Deeply Understanding the Theoretical Character of Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Thought as Originating from the Era and Leading the Era

The Party Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

外交部党委

On the great journey of advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has carried out a series of major theoretical and practical innovations in diplomacy, leading foreign work to achieve historic accomplishments and undergo historic transformations. To comprehensively reflect the original contributions and latest developments of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the diplomatic field, the *Study Outline of Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Thought* was updated and republished in November last year, providing an authoritative supplementary reader for Party members, cadres, and the masses to study, contemplate, practice, and comprehend Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Thought. We must deeply understand the theoretical character of this major thought, which adheres to keeping pace with the times and leading the trends of the era, and further arm our minds, guide our practice, and advance our work with Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Thought.

在推进新时代中国特色社会主义事业的伟大征程中，以习近平同志为核心的党中央进行一系列重大外交理论和实践创新，领导对外工作取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。为全面反映习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在外交领域的原创性贡献和最新发展，去年11月《习近平外交思想学习纲要》更新再版，为广大党员、干部、群众学思践悟习近平外交思想提供了权威辅助读物。我们要深刻领悟这一重大思想坚持与时俱进、引领时代潮流的理论品格，进一步以习近平外交思想武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作。

Grasping New Situations and Answering New Questions Is the Inexhaustible Source of Theoretical Innovation

把握新形势、解答新课题是理论创新的不竭源泉

Problems are the slogans of the era. Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Thought is an open scientific system that continuously develops. General Secretary Xi Jinping personally plans and personally acts

问题就是时代的口号，习近平外交思想是一个不断发展的开放的科学体系。习近平总书记亲自擘画、亲力亲为，以强烈的使命担当、深邃的战略思维、博大的天下情怀察时驭势、勇立潮头，以科学的态度和真理的精神判断新趋势、回答新问题，不断开辟中国特色大国外交理论新境界。

Keenly observe new changes in the development of the international situation. The accelerated evolution of the major changes unseen in a century is the historical background for the enrichment and development of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. At present, the chaotic aspect of the international situation is more prominent, with peace and security facing severe challenges. The 2025 Global Peace Index shows that the level of world peace has fallen to its lowest point in nearly 20 years, and hotspot issues such as the Ukraine crisis and the Palestine-Israel conflict drag on without end. Protectionism and "securitization" are on the rise, and tariff wars and technology wars launched by individual countries for their own selfish interests are dragging down global trade and economic growth. The process of human development has slowed significantly. The aspect of change in the world landscape is developing in depth, with profound adjustments in the international balance of power. The total economic output of the Global South as a share of the global economy has exceeded 40%, and new mechanisms created by Global South countries, such as the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, are playing an increasingly important role. General Secretary Xi Jinping observes the general trend, plans for the overall situation, and grasps the fundamentals. On the basis of putting forward the major judgment of changes unseen in a century, he further reveals its essence and laws, pointing out that the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, and that the collective rise of the Global South is a distinctive sign of the major changes in the world. He deeply perceives the general脉络 of the evolution of the international landscape, pointing out that the general direction of human development and progress will not change, the general logic of the tortuous advance of world history will not change, and the general trend of the international community sharing a common future will not change. He clearly opposes acts of hegemonism, power politics, and bullying, emphasizing that hegemonism, power politics, unilateralism, and protectionism run counter to the trend of the times, are unpopular, and will find little support. He clears the clouds to reveal the sun, guiding the direction of China's diplomacy and steering the positive expectations of the international community.

敏锐洞察国际形势发展新变化。世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，是习近平外交思想丰富发展的时代背景。当前，国际形势乱的一面更加突出，和平与安全面临严峻挑战，《2025全球和平指数》显示世界和平水平降到近20年来最低点，乌克兰危机、巴以冲突等热点问题延宕不息；保护主义和“泛安全化”抬头，个别国家出于一己之私发动的关税战、科技战拖累全球贸易和经济增长；人类发展进程大幅放缓。世界格局变的一面深入发展，国际力量对比深刻调整，全球南方经济总量全球占比已超过40%，金砖国家、上海合作组织等全球南方国家创设的新机制发挥日益重要作用。习近平总书记观大势、谋全局、抓根本，在提出百年变局重大论断基础上，进一步揭示其本质和规律，指出世界进入新的动荡变革期，全球南方群体性崛起是世界大变局的鲜明标志；深刻洞察国际格局演进大脉络，指出人类发展进步的大方向不会改变，世界历史曲折前进的大逻辑不会改变，国际社会命运与共的大趋势不会改变；明确反对霸权霸道霸凌行径，强调霸权主义、强权政治、单边主义、保护主义违背时代潮流，不得人心、失道寡助，拨云见日地指引中国外交前进方向，引导国际社会正面预期。

