The Generative Logic, Core Essence, and Practical Path of the People-Centered Character of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought

The people-centered character is a clear main line and value thread running through Xi Jinping’s cultural thought from beginning to end. Since the 18th National

人民性是贯穿于习近平文化思想始终的一条鲜明主线和价值红线。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持以人民为中心的根本立场，围绕新时代文化建设提出一系列新理念新思想新论断，形成了习近平文化思想，构成了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》将“聚焦建设社会主义文化强国”列入进一步全面深化改革的“七个聚焦”之一，并提出“丰富人民精神文化生活”等具体要求，对新时代文化建设如何坚持人民立场提供了科学指引。

I. The Generative Logic of the People-Centered Character of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought

一、习近平文化思想人民性特质的生成逻辑

Xi Jinping’s cultural thought takes the people-centered stance of Marxist cultural theory as its philosophical foundation, takes the people-oriented thought in fine traditional Chinese culture as its cultural root, takes the people-centered sentiment of the CPC in leading cultural construction over the past century and more as its historical inheritance, and takes the people-centered sentiment nurtured in Xi Jinping’s work from the local level to the Party Central Committee as its practical thread. It has been continuously inherited, explored, and summarized in the context of the New Era.

习近平文化思想以马克思主义文化理论的人民立场为哲学基础，以中华优秀传统文化中的民本思想为文化根脉，以中国共产党百余年来领导文化建设的人民情怀为历史承继，以习近平同志从地方到党中央工作中孕育的人民情怀为实践经脉，在新时代的背景下接续传承探索总结而成。

Philosophical Foundation: Upholding the People-Centered Stance of Marxist Cultural Theory

哲学基础：秉承马克思主义文化理论的人民立场

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “The people-centered character is the most distinctive quality of Marxism.” Marxism is a theory formed, enriched, and developed in the practice of exploring humanity’s pursuit of freedom and liberation from the people’s standpoint. As Marx and Engels pointed out in the *Communist Manifesto*: “The proletarian movement is the independent movement of the immense majority, in the interest of the immense majority.” Although Marx and Engels did not explicitly define the specific concept of “culture” in their theoretical system, they systematically expounded on concepts such as “thought,” “idea,” “spiritual production,” and “ideology,” gradually forming a Marxist cultural theory based on the people’s standpoint. First, the people are the subject of cultural creation. On the basis of correctly understanding and scientifically studying the laws of the development of human social history, Marx and Engels took “real individuals” as their logical starting point and put forward the idea that “people are the producers of their own conceptions, ideas, etc.,” transcending the idealist notion that “philosophy exists outside the masses.” In the *Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844*, through an analysis of the problem of objectification, Marx expressed an understanding of the humanized essence of culture and the mode of human existence, scientifically defined human subjectivity, and revealed that conceptions, ideas, etc., are products of consciousness and spirit created by the people in the practice of social life. Marxist cultural theory has always been grounded in “practice” and “real individuals,” holding that culture originates from the people’s social life practice, is the “objectified” result of the people’s subjectivity, and ultimately serves the people’s development, scientifically revealing the people-centered attribute of culture. Second, the people are the subject of cultural judgment. In capitalist society, culture is alienated by being endowed with the attribute of a commodity, degenerating into a tool for the bourgeoisie to control workers’ thoughts and enslave their consciousness. The people are treated as “appendages of political publications,” the power of cultural judgment is monopolized, and they lose the ability to judge independently. In response, Marx pointed out: “The people have always been the sole judges of which authors are ‘qualified’ and which are not.” This negates the elite’s monopoly on the power of cultural judgment, clearly defines the people as the subject of cultural judgment, and returns culture to its essence of “serving the people.” It is the fundamental answer of Marxist cultural theory to the questions “Whom does culture serve?” and “Who defines cultural value?” Finally, cultural development ultimately points toward the realization of the free and comprehensive development of the individual. The old division of labor suppressed the essential forces of the individual, leading to the “one-sided person.” Marx emphasized that the essence of “the comprehensive development of the individual” is to break this suppression, promote the coordinated development of material abundance and spiritual enrichment, use cultural development to nurture the individual’s cognitive, aesthetic, and other spiritual capacities, and dissolve spiritual alienation. Engels pointed out that “every advance in culture is a step toward freedom,” specifically elucidating the dialectical relationship of mutual promotion and common development between culture and freedom. Therefore, from the Marxist perspective, cultural development is a key path to realizing the development of the individual’s essential forces and ultimately enabling the individual to attain spiritual freedom, and satisfying the people’s need for spiritual freedom is precisely the fundamental value orientation of cultural development.

习近平总书记强调：“人民性是马克思主义最鲜明的品格。”马克思主义是站在人民立场探索人追求自由和解放的实践中形成、丰富和发展的理论。正如马克思恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中指出的：“无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的，为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动。”马克思恩格斯在其理论体系中虽未明确界定“文化”的具体定义，但他们对“思想”“观念”“精神生产”“意识形态”等概念都作出过系统阐释，逐渐形成了基于人民立场的马克思主义文化理论。首先，人民群众是文化的创造主体。马克思恩格斯在正确认识和科学研究人类社会历史发展规律基础之上，以“现实的人”为逻辑起点，提出“人们是自己的观念、思想等等的生产者”的理念，超越了唯心主义中“哲学在群众之外”的理念。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中，马克思通过对对象化问题的分析，表达了对文化的人化本质和人的存在形态的理解，科学地规定了人的主体性，揭示了观念、思想等是人民群众在社会生活实践中创造出来的意识、精神的产物。马克思主义文化理论始终立足“实践”与“现实的人”,认为文化源于人民的社会生活实践，是人民主体性的“对象化”成果，最终又服务于人民的发展，科学揭示了文化的人民属性。其次，人民群众是文化的评判主体。在资本主义社会，文化因被赋予商品属性而异化，沦为资本家控制工人思想、奴化其意识的工具，人民被当作“政治出版物的附属品”,文化评判权被垄断，失去自主判断能力。对此，马克思指出：“人民历来就是什么样的作者‘够资格’和什么样的作者‘不够资格’的唯一判断者。”这否定了精英对文化评判权的垄断，明确人民群众是文化的评判主体，使文化回归“为人民服务”的本质，是马克思主义文化理论对“文化为谁服务、谁来定义文化价值”问题的根本回答。最后，文化发展最终指向实现人自由而全面的发展。旧式分工压抑了人的本质力量导致了“片面的人”,马克思强调“人的全面发展”实质是打破这种压抑，推动物质富足、精神富有相协调发展，以文化发展反哺人的认知、审美等精神能力，消解精神异化。恩格斯指出，“文化上的每一个进步，都是迈向自由的一步”,具体阐明了文化与自由相互促进、共同发展的辩证关系。因此，在马克思主义看来，文化发展是实现人的本质力量发展、最终让人获得精神自由的关键路径，而满足人民对精神自由的需要，正是文化发展的根本价值指向。

Marxism is a theoretical system that is constantly enriched and developed. Xi Jinping’s cultural thought adheres to a scientific and dialectical attitude in approaching Marxist cultural theory. In promoting the Two Integrations [1]1 The Two Integrations (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of fine traditional Chinese culture., it provides a contemporary interpretation of the people-centered stance of Marxist cultural theory in accordance with historical materialism and the laws of cultural development, thereby laying the philosophical foundation for the generation of its people-centered character.

