Comprehensively Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization of Harmony between Humanity and Nature through the Building of a Beautiful China

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has treated ecological progress as a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, incorporated ecological progress into the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies, forming Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Progress. *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Ecological Progress*, Volume I (hereinafter referred to as the *Selected Works*), collects seventy-nine reports, speeches, addresses, directives, and instructions by General Secretary Xi Jinping on ecological progress since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. It systematically and comprehensively presents General Secretary Xi Jinping’s profound understanding of ecological progress, manifests the theoretical character of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Progress in keeping pace with the times and upholding fundamental principles while breaking new ground, and provides the fundamental guidance for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization of harmony between humanity and nature through the building of a beautiful China.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把生态文明建设作为关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计，将生态文明建设纳入中国特色社会主义事业总体布局，提出一系列新理念新思想新战略，形成了习近平生态文明思想。《习近平生态文明文选》第一卷（以下简称《文选》），收录了党的十八大以来习近平总书记关于生态文明建设的报告、讲话、演讲、指示、批示等七十九篇，系统全面地呈现了习近平总书记对生态文明建设的深刻认识，彰显了习近平生态文明思想与时俱进、守正创新的理论品格，为以美丽中国建设全面推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化提供了根本遵循。

I. Contributing Wisdom and Strength to the Sustainable Development of Human Civilization

一、为人类文明永续发展贡献智慧和力量

In the course of human development, although industrial civilization has created unprecedented material wealth for humanity, it has also given rise to contradictions in the relationship between humanity and nature, which have gradually evolved into a global ecological crisis. The relationship between humanity and nature is the most fundamental relationship in human society, and properly handling this relationship is an important component of Marxist theory. General Secretary Xi Jinping once quoted Engels’ famous saying: “Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us.” [1]1 Friedrich Engels, *Dialectics of Nature*. The *Selected Works* vividly embodies General Secretary Xi Jinping’s profound reflection and scientific answers on the relationship between humanity and nature, and between protection and development.

在人类发展进程中，工业文明虽然为人类创造了前所未有的物质财富，但也引起人与自然关系的矛盾，并逐渐演变为全球性生态危机。人与自然的关系是人类社会最基本的关系，处理好人与自然的关系是马克思主义理论的重要内容。习近平总书记曾引用恩格斯的名言说：“我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利，自然界都对我们进行报复。”《文选》生动体现了习近平总书记对人与自然、保护与发展关系的深邃思考和科学回答。

It enriches and develops Marxist thought on the relationship between humanity and nature. Currently, various Western green trends of thought emerge one after another. Theoretically, they advocate reconciling the relationship between humanity and nature through “reason” and “morality”; in practice, they cling to the logic of capital, connive at the transfer of pollution and ecological crises to developing countries, and increasingly exacerbate contradictions in global ecological governance. Faced with such propositions, some foreign Marxists attempt to reinterpret Marxism with views such as “weak anthropocentrism” and “degrowth communism,” resulting in many misreadings and deviations from Marxist thought on the relationship between humanity and nature. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Progress, adhering to the objective reality and rich practice of China’s ecological progress, deeply understands the dialectical relationship between humanity and nature, achieves the organic unity of economic development and environmental protection, examines from the perspective of social-historical development why the relationship between humanity and nature has become unbalanced and how it can be transformed, and opens up a new path for the reconciliation between humanity and nature. This important thought inherits and innovates the Marxist view of nature and ecology. It is the concentrated embodiment of Marxism in contemporary China and Marxism in the twenty-first century in the field of ecological progress, and it is the enrichment and development by the Chinese Communists of the New Era of Marxist thought on the relationship between humanity and nature.

