Upholding the Organic Unity of a People-Centered Approach and Economic Development as the Central Task

Upholding a people-centered approach is a contemporary interpretation of the Marxist stance on the people and the value foundation for the steady and sustained progress of Chinese-path modernization. Upholding economic development as the central task is a requirement of the Party’s basic line, grasping the “key link” of economic construction. By making development the top priority, other work can be carried out more effectively. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: “A people-centered approach is

坚持以人民为中心，是对马克思主义人民立场的当代诠释，是中国式现代化行稳致远的价值根基。坚持以经济建设为中心，是党的基本路线的要求，抓住了经济建设这个“牛鼻子”。把发展作为第一要务，其他工作就可以更好展开。习近平总书记强调：“以人民为中心是我们的根本执政理念”“以经济建设为中心是兴国之要”。党的二十届四中全会《建议》在阐释“十五五”时期经济社会发展的指导思想时提出：“坚持以经济建设为中心”“以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要为根本目的”。以人民为中心与以经济建设为中心相互关联、相辅相成，在社会矛盾发展运动中形成客观规律与主观目标、社会主体与历史规定的有机统一，彰显合规律性与合目的性的高度一致性，共同服务于新时代中国特色社会主义事业的宏伟蓝图。

Understanding the People-Centered Development Thought Based on the Fundamental Contradictions of Society

基于社会基本矛盾理解以人民为中心的发展思想

Being people-centered is the political expression of the Marxist philosophical connotation that the people are the subject of history, the subject of practice, and the subject of value.

以人民为中心，是马克思主义关于人民是历史主体、实践主体和价值主体的哲学内涵的政治表达。

Historical materialism holds that the practical activities of people drive the development of the fundamental contradictions of society, that people's practical capacity resolves the problems of the fundamental contradictions of society, that people's practical purposes influence the trajectory of the fundamental contradictions of society, and that the fundamental orientation of the movement of the fundamental contradictions of society lies in realizing the free and comprehensive development of the individual. In material production, spiritual creation, and social activities, the movement of the fundamental contradictions of society is usually manifested through the agency, sociality, and historicity of people as the subjects of practice. The objective determinacy of the laws of movement of the fundamental contradictions of society is organically unified with people's subjectivity, practicality, and agency, driving social development and creating human civilization. In socialist society, the organic unity of the subjective and objective aspects of the fundamental contradictions of society is typically reflected in the following aspects.

唯物史观认为，人的实践活动推动社会基本矛盾发展，人的实践能力解决社会基本矛盾问题，人的实践目的影响社会基本矛盾轨迹，而社会基本矛盾运动的根本指向在于实现人的自由全面发展。在物质生产、精神创造和社会活动中，社会基本矛盾运动通常是以作为实践主体的人的能动性、社会性、历史性体现出来的。社会基本矛盾运动规律的客观规定性与人的主体性、实践性和能动性有机统一，推动了社会发展，创造了人类文明。在社会主义社会，社会基本矛盾的主客观有机统一性，典型地体现在以下几个方面。

The inherent determinacy of the people as the subject of social history provides the economic and social foundation for being people-centered. The people, as the subject of social history, are an inherent attribute of the self-development of social history; social history is fundamentally the history created by the masses of the people in social practice. The contradictory movement between productive forces and relations of production, and between the economic base and the superstructure, is the fundamental driving force for the emergence and development of human historical activity. The fundamental contradictions of socialist society remain the contradictions between productive forces and relations of production, and between the economic base and the superstructure. Today, the public ownership economy is the main component of our country's economy, while diverse forms of ownership are economic components that inevitably exist in the primary stage of socialism. Under socialist conditions, these economic components possess a people's character. Therefore, the basic socialist economic system lays the economic foundation for the people to become the subjects of society. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "We must adhere to the consistency of respecting the laws of social development and respecting the people's status as the subject of history." [1]1 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Celebration of the 95th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China" (July 1, 2016). The objectivity of the laws of social development is realized through the subjective practice of the people, while the subjective activities of the people are also unfolded by following the objective laws of social development. The economic relations of socialist society are the basic carrier of the laws of socialist social development. They cause the fundamental contradictions of socialist society to be realistically manifested as a social form in which the people are the subjects of society, thereby laying the premise and foundation for the fundamental direction and political purpose of social development, and determining the status of the people as the subjects of the development of social history.

人民作为社会历史主体的内在规定性，为以人民为中心提供了经济社会基础。人民作为社会历史主体，是社会历史自身发展的固有属性，社会历史从根本上说是人民群众在社会实践中创造的历史。生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的矛盾运动，是人类历史活动产生和发展的根本动因。社会主义社会基本矛盾仍然是生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑之间的矛盾。今天，公有制经济是我国的经济主体成分，多种所有制经济是我国社会主义初级阶段必然存在的经济成分。在社会主义条件下，这些经济成分具有人民属性。因此，社会主义基本经济制度为人民成为社会主体奠定了经济基础。习近平总书记指出：“我们必须坚持尊重社会发展规律和尊重人民历史主体地位的一致性”。社会发展规律的客观性通过人民的主体性实践得以实现，而人民的主体活动也通过遵循社会发展客观规律得以展开。社会主义社会的经济关系是社会主义社会发展规律的基础载体，它使得社会主义的社会基本矛盾现实地体现为人民作为社会主体的社会形态，从而为社会发展的根本方向和政治宗旨奠定了前提和基础，决定了人民作为社会历史发展主体的地位。

The internal logic of the people as the fundamental driving force of social development establishes the status of the people as the subject of practice for being people-centered. The movement of the fundamental contradictions of socialist society is the fundamental driving force promoting the development of socialist society. In the historical process of the development of human society, the fundamental driving force of historical development formed by the fundamental contradictions of society is manifested and realized through the subjective practice of people. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: "The magnificent history of the development of the Chinese nation was written by the Chinese people! The broad and profound Chinese civilization was created by the Chinese people! The enduring and ever-new Chinese national spirit was cultivated by the Chinese people! The great leap of the Chinese nation from standing up, to becoming prosperous, to becoming strong was achieved through the struggle of the Chinese people!" [2]2 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the First Session of the 13th National People's Congress" (March 20, 2018). In socialist society, the fundamental driving force of the fundamental contradictions of society is manifested through the practice of the people as subjects. The people are the creators of society's material and spiritual wealth; the labor practice of the masses of the people creates the preconditions for the development of material production. At the same time, the social practice activities of the people also provide the production labor and life foundation for the creation of spiritual wealth. Therefore, the masses of the people are the great driving force and the ultimate decisive force of social change. The adjustment of relations of production demanded by the development of productive forces, and the changes and even replacement of the superstructure demanded by the transformation of the economic base, are all manifested and realized through the people as the subject of history. In the process of production, the masses of the people continuously promote the development of productive forces and change social relations, thereby profoundly embodying the laws of movement of the fundamental contradictions of society in historical development.

