latecomer” and an important component of the natural world, human production and life must take the natural environment as their carrier; human practical activities can hardly escape the constraints of the laws of nature, and the gifts of nature support the continuation and evolution of human civilization. Even the most advanced civilization and culture cannot do without a suitable natural environment. It can be said that the ecological environment directly concerns the reproduction and multiplication of humanity. In history, most human civilizations that created brilliant achievements originated in areas with a better natural ecological environment. However, along with humanity’s unrestrained development and utilization of nature, many civilizations have been submerged in the long river of history due to the deterioration of the natural ecological environment. In “Promoting China’s Ecological Civilization Construction to a New Level,” General Secretary Xi Jinping scientifically summarized the dialectical relationship between ecological environment changes and the rise and fall of civilizations, making the scientific judgment that “when the ecology thrives, civilization thrives; when the ecology declines, civilization declines,” profoundly explaining the important role of nature for the survival of human civilization. Nature is the basic premise for human existence and social development. Under the new era background, emphasizing handling the relationship between humanity and nature well and promoting the realization of harmony between humanity and nature centrally manifests the worldview significance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization.

习近平生态文明思想从人类文明永续发展的高度，诠释了自然界对人类文明存续的决定性作用。马克思主义认为，人靠自然界生活，自然界为人类提供了不可或缺的生活资料来源和生产资料来源。作为自然世界的“后来者”和重要组成部分，人类生产生活必须以自然环境为载体，人类的实践活动始终难以脱离自然规律的制约，自然的给予物支撑着人类文明的延续和演进。即使是最先进的文明文化，也离不开适宜于它的自然环境。可以说，生态环境直接关系人类的繁衍生息。历史上，创造出灿烂成果的人类文明大多发源于自然生态环境较好的地区，然而，伴随人类对自然无节制地开发利用，许多文明都因自然生态环境恶化而湮没于历史的长河中。在《推动我国生态文明建设迈上新台阶》中，习近平总书记科学总结了生态环境变化与文明兴衰演替的辩证关系，作出“生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰”的科学论断，深刻诠释了自然对人类文明存续的重要作用。自然界是人类赖以存在和社会发展的基础前提，在新的时代背景下，强调处理好人与自然的关系，推动实现人与自然和谐共生，集中彰显了习近平生态文明思想的世界观意义。

Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, with the broad vision of embracing the world, highlights the world ideal of jointly building a common home for humanity. Against the complex era background of changes unseen in a century, ecological and environmental problems are increasingly becoming important factors threatening the survival of human civilization and important issues of common concern to all countries in the world. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the importance of ecological civilization construction for world development and human civilization on international occasions. For example, “Working Together for Global Ecological Civilization and Building a Clean and Beautiful World” points out: “We should adhere to the concept of coexistence between humanity and nature, treat the ecological environment as we treat life, hold nature in awe, respect nature, follow nature’s ways, and protect nature, jointly protecting the irreplaceable home of the Earth,” emphasizing that “we must resolve the contradictions brought by industrial civilization, take harmony between humanity and nature as the goal, and achieve sustainable development of the world and the comprehensive development of humanity.” General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to and promotes international cooperation in ecological and environmental governance, making a series of important expositions on advancing global ecological and environmental governance and sustainable development. In “Working Together for a Green Life and Building a Beautiful Home,” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Building a beautiful home is the common dream of humanity. Facing the challenges of the ecological environment, humanity is a community with a shared future where one prospers and all prosper, and one suffers and all suffer. No country can stand alone. Only by joining hands and cooperating can we effectively respond to global environmental problems such as climate change, marine pollution, and biodiversity protection, and achieve the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals.”