丰富和发展了马克思主义关于人与自然关系的思想。当前，西方各类绿色思潮层出不穷，他们理论上倡导用“理性”与“道德”调和人与自然的关系，实践中却依附资本逻辑，纵容污染和生态危机向发展中国家转移，日益加剧全球生态治理矛盾。面对这类主张，一些国外马克思主义者试图以“弱人类中心主义”、“去增长共产主义”等观点重释马克思主义，存在着对马克思主义关于人与自然关系思想的诸多误读与偏离。习近平生态文明思想，坚持从中国生态文明建设的客观实际和丰富实践出发，深刻认识人与自然的辩证关系、实现经济发展与环境保护的有机统一，从社会历史发展的角度审视人与自然关系因何失衡、何以转变，为人类与自然的和解开辟新的道路。这一重要思想继承和创新了马克思主义自然观、生态观，是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义在生态文明建设领域的集中体现，是新时代中国共产党人对马克思主义关于人与自然关系思想的丰富和发展。

It inherits the ecological values of the Chinese nation. As early as over 1,400 years ago, in the *Fu on the Zheng* [2]2 A *fu* is a genre of Chinese rhapsodic prose-poetry. The *Fu on the Zheng* (zither) is attributed to Xiao Gang (Emperor Jianwen of Liang, r. 549–551). by Emperor Jianwen of the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties, there is the line “A beautiful woman plucks, her countenance stirring *shengtai*” [3]3 The term *shengtai* (生态) in classical Chinese originally meant “lively appearance” or “vital posture”; its modern meaning of “ecology” is a later semantic extension., used to describe the vivid and beautiful natural posture of things, which gradually derived the meaning of a life state of beautiful scenery and changing events, reflecting our ancestors’ longing and expectation for a beautiful ecological environment. The Chinese nation has always respected and loved nature; the Chinese civilization, spanning more than five thousand years, has nurtured a rich ecological culture. The *Selected Works* fully embodies General Secretary Xi Jinping’s historical wisdom of drawing from the past to forge the present, citing numerous allusions to elaborate on ecological progress, and vividly interpreting the simple and dialectical view of nature of the Chinese nation. Examples include the philosophical idea “Man takes his law from the Earth; the Earth takes its law from Heaven; Heaven takes its law from the Dao; the Dao takes its law from its own spontaneity” [4]4 From Chapter 25 of the *Dao De Jing* (Laozi).; the classic poetic line “I advise you not to beat the spring birds, for their young await their return in the nest”; the management system of “the mountain warden oversees the decrees of the mountain forests, setting boundaries and enforcing prohibitions” and “the mountains and marshes each yield at their proper times”; and the family maxim “When eating a meal, think of the difficulty of its production; when using a thread, always remember the hardship of its making.” [5]5 From the *Zhu Zi Jia Ge* (Master Zhu’s Family Maxims), attributed to Zhu Bolu (1617–1688). These, among others, thoroughly repudiate the development mode of “killing the goose that lays the golden eggs and draining the pond to catch all the fish,” [6]6 A Chinese idiom meaning to seek short-term gains at the expense of long-term sustainability. demonstrating the contemporary value of the ancient ecological wisdom of “unity of humanity and nature” [7]7 *Tian ren he yi* (天人合一), a core concept in traditional Chinese philosophy emphasizing the harmony and unity between the natural world and human affairs. of the Chinese nation.

传承中华民族生态价值观念。早在1400多年前，南朝梁简文帝所作《筝赋》中便有“佳人采掇，动容生态”之句，用以形容事物生动美好的自然姿态，并逐渐衍生出景物美好、世事变迁的生命状态之意，反映了我们的先人对优美生态环境的憧憬和期许。中华民族向来尊重自然、热爱自然，绵延五千多年的中华文明孕育着丰富的生态文化。《文选》充分体现了习近平总书记汲古铸今的历史智慧，引用大量典故阐述生态文明，生动诠释了中华民族朴素辩证的自然观，如“人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然”的哲理思想，“劝君莫打三春鸟，儿在巢中望母归”的经典诗句，“山虞掌山林之政令，物为之厉而为之守禁”、“山泽各致其时”的管理制度，“一粥一饭，当思来处不易；半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰”的治家格言，等等，从思想理论上彻底摒弃“杀鸡取卵、竭泽而渔”的发展方式，彰显出中华民族“天人合一”古老生态智慧的时代价值。