Accurately grasp the new orientation of the relationship between China and the world. "The world will be good only when China is good; China will be better only when the world is better." This is the underlying logic of the relationship between China's development and the world. Facing severe challenges from the external environment, China, with its strong resilience and abundant vitality, injects strong momentum into promoting common development. With its self-confidence, self-reliance, courage to fight, and skill in fighting, it provides strong support for upholding international fairness and justice. Through the successful exploration of Chinese-path modernization, it broadens the path for developing countries to independently move towards modernization, becoming a pivotal force for peace, development, and progress in a turbulent and intertwined world. More and more countries value China's role and opportunities, hoping to understand and learn from China's governance and principles. However, some forces spread various "

准确把握中国与世界关系新方位。“世界好，中国才能好；中国好，世界才更好。”这是中国发展同世界关系的底层逻辑。面对外部环境的严峻挑战，中国以强大韧性、充沛活力为促进共同发展注入强劲动能，以自信自立、敢斗善斗为维护国际公平正义提供有力支撑，以中国式现代化成功探索为广大发展中国家独立自主迈向现代化拓宽路径，成为变乱交织的世界中举足轻重的和平力量、发展力量、进步力量。越来越多国家看重中国作用、中国机遇，希望了解和借鉴中国之治、中国之理，但也有一些势力散布各种“中国威胁论”。习近平外交思想深刻揭示中国同世界关系发生的历史性新变化：中国已经能够更多把握历史主动、更大程度影响世界发展方向，中国式现代化打破“现代化=西方化”的迷思，中华民族伟大复兴势不可挡；明确中国特色大国外交将进入一个可以更有作为的新阶段，要为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业营造更有利国际环境、提供更坚实战略支撑；强调前进道路不可能一马平川，必定会有艰难险阻，可能遇到风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验，必须以越是艰险越向前的精神奋勇搏击、迎难而上，务必敢于斗争、善于斗争，依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地。习近平总书记提出的一系列重大论断，为我们制定对外战略、谋划对外工作提供了科学指南。

Scientifically solving new problems in international relations theory. Answering major questions in international affairs is the fundamental task of international relations theory. Looking back at modern history, traditional international relations theory has clung to Western-centrism, believed in “the weak are prey to the strong” and “winner takes all,” and been superstitious about “the law of the jungle” and “clash of civilizations.” Faced with the profound and rapidly changing situation, it has been unable to produce a key to solving old contradictions and new problems, and has even repeated the mistakes of carrying firewood to put out a fire or drinking poison to quench thirst.[1]1 “Carrying firewood to put out a fire” (抱薪救火) and “drinking poison to quench thirst” (饮鸩止渴) are Chinese idioms meaning adopting self-defeating or harmful measures to solve a problem. Unilateralism and protectionism are rampant, “new imperialism” and “new colonialism” run amok, and the deficits in peace, development, security, and governance are constantly worsening. The root cause lies in the increasingly prominent deficit in thought. The era calls for a new type of international relations theory that is both national and global. General Secretary Xi Jinping, in the course of China’s magnificent practice, has continuously developed Chinese theory, advocating for transcending conflict and confrontation with peaceful development, replacing absolute security with common security, abandoning zero-sum games with mutual benefit and win-win outcomes, preventing clashes of civilizations with exchanges and mutual learning, and caring for the Earth as our home with green development. He advocates blazing a new path to security featuring dialogue over confrontation, partnership over alliance, and win-win outcomes over zero-sum games, guiding the construction of such a hugely inclusive development platform as the Belt and Road Initiative, promoting the building of a more just and equitable global governance system, finding for humanity a basic path to solving global problems, and contributing important intellectual public goods to the world.