习近平生态文明思想以胸怀天下的宏阔视野，彰显了携手共建人类共同家园的世界理想。在世界百年未有之大变局的复杂时代背景下，生态环境问题日渐成为威胁人类文明存续的重要因素，成为世界各国共同关注的重要问题。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次在国际场合强调生态文明建设对于世界发展和人类文明的重要性，比如，《共谋全球生态文明建设之路，努力建设清洁美丽的世界》指出“我们应该坚持人与自然共生共存的理念，像对待生命一样对待生态环境，对自然心存敬畏，尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，共同保护不可替代的地球家园”，强调“我们要解决好工业文明带来的矛盾，以人与自然和谐相处为目标，实现世界的可持续发展和人的全面发展”。习近平总书记高度重视并推动生态环境治理的国际合作，作出一系列关于推进全球生态环境治理及可持续发展的重要论述。在《共谋绿色生活，共建美丽家园》中，习近平总书记指出：“建设美丽家园是人类的共同梦想。面对生态环境挑战，人类是一荣俱荣、一损俱损的命运共同体，没有哪个国家能独善其身。唯有携手合作，我们才能有效应对气候变化、海洋污染、生物保护等全球性环境问题，实现联合国二〇三〇年可持续发展目标。”

Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization upholds the concept of harmony between humanity and nature, emphasizing the significance of nature for the survival of human civilization. This important thought, standing at the height of being responsible for the fate of future generations and all humanity, based on the broad vision of the sustainable development of human civilization, outlines the grand blueprint and practical path for jointly building a community of life on Earth and building a clean and beautiful world, reflecting profound thinking on the future destiny of humanity. The scientific worldview of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization provides value guidance and fundamental principles for us to deeply understand the laws of nature’s development and the relationship between humanity and nature, scientifically recognize the significance of nature for the survival of human civilization, and promote the realization of harmony between humanity and nature.

习近平生态文明思想秉持人与自然和谐共生理念，强调自然界对人类文明存续的重要意义。这一重要思想站在为子孙后代和人类命运负责的高度，立足人类文明永续发展的宏阔视野，擘画出共同构建地球生命共同体，共建清洁美丽世界的宏伟蓝图和实践路径，体现了对人类前途命运的深远思考。习近平生态文明思想的科学世界观，为我们深入理解自然界发展规律以及人与自然的关系，科学认识自然对人类文明存续的重要意义，推动实现人与自然和谐共生提供了价值指引和根本遵循。

From the worldview dimension, it reshapes the overall cognition of the relationship between humanity and nature, forming the theoretical foundation and thought paradigm for interpreting and understanding harmony between humanity and nature. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization’s systematic exposition of the relationship between humanity and nature not only reshapes the overall cognition of the complex “nature-human” system from the worldview perspective but also provides a solid theoretical foundation and thought paradigm for promoting the realization of harmony between humanity and nature.

从世界观维度重塑了对人与自然关系的整体认知，形成阐释理解人与自然和谐共生的理论基础与思想范式。习近平生态文明思想对人与自然关系的系统性论述，不仅从世界观上重塑了对“自然—人”复杂系统的整体认知，更为推动实现人与自然和谐共生提供了坚实理论基础和思想范式。

The worldview significance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is centrally embodied in its inheritance and innovation of the Marxist view of nature, achieving a historical reconciliation of the relationship between humanity and nature in the New Era from a theoretical dimension. In “Promoting China’s Ecological Civilization Construction to a New Level,” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To study Marx, one must study and practice Marx’s thought on the relationship between humanity and nature.” The Marxist view of nature scientifically demonstrates that humanity is a product of nature and a component of nature. Based on practice, the Marxist view of nature, on the one hand, emphasizes the priority and objectivity of nature over humanity; humanity must act in accordance with the laws of nature, and violating them will incur nature’s relentless revenge. On the other hand, the Marxist view of nature also emphasizes humanity’s subjective initiative, holding that humanity is not entirely passive before nature and should fully exert subjective initiative to grasp and utilize the laws of nature, achieving harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. The 2018 National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection proposed principles for advancing ecological civilization construction in the New Era, among which “adhering to harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature” was emphasized. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization upholds and develops the Marxist view of nature, closely integrates it with the practice of China’s ecological civilization construction in the New Era, and creatively proposes a series of iconic and original concepts concerning the relationship between humanity and nature, such as “building a community of life for humanity and nature” and “jointly building a community of life on Earth,” endowing the Marxist view of nature with new theoretical implications and contemporary connotations.