人民作为社会发展根本动力的内在逻辑，为以人民为中心确立了实践主体地位。社会主义社会基本矛盾的运动，是推动社会主义社会发展的根本动力。在人类社会发展的历史过程中，社会基本矛盾形成的历史发展根本动力，是通过人的主体实践来体现和实现的。习近平总书记强调：“波澜壮阔的中华民族发展史是中国人民书写的！博大精深的中华文明是中国人民创造的！历久弥新的中华民族精神是中国人民培育的！中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃是中国人民奋斗出来的！”在社会主义社会，社会基本矛盾的根本动力作用，是通过人民主体的实践来体现的。人民是社会物质财富和精神财富的创造者，人民群众的劳动实践为物质生产发展创造前提条件。同时，人民的社会实践活动也为精神财富的创造提供生产劳动和生活基础。因此，人民群众是社会变革的伟大推动力量和最终决定力量。生产力发展要求的生产关系调整、经济基础变革要求的上层建筑变化乃至更替，都是通过人民这一历史主体来体现和实现的。人民群众在生产过程中不断推动生产力发展并改变社会关系，由此深刻体现出社会基本矛盾在历史发展中的运动规律。

The value characteristic of the people as the purpose of development establishes the value foundation for being people-centered. In the process of continuously promoting the development of productive forces and the transformation of social relations, the fundamental contradictions of society create social conditions for the comprehensive development of the individual. In socialist society, the people are not only the subject of practice in economic and social development but also the subject of value in economic and social development. The people-centered development thought runs through the entire process of the contradictory movement between productive forces and relations of production, and between the economic base and the superstructure. It realizes the organic combination of the objective movement of the fundamental contradictions of society with the people's subjectivity and autonomy in the great practice of the New Era, achieving the organic unity of the regularity and purposiveness of social development. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "Leading the people to create a better life is the unwavering goal of our Party." [3]3 Xi Jinping, "Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era" — Report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (October 18, 2017). Our Party adheres to being people-centered precisely to grasp the objective laws of the movement of the fundamental contradictions of society, to continuously realize the interests of the people by promoting better compatibility between relations of production and productive forces, and between the superstructure and the economic base, to lead the continuous advancement of the socialist cause, and ultimately to realize the comprehensive development of the individual.

人民作为发展目的的价值特质，为以人民为中心确定了价值基础。社会基本矛盾在不断推动生产力发展、社会关系变革的过程中，为人的全面发展创造社会条件。在社会主义社会，人民不仅是经济社会发展的实践主体，而且是经济社会发展的价值主体。以人民为中心的发展思想，贯穿于生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑矛盾运动的全过程，实现了客观的社会基本矛盾运动与人民主体和自主性在新时代伟大实践中的有机结合，达成了社会发展的合规律性与合目的性的有机统一。习近平总书记指出：“带领人民创造美好生活，是我们党始终不渝的奋斗目标。”我们党坚持以人民为中心，就是要把握社会基本矛盾运动客观规律，通过推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础更好相适应，不断实现人民利益，引领社会主义事业不断向前发展，最终实现人的全面发展。

Since the beginning of the New Era, the people-centered development thought has further consolidated the people's status as subjects, reflected the essential stipulations of the fundamental contradictions of society, and highlighted the subjective practical characteristics of the movement of the fundamental contradictions of socialist society. The systematic elaboration of important concepts such as "the rivers and mountains are the people, and the people are the rivers and mountains," [4]4 A phrase from Xi Jinping's speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (July 1, 2021), emphasizing the unity of the Party and the people. "popular sentiment is the greatest politics," [5]5 A concept frequently used by Xi Jinping to stress that winning popular support is the most important political task. "upholding the supremacy of the people and the supremacy of life," [6]6 A principle emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic, prioritizing people's lives and health. and "always maintaining the flesh-and-blood bond with the masses of the people"; the implementation of major strategic deployments such as developing whole-process people's democracy, building a social governance pattern of joint contribution, joint governance, and shared benefits, and solidly advancing common prosperity; and the successful practices of local reforms such as "maximum one visit," [7]7 A reform initiative in Zhejiang Province to streamline government services so citizens need to visit government offices only once for a given procedure. "one-stop online processing," [8]8 A national reform to enable online processing of government services through a single platform. and "cross-provincial processing" [9]9 A reform allowing citizens to process government services across provincial borders without returning to their home province. — these all-encompassing explorations and systematic advancements, from conceptual guidance and strategic deployment to practical implementation, have allowed the people's status as subjects to be more fully and comprehensively manifested in socialist economic, political, and social relations. This has not only consolidated the central position of the people as the subject of history but has also elevated the people's subjective consciousness, subjective capacity, and subjective value to an unprecedented level in the great journey of the New Era, making them the deepest source of strength driving Chinese-path modernization.

新时代以来，以人民为中心的发展思想进一步巩固了人民的主体地位，体现了社会基本矛盾的本质规定，凸显了社会主义社会基本矛盾运动的主体实践特征。“江山就是人民，人民就是江山”“民心是最大的政治”“坚持人民至上、生命至上”“始终保持同人民群众的血肉联系”等重要理念的系统阐释；发展全过程人民民主、打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局、扎实推进共同富裕等重大战略部署的实施；“最多跑一次”“一网通办”“跨省通办”等地方改革的成功实践，这些从理念引领、战略部署到实践落地的全方位探索与系统性推进，让人民主体地位在社会主义经济关系、政治关系、社会关系中得到更充分、更全面的彰显，不仅巩固了人民作为历史主体的中心地位，更让人民的主体意识、主体能力、主体价值在新时代的伟大征程中得到前所未有的提升，成为推动中国式现代化的最深厚力量源泉。

Understanding Taking Economic Construction as the Central Task Based on the Principal Contradiction of Society

基于社会主要矛盾理解以经济建设为中心

The principal contradiction of society is the contradiction that plays a dominant and decisive role at a specific stage of social development. In essence, it is the concrete manifestation of the fundamental contradictions of society at different historical periods of social development. The principal contradiction of society is the basis for determining the central task of the Party and the state at a specific historical stage. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: "Whether the cause of the Party and the people can advance in the correct direction depends on whether we can accurately recognize and grasp the principal contradiction of society and determine the central task." [10]10 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" (October 29, 2020). The fundamental contradictions of society, at different historical stages and under different social conditions, have different forms of manifestation and methods of resolution, thus forming different principal contradictions of society and determining the central task of social development at different historical stages.