科学解答国际关系理论新难题。回答国际事务中的重大问题，是国际关系理论的根本任务。纵观近代以来的历史，传统国际关系理论固守西方中心主义，信奉“弱肉强食”“赢者通吃”，迷信“丛林法则”“文明冲突”，面对一日千里的深刻变局拿不出破解老矛盾新问题的钥匙，甚至重蹈抱薪救火、饮鸩止渴的覆辙。单边主义、保护主义甚嚣尘上，“新帝国主义”“新殖民主义”肆意横行，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字不断加剧，根子在于思想赤字日益突出。时代呼唤一种既是民族的又是世界的新型国际关系理论。习近平总书记在波澜壮阔的中国实践中不断发展中国理论，主张以和平发展超越冲突对抗、以共同安全取代绝对安全、以互利共赢摒弃零和博弈、以交流互鉴防止文明冲突、以绿色发展呵护地球家园，倡导走出一条对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟、共赢而非零和的新型安全之路，指引共建“一带一路”这样包容性巨大的发展平台，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系，为人类找到了解决全球性问题的基本路径，为世界贡献了重要思想公共产品。

Leading the era and shaping the world are the powerful forces of theoretical innovation.

引领时代、塑造世界是理论创新的强大力量

Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy originates from practice and guides practice. It is not only the fundamental guideline and action guide for China’s foreign work in the New Era, but also powerfully promotes the world toward a bright future of peace, security, prosperity, and progress, possessing profound contemporary value and powerful truth force.

习近平外交思想源于实践又指导实践，既是新时代我国对外工作的根本遵循和行动指南，又有力推动世界走向和平、安全、繁荣、进步的光明前景，具有深远的时代价值和强大的真理力量。

The power to lead the era is increasingly evident. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy continuously deepens the understanding of the laws of human social development, grasps the logic of historical progress, and points out the direction of human progress. It holds high one banner, clarifying that building a community with a shared future for mankind is the future of all peoples, the lofty goal pursued by major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for the New Era, and mapping out the vision and path for humanity to move toward a better future. It clarifies two major propositions: using “equality and order” to answer the question of where multipolarity is headed, and using “inclusiveness and mutual benefit” to correct various deviations that have emerged in the process of economic globalization, advocating that all countries contribute to global prosperity while developing themselves well, and pushing the world from chaos and conflict toward lasting peace and stability. It has successively proposed the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, seeking a development prospect of openness, innovation, inclusiveness, and mutual benefit, creating a security pattern of fairness, justice, joint contribution, and shared benefits, promoting cultural exchanges featuring harmony without uniformity and mutual enrichment, and promoting the building of a more just and equitable global governance system, contributing a systematic and comprehensive Chinese solution to respond to the new challenges facing humanity.

时代引领力日益彰显。习近平外交思想不断深化对人类社会发展规律的认识，把握历史前进的逻辑，指明人类进步的方向。高举一面旗帜，明确了构建人类命运共同体是世界各国人民前途所在，是新时代中国特色大国外交追求的崇高目标，擘画了人类迈向更美好未来的愿景和路径。明确两大主张，用“平等有序”回答世界多极化向何处去，用“普惠包容”校准经济全球化过程中出现的各种偏差，倡导各国在发展好自己的同时增益世界繁荣，推动世界从变乱交织走向长治久安。相继提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，谋求开放创新、包容互惠的发展前景，营造公道正义、共建共享的安全格局，促进和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系，为回应人类面临的新挑战贡献了系统全面的中国方案。