马克思主义是一个不断丰富与发展的理论体系。习近平文化思想坚持用科学辩证的态度对待马克思主义文化理论，在推动“两个结合”中对马克思主义文化理论的人民立场作出了符合唯物史观与文化发展规律的时代阐释，奠定了其人民性特质生成的哲学基础。

Cultural Root: Drawing on the People-Oriented Thought in Fine Traditional Chinese Culture

文化根脉：汲取中华优秀传统文化中的民本思想

Traditional Chinese people-oriented thought has a long history and rich content. First, it deepens the pursuit of “transforming people through culture” within “rule by virtue.” As early as the pre-Qin period, rulers had a profound understanding of governing the country with virtue, putting forward many people-oriented ideas and governance proposals to handle the relationship between the ruler and the people, pursuing the unity of winning the people’s trust and educating them. Yao vigorously promoted rule by virtue, advocated moral education, and put forward the idea of governing the country and educating the people with morality, benevolence, and justice. During the Western Zhou period, the humanistic educational thought of “revering Heaven, illuminating virtue, and protecting the people” was proposed, and the Duke of Zhou established the “rule by virtue” program of diligent governance and love for the people. Confucius summarized and promoted the Zhou people’s thought of “revering virtue and protecting the people,” extending virtuous governance to benevolence, advocating the education of rites and music and the transformation of people through culture, guiding the common people toward goodness. People-orientation is the prerequisite for rule by virtue. In ancient China, the ruling class achieved the unity of winning the people’s trust and educating them through moral and ritual-musical education of the common people, transforming people through culture, stabilizing the state, and securing the realm. Second, it adheres to the development concept of “collective standard” in cultural construction. The thought of collective standard is an important component of fine traditional Chinese culture, requiring that the interests of the group be placed above individual interests, and that the individual’s fate be closely linked to the fate of the country, forming an organizational system of the co-construction of family and state. Under this system, the development of culture naturally takes the interests of the people as its starting point, enhances the people’s cultural well-being, and serves the country’s prosperity and stability. Finally, it employs diverse themes of “the myriad forms of human life” in literary and artistic creation. The choice of themes depicting the myriad forms of human life in traditional Chinese literary and artistic creation is not an accidental artistic preference but is rooted in profound people-oriented thought, resulting from literati’s respect for and focus on the people’s life practice. This makes literary and artistic works a concrete carrier that responds to the people’s aspirations and the trends of the times.

中国传统民本思想源远流长、内容丰富。首先，在“德治”中深化“以文化人”的弘道追求。早在先秦时期，统治者就对以德治国有着深刻认识，提出了许多民本思想和施政主张以处理好君民关系，追求取信于民和教化民众的统一。尧大力推行德治，提倡道德教化，提出了以道德、仁爱、正义来治理国家和教化人民的德治思想。西周时期提出“敬天、明德、保民”的人文教化思想，周公确立了勤政爱民的“德治”纲领。孔子总结并推广了周人的“敬德保民”思想，把德政引申为仁爱，主张礼乐教化、人文化成，引导百姓向上向善。民本是德治的前提，古代中国的统治阶级通过对百姓进行道德、礼乐教化，实现取信于民与教化民众的统一，以文化人、安社稷而定天下。其次，在文化建设中坚持“集体本位”的发展理念。集体本位思想是中华优秀传统文化中的重要组成部分，要求把群体的利益放在个人利益之上，将个人的命运与国家的命运紧密相连，形成家国共构的组织体系。这种体系下，文化的发展自然要以民众的利益为出发点，增进民众的文化福祉，服务于国家的繁荣和稳定。最后，在文艺创作中运用“人间百态”的多元题材。中国传统文艺创作中人间百态的题材选择，并非偶然的艺术偏好，而是植根于深厚的民本思想，是文人墨客对人民生活实践的尊重与聚焦的结果，这使文艺作品成为顺应人民心声和时代潮流的具象化载体。

The people have always been the subject of cultural creation and development. Xi Jinping’s cultural thought insists on using Marxism to activate excellent factors in fine traditional Chinese culture, such as transforming people through culture, collective standard, and the myriad forms of human life. It integrates materialist dialectics into the governance concept of “revering virtue and protecting the people,” the political way of “the people being the foundation of the state,” and the creative pursuit of “humanistic sentiment.” It examines the unique people-centered value pursuit of the Chinese nation from the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint, and method, and scientifically answers the questions of for whom and relying on whom cultural construction in the New Era is carried out.

人民自古以来就是文化创作和发展的主体。习近平文化思想坚持用马克思主义来激活中华优秀传统文化中的以文化人、集体本位、人间百态等优秀因子，将唯物辩证法融入“敬德保民”的治国理念、“民惟邦本”的为政之道、“人文情怀”的创作追求等，以马克思主义立场观点方法审视中华民族独特的人民性价值追求，以科学的态度回答了新时代文化建设为了谁、依靠谁等问题。

Historical Inheritance: Inheriting the People-Centered Sentiment of the CPC in Leading Cultural Construction over the Past Century and More

历史承继：继承中国共产党百余年来领导文化建设的人民情怀

The people’s standpoint is the fundamental political standpoint of the Communist Party of China. In over a century of practice in leading cultural construction, the Party has consistently adhered to the guidance of Marxism, employed the Marxist scientific worldview and methodology, deeply excavated the moral norms, humanistic spirit, and ideological concepts contained in the people-oriented thought of fine traditional Chinese culture, placed the people in the position of the historical subject of cultural work, and embodied a profound people’s sentiment, laying the foundation for the formation of the people-centered character of Xi Jinping’s cultural thought. Mao Zedong profoundly recognized the historical subjectivity of the masses, emphasizing that “the people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history,” pointing out that “the so-called new-democratic culture is the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal culture of the broad masses,” and that “our literature and art are all for the masses,” transforming the people from a passively received object into an active force driving social progress, thereby establishing the political direction and people’s standpoint of the Party’s leadership in cultural construction. Deng Xiaoping regarded the mass line and mass viewpoint as “our heirloom,” and in practice deeply elaborated on the relationship between socialist culture and the people, establishing the “two-for” direction of literature and art serving the people and serving socialism, making the effort to build a high degree of socialist cultural-ethical progress a key strategic policy for China’s socialist modernization, and clarifying that the fundamental task of socialist cultural-ethical progress is to cultivate “four-have” citizens, better enabling culture to lead trends, educate the people, and serve society. Entering the 21st century, Jiang Zemin developed a deeper understanding of the relationship between socialist cultural construction and the people, pointing out the need to “build a national, scientific, and mass socialist culture,” scientifically elaborating that the people-centered character is the essential attribute of advanced socialist culture. Hu Jintao implemented the core development concept of “people-oriented” in cultural construction, clearly stating that “we must adhere to a people-centered creative orientation, improve the quality of cultural products, and provide the people with better and more spiritual nourishment,” and, in light of the realities of China’s cultural construction in the new century and new stage, promoted the coordinated development of the cultural industry and cultural undertakings, vigorously supported the development of public-interest cultural undertakings, and consolidated the institutional guarantee for cultural construction “serving the people.” Since the New Era, Xi Jinping’s cultural thought has closely integrated the “two-for” direction and the “double-hundred” policy, expanding the people-centered character of culture to a world perspective, that is, “learning from the people of the world,” and emphasizing “earnestly learning from and drawing on the excellent literature and art created by the people of all countries.”

人民立场是中国共产党的根本政治立场。党领导文化建设百余年实践始终坚持以马克思主义为指导，运用马克思主义的科学世界观和方法论，深入挖掘中华优秀传统文化中民本思想蕴含的道德规范、人文精神、思想观念，把人民置于文化工作的历史主体地位，蕴含着深厚的人民情怀，为习近平文化思想人民性特质的形成奠定了基础。毛泽东深刻认识到人民群众的历史主体性，强调“人民，只有人民，才是创造世界历史的动力”,指出“所谓新民主主义的文化，就是人民大众反帝反封建的文化”,“我们的文学艺术都是为人民大众的”,将人民从被动接受的客体转化为推动社会进步的主动力量，奠定了党领导文化建设工作的政治方向与人民立场。邓小平视群众路线和群众观点为“我们的传家宝”,并在实践中深入阐述社会主义文化和人民群众的关系，确立了文艺为人民服务、为社会主义服务的“二为”方向，把努力建设高度的社会主义精神文明确定为我国社会主义现代化建设的重要战略方针，明确了社会主义精神文明建设的根本任务就是培育“四有”公民，更好地发挥文化引领风尚、教育人民、服务社会的作用。进入21世纪，江泽民对社会主义文化建设与人民之间的关系问题有了更为深刻的认识，指出要“建设民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化”,科学阐述了人民性是社会主义先进文化的本质属性。胡锦涛将“以人为本”这一核心发展理念贯彻落实到文化建设中，明确指出“要坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，提高文化产品质量，为人民提供更好更多精神食粮”,并结合新世纪新阶段中国文化建设实际，推动文化产业与文化事业协同发展，大力支持公益性文化事业发展，巩固了文化建设“为人民服务”的体制保障。新时代以来，习近平文化思想紧密结合“二为”方向和“双百”方针，将文化的人民性拓展到世界视域，即“向世界人民学习”,并强调“认真学习借鉴世界各国人民创造的优秀文艺”。

Adhering to a people-centered approach is the fundamental stance of the Communist Party of China in over a century of leading cultural construction. Xi Jinping’s cultural thought emphasizes continuously drawing theoretical wisdom from the masses, deeply revealing the laws of cultural development, systematically summarizing the experience of cultural development, and constantly innovating theories of cultural development, marking that the Communist Party of China has reached a new height in its understanding of the laws governing the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.

