Striving to Write a New Chapter in the Construction of the Pilot Demonstration Zone of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

Special economic zones are the earliest regions in China to open up to the outside world, the most active regions in foreign economic exchanges, and the regions that best represent the image of reform and opening up. When presiding over the handover segment of the 32nd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, President Xi Jinping pointed out: “Shenzhen, located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, has developed from a backward fishing village into a modern international metropolis over the past few decades. It is a miracle in the history of world development created by the Chinese people, and also an important window demonstrating China's unwavering commitment to a win-win strategy of opening up.” He also announced that China will host the 33rd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, in November next year. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments on the construction of special economic zones, many of which are included in the first and second volumes of *On Persevering with Comprehensively Deepening Reform*. For example, “Special Economic Zones Must Grasp Their New Strategic Positioning” points out: “Special economic zones must remain true to their original aspiration and founding mission, find a new orientation amid the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream, and grasp their new strategic positioning.” Shenzhen is a brand-new city created by the Party and the people after reform and opening up, a brilliant rendition of socialism with Chinese characteristics on a blank sheet of paper. Since the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has entrusted Shenzhen with the new historical mission of building a pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, charting the course and guiding the direction for Shenzhen from a strategic and overall perspective. In his “Speech at the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Shenzhen must build a pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, create a city model for a modern socialist country, improve its ability and level to implement the new development philosophy, form a new pattern of comprehensively deepening reform and comprehensively expanding opening up, advance the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, enrich the new practice of the ‘one country, two systems’ cause, and take the lead in realizing socialist modernization.” General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech is a programmatic document guiding Shenzhen’s development in the New Era. Following the direction charted by General Secretary Xi Jinping, Shenzhen forges ahead with determination, holding the banner of reform and opening up higher and more steadily, and accumulating valuable experience for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization through creative practice in responding to changes and opening up new horizons.

经济特区是我国最早对外开放的地区，是对外经济交流最活跃的地区，也是最能代表改革开放形象的地区。习近平主席出席亚太经合组织第三十二次领导人非正式会议东道主交接环节时指出：“深圳地处太平洋沿岸，几十年间从一个落后的小渔村发展成为现代化国际大都市，是中国人民创造的世界发展史上的一个奇迹，也是中国坚定不移奉行互利共赢开放战略的重要窗口”，并宣布中方将于明年11月在广东省深圳市举办亚太经合组织第三十三次领导人非正式会议。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕经济特区建设提出一系列新思想新观点新论断，其中许多都收入《论坚持全面深化改革》第一卷、第二卷中。比如，《经济特区要把握好新的战略定位》指出：“经济特区要不忘初心、牢记使命，在伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想中寻找新的方位，把握好新的战略定位。”深圳是改革开放后党和人民一手缔造的崭新城市，是中国特色社会主义在一张白纸上的精彩演绎。新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央赋予深圳建设好中国特色社会主义先行示范区新的历史使命，从战略和全局高度为深圳把脉定向、指路领航。习近平总书记在《在深圳经济特区建立四十周年庆祝大会上的讲话》中指出：“深圳要建设好中国特色社会主义先行示范区，创建社会主义现代化强国的城市范例，提高贯彻落实新发展理念能力和水平，形成全面深化改革、全面扩大开放新格局，推进粤港澳大湾区建设，丰富‘一国两制’事业发展新实践，率先实现社会主义现代化。”习近平总书记的重要讲话，是指引新时代深圳发展的纲领性文献。深圳沿着习近平总书记指引的方向砥砺前行，把改革开放的旗帜举得更高更稳，在应变开新的创造性实践中为全面推进中国式现代化建设积累了宝贵经验。

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions provide scientific guidance for Shenzhen to build a pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

习近平总书记的重要论述为深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区提供了科学指引

Adhering to the guidance of scientific theory is a magic weapon for the invincibility of the Party’s and the country’s cause. In “Special Economic Zones Must Grasp Their New Strategic Positioning,” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the successful practice of the special economic zones “fully proves that the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy formed since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party are completely correct.” In his “Speech at the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,” he pointed out: “The Party Central Committee has high hopes for Shenzhen’s reform and opening up, innovation, and development.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has visited Shenzhen many times in person, pointing out the development direction for Shenzhen to build a pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, delivering a series of important speeches and making a series of important instructions and directives, providing a scientific guide and fundamental guidance for Shenzhen’s construction and development in the New Era.

坚持科学理论指导是党和国家事业无往不胜的法宝。习近平总书记在《经济特区要把握好新的战略定位》中指出，经济特区的成功实践“充分证明了党的十一届三中全会以来形成的党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略是完全正确的”；在《在深圳经济特区建立四十周年庆祝大会上的讲话》中指出：“党中央对深圳改革开放、创新发展寄予厚望。”党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次亲临深圳考察，指明深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区的发展方向，发表一系列重要讲话、作出一系列重要指示批示，为新时代深圳建设发展提供了科学指南和根本遵循。

Clarifying the new historical mission provides navigation and orientation for Shenzhen’s development in the New Era. Serving as an important window and a demonstration and leading role for the country’s reform and opening up and socialist modernization is the glorious mission of the special economic zones in the New Era. Facing new situations, new tasks, and new challenges, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized “advancing reform and opening up from