社会主要矛盾是在社会发展特定阶段起支配性、决定性作用的矛盾，本质上是社会基本矛盾在社会发展不同历史时期的具体呈现。社会主要矛盾是确定党和国家在特定历史阶段的中心任务的依据。习近平总书记强调：“党和人民事业能不能沿着正确方向前进，取决于我们能否准确认识和把握社会主要矛盾、确定中心任务。”社会基本矛盾在发展的不同历史阶段、不同社会条件下，其表现形式、解决方法有所不同，由此形成了不同的社会主要矛盾，决定了不同历史阶段社会发展的中心任务。

Taking economic construction as the central task is the core content, important guarantee, and key pathway for resolving the principal contradiction in the primary stage of socialism. Marxism holds that the production of material goods is the foundation of human social existence and development, and that productive forces are the ultimate decisive force in social development. The primary object of transforming the world is the natural world, and the production of material goods is precisely the most direct practice through which humanity connects with nature and alters its form. Among the many forms of human practice, economic construction is the core carrier and main pathway for the production of material goods. For our country, which has long been in the primary stage of socialism, taking economic construction as the central task is undoubtedly the fundamental support for consolidating the nation’s development foundation and meeting the people’s material and cultural needs.

以经济建设为中心是解决社会主义初级阶段社会主要矛盾的核心内容、重要保障与关键路径。马克思主义认为，物质资料生产是人类社会存在和发展的基础，生产力是社会发展的最终决定力量。改造世界的首要对象是自然世界，而物质资料生产正是人类与自然发生联系、改变自然形态的最直接实践。在诸多人类实践中，经济建设是物质资料生产的核心载体和主要路径。对长期处于社会主义初级阶段的我国来说，以经济建设为中心无疑是夯实国家发展根基、满足人民物质文化需求的根本支撑。

Entering the New Era, the principal contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. Under complex and severe domestic and international circumstances, our country has adhered to taking economic construction as the central task and achieved remarkable accomplishments that have attracted worldwide attention. Our country’s gross domestic product rose from approximately 52 trillion yuan in 2012 to over 140 trillion yuan in 2025, with economic growth rates ranking among the highest in major economies, and for many consecutive years the contribution rate to world economic growth has remained at around 30 percent, making it the most stable and reliable source of power for world economic development. Our country’s industrial structure has been continuously upgraded, the pace of building a modern industrial system has accelerated, and the industrial sector is accelerating its transformation from a development model primarily driven by factors and investment scale to one driven by innovation, shifting toward high-end, intelligent, and green development. In 2025, the proportion of value added from high-tech manufacturing industries above a designated size in our country rose to 17.1 percent of the total value added from industries above a designated size. Our country is not only the only country in the world possessing all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification, but has also become the “locomotive” of global manufacturing. Amid the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, our country has implemented an innovation-driven development strategy and achieved major results in fields such as manned spaceflight, artificial intelligence, and fifth-generation mobile communications; the “three new items” of new-energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products have leapfrogged in development and led the world… These achievements fully demonstrate that taking economic construction as the central task has demonstrated even more powerful practical force in the New Era.

进入新时代，我国社会主要矛盾转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。在复杂严峻的国内外形势下，我国坚持以经济建设为中心，取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。我国国内生产总值从2012年约52万亿元攀升至2025年超过140万亿元，经济增速在主要经济体中名列前茅，连续多年对世界经济增长的贡献率保持在30%左右，是世界经济发展最稳定、最可靠的动力源。我国产业结构持续升级，现代化产业体系建设步伐加快，工业领域加速从要素驱动、投资规模驱动发展为主向以创新驱动发展为主转变，向高端化、智能化、绿色化转型。2025年我国规模以上高技术制造业增加值占规模以上工业增加值的比重提升至17.1%。我国不仅是全球唯一拥有联合国产业分类中全部工业门类的国家，更成为全球制造业的“火车头”。在新一轮科技革命和产业变革中，我国实施创新驱动发展战略，在载人航天、人工智能、第五代移动通信等领域取得重大成果；新能源汽车、锂电池、光伏产品“新三样”跨越发展引领全球……这些成就充分证明，以经济建设为中心在新时代彰显出更强大的实践伟力。

The transformation of the principal contradiction in the New Era requires that economic construction better play its foundational and central role, providing solid material support and driving force for construction in all fields. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “We have also prominently emphasized the need to take economic construction as the central task and to give full play to the leading role of economic system reform. That is to say, we must grasp the main aspect of the basic contradiction in our society at the present stage, with the focus on development.” This important exposition provides scientific guidance for our understanding of the development requirements of taking economic construction as the central task in the New Era. Taking economic construction as the central task to lead the overall development situation can not only promote the improvement of hard power, such as infrastructure development and industrial upgrading, but also drive the enhancement of soft power, such as the optimization of public services and the improvement of governance effectiveness. For example, through various means such as policy guidance and market regulation, our country directs financial capital, private capital, and other resources toward key areas of people’s livelihood, playing an important role in supporting small and micro business entities, assisting in the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, ensuring the needs of key groups, and promoting the development of people’s livelihood undertakings.