The power of moral appeal has become more pronounced. First, the concept of seeking great harmony has gained greater popular support. The vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind has been written into resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly for nine consecutive years. China has reached consensus on a community with a shared future with more than 30 countries, and the building of regional communities with a shared future with Central Asia, ASEAN, Africa, Arab states, and Latin American and Caribbean countries has advanced steadily. The Belt and Road Initiative has become the largest international cooperation platform with the broadest coverage, joined by over three-quarters of the world’s countries and more than 30 international organizations. Once proposed, the Global Governance Initiative quickly received a response from over 150 countries and international organizations. Second, measures to uphold greater justice have received broad support. China has unequivocally opposed acts of hegemonism, power politics, and bullying, and has stood firm in tariff wars and trade wars, rallying broad consensus against unilateralism and protectionism. Adhering to an objective and fair stance, China has actively promoted peace talks and mediation, and its distinctive approach to resolving hotspot issues has been widely praised by all parties. China has also spoken out for the vast number of developing countries, pushed to correct historical injustices, and strengthened the “voice of the Global South” in the global governance system. Third, the conviction of following the great path has been widely acclaimed. Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought guides Chinese diplomacy in upholding the principles of “confidence and self-reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation.” Together with neighboring countries, China is building a “five-home community” of peace, tranquility, prosperity, beauty, and friendship; jointly pursuing “six modernizations” with Africa; constructing a “five cooperation framework” with Arab states; advancing a “five major projects” for building a China-Latin America and Caribbean community with a shared future; granting zero-tariff treatment on 100 percent of tariff lines to the least developed countries having diplomatic relations with China; and implementing zero-tariff measures on 100 percent of tariff lines for 53 African countries having diplomatic relations with China. These actions have deeply won international moral support. Observers believe that Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions have become a beacon guiding the world toward stable progress, making significant contributions to the cause of global peace and development.

道义感召力更加鲜明。一是求大同的理念更得人心。构建人类命运共同体理念连续9年写入联大决议，中国同30多个国家达成命运共同体共识，同中亚、东盟、非洲、阿拉伯国家、拉美和加勒比国家等区域命运共同体建设稳步推进。共建“一带一路”成为规模最大、覆盖范围最广的国际合作平台，全球超过3/4的国家和30多个国际组织加入。全球治理倡议一经提出，迅速得到150多个国家和国际组织响应。二是担大义的举措广受支持。中国旗帜鲜明反对霸权霸道霸凌行径，在关税战、贸易战中挺身而出，凝聚起反对单边主义、保护主义的广泛共识。秉持客观公正立场，积极劝和促谈，中国特色热点问题解决之道广受各方赞许。积极为广大发展中国家仗义执言，推动纠正历史不公，壮大全球治理体系中的“南方声音”。三是行大道的信念备受赞誉。习近平外交思想指引中国外交秉持“自信自立、开放包容、公道正义、合作共赢”的方针原则，同周边国家共建和平、安宁、繁荣、美丽、友好“五大家园”，同非洲共逐“六个现代化”，构建中阿“五大合作格局”，推进共建中拉命运共同体“五大工程”，给予建交的最不发达国家100%税目产品零关税待遇，推动落实对53个非洲建交国100%税目产品零关税举措，深得国际道义人心。观察人士认为，中国智慧、中国方案成为指引世界稳定前行的一盏明灯，为促进全球和平发展事业作出重要贡献。

The power of practical guidance has become more immense. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought, Chinese diplomacy has forged ahead with determination, overcoming difficulties to create a more favorable international environment and provide more solid strategic support for the great cause of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. We have comprehensively expanded our global partnership network, increasing the total number of countries having diplomatic relations with China to 183, and becoming a major trading partner for over 150 countries and regions. Serving high-quality development at home, China has signed 23 free trade agreements with 30 countries and regions, implemented unilateral visa-free policies for 50 countries and transit visa-free policies for 55 countries, and received over 20 million visa-free foreign visitors in the first three quarters of 2025. Leading the reform and improvement of the global governance system, China has jointly established the International Organization for Mediation with over 30 countries and proposed the establishment of the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization, filling institutional gaps in governance. Firmly shouldering the responsibility of putting people first in diplomacy, China has promoted cooperation with relevant countries to combat transnational crime, especially telecom and online fraud, successfully rescuing a number of trapped individuals and repatriating tens of thousands of suspects involved in fraud. Facing tests of high winds, choppy waters, and even raging waves, the diplomatic corps has kept in mind the important requirements set forth by General Secretary Xi Jinping, striving to be faithful practitioners of loyalty to the Party, pioneers in forging ahead with enterprise, defenders of national interests, and promoters of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, forging an iron diplomatic force capable of shouldering the mission of national rejuvenation.