II. Promoting the Theory and Practice of Ecological Progress to Keep Pace with the Times

二、推动生态文明建设理论和实践与时俱进

The *Selected Works* presents a panoramic view of the development process of China’s ecological progress thought, theory, and governance practice since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. It highlights how the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, on the basis of profoundly summarizing domestic and international development experience and lessons and comprehensively grasping the global development trend, has, from the perspective of ecological progress, continuously deepened its understanding of the laws of governance by the Communist Party, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of the development of human society. It profoundly grasps the important position and strategic significance of ecological progress in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics for the New Era, systematically answers major theoretical and practical questions such as what kind of ecological progress to build and how to build it, and elevates our Party’s understanding of the laws of ecological progress to a new height.

《文选》全景式地呈现了党的十八大以来我国生态文明建设思想理论与治理实践的发展历程，凸显了以习近平同志为核心的党中央在深刻总结国内外发展经验教训、全面把握全球发展大势的基础上，从生态文明建设视角，不断深化对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律和人类社会发展规律的认识，深刻把握生态文明建设在新时代中国特色社会主义事业中的重要地位和战略意义，系统回答了建设什么样的生态文明、怎样建设生态文明等重大理论和实践问题，把我们党对生态文明建设规律的认识提升到新高度。

It deepens the ecological value of “people first.” Marx and Engels, by examining the harsh living environment of the working class under the capitalist mode of production, exposed the ecological exploitation of the working class by the bourgeoisie and the unsustainability of private ownership. They believed that only by promoting changes in the social system, especially fundamental changes in the mode of production, could the reconciliation between humanity and nature be achieved, along with comprehensive social progress and the all-round development of human beings. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Progress consistently adheres to and develops socialism with Chinese characteristics without wavering, and always takes “people first” as the fundamental value stance of ecological governance. The fundamental ecological value orientation reflected in the important documents on ecological progress by General Secretary Xi Jinping collected in the *Selected Works* is embodied in statements such as: “A good ecological environment is the most inclusive public good for people’s wellbeing”; “We must benefit, enrich, and serve the people through ecological progress, focusing on solving prominent environmental problems that harm people’s health”; and “The development and utilization of resources must not only support the happy lives of the current generation but also leave the foundation for survival for future generations.” In the article “Striving to Build a Modernization of Harmony between Humanity and Nature,” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The people have higher expectations for the quality of the ecological environment and lower tolerance for ecological and environmental problems”; “We must concentrate on solving the prominent ecological and environmental problems that affect the people’s daily lives, so that the people can truly feel the improvement in the quality of the ecological environment.” Only by upholding an attitude of high responsibility towards the people and placing ecological progress in a more prominent position can we leave for future generations a beautiful homeland with blue skies, green land, and clean water.

深化了“人民至上”的生态价值观。马克思、恩格斯通过考察资本主义生产方式下工人阶级的恶劣生存环境，揭露了资产阶级对工人阶级的生态剥削和私有制的不可持续性，认为只有推动社会制度变革，特别是生产方式的根本变革，才能实现人与自然的和解，实现社会的全面进步和人的全面发展。习近平生态文明思想始终坚持和发展中国特色社会主义不动摇，始终以“人民至上”作为生态治理的根本价值立场。《文选》收录的习近平总书记关于生态文明建设的重要文献，其根本的生态价值指向体现在，“良好的生态环境是最普惠的民生福祉”、“坚持生态惠民、生态利民、生态为民，重点解决损害群众健康的突出环境问题”、“资源开发利用既要支撑当代人过上幸福生活，也要为子孙后代留下生存根基”等等。在《努力建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化》一文中，习近平总书记指出，“人民群众对生态环境质量的期望值更高，对生态环境问题的容忍度更低”，“要集中攻克老百姓身边的突出生态环境问题，让老百姓实实在在感受到生态环境质量改善”，等等。只有秉持对人民群众高度负责的态度，把生态文明建设放在更加突出的位置，才能为子孙后代留下天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽家园。