新时代社会主要矛盾的转化，要求经济建设更好发挥基础作用、中心作用，为各领域建设提供坚实的物质支撑和动力牵引。习近平总书记指出：“我们也突出强调了要以经济建设为中心、发挥经济体制改革牵引作用。这就是说，要把握住我国现阶段社会基本矛盾的主要方面，重点是发展。”这一重要论述为我们把握新时代以经济建设为中心的发展要求提供了科学指引。以经济建设为中心引领发展全局，既能够推动基础设施完善、产业升级等硬实力提升，也能够带动公共服务优化、治理效能增强等软实力发展。如我国通过政策引导、市场调节等多种方式，让金融资本、民营资本等流向民生关键领域，在扶持小微经营主体、助力乡村全面振兴、保障重点群体需求、推动民生事业发展等方面发挥重要作用。

Taking economic construction as the central task is a strategic choice made by the Party based on its precise grasp of the principal contradiction in the primary stage of socialism. Economic construction plays a fundamental role in meeting the people’s material needs, giving rise to higher-level social needs, and driving coordinated development across all fields. This is determined first and foremost by the principal contradiction of socialist society, and also by the foundational position of economic construction in national development. China’s social development practice has fully proven: firmly grasping economic construction as the central task enables one to master and drive the overall situation of modernization; departing from this central task will harm the entire modernization cause.

以经济建设为中心，是党对社会主义初级阶段社会主要矛盾精准把握作出的战略抉择。经济建设在满足人民物质需求、催生更高层次社会需求、牵动各领域协同发展等方面都发挥着根本性作用。这首先是由社会主义社会主要矛盾决定的，也是由经济建设在国家发展中的基础性地位决定的。中国的社会发展实践充分证明：牢牢抓住经济建设这个中心，就能掌握和推动现代化全局；脱离这个中心，整个现代化事业都会受到损害。

Following the laws governing the movement of social contradictions, deeply grasp the organic unity of a people-centered approach and taking economic construction as the central task

遵循社会矛盾运动规律，深刻把握以人民为中心与以经济建设为中心的有机统一

A people-centered approach originates from the laws governing the movement of basic social contradictions, is the value core running through the entire process of socialist construction, and is also the value destination of Chinese-path modernization. Adhering to a people-centered approach is a fundamental orientation regarding the nature, purpose, and direction of our country’s economic and social development. Taking economic construction as the central task focuses on the historical and stage-specific demands of the principal social contradiction. The specific manifestations of the principal social contradiction in different historical periods determine that economic construction, as the basic pathway for resolving contradictions, possesses distinct practical attributes and stage-specific characteristics. The organic connection between a people-centered approach and taking economic construction as the central task indicates that the Party’s central tasks and central work both follow the basic laws of human social development and respond to the development demands of different stages. This is our Party’s accurate grasp and creative application of the laws governing the movement of socialist social contradictions. The dialectical relationship between the two is mainly reflected as follows:

以人民为中心来源于社会基本矛盾运动规律，是贯穿社会主义建设全过程的价值内核，也是中国式现代化建设的价值归宿。坚持以人民为中心，是对我国经济社会发展的性质、目的和方向的根本定位。以经济建设为中心聚焦于社会主要矛盾的历史阶段性诉求。社会主要矛盾在不同历史时期的具体表现，决定了经济建设作为破解矛盾的基本途径，具有鲜明的实践属性和阶段性特点。以人民为中心与以经济建设为中心的有机联系表明，党的中心任务和中心工作既遵循了人类社会发展的基本规律，又回应了不同阶段的发展诉求，是我们党对社会主义社会矛盾运动规律的准确把握和创造性运用。两者之间的辩证关系主要体现如下：

The two have an organic unity relationship of “subject–object” correspondence. A people-centered approach highlights the practical subject of economic construction, and the subject-oriented nature of a people-centered approach ensures that taking economic construction as the central task always points toward the value purpose of putting the people first. Taking economic construction as the central task is the objective support for a people-centered approach, and its high-quality development is the material prerequisite for ensuring the comprehensive development of the subject, enabling the subject’s needs to be realized and fulfilled. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: “Adhere to development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people.” This requires taking human development as the fundamental measure of material development, both preventing the deprivation of “people trapped by things” and guarding against the alienation of “people enslaved by things.” Following a people-centered approach requires precisely responding to people’s needs, respecting people’s value, and safeguarding people’s rights and interests in the process of producing, improving quality, and distributing goods, ensuring that material development always serves people, achieving a virtuous cycle of “people getting what they need and things being used to their fullest.” Taking economic construction as the central task is the line, policy, and objective content for promoting our country’s economic and social development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Promote the continuous forward development of our society’s productive forces, and promote the realization of the unity of the continuous enrichment of things and the comprehensive development of people.” Through the practical achievements of economic construction, the connotation of a people-centered approach is enriched, continuously transforming the purpose and concept of a people-centered approach into a sense of gain and happiness perceptible to the people. For example, by the end of 2025, with the opening of the Xi’an to Yan’an high-speed railway in Shaanxi Province, the operating mileage of our country’s high-speed railways exceeded 50,000 kilometers, forming the world’s largest and most advanced high-speed rail network, with an operating mileage more than double the total of all other countries in the world combined. Its significance lies not only in technological breakthroughs and leading the world in indicators such as operating mileage scale, but also in that the rapidly developing high-speed railways have greatly shortened travel times between the central and western regions and the eastern region, allowing various factors to flow more smoothly across regions, promoting the formation of a new development pattern of industrial collaboration between regions; by responding with quality services to the people’s aspiration for a better life, making business, tourism, and family visits more convenient, it has directly improved the quality of life and efficiency of hundreds of millions of people. This is precisely the vivid practice of a people-centered approach in the field of infrastructure construction.

两者之间具有“主体—客体”相适应的有机统一关系。以人民为中心彰显经济建设的实践主体，以人民为中心的主体导向确保以经济建设为中心始终指向人民至上的价值旨归。以经济建设为中心是以人民为中心的客观支撑，其高质量发展是确保主体全面发展的物质前提，使主体需求能落地、能实现。习近平总书记强调：“坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享”。这就要求将人的发展作为物的发展的根本尺度，既防止“人困于物”的匮乏，也要警惕“人役于物”的异化。遵循以人民为中心，就要在物的生产、提质与分配过程中精准回应人的需求、尊重人的价值、保障人的权益，确保物的发展始终服务于人，实现“人得其所、物尽其用”的良性循环。以经济建设为中心，是推动我国经济社会发展的路线方针和客观内容。习近平总书记指出：“推动我国社会生产力不断向前发展，推动实现物的不断丰富和人的全面发展的统一。”通过经济建设的实践成果，丰富以人民为中心的内涵，不断使以人民为中心的宗旨理念转化为民众可感知的获得感和幸福感。比如，2025年底，随着陕西西安至延安高铁开通，我国高铁营业里程突破5万公里，是全球最大、最先进的高铁网，营业里程超过全球其他国家总和的两倍。其意义不仅在于技术的迭代突破、营业里程的规模等指标领先世界，更在于飞速发展的高铁大幅缩短中西部与东部地区的通行时间，让各类要素跨区域流动更顺畅，推动地区间形成产业协作的新的发展格局；以优质服务回应人民对美好生活的向往，让商务、旅游、探亲出行更便利，直接提升了数亿人的生活品质和效率。这正是以人民为中心在基础设施建设领域的生动实践。