坚持以人民为中心是中国共产党百余年来领导文化建设的根本立场。习近平文化思想强调要持续从人民群众中汲取理论智慧，深入揭示文化发展规律，系统总结文化发展经验，不断创新文化发展理论，标志着中国共产党对中国特色社会主义文化建设规律的认识达到了新高度。

Practical Lineage: The People’s Sentiment Nurtured from Local Work to the Work of the Party Central Committee

实践经脉：从地方到党中央工作中孕育的人民情怀

Comrade Xi Jinping has always maintained the political essence of a public servant of the people, adhered to a people-centered approach in promoting cultural construction, engaged in profound thinking on the cultural development of various regions, and put forward a series of forward-looking, scientific, and guiding ideological viewpoints and methods, nurturing a deep people’s sentiment. During his work in Zhengding, Comrade Xi Jinping focused on promoting the renovation of combined pigpens and latrines, the restoration of Longxing Temple, a county-wide survey of cultural relics and ancient trees, and the formulation of the “Nine Articles on Talent,” emphasizing that “our work in building cultural-ethical progress is truly a good deed for the benefit of the people,” profoundly revealing the significant meaning of socialist cultural-ethical progress. During his work in Fujian, Comrade Xi Jinping actively promoted cultural construction, conducting a series of explorations and practices in promoting cultural poverty alleviation, carrying forward revolutionary culture, and protecting historical and cultural heritage; he emphasized cultural poverty alleviation, pointing out that “we must build a cultural-ethical progress with Eastern Fujian characteristics… integrating ideological and moral education and scientific and cultural construction throughout the entire process of poverty alleviation and prosperity,” and advocated for the protection of historical and cultural heritage such as the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou, Gulangyu Island in Xiamen, and the Wanshouyan site in Sanming. During his work in Zhejiang, Comrade Xi Jinping focused on leveraging Zhejiang’s human

习近平同志始终保持人民公仆的政治本色，坚持以人民为中心推动文化建设，对各地区的文化发展进行了深邃思考，提出了一系列具有前瞻性、科学性、引领性的思想观点和方法，孕育出深厚的人民情怀。在正定工作期间，习近平同志重点推进了改造连茅圈、修复隆兴寺、进行全县文物和古树普查、编制“人才九条”等工作，并强调“我们搞精神文明建设，实实在在是造福人民的好事”,深刻揭示了社会主义精神文明建设的重要意义。在福建工作期间，习近平同志积极推动文化建设，就推动文化扶贫、弘扬革命文化与保护历史文化遗产进行了一系列探索和实践；重视文化扶贫工作，指出“我们要建设具有闽东特色的精神文明……把思想道德教育和科学文化建设贯穿于脱贫致富的整个过程”,倡导推动福州三坊七巷、厦门鼓浪屿、三明万寿岩遗址等历史文化遗产保护。在浙江工作期间，习近平同志注重发挥浙江的人文优势，亲自部署推动“八八战略”重大决策，科学谋划、系统部署了浙江加快建设“文化大省”宏伟蓝图。习近平同志一以贯之地高度重视保护利用文化遗产与弘扬优秀传统文化，在浙江提出并阐释红船精神与浙江精神、推动良渚遗址保护与申遗工作以及指导开展文化研究工程等，启动“千村示范、万村整治”工程，加强乡村文化建设，以文化振兴带动乡村振兴，更好地“满足人民群众多样化的精神文化生活需求”。在上海工作期间，习近平同志高度重视“三农”工作，深入郊区农村调研，发现存在“部分村级文体设施比较简陋，农村精神文化生活还不很丰富”等现象，要求坚持以人民为中心，加大公共财政向“三农”的倾斜力度，加大对农村基础设施建设和社会事业的投入力度，有效推动了上海城乡公共文化事业的发展。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记将文化建设摆在全局工作的突出位置，将人民利益摆在社会主义文化发展全局的首要位置，指出党性和人民性从来都是一致的、统一的，提出“丰富人民精神世界，增强人民精神力量，满足人民精神需求”等重要论述，建构了以人民利益为根本价值取向的社会主义文化发展逻辑。

Xi

习近平文化思想是在人民求解放的实践中形成、丰富和发展的，植根于治国理政实践积累的民生智慧，既蕴含马克思主义文化理论的思想精髓，又蕴含中华优秀传统文化中民本思想的精华，是坚持党的性质宗旨、坚守党的初心使命的生动体现，彰显出“功成不必在我，功成必定有我”的施政境界，坚持从实际出发谋划社会主义文化事业和工作，不断满足人民群众日益增长的多层次精神文化需求。

II. The Core Essence of the People-Centered Character of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought

二、习近平文化思想人民性特质的核心要义

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “We must take a people-centered stance, grasp the people’s aspirations, respect the people’s creativity, and concentrate the people’s wisdom.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on the Centenary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China,” July 1, 2021. Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought, centering on a series of fundamental questions concerning cultural construction in the New Era—such as for whom to build culture, how to build it, and what kind of culture to build—summarizes and refines a people-centered path of cultural development and practical experience. It creatively enriches and develops a cultural theory that represents the interests of the people, manifesting a continuously evolving and open ideological system on both theoretical and practical levels, thereby highlighting the original contributions of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought.

习近平总书记强调：“我们要站稳人民立场、把握人民愿望、尊重人民创造、集中人民智慧。”习近平文化思想围绕新时代文化建设为谁建设、如何建设、建设什么样的文化等一系列根本性问题，总结提炼了以人民为中心的文化发展道路和实践经验，创造性地丰富和发展了代表人民利益的文化理论，从理论和实践两大层面展现出一个不断发展的、开放式的思想体系，彰显了习近平文化思想的原创性贡献。

Taking a People-Centered Stance: Effectively Safeguarding the People’s Cultural Rights and Interests

站稳人民立场：切实保障人民文化权益

Xi Jinping’s cultural thought emphasizes that work must always be carried out with a heart concerned for the people, loving the people, serving the people, and benefiting the people; it insists on seeking benefits for the vast majority of the people, continuously improving the public cultural service system, and striving to ensure that the fruits of cultural development benefit all the people more and more fairly. On the one hand, it optimizes the allocation of cultural resources between urban and rural areas. Facing the problems of unbalanced and uncoordinated urban-rural development and unequal rights between urban and rural residents, General Secretary Xi Jinping has consistently taken a firm stand

习近平文化思想强调要始终以忧民、爱民、为民、惠民之心开展工作，坚持为绝大多数人谋利益，不断完善公共文化服务体系，力求让文化发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。一方面，优化城乡文化资源配置。面对城乡发展不平衡不协调和城乡居民权益不平等问题，习近平总书记始终坚持站稳人民立场，科学总结了中国共产党始终贯彻群众路线的历史经验，高度重视城乡融合发展工作，指出“要推进城乡公共文化服务体系一体建设，优化城乡文化资源配置”,推动提高公共文化建设投入，建立覆盖城乡的公共文化服务设施网络，有力推动了社会主义文化建设始终贯彻群众路线的生动实践，为做好新时代城乡文化融合发展工作提供了根本遵循。另一方面，鼓励公众参与公共文化服务。习近平总书记强调：“着力提升公共文化服务水平，让人民享有更加充实、更为丰富、更高质量的精神文化生活。”文化权是公民基本权利之一，公众参与公共文化服务，彰显了中国式全过程人民民主广泛、真实、管用的优势，是习近平文化思想人民性特质的重要体现，能有效汇聚起蕴藏在人民群众中的智慧和力量，为繁荣发展文化事业和文化产业提供强劲动力。进入新时代，在习近平文化思想的指导下，文化改革发展坚持政府主导、社会参与、重心下移、共建共享，人民文化权益保障制度不断健全。《关于加快构建现代公共文化服务体系的意见》《中华人民共和国公共文化服务保障法》《“十四五”公共文化服务体系建设规划》等相继出台，为推动公共文化服务的高质量发展提供了制度支撑，有效推动了公民等各类主体参与公共文化服务。

Grasping the People’s Aspirations: Meeting the People’s New Expectations for Cultural-Ethical Life