实践指导力更为磅礴。在习近平外交思想指引下，中国外交砥砺奋进、攻坚克难，为强国建设、民族复兴伟业营造更有利国际环境、提供更坚实战略支撑。我们全面拓展全球伙伴关系网络，建交国总数增加到183个，成为150多个国家和地区的主要贸易伙伴。服务国内高质量发展，同30个国家和地区签署23个自贸协定，迄今已对50国实施单方面免签、对55国实施过境免签，2025年前三季度免签入境外国人超过2000万。引领全球治理体系改革完善，会同30多个国家共同成立国际调解院，倡议成立世界人工智能合作组织，填补治理领域机制空白。把外交为民牢牢扛在肩上，推动有关国家合作打击跨国犯罪特别是电信网络诈骗，成功解救一批被困人员，遣返劝返数万名涉诈犯罪嫌疑人。面对风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的考验，外交队伍牢记习近平总书记提出的重要要求，努力做对党忠诚的笃行者、奋勇开拓的创业者、国家利益的捍卫者、全面从严治党的推进者，锻造堪当民族复兴重任的外交铁军。

Adhering to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method is an inevitable requirement for theoretical innovation.

坚持马克思主义立场观点方法是理论创新的必然要求

Since the New Era, our Party has continuously deepened its understanding of the laws governing theoretical innovation, putting forward a series of new ideas, viewpoints, and judgments such as the Two Integrations and the Six Imperatives. Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought adheres to the integration of theory and practice and the unity of epistemology and methodology, establishing a model for promoting theoretical innovation by adhering to materialism and dialectics, and shining with the truth of Marxism.

新时代以来，我们党不断深化对党的理论创新的规律性认识，提出“两个结合”“六个必须坚持”等一系列新思想新观点新论断。习近平外交思想坚持理论与实践相结合、认识论与方法论相统一，树立了坚持唯物论和辩证法推进理论创新的典范，闪耀着马克思主义真理光辉。

Adhering to the Two Integrations. The Two Integrations are a major creation in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and also the source of theoretical innovation. Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought uses the “arrow” of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times to shoot at the “target” of the concrete realities of diplomatic work. In judging the international situation and global trends, it arrives at an accurate understanding that conforms to objective laws; in setting the goals and tasks of diplomatic work, it makes strategic deployments that align with China’s actual conditions and the requirements of the times, effectively guiding and advancing the practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought integrates the essence of Marxist thought with the best of traditional Chinese culture, and merges it with the common values that the people use daily without conscious awareness. It creatively transforms and innovatively develops traditional Chinese concepts such as “a world of great harmony,” “harmony in diversity,” “good neighborliness and benevolence,” and “unity of heaven and humanity,” injecting them into new diplomatic initiatives and propositions. This endows contemporary Chinese diplomacy with firm cultural confidence, presenting distinctive Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, and possessing a broad historical depth.

坚持“两个结合”。“两个结合”是马克思主义中国化时代化的重大创造，也是理论创新的源头活水。习近平外交思想用中国化时代化的马克思主义之“矢”去射外交工作具体实际之“的”，在对国际形势和世界大势的判断上得出符合客观规律的准确认识，在外交工作目标任务上作出符合中国实际和时代要求的战略部署，有力指导推进中国特色大国外交实践。习近平外交思想把马克思主义思想精髓同中华优秀传统文化精华贯通起来、同人民群众日用而不觉的共同价值观念融通起来，将“天下大同”“和而不同”“亲仁善邻”“天人合一”等中华优秀传统理念进行创造性转化和创新性发展，注入外交新倡议新主张，使当代中国外交昂扬着坚定的文化自信，呈现出鲜明的中国特色、中国风格、中国气派，具有宏阔的历史纵深。