明确新的历史使命，为新时代深圳发展导航定向。发挥对全国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的重要窗口和示范带动作用，是经济特区在新时代的光荣使命。面对新形势新任务新挑战，习近平总书记强调“在更高起点上推进改革开放，推动经济特区工作开创新局面，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现第二个百年奋斗目标作出新的更大的贡献”，要求深圳朝着建设好中国特色社会主义先行示范区的方向前行，创建社会主义现代化强国的城市范例，率先实现社会主义现代化。这一新的历史使命，着眼全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，深刻阐明了深圳要在继续推动改革发展的基础上，着力解决好发展不平衡不充分问题，大力提升发展质量和效益，不断满足人民对美好生活的向往，更好促进物的全面丰富、人的全面发展、社会全面进步，继续把中国特色社会主义事业推向前进，把人类文明新形态推向新境界，标定了深圳在新时代中国改革开放和现代化建设大局中的新坐标，指引深圳在更高起点、更高层次、更高目标上推进改革开放，率先探索全面建设社会主义现代化国家新路径，努力创造让世界刮目相看的新的更大奇迹，为全面展示中国特色社会主义的制度优越性和强大生命力作出新贡献。

Making concrete arrangements closely centered on the theme of Chinese-path modernization has charted the course for Shenzhen's pioneering practice and opened up new prospects. Chinese-path modernization is the only correct path for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. Advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese-path modernization is the central task of the Party and the state in the New Era and on the new journey. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core places great importance on leveraging the pioneering and exemplary role of special economic zones in the practice of Chinese-path modernization. It has promoted the issuance of a series of important documents, including the *Opinions on Supporting Shenzhen in Building a Pilot Demonstration Zone of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics*, the *Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Reform Pilot Program for Shenzhen to Build a Pilot Demonstration Zone of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (2020–2025)*, and the *Opinions on Deepening the Comprehensive Reform Pilot Program in Shenzhen to Further Reform, Innovate, and Expand Opening Up*. It has supported the construction of major open platforms such as the Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone and the Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone, providing meticulous guidance for Shenzhen's reform, opening up, and innovative development. It has integrated the essential requirements, major principles, and strategic deployments of Chinese-path modernization throughout the entire process and in all aspects of the practice of building the pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, fully reflecting a profound grasp of the laws governing Chinese-path modernization. This series of important deployments has guided Shenzhen to closely focus on coordinating the advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan [1]1 The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan refers to China's overall plan for promoting economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization progress. and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy [2]2 The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy refers to comprehensively building a modern socialist country, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country according to law, and comprehensively and strictly governing the Party., driving historic achievements in reform and development across economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, ecological civilization construction, and Party building. It has continuously advanced and expanded the practical path of Chinese-path modernization, striving to write a new chapter in the municipal practice of Chinese-path modernization.

紧扣中国式现代化主题作出具体部署，为深圳先行实践开拓新篇指明路径。中国式现代化是强国建设、民族复兴的唯一正确道路。以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，是新时代新征程党和国家的中心任务。以习近平同志为核心的党中央十分重视发挥经济特区在中国式现代化实践中的先行探索和示范引领作用，推动出台《关于支持深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区的意见》《深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区综合改革试点实施方案（2020—2025年）》《关于深入推进深圳综合改革试点深化改革创新扩大开放的意见》等一系列重要文件，支持建设前海深港现代服务业合作区、河套深港科技创新合作区等重大开放平台，对深圳改革开放、创新发展悉心指导，把中国式现代化的本质要求、重大原则、战略部署等贯穿于中国特色社会主义先行示范区建设实践的全过程各方面，充分体现了对中国式现代化建设规律的深刻把握。这一系列重要部署，指引深圳紧紧围绕统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，推动经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设和党的建设各领域改革发展取得历史性成就，持续推进和拓展中国式现代化实践路径，奋力谱写中国式现代化市域实践的新华章。

Adhering to the new development concept to guide economic and social development, drawing a new blueprint for Shenzhen to advance high-quality development. The new development concept plays a strategic, programmatic, and guiding role in the process of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the new development concept, accelerating the construction of a new development pattern, and promoting high-quality development are inherent requirements for advancing Chinese-path modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has required Shenzhen to unswervingly implement the new development concept, adhere to development as the top priority, talent as the primary resource, and innovation as the primary driving force, and strive to achieve higher-quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable, and safer development; it has required Shenzhen to anchor the strategic goals of a high-quality development highland, a model of law-based governance, a model of urban civilization, a benchmark for people’s livelihood and happiness, and a pioneer in sustainable development, to take the lead in building a modern economic system that reflects the requirements of high-quality development, to take the lead in creating a democratic and legal environment that embodies fairness and justice, to take the lead in shaping a modern urban civilization that showcases the prosperity and flourishing of socialist culture, to take the lead in forming a livelihood development pattern of joint contribution, shared governance, and common prosperity, and to take the lead in creating a model of a beautiful China where humanity and nature coexist harmoniously. This series of important deployments and requirements systematically grasps the core essence of building a modern people’s city, clarifies the development thinking, direction, and focus of Shenzhen in the New Era, and guides Shenzhen to adhere to innovation-driven development to lead the development of new quality productive forces, to write the era’s answer sheet of “the rich driving the poor” through coordinated development, to comprehensively advance the construction of a model of a beautiful China through green development, to make the “two important windows” [3]3 The “two important windows” refers to Shenzhen’s role as both a window for showcasing China’s reform and opening-up achievements to the outside world and a window for China to engage with the global economy. shine brighter through open development, and to build a city of people’s happiness through shared development, thereby more firmly taking the path of Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development.