把握人民愿望：满足人民精神文化生活新期待

Marx pointed out in *Capital*: “The worker must have time to satisfy spiritual needs.” [3]3 Karl Marx, *Capital*, Vol. 1, in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, Vol. 23 (Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1972), p. 260. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “The people’s demand for spiritual and cultural life exists at all times.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Literature and Art Work” (October 15, 2014), in *Xi Jinping: Selected Works*, Vol. 2 (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2017), p. 315. It can be seen that the people’s spiritual and cultural needs are innate and objective. Grasping the people’s cultural aspirations and meeting the people’s new expectations for cultural-ethical life are the fundamental value of cultural development in the New Era. Standing at a new historical starting point, General Secretary Xi Jinping has continuously endowed existing cultural missions with new contemporary connotations, putting forward important judgments such as “to meet the people’s new expectations for a better life, we must provide abundant spiritual nourishment,” [5]5 Xi Jinping, “Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” (October 18, 2017), in *Xi Jinping: Selected Works*, Vol. 3 (Beijing: Foreign and personally planning and implementing a series of major measures for comprehensively deepening reform to meet the people’s new expectations for cultural-ethical life and promote common prosperity in the people’s spiritual life. First, deepen the reform of the cultural system with a people-centered approach. With the change in the principal contradiction in Chinese society, the principal contradiction in cultural supply has shifted from “whether there is enough” and “whether it is sufficient” to “whether it is good” and “whether it is excellent,” placing higher demands on the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to a people-centered approach in advancing the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms, establishing mechanisms for high-quality cultural resources to reach the grassroots directly, exploring effective mechanisms for integrating culture and technology, and improving systems and mechanisms for the deep integration of culture and tourism. This has focused on both the quality of cultural resources and the optimization of supply methods, further perfecting the systems and mechanisms conducive to the continuous emergence of high-quality cultural products and services. Second, protect the common cultural heritage of all humanity. Historical and cultural heritage is not only an important carrier for preserving the development of human civilization but also the shared spiritual home of the Chinese nation, crucial for continuing the historical context and remembering nostalgia. General Secretary Xi Jinping, in a spirit of being responsible to history and to the people, has promoted work on cultural relics and cultural heritage, repeatedly emphasizing the need to safeguard the precious wealth left to us by our predecessors, pointing out that “cultural relics and cultural heritage carry the genes and bloodline of the Chinese nation,” [6]6 “Changes unseen in a century” (百年未有之大变局): A key judgment by Xi Jinping referring to the profound and rapid transformations in the international order, power structures, and global governance systems since the early 21st century. and personally investigated and inspected over 100 cultural relic sites, revolutionary sites, and cultural and museum venues, increasing the protection of cultural heritage across society and promoting the high-quality development of cultural heritage protection, constituting an important part of the people-centered characteristics of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. Finally, enhance the supply of high-quality culture. Based on the new trends in the people’s spiritual and cultural needs in the New Era, promote the cultural industry to advance to the stage of high-quality development, making the creation and production of excellent works the central link. New business forms such as online audiovisual, online performances, and digital art exhibitions have flourished, achieving the integration and interaction of elements of excellent traditional culture with information and data elements, stimulating widespread emotional resonance among the people, enhancing the people’s sense of cultural gain through high-quality cultural supply, and continuously providing the people with high-quality spiritual nourishment.

马克思在《资本论》中指出：“工人必须有时间满足精神需要。”习近平总书记强调：“人民对精神文化生活的需求时时刻刻都存在。”可见人的精神文化需求是与生俱来、客观存在的。把握人民文化愿望，满足人民精神文化生活新期待是新时代文化发展的根本价值所在。站在新的历史起点上，习近平总书记不断赋予既有的文化使命以新的时代内涵，提出“满足人民过上美好生活的新期待，必须提供丰富的精神食粮”等重要论断，并亲自谋划和实施一系列全面深化改革重大举措以满足人民精神文化生活新期待，促进人民精神生活共同富裕。首先，以人民为中心深化文化体制改革。随着中国社会主要矛盾的变化，文化供给的主要矛盾已经从“有没有”“够不够”转向“好不好”“优不优”,对文化体制机制改革提出更高要求。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持以人民为中心推进文化体制机制改革，建立优质文化资源直达基层机制、探索文化和科技融合的有效机制、健全文旅深度融合发展体制机制等，既注重文化资源质量又优化供给方式，进一步完善了有利于优质文化产品服务不断涌现的体制机制。其次，保护全人类共同文化遗产。历史文化遗产既是保存人类文明发展的重要载体，也是中华民族共有精神家园，对赓续历史文脉、记得住乡愁至关重要。习近平总书记本着对历史负责、对人民负责的精神，推动文物和文化遗产工作，多次强调要守护好前人留给我们的宝贵财富，指出“文物和文化遗产承载着中华民族的基因和血脉”,并亲自调研考察了100多处文物古迹、革命旧址、文博场馆，加大全社会文化遗产保护力度，推动文化遗产保护事业高质量发展，构成了习近平文化思想人民性特质的重要内容。最后，增强高质量文化供给。立足新时代人民精神文化需求的新趋向，推动文化产业向高质量发展阶段迈进，把创作生产优秀作品作为中心环节，网络视听、线上演播、数字艺术展示等新型业态蓬勃发展，实现了优秀传统文化要素与信息数据要素的融合互动，激发了人们广泛的情感共鸣，以高质量文化供给增强人们的文化获得感，为人民群众源源不断地提供高品质精神食粮。

Respecting the People’s Creation: Stimulating the Cultural Creation and Innovation Vitality of the Entire Nation

尊重人民创造：激发全民族的文化创造创新活力

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized “stimulating the cultural innovation and creation vitality of the entire nation,” [7]7 “Harmony in diversity” (和而不同): A classical Confucian concept from the Analects, meaning to maintain harmony while respecting differences; here used to advocate for peaceful coexistence and mutual respect among civilizations. attaching great importance to the principal role of the people in cultural construction. Socialist cultural construction has achieved historic accomplishments, greatly stimulating the emotional resonance of the entire nation and the striving force for jointly creating a better life. First, the people are the creative subjects of cultural production. Culture, as a product of the conceptual sphere, originates from the practical activities of human beings. General Secretary Xi Jinping, adhering to the view that “the masses of the people are the creators of society’s material and spiritual wealth,” proposed that the people are “both the ‘actors’ and the ‘playwrights’ of history,” [8]8 Chinese-path modernization (中国式现代化): The official term for China’s model of modernization, distinct from Western models, emphasizing common prosperity, material and cultural-ethical progress, harmony between humanity and nature, and peaceful development. further clarifying that the people are the creators of culture. From the perspective of origin, culture originates from the people’s production and life practices; from the perspective of content, culture is the product of the people’s collective wisdom; from the perspective of driving force, changes in the people’s needs drive cultural innovation. Therefore, culture is essentially the product of the people’s objectifying activities. It is necessary to fully respect the principal position and pioneering spirit of the people, transforming the masses from passive recipients into active participants and creators, continuously creating new cultural forms. Second, the people are a vital force for cultural inheritance. The subject of cultural creation is people, and the key carrier of inheritance is also people. Whether it is the master-apprentice transmission of intangible cultural heritage skills or the intergenerational continuation of folk customs and rituals, all must be realized through the people’s practice. Finally, the people are the source of inspiration for cultural creation. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Adhere to a people-centered creative orientation, and produce more excellent works that enhance the people’s spiritual strength.” [9]9 The Two Integrations (两个结合): A key theoretical formulation by Xi Jinping, referring to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture. This requires drawing inspiration from the people’s lives, integrating the people’s life experiences, emotional experiences, and aesthetic pursuits into cultural creation, and creating authentic, vivid, and impactful works. In recent years, under the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, China’s cultural workers have actively responded to the call, staying close to people’s livelihoods and loyal to public opinion, exploring new interpretations and deep expressions of people-centered cultural creation in the New Era, and a large number of excellent original works with contemporary characteristics and national spirit have emerged one after another.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次强调“激发全民族文化创新创造活力”,高度重视人民群众在文化建设中的主体作用，社会主义文化建设取得历史性成就，极大激发了全民族的情感共鸣和共创美好生活的奋斗力量。首先，人民是文化产生的创造主体。文化作为观念层面的产物，始于人类的实践活动。习近平总书记秉承“人民群众是社会物质财富和精神财富的创造者”观点，提出人民“既是历史的‘剧中人’、也是历史的‘剧作 者’”,更加明确了人民是文化的创造者。从起源看，文化源于人民生产生活实践；从内容看，文化是人民集体智慧的产物；从动力看，人民需求变化推动文化创新。因此，文化在本质上是人民群众对象化活动的产物，必须充分尊重人民群众的主体地位和首创精神，使群众从被动接受者变为主动参与者和创造者，不断创造新的文化样态。其次，人民是文化传承的有生力量。文化的创作主体是人，传承的关键载体也是人，无论是非遗技艺的师徒相授，还是民俗礼仪的代际延续，都需通过人民的实践。最后，人民是文化创作的灵感来源。习近平总书记强调：“坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，推出更多增强人民精神力量的优秀作品。”要 求从人民的生活中汲取灵感，将人民的生活经历、情感体验和审美追求融入文化创作中，创造出真实、生动、有感染力的作品。近年来，在习近平文化思想的科学指导下，我国文化工作者积极响应号召，贴近民生、忠于民意，探索新时代以人民为中心推动文化创作的全新演绎和深度表达，大量具有时代特色、民族精神的优秀原创作品接连产生。