习近平生态文明思想的世界观意义集中体现为传承创新了马克思主义自然观，从理论维度上实现了新时代人与自然关系的历史性和解。在《推动我国生态文明建设迈上新台阶》中，习近平总书记指出：“学习马克思，就要学习和实践马克思主义关于人与自然关系的思想。”马克思主义自然观科学论证了人是自然的产物，是自然的组成部分。马克思主义自然观以实践为基础，一方面，强调自然界对于人类的先在性、客观性，人类必须按照自然规律办事，违背自然规律，就要受到自然无情的报复；另一方面，马克思主义自然观也强调人的主观能动性，认为人在自然面前并不是完全被动的，应充分发挥主观能动性，把握和利用自然规律，实现人与自然和谐共生。2018年全国生态环境保护大会提出了新时代推进生态文明建设的原则，其中强调“坚持人与自然和谐共生”。习近平生态文明思想坚持和发展马克思主义自然观，紧密结合新时代中国生态文明建设实践，创造性提出“构建人与自然生命共同体”“共建地球生命共同体”等一系列关于人与自然关系的标识性概念、原创性概念，赋予马克思主义自然观新的理论意蕴和时代内涵。

The worldview significance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is centrally manifested in its promotion of the ecological wisdom inherent in fine traditional Chinese culture, endowing it with vibrant theoretical vitality. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Chinese nation has always respected and loved nature; the Chinese civilization, spanning over five thousand years, has nurtured a rich ecological culture.” Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization inherits and develops the ecological concept of the unity of humanity and nature and the coexistence of all things, emphasizing: “Chinese civilization has always advocated the unity of humanity and nature, following the way of nature, and pursuing harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.” This important thought seeks wisdom from China’s ancient view of nature, scientifically drawing on the development concept of “taking with measure, using with restraint,” and emphasizing: “Limiting economic activities and human behavior within the carrying capacity of natural resources and the ecological environment, leaving time and space for nature to recuperate,” providing scientific epistemological guidance for correctly understanding and handling relationships such as production and ecology, development and protection, leading and promoting the coordination of economic and social development with population, resources, and the environment. This important thought scientifically absorbs the institutional view of “following the seasons and establishing regulations,” drawing experience from ancient China’s systems for protecting the ecological environment and natural resources, and explicitly stipulating the use of the strictest systems and the most rigorous rule of law to protect the ecological environment, and so on. Through the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese ecological culture, Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization demonstrates profound historical vision and deep cultural accumulation.

习近平生态文明思想的世界观意义集中表现为弘扬了中华优秀传统文化中的生态智慧，赋予其鲜活的理论生命力。习近平总书记指出：“中华民族向来尊重自然、热爱自然，绵延五千多年的中华文明孕育着丰富的生态文化。”习近平生态文明思想传承和发展了天人合一、万物并育的生态理念，强调：“中华文明历来崇尚天人合一、道法自然，追求人与自然和谐共生。”这一重要思想从我国古代自然观中找寻智慧，科学借鉴“取之有度、用之有节”的发展观，强调：“把经济活动、人的行为限制在自然资源和生态环境能够承受的限度内，给自然生态留下休养生息的时间和空间”，为正确认识和处理生产与生态、发展与保护等关系提供了科学认识论指导，引领和推动实现经济社会发展与人口、资源、环境相协调；这一重要思想科学吸收“顺天应时、建章立制”的制度观，从中国古代保护生态环境和自然资源的制度中汲取经验，明确用最严格制度最严密法治保护生态环境；等等。通过对中华优秀传统生态文化的创造性转化、创新性发展，习近平生态文明思想彰显了深远历史眼光和深厚文化积淀。