坚持以新发展理念统领经济社会发展，为深圳推进高质量发展擘画新局。新发展理念在全面建设社会主义现代化国家进程中具有战略性、纲领性、引领性作用。完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，是推进中国式现代化的内在要求。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央要求深圳坚定不移贯彻新发展理念，坚持发展是第一要务、人才是第一资源、创新是第一动力，努力实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展；要求深圳锚定高质量发展高地、法治城市示范、城市文明典范、民生幸福标杆、可持续发展先锋战略目标，率先建设体现高质量发展要求的现代化经济体系、率先营造彰显公平正义的民主法治环境、率先塑造展现社会主义文化繁荣兴盛的现代城市文明、率先形成共建共治共享共同富裕的民生发展格局、率先打造人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国典范等。这一系列重要部署要求，系统把握现代化人民城市建设核心本质，阐明了新时代深圳的发展思路、方向和着力点，指引深圳坚持以创新发展引领新质生产力发展、以协调发展书写“先富带后富”的时代答卷、以绿色发展全面推进美丽中国典范建设、以开放发展把“两个重要窗口”擦得更亮、以共享发展打造民生幸福之城，更加坚定通过高质量发展走好中国式现代化之路。

Focusing on key areas and critical links to exert efforts, providing an action guide for Shenzhen to enhance development momentum. Emphasizing key points and promoting the transformation of reform from local exploration and breakthrough to systemic integration and comprehensive deepening is an important experience in China’s steady progress in reform and opening up. Entering the New Era, Shenzhen is at a critical juncture of transforming its development mode, optimizing its economic structure, shifting growth drivers, and improving governance efficiency. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with forward-looking strategic vision, has made overall plans, highlighting systemic, holistic, and synergistic approaches, supporting Shenzhen in implementing comprehensive reform pilot projects, and taking the lead in key areas such as improving the market-based allocation of production factors and optimizing the market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment; it has required Shenzhen to act proactively, deeply advance the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, accelerate institutional opening-up in rules, regulations, management, and standards, and take the lead in building a new system for a higher-level open economy; it has required Shenzhen to unswervingly implement the innovation-driven development strategy and build a highland for science, technology, and industrial innovation with global influence; it has creatively proposed the concept of “full-cycle management” [4]4 “Full-cycle management” is a concept emphasizing the systematic and continuous management of urban governance across all stages, from planning and construction to operation and renewal, particularly suited to the complexities of megacities., requiring Shenzhen to accelerate the modernization of its urban governance system and governance capacity, and strive to find a new path of governance that conforms to the characteristics and laws of megacities; and so on. These important deployments fully embody the systematic dialectical view of combining top-level design with practical exploration, and systemic advancement with local breakthroughs, providing an action guide for Shenzhen to further consolidate and enhance its development advantages and solve development difficulties, guiding Shenzhen to accurately identify changes, scientifically respond to changes, and actively seek changes, persist in being an important window, experimental platform, pioneer, and doer of reform and opening up, and create more strategically significant, pioneering, and leading Shenzhen experiences, Shenzhen models, and Shenzhen benchmarks.

扭住关键领域和重点环节发力，为深圳增强发展动力提供行动指南。注重突出重点，推动改革由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化转变，是我国改革开放稳步推进的重要经验。进入新时代，深圳处于转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力、提升治理效能的关键时刻。以习近平同志为核心的党中央以前瞻性战略眼光谋篇布局，突出系统性、整体性、协同性，支持深圳实施综合改革试点，在完善要素市场化配置体制机制、优化市场化法治化国际化营商环境等重点领域先行先试；要求深圳积极作为，深入推进粤港澳大湾区建设，加快推进规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放，率先建设更高水平开放型经济新体制；要求深圳坚定不移实施创新驱动发展战略，建设具有全球影响力的科技和产业创新高地；创造性提出“全周期管理”理念，要求深圳加快推动城市治理体系和治理能力现代化，努力走出一条符合超大型城市特点和规律的治理新路子；等等。这些重要部署，充分体现了坚持顶层设计与实践探索相结合、系统推进与局部突破相结合的系统辩证观，为深圳进一步巩固提升发展优势、破解发展难题提供了行动指南，指引深圳精准识变、科学应变、主动求变，坚持当好改革开放的重要窗口、试验平台、开拓者和实干家，创造更多具有战略性、开创性、引领性的深圳经验、深圳模式、深圳标杆。

Since the New Era, Shenzhen has achieved important results in advancing the construction of the Pilot Demonstration Area of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.