Concentrating the People’s Wisdom: Learning from and Drawing on All Outstanding Achievements of Human Civilization

集中人民智慧：学习借鉴人类一切优秀文明成果

The outstanding civilizational achievements of all countries in the world are the common spiritual wealth of humanity. General Secretary Xi Jinping places great importance on the creative power of the people in the cultural sphere, and from a global perspective profoundly points out that “all civilizations created by humanity are the crystallization of labor and wisdom,” emphasizing the need to “more proactively learn from and draw upon all outstanding civilizational achievements created by humanity.” This fully manifests the humanistic concern of Marxism and its world mission of seeking common good for all under heaven. On the one hand, it promotes people-to-people and cultural exchanges, absorbing and drawing upon the common wisdom of the world’s people with an open and inclusive cultural attitude. The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century [6]6 “Changes unseen in a century” (百年未有之大变局): A key judgment by Xi Jinping referring to the profound and rapid transformations in the international order, power structures, and global governance systems since the early 21st century.; the global landscape is rapidly evolving and reshaping, with problems such as the malignant expansion of individualism, the continuous erosion of social trust, and the worsening of ethics and morality becoming prominent, exacerbating estrangement between different civilizations. In response, General Secretary Xi Jinping, with the Eastern wisdom of “harmony in diversity” [7]7 “Harmony in diversity” (和而不同): A classical Confucian concept from the Analects, meaning to maintain harmony while respecting differences; here used to advocate for peaceful coexistence and mutual respect among civilizations., counters the “clash of civilizations” theory, emphasizing the need to uphold an open and inclusive cultural attitude. He proposes four major principles for dealing with world civilizations: “maintaining the diversity of world civilizations,” “respecting the civilizations of all countries and nations,” “correctly learning from and drawing on other civilizations,” and “treating cultural traditions scientifically,” thereby promoting mutual learning and shared prosperity among the wisdom of people from different cultures and countries. At the same time, General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the unique role of the people in building China’s international communication capacity, consistently adhering to a people-centered approach in promoting people-to-people and cultural exchanges between China and other countries. He has convened events such as the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations, the World Conference on China Studies – Shanghai Forum, and the China International Festival of Culture and Friendship, and launched activities like “Experience China,” “Happy Chinese New Year,” and “Silk Road Cultural Tour” to facilitate such exchanges. On the other hand, it promotes cultural innovation, absorbing and drawing upon outstanding achievements of human civilization on the premise of consolidating cultural subjectivity. At the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the major thesis of “cultural subjectivity,” emphasizing that “cultural confidence comes from our cultural subjectivity,” and profoundly clarifying that the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation is actually based on the subjectivity of all Chinese sons and daughters in the historical process of creating, inheriting, and developing Chinese culture. For a long time, Western countries have dominated the basic aspects of modernization. Western film and television, as important carriers of cultural hegemony, prominently display tendencies of cultural appropriation and value assimilation. However, as Chinese-path modernization [8]8 Chinese-path modernization (中国式现代化): The official term for China’s model of modernization, distinct from Western models, emphasizing common prosperity, material and cultural-ethical progress, harmony between humanity and nature, and peaceful development. continues to achieve new successes, our Party persistently advances the Two Integrations [9]9 The Two Integrations (两个结合): A key theoretical formulation by Xi Jinping, referring to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture., further consolidating cultural subjectivity, and the pattern of “the West being strong and the East being weak” is gradually being broken. Chinese artistic and cultural creation adheres to the stance of Chinese culture, deeply excavates the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture, and with an open and inclusive attitude, actively absorbs and draws upon all outstanding achievements of human civilization, such as internationalized narrative methods, artistic styles, and key technologies for advanced cultural equipment, integrating them into the innovative development of Chinese culture, thereby promoting Chinese culture to better reach the world.

世界各国的优秀文明成果是人类共同的精神财富。习近平总书记高度重视人民智慧在文化领域的创造力，站在世界角度深刻指出“人类创造的各种文明都是劳动和智慧的结晶”,并强调要“更加积极主动地学习借鉴人类创造的一切优秀文明成果”,充分彰显了马克思主义的人类情怀，谋天下大同的世界担当。一方面，促进人文交流，以开放包容的文化态度吸收借鉴世界人民共同的智慧。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，世界格局急剧演化与重塑，个人主义恶性膨胀、社会诚信不断消减、伦理道德每况愈下等问题突出，加剧了不同文明之间的隔阂。对此，习近平总书记以“和而不同”的东方智慧回应“文明冲突论”,强调要坚持开放包容的文化态度，提出“维护世界文明多样性”“尊重各国各民族文明”“正确进行文明学习借鉴”和“科学对待文化传统”等对待世界文明的四大原则，推动不同文化、不同国家人民智慧之间的互鉴共荣。同时，习近平总书记高度重视人民群众在我国国际传播能力建设中的独特作用，始终坚持以人民为主体推动中外人文交流，举办亚洲文明对话大会、世界中国学大会·上海论坛、中国国际友好文化节，开展“感知中国”“欢乐春节”“丝绸之路文化之旅”等活动，促进中外人文交流。另一方面，推动文化创新，以巩固文化主体性为前提吸收借鉴人类优秀文明成果。习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会上提出“文化主体性”的重大论断，强调“文化自信就来自我们的文化主体性”,深刻阐明中华民族的文化主体性实际上是建基于全体中华儿女在创造、传承和发展中华文化的历史进程中的主体性。长期以来，西方国家主导着现代化的基本面，西方影视作为文化霸权的重要载体，凸显出鲜明的文化挪用与价值同化倾向。但随着中国式现代化不断取得新成就，我们党持续推进“两个结合”,更加巩固了文化主体性，“西强东弱”格局逐渐被打破。中国艺术文化创作坚守中华文化立场，深入挖掘中华优秀传统文化的精髓，以开放包容的姿态积极吸收借鉴国际化叙事方式和美术风格、先进文化装备关键技术等人类文明的一切优秀成果，将其融入中华文化的创新发展，从而推动中华文化更好地走向世界。

III. The Practical Path of the People-Centered Character of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought

三、习近平文化思想人民性特质的实践向路

General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Anchor the strategic goal of building a culturally strong country, and continuously develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for a New Era,” and emphasizes, “We must always insist that cultural construction focuses on people and lands on people.” In cultural construction in the New Era, it is necessary to deeply grasp and practice the people-centered character of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought, continuously develop cultural undertakings to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the people, successively launch fine works that reflect the new atmosphere of the times and eulogize the new creations of the people, stimulate the powerful spiritual strength of all people to strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and forge new brilliance for Chinese culture.

习近平总书记指出，“锚定建成文化强国战略目标，不断发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化”,并强调，“要始终坚持文化建设着眼于人、落脚于人”。在新时代文化建设中要深刻把握和践行习近平文化思想人民性特质，不断发展文化事业以满足人民精神文化需求，接续推出反映时代新气象、讴歌人民新创造的精品力作，激发全体人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗的强大精神力量，铸就中华文化新辉煌。

Establish a Mechanism for Direct Delivery of High-Quality Cultural Resources to the Grassroots, Promoting the “Downward Shift of Focus” of Cultural Projects Benefiting the People

建立优质文化资源直达基层机制，推动文化惠民工程“重心下移”