Between the two there exists an organic unity of mutual support, a “motive force–guarantee” relationship. The people-centered approach is the core engine driving development. The needs of the people constitute the most enduring and reliable motive force for development. The people’s pursuit of a better life, from meeting basic needs for food and clothing to aspiring to a high-quality life, continuously generates new consumer demand and market space, providing a sustained demand-side impetus for economic construction. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that “domestic demand is the basic driving force of China’s economic development and an inevitable requirement for meeting the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life” and that we should “make domestic demand the main engine and stabilizer driving economic growth,”[n] profoundly revealing the core logic of the people’s needs as the endogenous driving force of economic development. The objective laws of economic development are embedded in the production and living needs of hundreds of millions of people. The expectations of enterprises for an improved business environment, the desire of farmers for increased output and income, and the hopes of the masses for a complete set of supporting public services—these genuine demands are precisely the source of motive force for economic development. At the same time, taking economic construction as the center provides an economic guarantee for the people’s well-being. It consolidates the economic foundation through economic development, furnishing the indispensable material prerequisite for the people-centered value goal. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Development is the foundation and key to solving all of China’s problems.”[n] Whether it is the improvement of public services such as education and medical care, or the enhancement of the ecological environment and the optimization of social governance, all require the support of financial resources, technology, and resources provided by economic development. Without the guarantee of economic construction, the people-centered approach would lose its realistic foundation. The optimized allocation of resource factors brought about by economic development can also enable human, material, and technological resources to be more efficiently channeled toward public services, ecological protection, and social governance, breaking through resource bottlenecks in development. Therefore, the people-centered approach continuously injects value momentum and development momentum into economic construction, promoting development that is of higher quality, more efficient, more equitable, more sustainable, and more secure; taking economic construction as the center, in the process of promoting the transformation of the economic model and the upgrading of the industrial structure, builds the material foundation and development platform for the people’s better life; on the new platform, the people’s needs present new content, endowing economic construction with new momentum. In the dialectical interaction of “motive force–guarantee,” the two empower each other and promote each other, continuously driving overall economic and social progress.

两者之间具有“动力—保障”相互支撑的有机统一联系。以人民为中心是驱动发展的核心引擎。人民需求是最持久、最可靠的发展动力。人民对美好生活的追求，从满足温饱到期待高品质生活，不断催生新的消费需求和市场空间，为经济建设提供持续的需求动力。习近平总书记指出“内需是中国经济发展的基本动力，也是满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的必然要求”“使内需成为拉动经济增长的主动力和稳定锚”，深刻揭示了人民需求作为经济发展内生动力的核心逻辑。经济发展的客观规律蕴含在亿万群众的生产生活需求之中。企业对营商环境优化的期待、农民对增产增收的渴望、群众对民生配套完善的期盼，这些真实诉求正是经济发展的动力源泉。同时，以经济建设为中心为人民幸福提供经济保障。它通过经济发展筑牢经济根基，为以人民为中心的价值目标提供不可缺少的物质前提。习近平总书记指出：“发展是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键”。无论是教育、医疗等公共服务的完善，还是生态环境的改善、社会治理的优化，都需要经济发展提供财力、技术和资源支撑。脱离经济建设的保障，以人民为中心就会失去现实基础。经济发展带来的资源要素优化配置，也能让人力、物力、技术等资源更高效地向公共服务、生态保护、社会治理领域倾斜，破解发展中的资源瓶颈问题。因此，以人民为中心不断为经济建设注入价值动能、发展动能，推动实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展；以经济建设为中心，在推动经济模式转换和产业结构升级过程中，为人民的美好生活构筑物质基础与发展平台；人民需求在新平台上又呈现新的内容，为经济建设赋予了新动力。两者在“动力—保障”的辩证互动中，彼此赋能、相互促进，持续推动经济社会的整体进步。

Between the two there exists an organic unity of mutual complementarity, an “end–means” relationship. The people-centered approach clarifies the core goal of “what kind of development to achieve,” while taking economic construction as the center answers the key path question of “how to develop.” On the one hand, the fundamental purpose of economic development is to benefit the people, enabling the broad masses of working people to share in the fruits of reform and development. Taking economic construction as the center is fundamentally aimed at better realizing the well-being of all the people, ultimately realizing, safeguarding, and developing the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people. This is precisely the high degree of unity and deep convergence between the people-centered approach and taking economic construction as the center in terms of goal pursuit. This unity and convergence are concretized in the perceptible and tangible life changes of hundreds of millions of people. For example, from 2012 to 2025, the national per capita disposable income of residents increased from 16,510 yuan to 43,377 yuan; in 2025, the urban-rural income ratio dropped from 2.34 in the previous year to 2.31, with the relative gap between urban and rural residents’ incomes continuing to narrow, fully demonstrating that the development achievements of taking economic construction as the center benefit all the people. On the other hand, economic construction, by resolving development contradictions and empowering the improvement of people’s livelihoods, provides solid practical support for the people-centered approach. For instance, the expansion of the total economic volume creates more employment opportunities. Along with the sustained growth of China’s total economic volume, since the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the annual number of new urban jobs has remained stable at over 12 million, achieving relatively full employment in a large developing country with a population of over 1.4 billion; coordinated regional development and integrated urban-rural development have narrowed regional disparities, with the economic growth rate of the central and western regions faster than that of the eastern region, and the income growth rate of rural residents has been faster than that of urban residents for many consecutive years; projects such as “east data, west computing” and “west-to-east electricity transmission” have transformed resource advantages into development advantages, ensuring that the people equally enjoy development opportunities; and so on. Taking economic construction as the center not only takes adhering to the people-centered approach as its value orientation but also constitutes the practical path for realizing human development itself. Therefore, the people-centered approach is the value standard of taking economic construction as the center, while taking economic construction as the center is the path requirement of the people-centered approach.

