Enhancing the Innovation Capacity of State-Owned Enterprises

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are an important material and political foundation of socialism with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the reform and development of SOEs, and has made profound expositions in multiple works in the first volume of *Selected Economic Works of Xi Jinping*. For instance, in the “Explanation of the ‘Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform’,” he points out: “SOEs are an important force for advancing national modernization and safeguarding the common interests of the people”; in “Unswervingly Make SOEs Stronger, Better, and Larger,” he states: “China’s SOEs have made historic contributions to the country’s economic and social development, scientific and technological progress, national defense construction, and improvement of people’s livelihoods—their achievements are outstanding and indelible!” More recently, General Secretary Xi Jinping issued important instructions on the work of central enterprises, emphasizing the need to “base oneself on the real economy, strengthen the tackling of key core technologies, and promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation.” To implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speeches and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, it is necessary to drive SOEs to further strengthen their mission and responsibility, continue to enhance their innovation capacity, and play a greater role in achieving high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology.

国有企业是中国特色社会主义的重要物质基础和政治基础。习近平总书记高度重视国有企业改革发展，在《习近平经济文选》第一卷中的多篇著作中作出深刻论述。比如，《关于〈中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定〉的说明》指出：“国有企业是推进国家现代化、保障人民共同利益的重要力量”；《坚定不移把国有企业做强做优做大》指出：“我国国有企业为我国经济社会发展、科技进步、国防建设、民生改善作出了历史性贡献，功勋卓著！功不可没”；等等。习近平总书记前不久对中央企业工作作出重要指示，强调“要立足实体经济，强化关键核心技术攻关，推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合”。贯彻落实习近平总书记重要讲话精神和党中央决策部署，需要推动国有企业进一步强化使命担当，继续提升创新能力，在实现高水平科技自立自强方面发挥更大作用。

The Rich Connotation and Significant Importance of Enhancing the Innovation Capacity of State-Owned Enterprises

提升国有企业创新能力的丰富内涵和重要意义

In “Grasping the New Development Stage, Implementing the New Development Philosophy, and Building the New Development Pattern,” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Central enterprises and other SOEs must bravely shoulder

习近平总书记在《把握新发展阶段，贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局》中指出：“中央企业等国有企业要勇挑重担、敢打头阵，勇当原创技术的‘策源地’、现代产业链的‘链长’”；在对中央企业工作作出的重要指示中强调：“新征程上，中央企业要充分认识肩负的职责使命，更好服务党和国家工作大局，服务经济社会高质量发展，服务保障和改善民生，勇担社会责任，为中国式现代化建设贡献更大力量”。这些重要论述明确了新时代国有企业的功能定位，为提升国有企业创新能力指明了方向。

Enterprises are the main body of innovation. Generally speaking, enterprise innovation capacity refers to the ability and level of an enterprise to systematically complete innovation activities, encompassing the effectiveness and efficiency demonstrated in all stages and links of innovation, including innovation strategy guidance, possession and control of innovation resources, allocation and utilization of innovation resources, and acquisition of innovation outcomes. In a broad sense, enterprise innovation capacity includes not only technological innovation capacity but also non-technological innovation capacities, such as product innovation capacity, brand innovation capacity, organizational innovation capacity, and business model innovation capacity. In a narrow sense, enterprise innovation capacity specifically refers to an enterprise's scientific and technological innovation capacity, which is the ability to move from knowledge production to knowledge management, application, and innovation, from scientific innovation to technological innovation and then to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, to promote product and industrial innovation through scientific and technological innovation, and to effectively absorb, master, and improve existing technologies while creating new technologies and products. China's state-owned enterprises are enterprises of the state and enterprises of the people. The innovation capacity of state-owned enterprises includes both the narrow sense of scientific and technological innovation capacity and the broad sense of comprehensive innovation capacity encompassing institutional innovation, management innovation, and market innovation. It is a multi-dimensional, complex systemic capacity that state-owned enterprises promote and support for the realization of their innovation strategies.