Being adept at upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is an important ideological method for our Party in governing the country in the New Era. The enrichment and development of Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought is a process of developing through inheritance and innovating while upholding fundamental principles. On the one hand, it adheres to the fine traditions and fundamental direction of Chinese diplomacy, unswervingly upholding the basic principles of Marxism, the overall leadership of the Party, and socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the other hand, it bravely explores and opens up new horizons. Starting from the current reality and fundamental trends of the shared destiny of human society and the shared responsibility for global affairs, it puts forward new propositions such as an equal and orderly multipolar world, a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, building a community of life on Earth, and the Global South initiative for open and inclusive cooperation. At the same time, it systematically summarizes the valuable experience of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, and, in light of new situations, new tasks, and new requirements, guides the continuous innovation and upgrading of diplomatic concepts, institutions, and capabilities. Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought insists on the mutual reinforcement of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, and the dialectical unity of principledness and creativity, significantly enhancing the scientific nature, foresight, initiative, and creativity of foreign affairs work.

善于守正创新。守正创新是我们党在新时代治国理政的重要思想方法。习近平外交思想的丰富发展，是一个在继承中发展、在守正中创新的过程。一方面，坚守中国外交的优良传统和根本方向，坚持马克思主义基本原理不动摇，坚持党的全面领导不动摇，坚持中国特色社会主义不动摇。另一方面，勇于探索、开辟新局，从人类社会命运与共、全球责任共担的当今现实和根本趋势出发，提出平等有序的世界多极化和普惠包容的经济全球化、构建地球生命共同体、全球南方开放包容合作倡议等新主张。同时系统总结新时代中国特色大国外交的宝贵经验，着眼新形势新任务新要求指引外交工作观念、体制、能力等不断革新提升。习近平外交思想坚持守正与创新相辅相成、原则性和创造性辩证统一，显著提升对外工作的科学性、预见性、主动性、创造性。

Adhering to confidence and self-reliance. Confidence is the inherent spiritual bearing of the Communist Party of China, and self-reliance is an important principle for our Party’s founding and governance. As an important component of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, diplomatic work must take firm confidence in the path, confidence in the theory, confidence in the system, and confidence in the culture as the source of strength and foundation of belief for conducting foreign affairs. Independence is the prerequisite and foundation for China to demonstrate its responsibility as a major country on the international stage. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “We must base the development of the country and the nation on our own strength,” “China’s problems must be addressed starting from China’s basic national conditions,” and “China’s affairs must be decided and handled by the Chinese people themselves.” In the face of great struggles, General Secretary Xi Jinping stresses: “Any risks and challenges that endanger China’s core interests and major principles, any risks and challenges that endanger the fundamental interests of the Chinese people, and any risks and challenges that endanger China’s realization of the Two Centenary Goals and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation—as long as they come, we must wage a resolute struggle, without wavering or retreating, until victory is achieved.” Under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought, Chinese diplomacy in the New Era adheres to taking socialism with Chinese characteristics as its foundation, strengthens strategic confidence, persists in the unremitting pursuit of the lofty goal of building a community with a shared future for mankind, and firmly safeguards national sovereignty, security, and development interests, fully reflecting the national will, national spirit, and international image of China in the New Era.

坚持自信自立。自信是中国共产党素有的精神气度，自立是我们立党立国的重要原则。外交工作作为中国特色社会主义事业的重要组成部分，要将坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信作为开展对外工作的力量之源和信念之基。独立自主是中国在国际舞台上体现大国担当的前提和基础。习近平总书记强调：“坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上”“中国的问题必须从中国基本国情出发”“中国的事情必须由中国人民自己作主张、自己来处理”。面对伟大斗争，习近平总书记强调：“凡是危害我国核心利益和重大原则的各种风险挑战，凡是危害我国人民根本利益的各种风险挑战，凡是危害我国实现‘两个一百年’奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的各种风险挑战，只要来了，我们就必须进行坚决斗争，毫不动摇，毫不退缩，直至取得胜利。”在习近平外交思想指引下，新时代中国外交坚持以中国特色社会主义为根本，增强战略自信，坚持对构建人类命运共同体崇高目标的不懈追求，坚定维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，充分体现了新时代中国的国家意志、民族精神和国际形象。