The worldview significance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is centrally manifested in its critical reference to worldview theories in Western ecological thought, constructing a new paradigm of the relationship between humanity and nature with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization transcends the binary oppositional thinking mode of “anthropocentrism” and “ecocentrism” in traditional Western ecological theoretical currents, explicitly advocating respect for nature, compliance with nature, and protection of nature, and promoting harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature as a distinctive feature of Chinese-path modernization. At the same time, based on a profound summary of the development paths and painful lessons of Western modernization, it deeply summarizes the Chinese approach to ecological civilization construction, emphasizing “jointly building a community of life on Earth,” “jointly building a community with a shared future for mankind,” and “jointly seeking global ecological civilization construction,” providing scientific worldview guidance for effectively addressing global ecological and environmental issues, leading and promoting the paradigm shift of human ecological civilization through the combination of theory and practice, and deepening and elevating the understanding of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

习近平生态文明思想的世界观意义集中表现为批判借鉴了西方生态思潮中的世界观理论，构建了具有中国特色的人与自然关系新范式。习近平生态文明思想超越了西方传统生态理论思潮中“人类中心”和“生态中心”二元对立的思维模式，明确尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，促进人与自然和谐共生是中国式现代化的鲜明特点。同时，在深刻总结西方现代化发展路径和惨痛教训的基础上，深刻总结生态文明建设的中国方式，强调“共建地球生命共同体”“携手构建人类命运共同体”“共谋全球生态文明建设”，为有效应对全球生态环境问题提供了科学世界观指引，在理论和实践相结合中引领和推动人类生态文明范式转型，深化和升华了对人与自然和谐共生的理解。

Providing Scientific Methodological Guidance for Advancing Ecological Civilization Construction in the New Era

为推进新时代生态文明建设提供科学方法论指导

Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization not only clarifies the theoretical guidance and fundamental principles for advancing ecological civilization construction and realizing the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, but also provides scientific methodological guidance for advancing ecological civilization construction in the New Era, possessing significant practical significance and contemporary value.

习近平生态文明思想不仅明确了推进生态文明建设、实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化的理论指引和根本遵循，更为推进新时代生态文明建设提供了科学方法论指导，具有重要的实践意义和时代价值。

Adhering to dialectical thinking that coordinates the multiple elements of ecological civilization construction. In “If Humanity Is Good to Nature, Nature Will Be Good to Humanity,” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Ecological environmental protection and economic development are not a relationship of contradiction and opposition, but a relationship of dialectical unity.” Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization applies the dialectical methodology of universal interconnection to advance ecological civilization construction, integrating ecological civilization construction into the overall development of economy, politics, culture, society, etc., for consideration, fully recognizing that ecological and environmental problems do not exist in isolation. Ecological civilization construction and economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, etc., are a dialectically unified, interactive, and inseparable whole. On this basis, it makes top-level design, scientific planning, and systematic consideration for major issues concerning the fundamental, strategic, and overall aspects of ecological civilization construction.

坚持统筹生态文明建设多元要素的辩证思维。在《人不负青山，青山定不负人》中，习近平总书记指出：“生态环境保护和经济发展不是矛盾对立的关系，而是辩证统一的关系。”习近平生态文明思想运用辩证的普遍联系方法论推进生态文明建设，将生态文明建设融入经济、政治、文化、社会等的整体发展中进行考量，充分认识到生态环境问题并不是孤立存在的，生态文明建设与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设等是辩证统一、相互作用、不可分割的整体，在此基础上，针对生态文明建设中事关根本性、战略性与全局性等重大问题作出顶层设计、科学谋划与系统考量。