两者之间具有“目的—手段”相辅相成的有机统一联系。以人民为中心明确“实现什么样的发展”的核心目标，以经济建设为中心则回答“如何发展”的关键路径问题。一方面，发展经济的根本目的是造福人民，让广大劳动者共享改革发展成果。以经济建设为中心，根本上是为了更好地实现全体人民的福祉，最终实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益，这正是以人民为中心与以经济建设为中心在目标追求上的高度统一与深度契合。这种统一与契合具象化为亿万民众可感可知的生活变迁。比如，2012年至2025年期间，全国居民人均可支配收入从16510元增加到43377元，2025年城乡居民收入比由上年的2.34降至2.31，城乡居民收入相对差距持续缩小，充分体现了以经济建设为中心的发展成果惠及全体人民。另一方面，经济建设通过破解发展矛盾、赋能民生改善，为以人民为中心提供坚实的实践支撑。比如，经济总量的扩大创造更多就业机会，伴随我国经济总量的持续增长，“十四五”以来，每年城镇新增就业稳定在1200万人以上，在14亿多人口的发展中大国实现了比较充分的就业；区域协调发展、城乡融合发展缩小了地区差距，中西部地区经济增速快于东部，农村居民收入增速连续多年快于城镇居民，“东数西算”“西电东送”等工程推动资源优势转化为发展优势，保障人民平等享有发展机会；等等。以经济建设为中心，既以坚持以人民为中心为目标取向，又是实现人自身发展的实践路径。因此，以人民为中心是以经济建设为中心的价值本位，而以经济建设为中心是以人民为中心的路径要求。

Between the two there exists an organic unity of mutual interconnection, a “principle–line” relationship. In the process of modernization, whatever principles exist, corresponding lines will emerge. In Western modernization, the principles of capital domination, individualism, and power politics have brought about the characteristics of colonial expansion, hegemonic monopoly, and plunder. Chinese-path modernization, with its people-centered value orientation, takes economic construction as the center as the key to rejuvenating the country, creating a new path for late-developing countries to achieve modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Whether a modernization path can ultimately be viable and stable depends on whether it adheres to the people-centered approach.”[n] On the one hand, adhering to the people-centered approach requires that the dominant position of the people and their comprehensive development govern the logic of capital, while actively leveraging the productive forces attribute of capital as an important factor of production, activating capital vitality through market-oriented reforms, and assisting technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and employment expansion, exploring a path of modernization that utilizes capital to serve the people. For example, the “China Private Enterprise Social Responsibility Report (2025)” released by the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce shows that as of the end of 2024, a total of 235,100 private enterprises across the country had participated in the “Ten Thousand Enterprises Revitalizing Ten Thousand Villages” action,[n] with industrial investment reaching 1.23 trillion yuan, benefiting 161,900 villages, making private enterprises an important force in serving the rural revitalization strategy. On the other hand, adhering to taking economic construction as the center requires promoting the country’s modernization through endogenous development, abandoning the old path of Western colonial and plundering modernization, and unswervingly following the path of peaceful development. Chinese-path modernization takes the domestic super-large-scale market as its strategic fulcrum, driving high-quality economic development through internal industrial upgrading and consumption expansion, while simultaneously promoting infrastructure connectivity and production capacity cooperation through equal and mutually beneficial international trade and high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, assisting relevant countries and regions in achieving industrial upgrading and economic revitalization. Thus it can be seen that the people-centered approach and taking economic construction as the center are the inevitable requirements for the unity of value and law in Chinese-path modernization, and also an important magic weapon for China’s successful emergence on a new path of modernization, providing a practical paradigm for late-developing countries to achieve modernization.

两者之间具有“原则—路线”相贯通的有机统一联系。在现代化进程中，有什么样的原则，就会有相应的路线。西方现代化中资本主导、个人主义、强权逻辑的原则带来殖民扩张、霸权垄断与掠夺的特征。中国式现代化以人民为中心的价值取向，将以经济建设为中心作为兴国之要，创造了后发国家实现现代化的崭新路径。习近平总书记强调：“现代化道路最终能否走得通、行得稳，关键要看是否坚持以人民为中心。”一方面，坚持以人民为中心，要求用人民主体地位和人民的全面发展统摄资本逻辑，同时积极发挥资本作为重要生产要素的生产力属性，通过市场化改革激活资本活力，助力技术创新、产业升级与就业扩容，探索出一条利用资本服务于人民的现代化之路。比如，全国工商联发布的《中国民营企业社会责任报告（2025）》显示，截至2024年底，全国共有23.51万家民营企业参与“万企兴万村”行动，产业投资额达1.23万亿元，惠及16.19万个乡村，民营企业成为服务乡村振兴战略的重要力量。另一方面，坚持以经济建设为中心，要求以内生性发展推进本国现代化，摒弃西方殖民掠夺式的现代化老路，坚定不移走和平发展道路。中国式现代化以国内超大规模市场为战略支点，通过内部产业升级与消费扩容驱动经济高质量发展，同时通过平等互惠的国际贸易与高质量共建“一带一路”合作，推动基础设施互联互通与产能合作，助力有关国家和地区实现产业升级和经济振兴。由此可见，以人民为中心与以经济建设为中心是中国式现代化价值与规律相统一的必然要求，也是中国成功走出现代化新道路的重要法宝，为后发国家实现现代化提供了可借鉴的实践范式。

Based on the critical period of Chinese-path modernization, realize the organic unity of the people-centered approach and taking economic construction as the center

立足中国式现代化的关键时期，实现好以人民为中心与以经济建设为中心的有机统一

The “15th Five-Year Plan” period is a critical period for consolidating the foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically achieve socialist modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Adhere to taking economic construction as the center, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, achieve effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity, and promote sustained and healthy economic development and comprehensive social progress.”[n] This fully reflects the firm determination of our country, under the world conditions of intensifying global turmoil, severe challenges to the international economic and trade order, and more complex and intense great-power competition, to concentrate on strengthening the domestic economy; it further clarifies the economic development orientation of achieving the unity of effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity, making the “cake” bigger and better; it is a strategic consideration for coordinating the domestic and international situations and ensuring decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization. In the critical period of advancing socialist modernization, the people-centered approach and taking economic construction as the center are endowed with more contemporary and innovative connotations, making their organic unity closer and more practically significant, as specifically manifested in the following aspects.