Employ systematic thinking. Systematic thinking is an important method and tool for Marxism to understand and transform the world. For example, in top-level design, it clarifies that upholding the Party’s leadership over external work is the fundamental guarantee, clarifies that the diplomatic authority of the Party Central Committee is the core principle and fundamental embodiment of realizing the Party’s centralized and unified leadership over external work, and continuously consolidates and expands the pattern of great coordination in which the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates all sides. The Regulations on the Work of the Communist Party of China in Leading Foreign Affairs [5]5 The Regulations on the Work of the Communist Party of China in Leading Foreign Affairs (中国共产党领导外事工作条例) are internal Party regulations that codify the Party’s leadership over foreign affairs work. are formulated and implemented to ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee on external work are implemented without compromise, and to raise the institutionalized, standardized, and scientific level of foreign affairs work. In terms of systematizing and theorizing the theory, it clarifies the mission and purpose of Chinese diplomacy in the New Era, clarifies the principles and policies to be adhered to in external work, clarifies the shaping of the unique style of Chinese diplomacy, and especially clarifies that promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind is the main line of diplomatic work, clarifying the “four beams and eight pillars” [6]6 “Four beams and eight pillars” (四梁八柱) is a Chinese architectural metaphor for the main supporting framework of a system. of this scientific system, namely: taking the building of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, inclusiveness, clean and beautiful as the goal of efforts; taking the promotion of global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits as the path of realization; taking the practice of the common values of all mankind as the universal guide; taking the promotion of building a new type of international relations as the basic support; taking the implementation of the four major global initiatives [7]7 The four major global initiatives refer to the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global AI Governance Initiative proposed by Xi Jinping. as the strategic guidance; and taking the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative as an important platform for practice. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy adheres to the scientific method of systematic thinking, continuously enhancing the overall planning, systematic integration, and coordinated efficiency of external work in the New Era.

运用系统思维。系统思维是马克思主义认识世界、改造世界的重要方法和工具。比如，在顶层设计方面，明确了坚持党对对外工作的领导这一根本保证，明确了外交大权在党中央是实现党对对外工作集中统一领导的核心原则和根本体现，不断巩固拓展党总揽全局、协调各方的大协同格局。制定实施《中国共产党领导外事工作条例》，确保党中央对外工作决策部署不折不扣贯彻落实，提高外事工作的制度化、规范化、科学化水平。在理论体系化学理化方面，明确了新时代中国外交的使命宗旨，明确了对外工作要坚持的方针原则，明确了塑造中国外交的独特风范，特别是明确了推动构建人类命运共同体是外交工作主线，明确了这一科学体系的“四梁八柱”，这就是：以建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界为努力目标，以推动共商共建共享的全球治理为实现路径，以践行全人类共同价值为普遍遵循，以推动构建新型国际关系为基本支撑，以落实四大全球倡议为战略引领，以高质量共建“一带一路”为重要实践平台。习近平外交思想坚持系统思维科学方法，使新时代对外工作的整体谋划、系统集成、协同高效不断增强。

Always keep the world in mind. Keeping the world in mind is a historical experience of the Party’s century-old struggle and is also a position, viewpoint, and method that must be firmly grasped to promote theoretical innovation. Every step of innovation in Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy upholds the broad world vision of Communists and embodies China’s sense of responsibility as a major country. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, Chinese diplomacy follows the right path, upholds justice, takes concrete actions to maintain world peace and development, and leads the way in promoting the progress of human civilization. It actively plays the role of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, becoming the permanent member of the Security Council that sends the most peacekeeping personnel; actively promotes the political settlement of hotspot issues, shuttles and appeals for the mediation of the Ukraine crisis and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and successfully promotes the reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran and the dialogue between Cambodia and Thailand; resolutely opposes decoupling, severing supply chains, erecting barriers and building fences, and maintains the security, stability, and smooth flow of global industrial and supply chains; takes concrete actions to address climate change and leads green development. Seeking progress for mankind and common good for the world, Chinese diplomacy practices the lofty pursuit and original aspiration of a major party and a major country, demonstrating the broad vision and righteous spirit that transcend and surpass traditional major-country diplomacy.