新时代以来深圳推进中国特色社会主义先行示范区建设取得重要成果

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his “Speech at the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone”: “The vast number of cadres and masses in Shenzhen, overcoming difficulties and working hard, have completed in forty years a journey that took some international metropolises over a hundred years.” Since the New Era, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, Shenzhen has held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, strived to advance the construction of the Pilot Demonstration Area of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, and opened up a new realm of exploring and practicing Chinese-path modernization at the municipal level.

习近平总书记在《在深圳经济特区建立四十周年庆祝大会上的讲话》中指出：“深圳广大干部群众披荆斩棘、埋头苦干，用四十年时间走过了国外一些国际化大都市上百年走完的历程。”新时代以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，深圳高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，奋力推进中国特色社会主义先行示范区建设，开辟中国式现代化市域探索实践的新境界。

Making every effort to strengthen the innovation engine, new quality productive forces are accelerating development. Chinese-path modernization requires the support of scientific and technological modernization, and achieving high-quality development requires cultivating new momentum through scientific and technological innovation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Shenzhen has always adhered to the concept that innovation is the primary driving force, unswervingly implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, built an innovation system with enterprises as the main body, the market as the orientation, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research, and created a science, technology, and industrial innovation center with global significant influence. It has continuously increased the intensity of innovation investment, vigorously promoted the construction of a source of original innovation, and cultivated and strengthened strategic scientific and technological forces; it has continuously strengthened the dominant position of enterprises in innovation, giving rise to a large number of world-class innovative enterprises such as Huawei, DJI, and BYD; it has promoted the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, forming a modern industrial system with strategic emerging industry clusters as the main body and future industries as supplements. In 2024, Shenzhen’s total R&D investment reached 223.661 billion yuan, accounting for 6.46% of GDP; enterprise R&D investment accounted for 93.3% of total social R&D investment, ranking first in the country in total amount. Under the leadership and support of innovation, Shenzhen’s economic development has achieved a new leap, with per capita GDP increasing from 123,200 yuan in 2012 to 205,700 yuan in 2024. Shenzhen has forged the gene of innovation into the blood of the city, creating the “Shenzhen speed” of quickly transforming ideas into products and promoting rapid innovation iteration, successfully embarking on a mutually reinforcing and dual-strengthening path where technology empowers industry and industry feeds back innovation.

全力做强创新引擎，新质生产力加速发展。中国式现代化要靠科技现代化作支撑，实现高质量发展要靠科技创新培育新动能。党的十八大以来，深圳始终坚持创新是第一动力的理念，坚定不移实施创新驱动发展战略，构建以企业为主体、以市场为导向、产学研深度融合的创新体系，打造具有全球重要影响力的产业科技创新中心。持续加大创新投入强度，大力推动原始创新策源地建设，培育加强战略科技力量；不断强化企业创新主体地位，涌现出华为、大疆、比亚迪等一大批世界一流创新型企业；推动科技创新与产业创新深度融合，形成以战略性新兴产业集群为主体、未来产业为补充的现代化产业体系。2024年，深圳全社会研发投入2236.61亿元，占GDP比重6.46%；企业研发投入占全社会研发投入比重93.3%，总量居全国第一。在创新引领和支撑下，深圳经济发展实现新跨越，人均GDP从2012年的12.32万元增加到2024年的20.57万元。深圳把创新的基因熔铸在城市的血液里，创造了迅速把创意转化为产品、推动创新快速迭代的“深圳速度”，成功走出了一条科技赋能产业、产业反哺创新的互促双强之路。

Deeply implementing comprehensive reform pilot projects, the momentum for high-quality development is fully activated. To comprehensively advance Chinese-path modernization through high-quality development, it is necessary to comprehensively deepen reform, continuously liberate and develop social productive forces, and liberate and enhance social vitality. Shenzhen firmly seizes the opportunity of implementing comprehensive reform pilot projects, focuses on solving practical problems encountered in high-quality development, adheres to the organic combination of top-level design and grassroots exploration, plans and introduces a series of creative and leading reform measures, creating over 60 “national firsts,” and promoting 48 innovative measures and typical experiences nationwide. It has continuously deepened the market-oriented allocation reform of production factors, continuously optimized the market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment, took the lead in establishing a personal bankruptcy system, and took the lead in relaxing market access for new business formats; it has advanced reform pilots such as the evaluation of scientific and technological talents and the recognition of foreign “high-level, sophisticated, and urgently needed” talents. Shenzhen has always upheld the spirit of reform, used ideological breakthroughs to lead reform breakthroughs, used institutional innovation to solve development problems, fully stimulated the innovation and creativity of the whole society and the endogenous driving force of high-quality development, and promoted the leapfrog development of the special economic zone.