“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期。习近平总书记指出：“坚持以经济建设为中心，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，推动经济持续健康发展和社会全面进步。”这充分体现了我国在世界动荡加剧、国际经济贸易秩序遭遇严峻挑战、大国博弈更加复杂激烈的世情下，集中精力做强国内经济的坚定决心；进一步明确了实现质的有效提升与量的合理增长相统一，把“蛋糕”做大做好的经济发展导向；是统筹国内国际两个大局，确保基本实现社会主义现代化取得决定性进展的战略考量。在推进社会主义现代化的关键时期，以人民为中心与以经济建设为中心被赋予更具时代性、创新性的内涵，使两者的有机统一更加紧密、更富现实意义，具体表现为以下几个方面。

The organic unity of upholding the supremacy of the people and upholding high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “We must adhere to the people-centered development thinking, taking the enhancement of the people’s well-being, the promotion of the people’s all-round development, and steady progress toward common prosperity as the starting point and ultimate goal of economic development. This we must never forget at any time; when deploying economic work, formulating economic policies, and promoting economic development, we must firmly hold to this fundamental stance.” Upholding the supremacy of the people and upholding high-quality development are principles that must be followed in the economic and social development of the 15th Five-Year Plan period [17]17 The 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) is the next five-year plan for China's national economic and social development.. Among them, upholding the supremacy of the people is the foundation, and promoting high-quality development is the theme. The people-centered development thinking must be carried through the entire process, all fields, and every link of development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. At the same time, the 15th Five-Year Plan period will continue to take promoting high-quality development as its theme, and take developing new quality productive forces as an important lever, striving to achieve substantive breakthroughs in technological innovation, the cultivation of new growth drivers, and the optimization of the economic structure.

坚持人民至上与坚持高质量发展的有机统一。习近平总书记指出：“坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，把增进人民福祉、促进人的全面发展、朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进作为经济发展的出发点和落脚点。这一点，我们任何时候都不能忘记，部署经济工作、制定经济政策、推动经济发展都要牢牢坚持这个根本立场。”坚持人民至上与坚持高质量发展是“十五五”时期经济社会发展必须遵循的原则。其中，坚持人民至上是底色，推动高质量发展是主题。必须把以人民为中心的发展思想贯穿“十五五”时期发展全过程、各领域、各环节。同时，“十五五”时期继续将推动高质量发展作为主题，并以发展新质生产力为重要抓手，力求在科技创新、新动能培育、经济结构优化上，取得实质性突破。

The organic unity of improving people’s livelihoods and developing the economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Economic development and

改善民生与发展经济的有机统一。习近平总书记强调：“经济发展和社会发展相辅相成，必须协调并进。要把改善民生作为促进社会发展的重点，在发展经济的同时稳步提高人民生活品质。”经济发展是改善民生的前提，而持续改善民生又能拉动内需，催生新的经济增长点，为发展拓展空间。“十五五”时期经济社会发展就是要聚力实体经济与新质生产力，稳就业、增收入，夯实民生物质基础；同时扩大优质民生供给，提振消费、优化公共服务，释放有效需求牵引供给升级，实现发展与民生互促共进。

The organic unity of sustained and healthy economic development and comprehensive social progress. During the period of the 15th Five-Year Plan, it is necessary both to develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions, strengthen the real economy, enhance the endogenous driving force and reliability of the domestic economic cycle, and promote sustained and healthy economic development; and to stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation, raise the level of cultural-ethical progress, accelerate the comprehensive green transformation, and take solid steps toward the well-rounded development of the people and common prosperity for all. This series of deployments points toward high-quality development that constructs a coordinated and synergistic advance of economic growth and social progress, where material abundance and cultural-ethical enrichment complement each other, injecting lasting momentum into Chinese-path modernization and steadily advancing the great cause of national rejuvenation.

经济持续健康发展与社会全面进步的有机统一。“十五五”时期，既要因地制宜发展新质生产力，壮大实体经济，增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性，推动经济持续健康发展；又要激发全民族文化创新创造活力，提升社会文明程度，加快全面绿色转型，推动人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕迈出坚实步伐。这一系列部署指向构建经济发展与社会进步协同并进、物质富足与精神富有相得益彰的高质量发展，为中国式现代化注入持久动力，推动民族复兴伟业稳步推进。

During this critical period of the 15th Five-Year Plan, achieving the organic unity of a people-centered approach and taking economic construction as the central task requires attention to the following aspects.

在“十五五”这一关键时期，实现以人民为中心与以经济建设为中心有机统一要做到以下几个方面。

Inject new impetus into economic and social development through further deepening reform comprehensively. Centering on the two key orientations of economic development and the people's needs, adhere to taking institutional development as the main thread to further deepen reform comprehensively. Focus on building a high-level socialist market economy; by accelerating the improvement of the systems and mechanisms for market-based allocation of factors and unifying the basic market institutions and rules, remove the institutional and mechanistic obstacles that hinder high-quality development. Strengthen the evaluation of policy implementation effects, improve the expectation management mechanism, optimize the comprehensive performance assessment of high-quality development, stabilize market confidence, and consolidate development consensus. At the same time, persist in planning and advancing reform from the perspective of the people's interests, establishing and improving relevant systems, and optimizing and innovating systems and mechanisms. Show greater respect for the principal position of the people, take the people's high-quality life and well-rounded development as the fundamental value yardstick, and take all the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security as the criteria for institutional evaluation, so that institutional development truly takes root in the people's needs, focuses on the people's urgent concerns and pressing difficulties, and becomes a solid guarantee that responds to the people's expectations for a better life, resolves pain points in the people's livelihood, and ensures the people's well-being.