始终胸怀天下。坚持胸怀天下是党百余年奋斗的历史经验，也是推进理论创新必须把握好的立场观点方法。习近平外交思想的每一步创新，都秉持共产党人宽广的世界情怀，体现中国作为大国的责任担当。在习近平外交思想指引下，中国外交行大道、担正义，维护世界和平与发展干在实处，推动人类文明进步走在前列。积极发挥联合国安理会常任理事国作用，成为派出维和人员最多的安理会常任理事国；积极推动热点问题政治解决，为斡旋乌克兰危机和巴以冲突奔走呼吁，成功促成沙特同伊朗和解、柬埔寨同泰国对话；坚决反对脱钩断链、筑墙设垒，维护全球产业链供应链安全稳定畅通；以实际行动应对气候变化，引领绿色发展。为人类谋进步、为世界谋大同，中国外交践行大党大国的崇高追求和初心情怀，展现对传统大国外交扬弃超越的宽广胸怀和浩然正气。

Practice diplomacy for the people. Any theory that is divorced from the people is pale and feeble, and any theory that does not benefit the people has no vitality. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy adheres to a people-centered approach, firmly safeguarding the fundamental interests of the country and the people, and takes the people’s sense of happiness, security, and satisfaction as an important yardstick for measuring diplomatic work. It adheres to taking the people’s dreams as its own dreams, guiding diplomatic work to actively serve domestic high-quality development and high-standard opening up, creating a favorable external environment and seeking more understanding and support for achieving the Second Centenary Goal [8]8 The Second Centenary Goal (第二个百年奋斗目标) is to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century.. It adheres to taking the people’s friendship as a bridge, giving full play to the unique role of people-to-people diplomacy, moving people with sincerity, warming people with heart, and touching people with emotion, making the people of China and foreign countries closer and more identified with each other, allowing the trickle of people’s friendship to converge into a powerful force for promoting world peace and development. Chinese diplomacy is the diplomacy of the people, rooted in the people, keeping the people in mind, and benefiting the people, providing inexhaustible impetus for us to overcome difficulties and forge ahead courageously.

践行外交为民。一切脱离人民的理论都是苍白无力的，一切不为人民造福的理论都是没有生命力的。习近平外交思想坚持以人民为中心，坚定维护国家和人民根本利益，把人民的幸福感、安全感和满意度作为衡量外交工作的重要标尺。坚持以人民的梦想为梦想，指引外交工作积极服务国内高质量发展和高水平对外开放，为实现第二个百年奋斗目标营造良好外部环境、争取更多理解支持。坚持以人民的友谊为桥梁，发挥民间外交独特作用，以诚感人、以心暖人、以情动人，使中外人民彼此更亲近更认同，让人民友好的涓涓细流汇聚成促进世界和平发展的强大力量。中国外交是人民的外交，根植人民、胸怀人民、造福人民，为我们攻坚克难、勇毅前行提供了不竭动力。

Thought guides the direction, and struggle is timely. We must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments [9]9 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refer to establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding position of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., enhance the Four Consciousnesses [10]10 The Four Consciousnesses (四个意识) refer to the consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership., strengthen the Four Confidences [11]11 The Four Confidences (四个自信) refer to confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics., and achieve the Two Upholds [12]12 The Two Upholds (两个维护) refer to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.. Taking the in-depth study and meticulous understanding of the *Outline for the Study of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy (2025 Edition)* as an opportunity, we must fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, strengthen political loyalty, continuously improve the ability and level of serving and guaranteeing head-of-state diplomacy, strive with a strong sense of mission and responsibility to open up new prospects for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and make new contributions to advancing the great cause of building a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

思想指引方向，奋斗正当其时。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，以深学细悟《习近平外交思想学习纲要（2025年版）》为契机，完整准确全面贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示精神和党中央决策部署，强化政治忠诚，不断提高服务保障元首外交的能力水平，以强烈使命担当奋力开拓中国特色大国外交新局面，推动构建人类命运共同体，为推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业作出新的贡献。