深入实施综合改革试点，高质量发展动力全面激活。以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化，必须全面深化改革，不断解放和发展社会生产力、解放和增强社会活力。深圳牢牢抓住实施综合改革试点契机，着眼于解决高质量发展中遇到的实际问题，坚持顶层设计同基层探索有机结合，策划推出一批创造性、引领性改革举措，创造了60多项“全国第一”，48条创新举措和典型经验在全国推广。不断深化要素市场化配置改革，持续优化市场化法治化国际化营商环境，率先建立个人破产制度，率先放宽新业态市场准入；推进科技人才评价、外籍“高精尖缺”人才认定等改革试点。深圳始终秉持改革精神，以思想破冰引领改革突围，用制度创新破解发展难题，充分激发了全社会创新创造活力和高质量发展内生动力，推动经济特区跨越式发展。

Comprehensively expanding high-standard opening up, the strategic hub function of the dual circulation is continuously strengthened. Opening up is a distinct hallmark of Chinese-path modernization, running through the entire process of Chinese-path modernization, laying a solid material foundation and opening up broad development space for it. Shenzhen focuses on building a new system for a higher-standard open economy, advancing opening up on a larger scale, in broader fields, and at a deeper level, enhancing its functions of smoothing domestic circulation and linking domestic and international dual circulation, and creating new advantages in international cooperation and competition. In 2024, the total volume of foreign trade imports and exports reached 4.5 trillion yuan, ranking first among all cities nationwide, with foreign trade exports leading the country for 32 consecutive years. It continuously deepens high-standard opening up and cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao, helping to significantly improve the level of market integration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area; comprehensively advances institutional opening up, relying on major strategic platforms such as Qianhai and the Hetao Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone to create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment aligned with international standards; deeply participates in the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, carrying out pilots such as high-standard cross-border trade and investment opening up, with the total import and export volume with countries jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative exceeding 10 trillion yuan cumulatively. Shenzhen has always stood at the forefront of the tide and opening up, driven by steadily expanding institutional opening up, promoting multi-level and multi-field foreign exchanges and cooperation, serving as a base, a platform, a channel, and a hub in serving the domestic and international dual circulation, becoming a configuration center for global high-end factors such as capital, technology, data, and talent.

全面扩大高水平开放，双循环战略枢纽功能不断增强。开放是中国式现代化的鲜明标识，贯穿于中国式现代化发展的全过程，为中国式现代化厚植坚实物质基础、开辟广阔发展空间。深圳聚焦建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，在更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次上推进对外开放，增强畅通国内大循环和联通国内国际双循环的功能，增创国际合作和竞争新优势。2024年外贸进出口总额达4.5万亿元，总量跃居全国城市首位，其中外贸出口连续32年领跑全国。持续深化与港澳高水平开放合作，助力粤港澳大湾区市场一体化水平显著提升；全面推进制度型开放，依托前海、河套等重大战略平台，打造与国际接轨的透明稳定可预期的制度环境；深度参与高质量共建“一带一路”，开展跨境贸易投资高水平开放等试点，与“一带一路”共建国家进出口总额累计突破10万亿元。深圳始终勇立潮头、走在开放最前沿，以稳步扩大制度型开放为牵引，推动多层次、多领域对外交流合作，在服务国内国际双循环中作基地、作平台、作通道、作枢纽，成为全球资本、技术、数据、人才等高端要素的配置中心。

Innovating to promote the modernization of urban governance, creating a new situation in the construction of a people's city. The modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is an important part of Chinese-path modernization, providing strong impetus and institutional guarantees for it. Shenzhen deeply practices the concept of a people's city, actively explores and deepens local practices of whole-process people's democracy, promotes innovation in urban governance means, models, and concepts, and builds a model of modern governance for a mega-city. It continuously optimizes layout, strengthens functions, expands space, and improves quality, applying meticulous efforts to use and manage every inch of space; deeply advances the ecological construction of "Mountains and Seas Connected, Green and Beautiful Shenzhen," making clear waters, blue skies, green lands, and green mountains the most beautiful background; strengthens the construction of urban lifeline projects to enhance the level of urban safety and resilience; builds a high-quality culturally strong city, carrying out high-level cultural-ethical progress creation, fine literary and artistic works creation, urban public cultural services, and cultural brand system construction; improves the smart city and digital government construction system, allowing citizens to enjoy a smart new life; innovates the path of Party building leading grassroots governance, fully activating the "nerve endings" of grassroots Party building. Shenzhen builds an innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and smart modern people's city, achieving urban structure optimization, kinetic energy conversion, quality improvement, green transformation, cultural continuity, and governance efficiency enhancement, forging a new path of mega-city governance with Shenzhen characteristics.

创新推动城市治理现代化，人民城市建设开创新局面。国家治理体系和治理能力现代化是中国式现代化的重要内容，为中国式现代化提供强大动力与制度保障。深圳深入践行人民城市理念，积极探索深化全过程人民民主地方实践，推动城市治理手段、治理模式、治理理念创新，打造超大型城市现代化治理的典范。持续优布局、强功能、拓空间、提品质，下足绣花功夫，用好管好每一寸空间；深入推进“山海连城 绿美深圳”生态建设，让碧水蓝天、绿地青山成为最美底色；加强城市生命线工程建设，提升城市安全韧性水平；建设高质量文化强市，高水平开展文明创建、文艺精品创作、城市公共文化服务和文化品牌体系建设；完善智慧城市和数字政府建设体系，让市民畅享智慧新生活；创新党建引领基层治理路径，全面激活基层党建“神经末梢”。深圳建设创新、宜居、美丽、韧性、文明、智慧的现代化人民城市，实现城市结构优化、动能转换、品质提升、绿色转型、文脉赓续、治理增效，走出一条具有深圳特色的超大型城市治理新路子。