企业是创新的主体。一般来看，企业创新能力是指企业系统性完成创新活动的能力和水平，涵盖创新战略引领、创新资源拥有与掌控、创新资源配置与利用、创新成果获取等创新各环节各阶段所体现出来的效能与效率。从广义上说，企业创新能力不仅包括技术创新能力，还包括非技术创新能力，如产品创新能力、品牌创新能力、组织创新能力、商业模式创新能力等；从狭义上说，企业创新能力专指企业科技创新能力，是企业从知识生产到知识管理、应用与创新，从科学创新到技术创新再到科技成果转化，以科技创新促进产品、产业创新，以及有效吸收、掌握和改进现有技术并创造新技术、新产品的能力。我国国有企业是国家的企业、人民的企业。国有企业创新能力，既包括狭义上的科技创新能力，也包含广义上的制度创新、管理创新、市场创新等能力在内的综合创新能力，是国有企业促进与支持其创新战略实现的多维度的、复杂的系统能力。

From an international comparative perspective, Western capitalist countries also have state-owned enterprises, but most of them only serve to compensate for market failures and are generally not an important component of the national innovation system. China's state-owned enterprises are an important pillar and supporting force for our Party's governance and rejuvenation of the country. They are the "ballast stone" of the national economy, the "national team" of scientific and technological innovation, the "bellwether" of industrial development, and the "main force" for maintaining security, playing a backbone and pillar role in China's economic and social development. Innovation by China's state-owned enterprises is not only an inherent requirement for enhancing core functions, improving core competitiveness, and building world-class enterprises, but also an internal requirement for enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system and promoting high-quality development. It is directly related to whether the superiority of the basic socialist economic system can be fully exerted and reflected, and to the vitality of China's socialist system and the smooth progress of Chinese-path modernization.

从国际比较来看，西方资本主义国家也有国有企业，但它们大多只承担弥补市场失灵功能，总体上并非国家创新体系的重要组成部分。我国国有企业是我们党执政兴国的重要支柱和依靠力量，是国民经济的“压舱石”、科技创新的“国家队”、产业发展的“领头羊”、维护安全的“主力军”，在我国经济社会发展中发挥着骨干和支柱作用。我国国有企业创新，既是增强核心功能、提升核心竞争力、建设世界一流企业的题中应有之义，也是增强国家创新体系整体效能、推动高质量发展的内在要求，直接关系社会主义基本经济制度的优越性能否充分发挥与体现，关系我国社会主义制度的生命力与中国式现代化建设的顺利推进。

At the macro level, the changes unseen in a century in the world today are accelerating, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is deepening, and competition and gaming among major powers are becoming increasingly fierce. To comprehensively advance the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, it is urgently necessary to seize opportunities, accelerate the achievement of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, develop new quality productive forces, and firmly grasp the initiative in international competition in our own hands. As an important subject of scientific and technological innovation and a key component of the national strategic scientific and technological strength in China, innovation by state-owned enterprises is of great significance for enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system and comprehensively strengthening independent innovation capacity. It is also a strategic need for coordinating development and security and building a new development pattern. Particularly in key areas and critical links, improving the independent innovation capacity of state-owned enterprises and strengthening research on key core technologies and "bottleneck" technologies can enhance the resilience and security level of the industrial chain and supply chain, while opening up greater space for the development of the national economy and providing security guarantees.

从宏观层面看，当今世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，大国竞争与博弈日益激烈。以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，迫切需要抓住机遇，加快实现高水平科技自立自强、发展新质生产力，把国际竞争主动权牢牢掌握在自己手中。作为我国重要的科技创新主体和国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分，国有企业创新对于提升国家创新体系整体效能、全面增强自主创新能力具有重大意义，也是统筹发展和安全、构建新发展格局的战略需要。特别是在重点领域和关键环节，国有企业提高自主创新能力，加强关键核心技术和“卡脖子”技术攻关，能够提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，同时为国民经济发展开拓更大空间、提供安全保障。

At the meso level, state-owned enterprises account for a relatively high proportion of China's manufacturing industry and real economy, and hold an important position in fields such as equipment manufacturing, energy, and chemicals. To a certain extent, the innovation capacity of state-owned enterprises determines the foundation and level of development of the manufacturing industry and the real economy. Currently, China is accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system supported by the real economy. It is necessary both to make breakthroughs in areas of weakness against the trend and to expand and strengthen advantages in areas of strength by following the trend. Enhancing the innovation capacity of state-owned enterprises can, on the one hand, drive the common development of upstream and downstream enterprises by breaking through common industry technologies, improving the basic capacity of the industry and the modernization level of the industrial chain. On the other hand, it can also help promote the high-end, intelligent, and green transformation of industries, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy.