The “Decision” [10]10 “The Decision”: Refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-style Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in July 2024. emphasizes: “Improve the public cultural service system, and establish a mechanism for direct delivery of high-quality cultural resources to the grassroots.” Placing the protection of people’s cultural rights and interests within an institutional framework sets the direction for deepening the reform of public cultural services in the New Era. On the one hand, promote the construction of a public cultural community and expand new types of urban and rural cultural spaces. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “We must deepen the construction of urban and rural cultural-ethical progress, optimize the supply of cultural products and services, and empower economic and social development with culture.” Currently, some urban and rural areas still face phenomena such as gaps in the supply of high-quality cultural resources, imbalances in the allocation of cultural resources, and declining effectiveness of cultural services. It is necessary to establish a mechanism for direct delivery of high-quality cultural resources to the grassroots, adapt measures to local conditions based on urban and rural characteristics, build urban and rural public cultural communities, meet the expectations of urban and rural residents for a high-quality cultural life, embed cultural facilities, activities, and services into communities, villages, parks, and other venues, create modern public cultural spaces that combine the virtual and the real, and allow cultural resources originally concentrated in traditional public cultural service institutions to sink downward. The core of establishing a mechanism for direct delivery of high-quality cultural resources to the grassroots lies in improving the coverage and applicability of basic public cultural services. This can be achieved by renewing urban and rural cultural physical spaces, creatively transforming public welfare venues and facilities such as public libraries, village stages, and intangible cultural heritage transmission sites, combining local folk culture and ethnic characteristics to promote the revitalization, utilization, and innovative development of fine traditional rural culture. It can also be achieved by expanding urban and rural cultural virtual spaces, guiding cultural resources to extend to grassroots and remote areas, increasing special investment in cultural infrastructure in remote areas, relying on cutting-edge technologies such as digital twins and the metaverse, promoting the development of virtual cultural products like “public digital reading rooms” by physical venues such as libraries and art galleries, and constructing digital cultural sharing spaces that link online and offline. At the same time, fully leverage the communication advantages of new digital cultural formats such as live streaming and micro-dramas, effectively break down regional barriers and time-space restrictions on the flow of cultural elements, bridge the urban-rural digital divide, and lower the threshold for the people to enjoy high-quality cultural content.

《决定》强调：“完善公共文化服务体系，建立优质文化资源直达基层机制。”将人民文化权益保障置于制度框架之中，为深化新时代公共文化服务改革锚定了方向。一方面，推进公共文化共同体建设，拓展城乡新型文化空间。习近平总书记指出：“要深化城乡精神文明建设，优化文化产品和服务供给，以文化赋能经济社会发展。”当前，部分城乡地区仍然存在优质文化资源供给缺口、文化资源配置失衡、文化服务效能衰减等现象，要建立优质文化资源直达基层机制，因地制宜立足城乡特点，建设城乡公共文化共同体，适应城乡居民对高品质文化生活的期待，将文化设施、活动和服务嵌入到社区、乡村、园区等场所，打造虚实结合的现代化公共文化空间，让原本集中在传统公共文化服务机构的文化资源下沉。建立优质文化资源直达基层机制的核心在于，提高基本公共文化服务的覆盖面和适用性，既可以通过更新城乡文化实体空间，对公共图书馆、乡村戏台、非遗传习场所等公益性场所设施进行创意改造，结合当地民俗文化与民族特色，推动乡村优秀传统文化的活化利用和创新发展，又可以通过拓展城乡文化虚拟空间，引导文化资源向基层和偏远地区延伸，加大对偏远地区文化基础设施的专项投入，依托数字孪生、元宇宙等前沿技术，推动图书馆、艺术馆等实体场所开发“公共数字书房”等虚拟文化产品，构建线上线下联动的数字文化共享空间。同时，充分发挥在线直播、微短剧等数字文化新业态的传播优势，有效打破文化要素流动的区域壁垒和时空限制，弥合城乡数字鸿沟，降低人民群众享受优质文化内容的门槛。

On the other hand, improve the mechanism for social forces to participate in public cultural services, and cultivate and develop diversified and socialized service entities. The “Decision” emphasizes: “Improve the mechanism for social forces to participate in public cultural services.” It is necessary to adhere to government leadership, social participation, downward shift of focus, and joint construction and sharing, improve the public cultural service system, clarify the boundaries of rights and responsibilities between the government and various social forces, and promote diversified and socialized service entities such as social resources and non-governmental forces to participate more actively and voluntarily in mass cultural activities. It is necessary to clarify the role positioning of the government, transforming government functions from “running culture” to “managing culture,” adhere to the government-led development of public-interest cultural undertakings and cultural industries, improve the mechanisms and methods for government procurement of public cultural services, promote “order-based,” “menu-based,” and “appointment-based” services, and through policy guidance, financial support, and other means, encourage social forces to participate in the supply of public cultural services through government procurement of services, village-enterprise cooperation, and the construction of public cultural facilities. It is necessary to fully leverage the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, actively cultivate market entities, guide social capital to invest in the construction of public cultural service facilities, promote the socialized development and professional operation of public cultural services with demand as the guide, encourage public libraries, cultural centers, and museums to expand channels for social force participation through joint creation, institutional sponsorship, and public crowdfunding, and provide diverse forms of personalized and differentiated services for different cultural communities, providing endogenous impetus for the sustainable development of public cultural undertakings. It is necessary to leverage the principal role of the people, implement training plans for national reading promotion ambassadors and national art popularization promotion ambassadors, promote the dissemination and popularization of high-quality cultural resources to suburbs, rural areas, and remote regions, encourage social forces to organize and participate in public-interest cultural activities, deliver excellent public cultural products and services to the grassroots people, and open up the “last kilometer” [11]11 “Last kilometer” (最后一公里): A common Chinese political metaphor for the final, often most difficult, stage of implementing policies or delivering services directly to the grassroots or end-users. of serving the people with public culture.

另一方面，健全社会力量参与公共文化服务机制，培育发展多元化社会化服务主体。《决定》强调：“健全社会力量参与公共文化服务机制。”要坚持政府主导、社会参与、重心下移、共建共享，完善公共文化服务体系，明晰政府和社会力量各方的权责边界，推动社会资源和民间力量等多元化社会化服务主体更加主动、自愿地参与到群众文化活动中来。要明确政府角色定位，将政府职能从“办文化”向“管文化”转变，坚持以政府为主导发展公益性文化事业和文化产业，完善政府购买公共文化服务的机制和方式，推广“订单式”“菜单式”“预约式”服务，通过政策引导、资金扶持等方式，鼓励社会力量通过政府购买服务、村企合作、公共文化设施建设等途径参与公共文化服务供给。要充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，积极培育市场主体，引导社会资本投入公共文化服务设施建设，以需求为主导推动公共文化服务社会化发展、专业化运营，鼓励公共图书馆、文化馆、博物馆通过联合创作、机构赞助、公益众筹等方式扩大社会力量参与渠道，面向不同文化社群，开展形式多样的个性化差异化服务，为公共文化事业持续发展提供内生动力。要发挥人民群众主体作用，实施全民阅读推广人和全民艺术普及推广人培育计划，促进优质文化资源向城郊、农村和边远地区传播和普及，鼓励社会力量组织并参与公益性文化活动，将优秀的公共文化产品和服务送到基层群众身边，打通公共文化服务群众的“最后一公里”。

Cultivate New Quality Productive Forces in Culture, Empower the Diversified Supply of High-Quality Cultural Products

培育文化新质生产力，赋能高质量文化产品多元供给

The “Decision” [12]12 The “Decision” refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC in July 2024. points out: “Optimize the supply mechanism for cultural services and cultural products.” With the sustained development of the economy and society and the continuous improvement of the people’s living standards, the masses have raised higher demands for the high-quality supply, diversified choices, and deep-level connotations of cultural products and services. Advancing the building of a culturally strong country urgently requires optimizing the supply mechanism for cultural services and cultural products. However, some cultural services and products exhibit phenomena such as deviation in value orientation, lack of creative design, “high quantity but low quality” in supply, and “emphasizing technology while neglecting content.” The contradiction between instrumental rationality and value rationality has become a problem constraining high-quality cultural development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward important theses such as “developing new quality productive forces is the internal requirement and key focus for promoting high-quality development” and “explore effective mechanisms for the integration of culture and technology to achieve digital empowerment and information-based transformation of cultural construction,” pointing out a scientific direction for cultivating new quality productive forces in the cultural field and empowering the diversified supply of high-quality cultural products.