Anchoring on the people's aspiration for a better life, taking the lead in embarking on a new path to common prosperity. Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important feature of Chinese-path modernization. Shenzhen responds to the people's new expectations for a better life, wholeheartedly and with genuine feeling handling practical matters that benefit the people. It insists on running education that satisfies the people, continuously optimizing the supply of educational resources; continuously promotes the expansion of high-quality medical resources and balanced regional layout, improving the operational mechanism of the integrated medical service system; improves the "market + security" housing supply system, actively promotes the construction of community-embedded service facilities focusing on "the elderly and the young," and includes flexible employment and workers in new forms of employment into the scope of social security coverage. It better plays its role as the core engine in the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and its radiating and driving role in the national chessboard, exemplarily fulfilling the solemn commitment of "the rich helping the poor."

锚定人民对美好生活的向往，率先走出共同富裕新路径。共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求，是中国式现代化的重要特征。深圳顺应人民群众对美好生活的新期盼，用心用情办好惠民实事。坚持办人民满意的教育，推动教育资源供给不断优化；持续推进优质医疗资源扩容和区域均衡布局，完善整合型医疗服务体系运作机制；完善“市场+保障”住房供应体系，聚焦“一老一小”积极推进社区嵌入式服务设施建设，将灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者纳入社保覆盖范围。更好发挥在粤港澳大湾区建设中的核心引擎作用和在全国一盘棋中的辐射带动作用，模范践行“先富带后富”的庄严承诺。

Experience and Insights from Shenzhen's Promotion of the Construction of the Pilot Demonstration Zone of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

深圳推进中国特色社会主义先行示范区建设的经验启示

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his "Speech at the Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone": "The journey of Shenzhen and other special economic zones has not been easy at any step; every step has required arduous efforts," and summarized the valuable experience of the "Ten Musts." [5]5 The "Ten Musts" (十个必须) are ten principles for the development of special economic zones outlined by Xi Jinping in his 2020 speech at the 40th anniversary of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, covering Party leadership, reform and opening up, innovation, and other areas. The tremendous changes that have taken place in Shenzhen are a brilliant microcosm of China's historic transformations and historic achievements since reform and opening up, especially in the New Era. The valuable experience accumulated by Shenzhen in practical innovation has important enlightening significance for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization.

习近平总书记在《在深圳经济特区建立四十周年庆祝大会上的讲话》中指出：“深圳等经济特区一路走来，每一步都不是轻而易举的，每一步都付出了艰辛努力”，并概括提出了“十个必须”的宝贵经验。深圳发生的沧桑巨变，是改革开放特别是新时代以来我国实现历史性变革、取得历史性成就的精彩缩影。深圳在实践创新中积累的宝贵经验，对全面推进中国式现代化建设具有重要启示意义。

Adhering to the overall leadership of the Party, providing a strong political guarantee for Chinese-path modernization. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. Shenzhen thoroughly implements the general requirements for Party building in the New Era, using high-quality Party building to lead and guarantee the high-quality development of the special economic zone; always keeps in mind the strategic intent of the Party Central Committee in establishing the special economic zone, resolutely implements the strategic deployments of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee for the special economic zone, handles its own affairs with strong strategic resolve, and ensures that the construction of the Shenzhen Pilot Demonstration Zone of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and the comprehensive reform pilot always steadily advance in the correct direction; insists on combining strengthening Party leadership with respecting the people's pioneering spirit, fully stimulating the creative power of all types of entities. Practice has proven that adhering to Party leadership is the key to the success of the special economic zone and the "stabilizing force" for Shenzhen to overcome all difficulties and challenges. On the new journey of accelerating the construction of a modern international city and advancing Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to adhere to the overall leadership of the Party and widely gather the mighty force of united struggle.

坚持党的全面领导，为中国式现代化提供坚强政治保证。中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，是中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势。深圳深入贯彻新时代党的建设总要求，以高质量党建引领和保障经济特区高质量发展；始终牢记党中央创办经济特区的战略意图，坚决贯彻落实习近平总书记和党中央对经济特区的战略部署，以坚强战略定力办好自己的事，确保深圳中国特色社会主义先行示范区建设和综合改革试点始终沿着正确方向稳步前行；坚持加强党的领导和尊重人民首创精神相结合，充分激发各类主体的创造伟力。实践证明，坚持党的领导是经济特区取得成功的关键，是深圳战胜一切困难挑战的“定海神针”。在加快建设现代化国际城市、推进中国式现代化建设新征程上，必须坚持党的全面领导，广泛凝聚起团结奋斗的磅礴力量。

Adhering to making good use of the important magic weapon of reform and opening up, injecting strong impetus into Chinese-path modernization. Reform and opening up are the "root" and "soul" of Shenzhen. Facing a complex and severe situation, seeking momentum from reform and vitality from opening up is an inevitable choice to stimulate endogenous development momentum. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Shenzhen has insisted on emancipating the mind, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, deeply implementing the comprehensive reform pilot, striving to break through the critical period and deep-water zone, and forming a number of replicable and scalable landmark major institutional achievements in key areas such as market-based allocation of factors of production and business environment construction, playing an important leading and exemplary role for the nation's further comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up. Shenzhen's successful practice fully proves that reform and opening up are important magic weapons for the Party and the people to catch up with the times in big strides. On the new journey of accelerating the construction of a modern international city and advancing Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to make good use of the important magic weapon of reform and opening up, further comprehensively deepen reform, expand high-standard opening up, continuously remove institutional and mechanistic obstacles, and add momentum and vitality to economic and social development.