从中观层面看，国有企业在我国制造业和实体经济中占有较高比重，在装备制造业、能源化工等领域具有重要地位。国有企业的创新能力在一定程度上决定了制造业与实体经济发展的基础和水平。当前，我国正在加快建设以实体经济为支撑的现代化产业体系，既要逆势而上，在短板领域加快突破，又要顺势而为，在优势领域做大做强。提升国有企业创新能力，既可以通过突破行业共性技术，带动上下游企业共同发展，提升产业基础能力和产业链现代化水平，也能够助力推动产业高端化、智能化、绿色化转型，加快建设现代化产业体系，巩固壮大实体经济根基。

At the micro level, innovation is the core driving force for enterprise development, capable of enhancing an enterprise's market competitiveness and adaptability. World-class enterprises generally possess strong innovation capacity and high levels of innovation. On the new journey of the New Era, innovation is an important prerequisite for state-owned enterprises to better undertake their responsibilities and missions, and it can also provide key support for enhancing the competitiveness, control, influence, and risk resistance capabilities of state-owned enterprises. Only by adhering to reform to promote innovation and focusing on solving deep-seated problems that constrain enterprise development can we enhance the core functions of state-owned enterprises, improve their core competitiveness, accelerate the construction of world-class enterprises, truly achieve quality change, efficiency change, and dynamic change, and make state-owned enterprises and state capital stronger, better, and larger.

从微观层面看，创新是企业发展的核心驱动力，能够提升企业的市场竞争力和适应能力。世界一流企业大都具有较强的创新能力、较高的创新水平。新时代新征程，创新是国有企业更好承担职责使命的重要前提，也能够为提升国有企业竞争力、控制力、影响力和抗风险能力提供关键支撑。坚持以改革促创新，着力解决制约企业发展的深层次问题，才能增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力，加快建设世界一流企业，真正实现质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，做强做优做大国有企业和国有资本。

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the innovation capacity of China's state-owned enterprises has significantly improved.

“十四五”时期我国国有企业创新能力明显提升

General Secretary Xi Jinping, in "Unswervingly Make State-Owned Enterprises Stronger, Better, and Larger," demanded "building state-owned enterprises well," and in "Accelerating the Construction of a New Development Pattern and Striving to Promote High-Quality Development," pointed out "deepening the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, accelerating the optimization and adjustment of the layout and structure of the state-owned economy, promoting state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises to become stronger, better, and larger, and enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises." During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China deepened the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, implemented the action to deepen and enhance the reform of state-owned enterprises, and state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, with the spirit of driving a nail, solidly advanced scientific and technological innovation work, increased R&D investment, optimized strategic layout, built a good innovation ecosystem, and through measures such as striving to create original technology sources, forming innovation consortia, deepening the reform of transformed research institutes, and exploring pilot reforms for empowering scientific and technological achievements with rights, significantly enhanced their own innovation and creativity vitality, and their innovation capacity has markedly improved.