《决定》指出：“优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制。”随着经济社会持续发展和人民生活水平不断提升，人民群众对文化产品与服务的高质量供给、多样化选择及深层次内涵提出了更高要求，推进文化强国建设迫切需要优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制。然而，部分文化服务与产品存在价值导向偏离、创意设计匮乏、供给“高量低质”“重技术轻内容”等现象，工具理性和价值理性的矛盾已成为制约文化高质量发展的难题。习近平总书记提出“发展新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点”,“探索文化和科技融合的有效机制，实现文化建设数字化赋能、信息化转型”等重要论断，为培育发展文化领域新质生产力、赋能高质量文化产品多元供给指明了科学方向。

First, stimulate new demand in the cultural market through technological innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “We must follow the development trends of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization… to improve quality, efficiency, and core competitiveness.” Currently, digital technologies such as algorithmic recommendation and VR/AR have been deeply integrated into cultural supply. However, if they are solely oriented toward user dwell time, they easily fall into the trap of prioritizing traffic above all else. Some cultural services and product supplies have fallen into the rut of excessive commercialization, vulgarization, and entertainment, eroding the spiritual foundation of mainstream values. To free cultural supply from “traffic hijacking,” it is necessary to continuously study and meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the people through technological innovation, integrate digital intelligence technology into the entire process of cultural resource development and the optimization of the supply-demand relationship for cultural products, construct a big-data evaluation model that incorporates the dimension of mainstream values, optimize the content recommendation mechanism, strengthen the precise push and long-term exposure of high-quality, classic, and culturally profound works, promote the personalized recommendation and customized development of cultural products that prioritize cultural value and social benefits, and guide the creation of more digital cultural products that are profound in thought, exquisite in art, and excellent in production. Second, inject momentum into the creative development of cultural products through factor coupling. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “We must correctly use new technologies and new means… to bring literary and artistic creation to a new realm with richer connotation and greater potential.” If digital technology is used only for sensory stimulation or formal innovation, without deeply coupling with the historical memory, spiritual connotation, and value concepts carried by culture, cultural services and products will only have a digital form but lack the content core that supports spiritual attributes and cultural value, hindering the cultivation and application of new quality productive forces in culture. It is necessary to use cutting-edge technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence to carry out digital collection, standardized storage, and intelligent correlation of scattered cultural resources, solve the problem of “having technology but no culture, having form but no connotation,” and improve the efficiency of integrating and utilizing digital cultural resources. Third, create immersive experiences for cultural services through iterative industrial upgrading. The “Decision” emphasizes: “Explore effective mechanisms for the integration of culture and technology, and accelerate the development of new cultural business forms.” Technology promotes the formation of new forms of expression, modes of dissemination, and industrial forms for culture, helping to explore new “culture+” content and forms involving multi-sensory participation and scenario-based interaction, and breaking down the cognitive barriers among the masses of “knowing but not believing” and “understanding but not using” in cultural dissemination. It is necessary to integrate new experience technologies such as holographic presentation, digital twins, and multilingual interaction, promote the iterative upgrading of traditional industries such as books, newspapers, periodicals, and performing arts, transform cultural symbols into interactive digital scenes, develop new cultural business forms such as digital museums, micro-dramas, and virtual digital humans, expand the application of immersive experiences in scenarios such as scenic spots and streets, cultural venues, and entertainment venues, build a number of digital application scenarios for the cultural industry, guide the masses to deeply participate in the creation and experience of cultural content, and provide the people with more convenient, efficient, and rich cultural consumption experiences.

一是以技术革新为文化市场激发新需求。习近平总书记指出：“要顺应数字产业化和产业数字化发展趋势……提高质量效益和核心竞争力。”当前算法推荐、VR/AR等数字技术已深度融入文化供给，但若仅以用户停留时长为导向，易陷入流量至上的陷阱，部分文化服务和产品供给落入过度商业化、庸俗化与娱乐化的窠臼，侵蚀主流价值的精神根基。为使文化供给摆脱“流量绑架”,要以技术革新不断研判和满足人民群众的精神文化需求，将数智技术融入文化资源开发、文化产品供求关系优化全过程，构建融入主流价值维度的大数据评估模型，优化内容推荐机制，强化对优质、经典、具有文化厚度的作品的精准推送与长效曝光，推动以文化价值和社会效益为重点考量的文化产品的个性化推荐与定制化开发，引导创作更多思想精深、艺术精湛、制作精良的数字文化产品。二是以要素耦合为文化产品创意研发注入动能。习近平总书记强调：“要正确运用新的技术、新的手段……使文艺创作呈现更有内涵、更有潜力的新境界。”若数字技术仅用于感官刺激或形式创新，未与文化承载的历史记忆、精神内涵、价值理念深度耦合，会使文化服务与产品徒有数字化形态，却缺乏支撑精神属性与文化价值的内容内核，制约文化新质生产力的培育与应用。需借助区块链、人工智能等前沿技术，对分散文化资源开展数字化采集、标准化存储与智能化关联，破解“有技术无文化、有形式无内涵”问题，提升数字文化资源整合效率与利用水平。三是以迭代升级产业为文化服务打造沉浸体验。《决定》强调：“探索文化和科技融合的有效机制，加快发展新型文化业态。”科技促进文化形成新的表现形式、传播方式和产业形态，有助于探索多感官参与、场景化互动的“文化+”新内容新形式，破解文化传播中人民群众“知而不信”“懂而不用”的认知壁垒。要集成全息呈现、数字孪生、多语言交互等新型体验技术，推动图书、报刊、演艺等传统产业迭代升级，将文化符号转化为可交互的数字场景，开发数字博物馆、微短剧、虚拟数字人等文化新业态，拓展沉浸式体验在景区街区、文化场馆、文娱场所等场景的应用，建设一批文化产业数字化应用场景，引导人民群众深度参与文化内容的创作与体验，为人民群众提供更加便捷、高效、丰富的文化消费体验。

Develop high-quality original cultural resources, stimulating the “living source” of innovation vitality in the people’s practice

开发优质文化原创资源，激发“源头活水”人民实践中的创新活力

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “We must strive to stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation… focusing on improving the original cultural capacity, and improving the service, guidance, and organizational working mechanisms for literary and artistic creation and production.” The people’s practice contains an inexhaustible and abundant source for all literature and art. It is necessary to respect the principal position and pioneering spirit of the masses, promote academic democracy and artistic democracy, continuously improve cultural originality, productivity, and innovation, and maximize the gathering of the enthusiasm and synergy of the entire nation’s cultural innovation and creation.

习近平总书记强调：“要着力激发全民族文化创新创造活力……围绕提高文化原创能力，改进文艺创作生产服务、引导、组织工作机制。”人民实践中有着一切文学艺术取之不尽、用之不竭的丰沛源泉，要尊重人民群众主体地位和首创精神，发扬学术民主、艺术民主，不断提高文化原创力、生产力与创新力，最大限度地凝聚全民族文化创新创造的热情与合力。

On the one hand, accumulate cultural materials and deeply tap the “rich mine” of folk resources. Lead the creative trend of rooting in the people, immersing in life, and being down-to-earth, ensuring and encouraging the vast number of cultural workers to go deep into the grassroots and the front line to carry out creative practice activities, and continuously accumulate high-quality original cultural materials from life and art. At the same time, it is necessary to build a good online cultural front, mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses to participate in cultural creation, break the invisible barrier of “different trades are separated as by mountains” in the cultural field, and through activities such as holding online cultural festivals, selecting China’s good young netizens, and exhibiting positive energy works online, encourage the masses to create original online cultural works such as short videos, micro-films, animation, photography, and online literature that are drawn from their surroundings and have a healthy style, boosting the leapfrog upgrading of cultural production factors and cultural production methods, and allowing the cultural spirit contained in the people’s practice to be fully exerted both online and offline. On the other hand, gather the wisdom and strength of the people and build a grassroots cultural talent team. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Many famous literary and artistic masters, both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, have emerged from society and the people.” It is necessary to support the masses in participating in cultural creation, actively discover and cultivate folk cultural talents, especially representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage, promote the sustainable development and utilization of folk cultural resources, make them compatible with the development of advanced socialist culture, continuously endow them with new contemporary connotations and modern forms of expression, and achieve creative transformation and innovative development. Encourage cultural enthusiasts to join the grassroots cultural talent team, explore new mechanisms for the education and training of rural cultural talents, actively introduce folk cultural talents through grassroots service projects such as the “Three Supports and One Assistance” [13]13 “Three Supports and One Assistance” is a Chinese government program that sends college graduates to support education, agriculture, and medical services in rural areas, and to assist in poverty alleviation and rural development., “Special Post Teachers” [14]14 “Special Post Teachers” is a Chinese government program that recruits teachers to work in rural schools in underdeveloped regions for a fixed term., and the “Rural Talent Return Plan” [15]15 The “Rural Talent Return Plan” is a Chinese policy initiative to encourage and facilitate the return of skilled and educated individuals from urban areas to work and start businesses in their rural hometowns., support the development of local literary and artistic groups, support rural intangible cultural heritage inheritors and folk artists in taking on apprentices and passing on their skills, and use the cultivation of more local cultural backbones as a guide to drive the construction of the grassroots cultural talent team. Improve the protection mechanism for cultural achievements and the incentive mechanism for grassroots public cultural service talents, strengthen the reward and protection measures for individual original intellectual property rights, increase the commendation and reward intensity for public cultural service innovation talents, raise their salary and treatment, and provide guarantees for developing high-quality original cultural resources and building a grassroots cultural talent team.