坚持用好改革开放这一重要法宝，为中国式现代化注入强大动力。改革开放是深圳的“根”和“魂”。面对复杂严峻形势，向改革要动力、向开放要活力，是激发发展内生动力的必然选择。党的十八大以来，深圳坚持解放思想、守正创新，深入实施综合改革试点，奋力突进攻坚期和深水区，在要素市场化配置、营商环境建设等重点领域形成了一批可复制可推广的标志性重大制度成果，为全国进一步全面深化改革开放发挥了重要引领示范作用。深圳的成功实践，充分证明了改革开放是党和人民大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。在加快建设现代化国际城市、推进中国式现代化建设新征程上，必须用好改革开放重要法宝，进一步全面深化改革，扩大高水平开放，持续破除体制机制障碍，为经济社会发展增动力、添活力。

Adhering to innovation-driven development, providing a powerful engine for Chinese-path modernization. Innovation is Shenzhen's urban gene and the surging driving force for promoting economic transformation, upgrading, and high-quality development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Shenzhen has conformed to the trends of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, thoroughly implemented the new development philosophy, accelerated the development of new quality productive forces, and strived to promote high-quality development. It deeply advances comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation at its core, builds a whole-process innovation ecological chain of "basic research + technological breakthroughs + achievement industrialization + sci-tech finance + talent support," strives to create a good innovation atmosphere that encourages innovation and tolerates failure, and shapes a series of new engines for high-quality development represented by artificial intelligence, new energy vehicles, and the low-altitude economy. Relying on high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening to promote innovative development, it achieves "running alongside" and "taking the lead." Shenzhen's successful practice fully proves that adhering to innovation to lead the development of new quality productive forces and promote high-quality development is a strategic choice to create new competitive advantages and win the initiative in development, and is the only way for the special economic zone to maintain vigorous vitality and inexhaustible momentum. On the new journey of accelerating the construction of a modern international city and advancing Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to adhere to innovation as the primary driving force, develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, and firmly grasp the initiative in development in our own hands.

坚持创新驱动，为中国式现代化提供强大引擎。创新是深圳的城市基因，是推动经济转型升级和高质量发展的澎湃动力。党的十八大以来，深圳顺应新一轮科技革命和产业变革趋势，深入贯彻新发展理念，加快发展新质生产力，着力推动高质量发展。深入推进以科技创新为核心的全面创新，打造“基础研究+技术攻关+成果产业化+科技金融+人才支撑”全过程创新生态链，着力营造鼓励创新、宽容失败的良好创新氛围，塑造了以人工智能、新能源汽车、低空经济等为代表的一系列高质量发展新引擎，依靠高水平科技自立自强推动创新发展，实现“并跑”“领跑”。深圳的成功实践，充分证明坚持以创新引领新质生产力发展、推动高质量发展，是增创竞争新优势、赢得发展主动权的战略选择，是经济特区保持旺盛活力和不竭动力的必由之路。在加快建设现代化国际城市、推进中国式现代化建设新征程上，必须坚持创新第一动力，因地制宜发展新质生产力，把发展主动权牢牢掌握在自己手中。

Persisting in building a high-level socialist market economy system to provide important guarantees for Chinese-path modernization. Developing a market economy under socialist conditions, correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market, and forming an economic order that is both “able to let go” and “able to manage well” is an important experience in doing economic work well. Shenzhen adheres to the direction of socialist market economy reform, actively promotes the organic integration of an effective market and a competent government. On the one hand, it continuously improves basic market economy systems such as fair competition, property rights protection, and credit supervision, giving various entities ample room for development; on the other hand, it promotes the government to exercise power in a standardized and efficient manner within the scope of its statutory duties, continuously creating a world-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized, providing various business entities with attentive services that are “no interference when undisturbed, responsive when needed.” The government and the market work hand in hand, mutually reinforcing each other, contributing the special zone’s experience to building a high-level socialist market economy system. Shenzhen’s successful practice fully proves that adhering to the combination of an effective market and a competent government is the “booster” that propels the great ship of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics forward through the waves. On the new journey of accelerating the construction of a modern international city and advancing Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to persist in the coordinated efforts of an effective market and a competent government, build a high-level socialist market economy system, and provide a strong institutional guarantee for stimulating the creativity of the whole society.