习近平总书记在《坚定不移把国有企业做强做优做大》中要求“把国有企业建设好”，在《加快构建新发展格局，着力推动高质量发展》中指出“深化国资国企改革，加快国有经济布局优化和结构调整，推动国有资本和国有企业做强做优做大，提升企业核心竞争力”。“十四五”时期，我国深化国资国企改革，实施国有企业改革深化提升行动，国资国企以钉钉子精神扎实推进科技创新工作，加大研发投入、优化战略布局、构建良好创新生态，并通过奋力打造原创技术策源地、组建创新联合体、深化转制科研院所改革、探索职务科技成果赋权改革试点等举措，显著增强了自身创新创造活力，创新能力明显提升。

In terms of the scale of R&D investment, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have seen continuous growth in R&D investment during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, providing stable resource guarantees for scientific and technological innovation. The R&D investment of central enterprises has exceeded the one-trillion-yuan mark for several consecutive years, reaching 1.1 trillion yuan in 2025; local SOEs have also simultaneously increased their R&D investment, forming an innovation investment pattern of "central leadership and local coordination." It is worth noting that under the pressure of a downward economic trend, the R&D investment of SOEs has still maintained stable growth, providing stable resource guarantees for scientific and technological innovation. In terms of R&D resource allocation, SOEs have always closely aligned with national strategic needs, with R&D resource allocation continuously tilting toward key core technologies and strategic emerging industries. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, SOEs' layout in emerging industries has moved from point-based exploration to a stage of large-scale advancement, laying an important foundation for China to cultivate new quality productive forces and promote the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure. In 2025, central enterprises completed investment in strategic emerging industries amounting to 2.5 trillion yuan, accounting for 41.8% of total investment.

在研发投入规模上，国有企业在“十四五”时期研发投入持续增长，为科技创新提供了稳定的资源保障。中央企业研发投入已连续多年突破万亿元大关，2025年达到1.1万亿元；地方国有企业也同步加大研发投入，形成“中央引领、地方协同”的创新投入格局。值得指出的是，在经济下行压力较大的情况下，国有企业研发投入仍保持稳定增长，为科技创新提供了稳定的资源保障。在研发资源配置上，国有企业始终紧扣国家战略需求，研发资源配置持续向关键核心技术与战略性新兴产业倾斜。“十四五”时期，国有企业在新兴产业布局上从点状探索进入规模化推进阶段，为我国培育新质生产力、推动产业结构转型升级奠定了重要基础。2025年，中央企业完成战略性新兴产业投资达2.5万亿元，占投资总额的比重达到41.8%。

In terms of outcomes, SOEs have not only developed a number of original achievements and broken through a number of "bottleneck" technologies, but have also created a number of national heavy equipment and formed a number of landmark achievements such as major projects, further demonstrating their role as the "pillar" and "ballast stone" in national economic and social development. In the field of high-end equipment manufacturing, China's high-speed rail has not only achieved global leadership in operational speed but has also formed comprehensive advantages in safety, comfort, and operational reliability; in the aviation field, the domestic large aircraft has entered commercial operation, marking a breakthrough in China's independent research and development of this strategic technology area; in the energy and strategic resources field, the successful development of heavy-duty gas turbines has broken foreign technological monopolies, providing key equipment support for the transformation of the energy structure; in the information technology and quantum technology field, China's quantum computer research and development has made significant progress, accumulating core competitiveness for breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies.

从成果来看，国有企业既研发形成一批原创性成果，突破一批“卡脖子”技术，也打造出一批大国重器、形成一批重大工程等标志性成果，进一步彰显了在国民经济和社会发展中的“顶梁柱”与“压舱石”作用。在高端装备制造领域，我国高铁不仅实现运营速度全球领先，更在安全性、舒适性与运营可靠性上形成综合优势；在航空领域，国产大飞机投入商业运营，标志着我国在大型客机自主研发这一战略性技术领域实现突破；在能源与战略资源领域，重型燃机研发成功打破国外技术垄断，为能源结构转型提供关键装备支撑；在信息技术与量子科技领域，我国量子计算机研发取得重要进展，为前沿技术突破积累了核心竞争力。