以进一步全面深化改革为经济社会发展注入新动力。围绕经济发展和人民需求两大关键导向，坚持以制度建设为主线进一步全面深化改革。聚焦构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，通过加快完善要素市场化配置体制机制，统一市场基础制度规则等，破除制约高质量发展的体制机制障碍。强化政策实施效果评价，健全预期管理机制，优化高质量发展综合绩效考核，稳定市场信心、凝聚发展共识。同时，坚持从人民利益出发谋划和推进改革、建立健全相关制度、优化和创新体制机制。更加尊重人民主体地位，以人民的高品质生活和全面发展为根本价值尺度，以全体人民的获得感、幸福感和安全感为制度评估标准，让制度建设真正扎根人民需求、聚焦群众急难愁盼，成为回应民生期待、破解民生痛点、保障民生福祉的坚实保障。

Build a new bridge between the economy and the people's livelihood through high-level scientific and technological innovation. To promote high-quality development, it is necessary to accelerate the achievement of self-reliance and self-strengthening in high-level science and technology. Both economic quality improvement and livelihood improvement are inseparable from the power of science and technology. Scientific and technological innovation is the key link connecting economic growth and livelihood improvement. By breaking through core technologies and giving rise to emerging industries, scientific and technological innovation drives the transformation of the economy from scale expansion to quality and efficiency improvement, thereby promoting industrial upgrading and enhancing the quality and efficiency of economic development. At the same time, through the application of technology, scientific and technological innovation makes livelihood services more convenient, more inclusive, and of higher quality. For example, telemedicine and AI-assisted diagnostic technologies break down geographical barriers, allowing people in remote areas to share high-quality medical resources; smart education platforms and personalized learning systems promote the balanced allocation of educational resources; and so on. The improvement in people's livelihood brought about by scientific and technological innovation can stimulate residents' consumption potential, injecting endogenous impetus into economic development; the upgrading of demands in the livelihood field can also drive the iteration of scientific and technological innovation, forming a virtuous cycle in which the economy empowers the people's livelihood and the people's livelihood, in turn, feeds back into the economy.

以高水平科技创新搭建经济与民生新桥梁。推动高质量发展，必须加快高水平科技自立自强。经济提质与民生改善都离不开科技的力量。科技创新是连接经济增长与民生改善的关键纽带。科技创新通过突破核心技术、催生新兴产业，推动经济从规模扩张向质量效益提升转型，进而带动产业升级、提升经济发展质效。同时，科技创新通过技术落地让民生服务更便捷、更普惠、更优质。比如，远程医疗、AI辅助诊断技术打破地域限制，让偏远地区群众共享优质医疗资源；智慧教育平台、个性化学习系统推动教育资源均衡配置；等等。科技创新带来的民生改善能够激发居民消费潜力，为经济发展注入内生动力；民生领域的需求升级也能推动科技创新迭代，形成经济赋能民生、民生反哺经济的良性循环。

Use a high-quality life to set the new direction for high-quality development. In the New Era, the core of a high-quality life is a comprehensive upgrade from "whether there is any" to "whether it is good," with the aim of ensuring that high-quality development always adjusts its direction, allocates resources, and optimizes its path around the people's needs for a high-quality life. This can be advanced from four dimensions. First, guide the direction of industrial development with the people's livelihood needs, such as promoting the development of biomedicine, smart healthcare, and other industries around health needs; and responding to the need for livability by promoting the development of green buildings, smart homes, and other industries. Second, calibrate the direction of resource allocation with the equalization of public services, such as focusing on agricultural and rural modernization, and gradually improving the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of the living environment. Third, guide the direction of distribution reform with the goal of common prosperity, such as broadening channels for residents' property income and expanding the size of the middle-income group. Fourth, clarify the direction of the development model with the green and low-carbon transformation, such as strictly controlling high-energy-consumption and high-emission projects, promoting the realization of the value of ecological products, and enabling the people to enjoy a high-quality life amidst lucid waters and lush mountains.

以高品质生活标定高质量发展新方向。新时代的高品质生活，核心是从“有没有”向“好不好”全面升级，目的是让高质量发展始终围绕人民的高品质生活需求调整方向、配置资源、优化路径。具体可从4个维度推进。一是以民生需求指引产业发展方向，如围绕健康需求，推动生物医药、智慧医疗等产业发展；对接宜居需求，推动绿色建筑、智能家居等产业发展。二是以公共服务均等化校准资源配置方向，如聚焦农业农村现代化，逐步提高农村基础设施完备度、公共服务便利度、人居环境舒适度。三是以共同富裕目标引领分配改革方向，如拓宽居民财产性收入渠道，扩大中等收入群体规模。四是以绿色低碳转型明确发展模式方向，如严控高耗能、高排放项目，推进生态产品价值实现，让人民群众在绿水青山中享受高品质生活。

Achieve new breakthroughs in high-quality development through high-efficiency governance. In May 2025, during an inspection tour in Henan Province, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Strive to write a new chapter of Chinese-path modernization on the Central Plains with high-quality development and high-efficiency governance." High-efficiency governance mainly involves systematically optimizing the governance system and comprehensively enhancing governance capacity, so as to achieve the maximum governance effect of simultaneously realizing high-quality economic development and the maximization of the improvement of people's livelihood and well-being with more intensive input of governance resources. This requires, during the period of the 15th Five-Year Plan, strengthening innovation-driven governance, improving the basic research investment mechanism that combines competitive support with stable support, building a pattern of integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and consolidating the foundation for the development of new quality productive forces. Strengthen factor allocation governance, by promoting the efficient allocation of various factors and resources, enabling market entities to participate more efficiently in economic activities, and accumulating a material foundation for fair distribution. Strengthen collaborative and coordinated governance, by improving the mechanism for deliberation and consultation, optimizing the mechanism for resource integration, and perfecting the mechanism for joint response and handling, promote efficient coordination between the government and enterprises, and between the government and social organizations, stimulate the principal awareness and participation vitality of the people, guide all parties to participate in social governance in an orderly manner, and consolidate the mass foundation of social governance.

以高效能治理实现高质量发展新突破。2025年5月，习近平总书记在河南考察时指出：“以高质量发展和高效能治理奋力谱写中原大地推进中国式现代化新篇章。”高效能治理主要是通过系统优化治理体系、全面提升治理能力，以更集约的治理资源投入，同步实现经济高质量发展与民生福祉改善的最大化治理成效。这要求在“十五五”时期加强创新驱动治理，完善竞争性支持和稳定支持相结合的基础研究投入机制，构建教育科技人才一体发展格局，筑牢新质生产力发展根基。加强要素配置治理，通过促进各类要素资源高效配置，让经营主体更高效地参与经济活动，为公平分配积累物质基础。加强协同联动治理，通过完善议事协商机制、优化资源整合机制、健全联动处置机制，推动政府与企业、政府与社会组织间的高效联动，激发人民群众的主体意识与参与活力，引导各方有序参与社会治理，夯实社会治理群众基础。