坚持构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，为中国式现代化提供重要保障。在社会主义条件下发展市场经济，正确处理政府和市场的关系，形成既“放得活”又“管得住”的经济秩序，是做好经济工作的一条重要经验。深圳坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，积极推动有效市场与有为政府有机结合，一方面不断完善公平竞争、产权保护、信用监管等市场经济基础制度，让各类主体拥有充分的发展空间；另一方面推动政府在法定职责范围内规范高效行使权力，不断打造市场化法治化国际化一流营商环境，为各类经营主体提供“无事不扰、有求必应”的贴心服务。政府和市场携手共进、相互增益，为构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制贡献了特区经验。深圳的成功实践，充分证明了坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合，是推动中国特色社会主义市场经济巨轮破浪前行的“助推器”。在加快建设现代化国际城市、推进中国式现代化建设新征程上，必须坚持有效市场、有为政府协同发力，构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，为激发全社会创造活力提供强大体制保障。

Adhering to the people-centered development philosophy to provide the value orientation for Chinese-path modernization. The people are the greatest source of confidence for the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country, and the main force driving reform and development. Shenzhen’s development miracle is the result of the united will and hard struggle of the broad masses of cadres and the people under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee. Since the New Era, Shenzhen has deeply practiced the people-centered development philosophy, striving to build a law-based government, an innovative government, a clean government, and a service-oriented government that satisfies the people, creating a benchmark city for people’s livelihood and happiness featuring joint contribution, joint governance, shared benefits, and common prosperity, allowing more and more people to share the fruits of the special economic zone’s development. Practice has proven that adhering to the people-centered development philosophy and effectively transforming the development achievements of the special economic zone into tangible benefits for people’s livelihoods is the fundamental way to continuously stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the people in actively participating in the construction of the special economic zone, and to ensure that the special economic zone forever maintains vigorous vitality, driving force, and creativity. On the new journey of accelerating the construction of a modern international city and advancing Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, continuously meet the people’s aspirations for a better life, and lay a solid foundation for achieving common prosperity for all the people.

坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，为中国式现代化提供价值旨归。人民是党执政兴国的最大底气，是推动改革发展的主体力量。深圳的发展奇迹是在党中央坚强领导下，广大干部群众万众一心、拼搏奋斗的结果。新时代以来，深圳深入践行以人民为中心的发展思想，着力建设人民满意的法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府，打造共建共治共享共同富裕的民生幸福标杆城，让越来越多的人共享经济特区发展成果。实践证明，坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，切实把经济特区发展成果转化为实实在在的民生福祉，是不断激发人民群众积极投身经济特区建设的积极性、主动性、创造性，让经济特区永葆旺盛的生命力、原动力、创造力的根本所在。在加快建设现代化国际城市、推进中国式现代化建设新征程上，必须坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，不断满足人民对美好生活的向往，为实现全体人民共同富裕筑牢根基。

Adhering to coordinating development and security to provide solid security guarantees for Chinese-path modernization. Security is the prerequisite for development, and development is the guarantee of security; neither can be neglected, and they complement each other. With the political consciousness and mission responsibility of being a pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Shenzhen coordinates the two major tasks of development and security, thoroughly implements a holistic approach to national security, actively explores new models of security governance for megacities, effectively prevents and resolves various security risks, and builds a solid security barrier for high-quality development. It constructs and improves a “big security” work pattern where the Party committee takes overall responsibility, departments perform their respective duties, different levels and sectors are closely integrated, and vertical and horizontal linkages advance together, integrating national security into the entire process of all work; it adheres to reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, actively exploring practical paths for safeguarding technological security and industrial security; it deeply practices the “Fengqiao experience”[6]6 The “Fengqiao experience” (枫桥经验) originated from a local practice in Fengqiao, Zhejiang Province in the 1960s, emphasizing the resolution of conflicts at the grassroots level through mass participation and mediation, and has been promoted nationwide as a model for social governance. in the New Era, strengthening technological support, governance drive, and cultural leadership to maintain social security and stability. Shenzhen’s successful practice fully proves that correctly handling the relationship between development and security, promoting security through development and ensuring development with security, is the fundamental measure for building a foundation of lasting peace and achieving long-term governance. On the new journey of accelerating the construction of a modern international city and advancing Chinese-path modernization, it is necessary to persist in coordinating development and security, achieve a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, ensure a new development pattern with a new security pattern, and provide solid security guarantees for the steady and long-term progress of Chinese-path modernization.

坚持统筹发展和安全，为中国式现代化提供坚实安全保障。安全是发展的前提，发展是安全的保障，两者不可偏废且相辅相成。深圳以中国特色社会主义先行示范的政治自觉和使命担当统筹好发展和安全两件大事，深入贯彻总体国家安全观，积极探索超大型城市安全治理新模式，有效防范化解各类安全风险，为高质量发展筑牢安全屏障。构建完善党委统筹揽总、部门各司其职、条块紧密结合、纵横联动推进的“大安全”工作格局，把国家安全贯穿到各项工作的全过程；坚持以改革创新为根本动力，积极探索维护科技安全和产业安全的实践路径；深入践行新时代“枫桥经验”，强化科技支撑、治理驱动、文化引领，维护社会安全稳定。深圳的成功实践，充分证明了正确处理发展和安全的关系，以发展促安全、以安全保发展，是建久安之势、成长治之业的根本举措。在加快建设现代化国际城市、推进中国式现代化新征程上，必须坚持统筹发展和安全，实现高质量发展和高水平安全的良性互动，以新安全格局保障新发展格局，为中国式现代化行稳致远提供坚实安全保障。

(The authors are from the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Guangdong Province)

（作者为广东省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心）

Online Editor: Chu Yang

网络编辑：初阳