The innovation capacity of China's SOEs has been continuously improving, demonstrating distinct characteristics and advantages. For example, SOE innovation is mainly manifested as independent innovation, especially in major scientific and technological breakthroughs, overcoming "bottleneck" technologies, large-scale and high-investment engineering innovation, and systematic innovation, where SOEs have relatively strong innovation capabilities. Another example is that SOE innovation has characteristics such as strategic orientation and public welfare. In fields involving national strategic security, such as defense science and technology, major infrastructure, and key core technologies, SOEs undertake major scientific and technological innovation missions and are important carriers of national strategic scientific and technological strength. Many long-cycle, high-risk basic research projects and many major projects in the defense science and technology industry are shouldered by SOEs. Furthermore, SOEs in different industries, of different scales, and at different levels, due to their different positioning and functions, have formed differentiated innovation capabilities. SOEs in high-end manufacturing, new energy, semiconductors, aerospace, and other fields have strong capabilities to overcome key core technologies, while SOEs in energy, petrochemicals, mining, infrastructure engineering, and other fields have demonstrated strong engineering innovation capabilities. This means that the evaluation of SOE innovation capacity should be conducted hierarchically and categorically based on actual conditions. It should neither rely solely on quantitative indicators such as patent data and revenue from new products, nor should it be discussed in general terms, conflating the innovation capacity and performance of SOEs at different levels and of different types.

我国国有企业创新能力不断提高，并展现出鲜明特点和优势。比如，国有企业创新主要体现为自主创新，尤其是在重大科技攻关、突破“卡脖子”技术、大体量大投入工程创新、体系化创新等方面，国有企业的创新能力都较强。又如，国有企业创新具有战略性、公益性等特点，在国防科技、重大基础设施、关键核心技术等涉及国家战略安全的领域承担着重大科技创新使命，是国家战略科技力量的重要载体。许多周期长、风险大的基础性研发，许多国防科技工业的重大项目，都是国有企业扛起来的。再如，不同行业、不同规模、不同层级的国有企业因其定位、功能不同，形成了差异化的创新能力。高端制造、新能源、半导体、航空航天等领域的国有企业具有较强的关键核心技术攻坚突破能力，能源、石油石化、矿业、基建工程等领域的国有企业展现了强大的工程创新能力。这意味着评价国有企业创新能力应根据实际情况分层分类进行，既不能仅仅依靠专利数据和新产品销售收入等量化指标，也不能泛泛而论，把不同层次、不同类型的国有企业创新能力与表现混为一谈。

At the same time, it must be recognized that private enterprises also play an important role in scientific and technological innovation. In recent years, the Party and the state have paid close attention to scientific and technological innovation in private enterprises, introducing a series of policies and measures to promote the healthy development and high-quality development of private enterprises, creating a favorable environment for private enterprises to continuously make breakthroughs in key core technology fields and play an important role in cultivating new quality productive forces and promoting industrial upgrading. In practice, private enterprise innovation is more focused on market demand, with significant advantages in industrialization efficiency and market response speed. Promoting complementary advantages and mutual reinforcement between SOEs and private enterprises in scientific and technological innovation is conducive to forming a joint force and jointly enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system.

同时要看到，民营企业在科技创新中同样发挥着重要作用。近年来，党和国家高度关注民营企业科技创新，出台一系列政策措施促进民营企业健康发展、高质量发展，为民营企业在关键核心技术领域不断突破，发挥在培育新质生产力、推动产业升级中的重要作用营造了良好环境。在实践中，民营企业创新更聚焦市场需求，产业化效率与市场响应速度优势显著。推动国有企业和民营企业在科技创新中优势互补、相互促进，有利于形成合力，共同提升国家创新体系整体效能。

Multiple measures during the 15th Five-Year Plan period to promote the continuous improvement of SOE innovation capacity

“十五五”时期多措并举推动国有企业创新能力持续提升

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in "Chinese-path Modernization Depends on Scientific and Technological Modernization as Support" that promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation "the key is to strengthen the principal position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation." The "Proposal" of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC proposed "accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, leading the development of new quality productive forces" and made important deployments, requiring "enhancing the core functions of SOEs and improving their core competitiveness." Enhancing the innovation capacity of SOEs is an inevitable requirement for consolidating and expanding advantages, breaking through bottlenecks and constraints, and filling and strengthening weaknesses. Currently, compared with the requirements for achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening and high-quality development, and compared with world-class enterprises, there are still some deficiencies in the innovation capacity of China's SOEs. For example, original innovation capacity is relatively weak; the ability to achieve disruptive technological innovation "from 0 to 1," breakthroughs in key core technologies, and industry common technologies needs further improvement; the degree of integration between scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation needs to be deepened, and so on. To solve these problems, the decisions and deployments of the "Proposal" of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee must be implemented, further deepening the reform of state-owned assets and SOEs, enhancing the innovation capacity of SOEs, better leveraging the important role of SOEs in scientific and technological innovation, industrial leadership, and security support, and continuously strengthening the core functions and improving the core competitiveness of SOEs.