一方面，积累文化素材，深挖民间资源“富矿”。引领扎根人民、扎实生活、脚踏实地的创作风尚，保障和激励广大文化工作者深入基层、深入一线开展创作实践活动，不断进行生活和艺术的优质文化原创素材积累。同时，要建设好网络文化阵地，调动广大人民群众参与文化创造的热情，打破文化领域“隔行如隔山”的无形阻碍，通过举办网络文化节、评选中国青年好网民与展播网络正能量作品等活动，鼓励人民群众创作短视频、微电影、动漫、摄影、网文等取材身边、格调健康的网络原创文化作品，助推文化生产要素和文化生产方式的跃迁升级，让蕴藏于人民实践中的文化精神在线上线下得到充分发挥。另一方面，汇聚民智民力，建设基层文化人才队伍。习近平总书记指出：“古今中外很多文艺名家都是从社会和人民中产生的。”要支持人民群众参与到文化创作中来，积极发掘和培养民间文化人才特别是非遗代表性传承人，推动民间文化资源的可持续开发与利用，使其与发展社会主义先进文化相适应，不断被赋予新的时代内涵和现代表达形式，实现创造性转化、创新性发展。鼓励文化爱好者加入基层文化人才队伍，探索农村文化人才教育培训新机制，通过“三支一扶”“特岗教师”“乡村人才回流计划”等基层服务项目积极引进民间文化人才，支持乡土文艺团组发展，扶持农村非遗传承人、民间艺人收徒传艺，以培养更多本土文化骨干为引领，带动基层文化人才队伍建设。完善文化成果保护机制与基层公共文化服务人才激励机制，加强对个人原创知识产权的奖励、保护措施，对公共文化服务创新人才加大表彰奖励力度、提高薪酬待遇，为开发优质文化原创资源、建设基层文化人才队伍提供保障。

Promote international people-to-people and cultural exchanges and cooperation, telling China’s story well with the “voice of the people”

促进国际人文交流合作，以“人民之声”讲好中国故事

“Amity between the people” is an important prerequisite for “comity between states.” The individual dissemination of the masses, with its unique advantages, has become a key pathway for promoting the social interaction and overseas dissemination of Chinese culture. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture adheres to the people’s standpoint, establishes the pursuit of grand morality that embraces the world and educates people through culture, deeply comprehends the laws of human history and the development of civilization with a broad vision, attaches importance to promoting Chinese culture to go global, emphasizes the condensation of the common values of all mankind, and builds a new form of human civilization. It is necessary to give full play to the important role of overseas Chinese and international students in China in telling China’s story well, and expand the international influence of Chinese culture.

“民相亲”是“国之交”的重要前提，人民群众的个体传播以其独特的优势，成为推动中华文化社会互动和海外传播的关键途径。习近平文化思想坚持人民立场，树立胸怀天下、以文化人的弘道追求，以宏大视野深刻洞察人类历史和文明发展规律，重视促进中华文化出海，强调凝聚全人类共同价值，构建人类文明新形态，应充分发挥海外侨胞与来华留学生在讲好中国故事中的重要作用，扩大中华文化国际影响力。

On the one hand, leverage the advantages of interaction among overseas compatriots to promote the living and concrete embodiment of the spiritual symbols of Chinese culture. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the group of overseas compatriots, emphasizing that “the vast number of overseas compatriots should use their own advantages and conditions to actively serve as bridges for exchanges and cooperation between their countries of residence and China in various fields.” [16] Overseas compatriot organizations, with overseas Chinese associations, student associations, professional associations, and think tanks as their important components, serve as “natural spokespersons” for the international dissemination of Chinese culture. They possess advantages such as a large number, wide distribution, language proficiency, multiple cultural backgrounds, and rich local life experience. By leveraging the interpersonal interaction advantages of overseas compatriots in heterogeneous cultural environments, through self-disclosure and social interaction in daily life within families, communities, and associations, they personally demonstrate the cultural essence of Chinese civilization to overseas people. Actively organize and participate in distinctive foreign cultural exchange activities such as international conferences, economic and trade exchanges, mutual visits, and study tours. Relying on overseas dissemination carriers of Chinese culture such as Chinese cuisine, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese language education, and folk performances, attract overseas people to actively engage with Chinese culture. On topics of international concern such as environmental protection and cultural dissemination, publicize China’s advanced practices, further enhance the effectiveness of overseas dissemination, foster cultural identity in a socially mobile environment, and promote the living and concrete embodiment of the spiritual symbols of Chinese culture. On the other hand, promote cross-cultural exchanges between Chinese and foreign students, opening up international dissemination channels for those who understand and are friendly to China. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “It is hoped that the vast number of returned overseas students will fully leverage their own advantages, strengthen internal guidance and external connections, serve as bridges and ties, and act as folk ambassadors to promote friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries.” [17] In cross-cultural communication, due to the ambiguity of linguistic symbols and differences in contextual backgrounds, cultural content is prone to information distortion and interpretation deviation during transmission. Therefore, it is necessary to leverage the talent advantages of overseas students who “understand China and are versed in the world,” establish an international cross-cultural exchange mechanism involving government, academia, industry, and the public, use local overseas student alumni platforms to engage in dialogue with overseas academic institutions and industrial organizations, transmit the excellent traditional Chinese culture and contemporary Chinese experience and development model, build a more solid and broad bridge of friendship between China and foreign countries, and tell stories of friendly exchanges between China and foreign countries that are diverse, inclusive, and mutually enriching. [18] Boost the ability of international students in China to understand China and tell China’s stories well, carry out interactive cultural activities such as the Silk Road University Alliance summer camps, traditional Chinese art performances, and handicraft making, enhance the added value of the “Study in China” brand building, and build a high-quality platform for international students in China to promote the excellent traditional Chinese culture and tell stories of China

一方面，发挥侨胞互动优势，推动中华文化精神标识的生活化、具象化。习近平总书记高度重视侨胞群体，强调“广大海外侨胞要运用自身优势和条件，积极为住在国同中国各领域交流合作牵线搭桥”。以侨联、学联、专业协会和智库为重要组成部分的侨胞组织，作为中华文化国际传播“天然代言人”,具有数量庞大、分布广泛、语言熟练、文化背景多重与当地生活经验丰富的优势。发挥侨胞在异质文化环境下的人际互动优势，通过在家庭、社区、社团等日常生活中的自我表露与社会交往，身体力行地将中华文明的文化精髓展示给海外民众。积极组织参与国际会议、经贸往来、互访游学等对外人文交流特色活动，依托中餐、中医、华文教育、民俗表演等中华文化海外传播载体，吸引海外民众主动接触中华文化，在环境保护、文化传播等国际社会关心的话题上宣介中国先进做法，进一步提升海外传播的实效性，增进社会流动环境中的文化认同感，推动中华文化精神标识的生活化、具象化。另一方面，促进中外学生跨文化交流，打开知华友华的国际传播通道。习近平总书记指出：“希望广大留学人员充分发挥自身优势，加强内引外联、牵线搭桥，当好促进中外友好交流的民间大使。”跨文化传播中，由于语言符号的歧义性、语境背景的差异性，文化内容在传递过程中易出现信息失真、解读偏差。因此，要发挥“懂中国、通世界”的出国留学生的人才优势，建立国际化的政、学、产、民的跨文化交流机制，借助当地留学生校友平台与海外学术机构和产业机构开展对话，传递中华优秀传统文化和当代中国经验与发展模式，搭建更加坚实宽广的中外友谊桥梁，讲好多元包容、美美与共的中外友好交流故事。助推来华留学生读懂中国、讲好中国故事，开展丝绸之路大学联盟夏令营、中国传统艺术表演、手工艺品制作等互动式文化活动，提升“留学中国”品牌建设的附加值，为来华留学生搭建弘扬中华优秀传统文化、讲述中国发展故事的优质平台。进一步借助出国留学生与来华留学生讲好国际传播中的“人民故事”,激活中华文化与海外受众之间的思想与情感共鸣，实现以文明交流超越文明隔阂，促进中华文化走向世界，推动中国更好沟通世界、让世界更好读懂中国。