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “In ecological environmental protection, one must establish a broad view, a long-term view, and a holistic view, and must not lose big for small, attend to one thing and lose another, eat the grain intended for the next year, or seek quick success and instant benefits.” The 18th National Congress of the CPC incorporated ecological civilization construction into the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, highlighting the strategic position of ecological civilization construction and explicitly proposing to vigorously advance ecological civilization construction. The 19th National Congress of the CPC incorporated “adhering to harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature” into the basic strategy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, and included “beautiful China” in the goal of building a great modern socialist country. The 20th National Congress of the CPC further proposed that Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. Ecological civilization construction is a complex project concerning the fundamental, overall, and long-term interests. Only by basing oneself on the fundamental, taking a broad view, planning for the long term, adhering to and applying dialectical thinking, and unifying the two-point theory and the key-point theory, can one handle the relationships among multiple elements and advance with historical patience and perseverance the fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, which is ecological civilization construction.

习近平总书记强调：“在生态环境保护上，一定要树立大局观、长远观、整体观，不能因小失大、顾此失彼、寅吃卯粮、急功近利。”党的十八大将生态文明建设纳入中国特色社会主义事业“五位一体”总体布局，突出生态文明建设的战略地位，明确提出大力推进生态文明建设。党的十九大把“坚持人与自然和谐共生”纳入新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略，把“美丽中国”纳入社会主义现代化强国目标。党的二十大进一步提出中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。生态文明建设是一项事关根本、全局和长远的复杂工程，只有立足根本、放眼全局、长远谋划，坚持和运用辩证思维，坚持两点论和重点论相统一，才能处理好多元要素的关系，以历史耐心和恒心深入推进生态文明建设这一关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。

Maintaining bottom-line thinking for strategic resolve in ecological civilization construction. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must be adept at using the method of ‘bottom-line thinking,’ preparing for the worst in all matters and striving for the best results, so that we can be prepared for any eventuality, remain calm in the face of difficulties, and firmly grasp the initiative.” Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization manifests the maintenance of strategic resolve in advancing ecological civilization construction through bottom-line thinking. Bottom-line thinking is mainly manifested in focusing on preparing for the worst, taking proactive action, and striving to achieve the best results. In the process of advancing ecological civilization construction in the New Era, adhering to bottom-line thinking requires a clear awareness of the arduousness, long-term nature, and complexity of ecological civilization construction, taking preventive measures, guarding against potential risks, and facing various difficulties and challenges with calm resolve, courage, and confidence.

保持生态文明建设战略定力的底线思维。习近平总书记强调：“要善于运用‘底线思维’的方法，凡事从坏处准备，努力争取最好的结果，这样才能有备无患、遇事不慌，牢牢把握主动权。”习近平生态文明思想彰显以底线思维保持推进生态文明建设的战略定力。底线思维，主要表现为着眼最坏处准备，在行动上积极主动，争取实现最好的结果。在推进新时代生态文明建设过程中，坚持底线思维就要清醒认识到生态文明建设的艰巨性、长期性和复杂性，做到未雨绸缪、防患于未然，以从容不迫的定力、勇气和信心面对各种困难挑战。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has always regarded bottom-line thinking as an important method for enhancing strategic resolve in ecological civilization construction, emphasizing: “The ecological environment has no substitute; it goes unnoticed when used, and is hard to recover once lost,” and demanding that we “protect the ecological environment as we protect our eyes, and treat the ecological environment as we treat our lives.” These fully demonstrate the extreme importance of adhering to bottom-line thinking and maintaining strategic resolve in advancing ecological civilization construction. In “Maintaining Strategic Resolve in Strengthening Ecological Civilization Construction,” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must maintain resolve in strengthening ecological environmental protection and construction, without wavering, without relaxing, and without opening loopholes.” Ecological civilization construction concerns the rise and fall of civilizations and the survival of humanity, and is closely related to national interests and the well-being of the people. It is imperative to firmly guard this bottom line and red line concerning survival and decline, ensuring it is not crossed or breached.