习近平总书记在《中国式现代化要靠科技现代化作支撑》中指出，推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合“关键是强化企业科技创新主体地位”。党的二十届四中全会《建议》提出“加快高水平科技自立自强，引领发展新质生产力”并作出重要部署，要求“增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力”。提升国有企业创新能力，是巩固拓展优势、破除瓶颈制约、补齐补强短板弱项的必然要求。当前，与实现高水平科技自立自强和高质量发展的要求相比，与世界一流企业相比，我国国有企业创新能力还存在一些不足。比如，原始创新能力相对比较薄弱，“从0到1”的颠覆性技术创新、关键核心技术与行业共性技术突破能力有待进一步提高，科技创新与产业创新融合程度有待进一步加深，等等。解决这些问题，要把党的二十届四中全会《建议》决策部署落到实处，进一步深化国资国企改革，提升国有企业创新能力，更好发挥国有企业在科技创新、产业引领和安全支撑等方面的重要作用，持续增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力。

Continuously strengthen the sense of mission. There are less than 10 years left until the 2035 goal of building a leading country in science and technology. It is necessary to further enhance the sense of responsibility, mission, and urgency, adhere to the "Four Orientations,"[1]1 The "Four Orientations" (四个面向) refers to the strategic direction for China's scientific and technological innovation: facing the world's scientific and technological frontiers, facing the main economic battlefield, facing the major national needs, and facing the people's life and health. adhere to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, and accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. Only by continuously strengthening the principal position of SOEs in scientific and technological innovation and their mission as a national strategic scientific and technological force, and continuously enhancing innovation confidence, can they pursue excellence while overcoming difficulties and make greater contributions to advancing Chinese-path modernization. To this end, it is necessary to better leverage the role of the market mechanism, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, encourage enterprises of different ownership types to participate fairly in market competition, encourage SOEs to better "go global," and enhance their strength through competing on the same stage with global multinational corporations; focus on deepening the reform of state-owned assets and SOEs, dismantle institutional and mechanism obstacles, improve the supervision and management system and mechanism of state-owned assets and SOEs, especially the selection, appointment, assessment, and incentive mechanisms for enterprise managers, and build a scientific and reasonable institutional framework for enterprise innovation incentives; vigorously promote the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" spirit,[2]2 The "Two Bombs, One Satellite" spirit (两弹一星精神) refers to the ethos of self-reliance, hard work, and dedication demonstrated by Chinese scientists and engineers who developed the atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, and artificial satellite in the 1960s and 1970s. the manned spaceflight spirit, etc., promote the spirit of scientists and entrepreneurship in the New Era, rely on our own efforts, and scale new heights.

持续强化使命担当。现在距离2035年建成科技强国目标只有不到10年时间，必须进一步增强责任感、使命感、紧迫感，坚持“四个面向”，坚持走中国特色自主创新道路，加快实现高水平科技自立自强。国有企业只有持续强化科技创新主体地位和作为国家战略科技力量的使命担当，不断增强创新自信，才能在攻坚克难中追求卓越，为推进中国式现代化作出更大贡献。为此，必须更好发挥市场机制作用，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，鼓励不同所有制企业公平参与市场竞争，鼓励国有企业更好“走出去”，在与全球跨国公司同台竞技中提升实力；聚焦深化国资国企改革，破解体制机制障碍，完善国资国企监督管理体制机制特别是企业经营管理者选拔任用与考核激励机制，构建科学合理的企业激励创新制度框架；大力弘扬“两弹一星”精神、载人航天精神等，弘扬新时代科学家精神和企业家精神，自力更生，勇攀高峰。