It has deepened the ecological ethics of “harmonious coexistence.” Engels pointed out in *Dialectics of Nature* that “at every step we are reminded that we are far from ruling over nature like a conqueror ruling over a foreign people, like someone standing outside nature—rather, we, with our flesh, blood, and brain, belong to nature and exist within it.” On the one hand, nature provides the material and spiritual prerequisites for human survival and development: “without nature, without the sensuous external world, the worker can create nothing.” On the other hand, the process of the humanization of nature is inevitable and irreversible: “nature, taken abstractly, in isolation, fixed as separate from man, is nothing for man.” [8]8 This is a paraphrase of a passage from Marx’s *Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844*. Humans achieve their own survival through the productive labor of transforming nature, but natural resources are finite. When the intensity of human exploitation of natural resources exceeds nature’s own carrying capacity, the internal balance of the ecosystem is disrupted, thereby threatening human survival and development. To address the imbalance in the human-nature relationship, we can neither take the anthropocentric path of “human domination” and exploitation of nature, nor the ecocentric path of “returning to the wilderness” and submission to nature. Instead, we must achieve the comprehensive development of humanity through the organic unity of natural value and human value, and the organic unity of “the humanization of nature” and “the naturalization of humanity.” The important discourses on urban construction, rural revitalization, and ecological spatial governance by General Secretary Xi Jinping, included in the *Selected Works*, [9]9 The *Selected Works* refers to the *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Ecological Civilization*, a compilation of his speeches and writings on the topic. all embody the ethical value of “humanity and nature are a community of life.” For example, in *Let the Residents See the Mountains, View the Water, and Remember Their Nostalgia*, it is proposed that “every detail of urban planning and construction must consider the impact on nature, and must not break the natural system”; in *Jointly Pursue Green Life and Build a Beautiful Home Together*, it is pointed out that “we must protect the ecological environment like we protect our own eyes, and treat the ecological environment like we treat life itself”; in *Several Major Relationships That Need to Be Handled Well in Promoting Ecological Progress*, it is emphasized that “we must fully respect and follow nature, give nature sufficient time and space to recuperate and rest, and rely on nature’s own forces to restore ecosystem balance”; and so on. These important ideas provide value guidance and fundamental principles for our deep understanding of the laws of nature’s development and the relationship between humanity and nature, and for promoting the realization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

深化了“和谐共生”的生态伦理观。恩格斯在《自然辩证法》中指出，“我们每走一步都要记住：我们决不像征服者统治异族人那样支配自然界，决不像站在自然界之外的人似的去支配自然界——相反，我们连同我们的肉、血和头脑都是属于自然界和存在于自然界之中的”。一方面，自然界为人类的生存和发展提供了物质和精神前提，“没有自然界，没有感性的外部世界，工人就什么也不能创造”；另一方面，自然界的人化进程是不可避免、不可逆转的，“被抽象地孤立地理解的、被固定为与人分离的自然界，对人说来也是无”。人类通过改造自然的生产劳动实现自身的生存，但自然资源是有限的。当人类对自然资源的开发强度超过自然本身的承载限度时，生态系统的内在平衡性就被打破，从而威胁人类的生存发展。应对人与自然关系失衡的问题，既不能走“人类主宰”、剥削自然的人类中心主义道路，也不能走“回到荒野”、屈从自然的生态中心主义道路，而是要在自然价值与人文价值有机统一、“自然的人化”与“人的自然化”有机统一之中，实现人的全面发展。《文选》收录的习近平总书记关于城市建设、乡村振兴、生态空间治理的相关重要论述，均体现了“人与自然是生命共同体”的伦理价值观。如《让居民望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁》中提出，“城市规划建设的每个细节都要考虑对自然的影响，更不要打破自然系统”；在《共谋绿色生活，共建美丽家园》中指出，“要像保护自己的眼睛一样保护生态环境，像对待生命一样对待生态环境”；在《推进生态文明建设需要处理好几个重大关系》中强调，“充分尊重和顺应自然，给大自然休养生息足够的时间和空间，依靠自然的力量恢复生态系统平衡”；等等。这些重要思想为我们深入理解自然界发展规律以及人与自然的关系，推动实现人与自然和谐共生提供了价值指引和根本遵循。