习近平总书记始终将底线思维作为增强生态文明建设战略定力的重要思维方法，强调：“生态环境没有替代品，用之不觉，失之难存”，要求要“像保护眼睛一样保护生态环境，像对待生命一样对待生态环境”，这些都充分说明了在推进生态文明建设中坚守底线思维、保持战略定力的极端重要性。习近平总书记在《保持加强生态文明建设的战略定力》中指出：“要保持加强生态环境保护建设的定力，不动摇、不松劲、不开口子。”生态文明建设关乎文明兴衰、人类存亡，与国家利益和人民福祉息息相关，必须牢牢守住这一事关兴衰存亡的底线红线不逾越、不突破。

At present, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, and China’s economic and social development faces profound changes in the external environment. As soon as economic and social development encounters difficulties, some people may entertain the idea of relaxing or slackening ecological and environmental protection, or even think about expanding the scale of projects and launching new initiatives, exchanging temporary local economic growth for environmental sacrifice, crossing red lines, stepping over bottom lines, and turning back the clock on ecological and environmental protection. Such ideas and practices are all erroneous and unworkable. In “Promoting Ecological Progress and Reforming China’s Environmental Management System,” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To advance ecological progress and solve the problems of tightening resource constraints, serious environmental pollution, and ecosystem degradation, we must adopt some hard measures.” [9]9 This quotation is from Xi Jinping’s speech at the 26th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms, held on July 22, 2015. This profoundly indicates that advancing ecological progress must adhere to bottom-line thinking, resolutely refrain from crossing the threshold on ecological and environmental protection issues, promote economic and social development within the carrying capacity of ecosystems, and firmly build the foundation of ecological civilization with bottom-line thinking.

当前，世界进入新的动荡变革期，我国经济社会发展面临深刻变化的外部环境。经济社会发展一遇到困难，有人就可能萌生生态环境保护缓一缓、松一松的想法，甚至想着铺摊子、上项目，以牺牲环境为代价换取一时一地的经济增长，在生态环境保护上碰红线、踩底线、开倒车。诸如此类的想法和做法都是错误的，也是行不通的。在《推进生态文明建设，改革我国环保管理体制》中，习近平总书记指出：“推进生态文明建设，解决资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的问题，必须采取一些硬措施”。这深刻指明，推进生态文明建设必须坚持底线思维，坚决做到在生态环境保护问题上不越雷池一步，在生态承载力范围内推动经济社会发展，坚持以底线思维筑牢生态文明建设的根基。

Adhere to the systematic thinking of integrated protection and restoration of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts. [10]10 The phrase “mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts” (山水林田湖草沙) is a standard Chinese formulation for the components of an integrated ecosystem, expanded from an earlier four-element version to include grasslands and deserts. In “Adhering to the Systematic Thinking That Mountains, Waters, Forests, and Farmlands Are a Community of Life,” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must use the method of systems theory to look at problems. An ecosystem is an organic living body; we should coordinate water management with mountain management, water management with forest management, water management with farmland management, and mountain management with forest management.” This profoundly reveals that ecological progress is a systematic project; only by coordinating all elements of the ecosystem and strengthening collaborative governance can results be achieved. Adhering to the systematic thinking of integrated governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts is one of the methodological characteristics of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, prominently embodying the use of a holistic, interconnected, dynamic, and developmental perspective to think about and solve ecological and environmental problems, grasping the organic interconnections of natural ecosystems as a whole, and using a connected and developmental perspective to understand and grasp the essential characteristics, basic functions, and evolutionary laws of various natural elements and different ecosystems. In practice, this achieves overall planning and systematic governance, providing scientific methodological guidance for advancing ecological progress and innovating ecological and environmental governance methods.

坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复的生态治理系统思维。习近平总书记在《坚持山水林田湖是一个生命共同体的系统思想》中指出：“要用系统论的思想方法看问题，生态系统是一个有机生命躯体，应该统筹治水和治山、治水和治林、治水和治田、治山和治林等。”这深刻揭示了生态文明建设是一项系统工程，只有统筹生态系统各类要素，加强协同治理才能取得实效。坚持山水林田湖草沙系统治理的系统思维，是习近平生态文明思想的方法论特征之一，突出体现了用整体、联系、动态、发展的眼光思考和解决生态环境问题，从整体上把握自然生态系统的有机关联，用联系和发展的眼光认识和把握多种自然要素及不同生态系统的本质特征、基本功能及演变规律，在实践中做到统筹兼顾、系统治理，为推进生态文明建设，创新生态环境治理方式提供了科学方法论指导。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Use control and ecological restoration must follow the laws of nature. If tree planters only plant trees, water managers only manage water, and farmland protectors only protect farmland, it is easy to lose sight of the whole and ultimately cause systemic damage to the ecosystem.” Adhering to systematic thinking to advance ecological progress focuses on solving problems that once existed in natural resource management and ecological governance, such as fragmented governance by multiple departments, each managing its own area, unclear powers and responsibilities, and mutual constraints, thereby resolving the contradiction between the integrity of the ecosystem and the fragmentation of administrative units, and thus advancing ecological progress more effectively and efficiently.

习近平总书记指出：“用途管制和生态修复必须遵循自然规律，如果种树的只管种树、治水的只管治水、护田的单纯护田，很容易顾此失彼，最终造成生态的系统性破坏。”坚持系统思维推进生态文明建设，重在解决在自然资源管理和生态治理中一度存在的九龙治水、各管一处、权责不明、相互掣肘等问题，化解生态系统整体性和行政单元分割性之间的矛盾，从而更加有力有效地推进生态文明建设。

Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization profoundly indicates the direction, goals, pathways, and principles of ecological progress. It is a major theoretical achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The scientific worldview and methodology it contains possess significant theoretical innovation and practical guidance, leading and driving us to continuously deepen our understanding and grasp of the laws of nature, the laws of economic and social development, and the laws of the development of human civilization. Against the backdrop of an era in which ecological and environmental issues are increasingly becoming severe challenges faced jointly by all countries in the world, the distinctive path adhered to by China’s ecological progress, the Chinese wisdom it embodies, the Chinese solutions it proposes, and the Chinese strength it contributes provide a reference for countries around the world to jointly respond to ecological risks and challenges, strengthen collaborative governance, and build a beautiful home together. We should take the publication and distribution of the first volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Ecological Civilization* as an opportunity to deeply study, comprehend, and grasp the scientific worldview and methodology contained in Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, continuously promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, and institutional innovation in ecological civilization, advance the construction of a beautiful China with the broad vision and global commitment of building a community with a shared future for mankind, jointly build a clean and beautiful world, and gather strong joint forces for the sustainable development of human civilization.

习近平生态文明思想深刻指明生态文明建设的方向、目标、途径和原则，是马克思主义中国化时代化的重大理论成果，蕴含其中的科学世界观和方法论具有重大理论创新性和实践引领性，指引和推动我们不断深化对自然规律、经济社会发展规律、人类文明发展规律的理解和把握。在生态环境问题日益成为世界各国共同面对的严峻挑战的时代背景下，我国生态文明建设所坚持的特色道路、蕴含的中国智慧、提出的中国方案和贡献的中国力量，为世界各国携手共同应对生态风险挑战、加强协同治理、共建美丽家园提供了借鉴。我们要以《习近平生态文明文选》第一卷的出版发行为契机，深入学习、领会、把握习近平生态文明思想蕴含的科学世界观和方法论，不断推动生态文明理论创新、实践创新、制度创新，以构建人类命运共同体的宽广视野和天下情怀推动美丽中国建设，共建清洁美丽世界，为人类文明永续发展汇聚强大合力。

(The author is a professor at the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC (National Academy of Governance))

（作者为中共中央党校（国家行政学院）教授）

Online editor: Chu Yang

网络编辑：初阳