Further optimize the innovation ecosystem. Strengthening the principal position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation is inseparable from further optimizing the innovation ecosystem, doing a good job in various supporting and service guarantees, and better transforming the advantages and characteristics of SOEs into innovation results. To this end, it is necessary to promote large SOEs to take the initiative in playing a supporting and leading role, strengthen enterprise-led deep integration of industry, academia, and research; improve the mechanism for joint investment of factors, benefit sharing, and risk sharing; promote collaborative innovation among enterprises in the upstream, midstream, and downstream of the industrial chain, continuously stimulating the vitality and momentum of scientific and technological innovation; improve modern corporate governance of SOEs with Chinese characteristics, accelerate organizational form changes, enhance scientific management levels, and improve enterprise decision-making and operational efficiency; accelerate the construction of common technology platforms, increase resource investment; optimize the open innovation ecosystem, deepen international innovation cooperation; foster an innovation and entrepreneurship culture, establish an innovation fault-tolerance mechanism, and improve the talent evaluation system.

进一步优化创新生态。强化企业科技创新主体地位，离不开进一步优化创新生态，做好各类配套和服务保障，更好把国有企业的优势和特点有效转化为创新成效。为此，要推动大型国有企业主动发挥支撑引领作用，加强企业主导的产学研深度融合；完善要素共投、利益共享、风险共担机制，推动产业链上中下游企业协同创新，持续激发科技创新的活力动力；健全中国特色国有企业现代公司治理，加快组织形态变革，提升科学管理水平，提升企业决策和运营效率；加快共性技术平台建设，加大资源投入；优化开放创新生态，深化国际创新合作；营造创新创业文化，建立创新容错机制，完善人才评价体系。

Strengthen investment in basic research and development. Basic research is the “living source of water” for scientific and technological innovation. As an important component of the national strategic scientific and technological force, state-owned enterprises should vigorously lay out and carry out strategic basic research, demand-driven basic research, and free-exploration basic research. To this end, it is necessary to improve the diversified investment mechanism for basic research, increase the proportion of investment in basic research, strengthen original innovation and the tackling of key core technologies, build national key laboratories well, keep a close watch on fields that must be competed for in the future, and deeply advance the construction of original technology sources. [3]3 The “original technology sources” (原创技术策源地) refer to a policy initiative under which state-owned enterprises are designated as hubs for generating foundational, breakthrough technologies that can drive industrial upgrading and national strategic capabilities. At the same time, promote state-owned enterprises to jointly build basic research joint laboratories with universities and research institutes, clarify the attribution of results and the distribution of benefits, effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of all parties, concentrate efforts on tackling a batch of technologies with radiating, overall, and strategic significance, and produce a batch of original and leading major scientific and technological achievements, thereby not only solving the problem of cutting-edge achievements being controlled by others, but also contributing more original scientific and technological achievements to realizing the people’s needs for a better life.

加强基础研发投入。基础研究是科技创新的“源头活水”。国有企业作为国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分，应大力布局并开展战略性基础研究、需求牵引的基础研究和自由探索的基础研究。为此，要完善基础研究多元化投入机制，提高基础研究投入占比，加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，建好全国重点实验室，紧盯未来必争领域，深入推进原创技术策源地建设。同时，推动国有企业与高校、科研院所共建基础研究联合实验室，明确成果归属与利益分配，有效激发各方积极性，集中力量攻克一批辐射性、全局性、战略性技术，产出一批原创性、引领性重大科技成果，既解决尖端成果受制于人的问题，也为实现人民美好生活需要贡献更多原创性科技成果。

Leverage the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources. [4]4 The “new nationwide system for mobilizing resources” (新型举国体制) is a contemporary adaptation of China’s traditional state-led mobilization model, combining market mechanisms with centralized state coordination to tackle major scientific and technological challenges, especially in strategic sectors. The tackling of key core technologies, “bottleneck” technologies, and industry-wide common technologies is difficult, requires high investment, and takes a long cycle. It is necessary to both play the role of an effective market, so that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of innovation resources, and play the role of a competent government, integrating dispersed innovation resources to greatly enhance innovation efficiency. From an international comparative perspective, the reason why some countries, including China, are able to lead global breakthrough technological innovation and the development of emerging industries benefits from providing, at the national level, an institutional and policy environment that is more in line with the laws of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, among which the nationwide system for mobilizing resources is an important model. Currently, it is necessary to further leverage the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources, support state-owned enterprises in integrating into the national innovation system on a broader scale, at a higher level, and to a deeper degree, actively undertake national key R&D plans and major science and technology projects, take the lead in or participate in national scientific and technological tackling tasks, strengthen the integrated allocation of projects, bases, talent, and funds, and promote state-owned enterprises to truly become important subjects in original technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation. Establish a diversified fund investment mechanism, increase the proportion of investment in original technology R&D, establish an enterprise R&D reserve fund system, and encourage state-owned enterprises to carry out high-risk, high-value basic research.

发挥新型举国体制优势。关键核心技术、“卡脖子”技术和行业共性技术等的攻克，难度大、投入高、周期长，既要发挥有效市场作用，使市场在创新资源配置中起决定性作用，又要发挥有为政府作用，整合分散的创新资源，大幅提升创新效率。从国际比较来看，包括我国在内的一些国家之所以能够引领全球突破性技术创新、新兴产业发展等，得益于从国家层面提供了更加符合科技创新和产业发展规律的体制和政策环境，其中举国体制是一种重要模式。当前，要进一步发挥新型举国体制优势，支持国有企业更大范围、更高层次、更深程度融入国家创新体系，积极承担国家重点研发计划、重大科技项目，牵头或参与国家科技攻关任务，强化项目、基地、人才、资金一体化配置，推动国有企业真正成为原创技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织、成果转化的重要主体。建立多元化资金投入机制，提升原创技术研发投入占比，建立企业研发准备金制度，鼓励国有企业开展高风险、高价值基础研究。

Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Scientific and technological innovation is the core driving force for industrial upgrading, and industrial innovation provides broad application scenarios and market space for scientific and technological innovation. The deep integration of the two can not only effectively enhance industrial competitiveness, but also powerfully promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure, and promote high-quality development. To this end, it is necessary to improve the policy system for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, promote the establishment of a separate management system for job-related scientific and technological achievement assets, and establish a scientific and standardized mechanism for the evaluation, protection, and management of scientific and technological achievements. Accelerate the efficient transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements, plan and build concept verification and pilot testing verification platforms, and accelerate the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. Further improve the efficiency of innovation resource allocation, promote the reasonable flow of innovation elements, fully leverage scenario advantages and data advantages, and increase the construction, development, and opening of application scenarios. Establish and improve the dynamic management method for the main responsibilities and core businesses of state-owned enterprises, ensure that state-owned enterprises can deploy innovation chains around industrial chains, and lay out industrial chains around innovation chains, vigorously develop new industries and new business forms, and continuously enhance new momentum for development.

促进科技创新与产业创新深度融合。科技创新是产业升级的核心动力，产业创新为科技创新提供广阔应用场景和市场空间，两者深度融合不仅能够有效提升产业竞争力，还能够有力促进经济结构优化和升级，推动高质量发展。为此，要完善科技成果转化政策体系，推动建立职务科技成果资产单列管理制度，建立科学规范的科技成果评价、保护和管理机制。加快重大科技成果高效转化应用，布局建设概念验证、中试验证平台，加快科技成果产业化。进一步提高创新资源配置效率，促进创新要素合理流动，充分发挥场景优势、数据优势，加大应用场景建设和开发开放力度。建立完善国有企业主责主业动态管理办法，保障国有企业能够围绕产业链部署创新链，围绕创新链布局产业链，大力发展新产业、新业态，不断增强发展新动能。

(The author is a Distinguished Research Fellow of the Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics at Liaoning University)

（作者为辽宁大学中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心特约研究员）