It has deepened the ecological practice view of “concept first.” Whether a development concept is correct fundamentally determines the effectiveness or even the success or failure of development. At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, [10]10 The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held in October 2015 and adopted the proposal for the 13th Five-Year Plan, where the new development concepts were first formally proposed. the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core put forward the new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing. The important discourses on green development modes and green lifestyles by General Secretary Xi Jinping, included in the *Selected Works*, point the direction for advancing Chinese-path modernization of harmony between humanity and nature and accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, thereby turning advanced concepts into the inner force that truly guides development. General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed that “new quality productive forces are themselves green productive forces,” implementing the concepts of conservation, protection, and low-carbon in the practice of green transformation of the economic development mode, continuously promoting green technological innovation, expanding the green energy industry, and building green, low-carbon industrial clusters; vigorously promoting the revolution in energy consumption, emphasizing the priority of conserving energy resources, and achieving the profound adjustment of the industrial structure by “grasping both ends” of resolving overcapacity and developing low-energy-consumption industries; vigorously promoting the revolution in lifestyles, advocating “simple, moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized, and healthy life concepts and consumption patterns,” and guiding the participation of the whole people in ecological and environmental protection through actions such as the “Clean Plate Campaign,” [11]11 The “Clean Plate Campaign” is a nationwide initiative to reduce food waste, particularly in restaurants and canteens. waste sorting, and the “sharing economy.” Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization breaks through the “binary opposition” between economy and ecology in the Western modernization process, leading China in the New Era onto a path of civilized development that features production development, affluent living, and a sound ecology.

深化了“理念先行”的生态实践观。发展理念是否对头，从根本上决定着发展成效乃至成败。在党的十八届五中全会上，以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念。《文选》收录的习近平总书记关于绿色发展方式和生活方式的一系列重要论述，为推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化，加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型指明了方向，使先进理念真正转化为引领发展的内在力量。习近平总书记创造性地提出“新质生产力本身就是绿色生产力”，将节约、保护、低碳理念落实于经济发展方式的绿色转型实践中，持续推动绿色科技创新、壮大绿色能源产业、构建绿色低碳产业集群；着力推动能源消费革命、强调把节约能源资源放在首位，做到化解产能过剩、发展低能耗产业“两手抓”，实现产业结构的深刻调整；着力推动生活方式革命、倡导“简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活理念和消费方式”，以“光盘行动”、垃圾分类、“共享经济”等引导生态环境保护的全民参与。习近平生态文明思想打破了西方现代化进程中经济与生态“二元对立”的思维局限，引领新时代中国走出一条生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。

It has deepened the ecological holism of “global co-governance.” Humanity has only one Earth. Protecting the ecological environment and promoting sustainable development are the common responsibilities of all countries. The *Selected Works* includes *Jointly Pursue Global Ecological Civilization and Strive to Build a Clean and Beautiful World*, which states: “The international community should work together to pursue the path of global ecological civilization, firmly establish the awareness of respecting, following, and protecting nature, and adhere to the path of green, low-carbon, circular, and sustainable development. In this regard, China has an unshirkable responsibility and will continue to make its own contributions.” Since the New Era, China has firmly fulfilled its solemn commitment to “nationally determined contributions,” fully played the role of a responsible major country, and made important contributions to breaking through geopolitical difficulties and fostering consensus in the international community. The article *Jointly Meet the Challenges of the Times and Promote Global Climate Governance* points out: “China has built the world’s largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system and the world’s largest and most complete new energy industrial chain. China is also the country with the fastest and largest increase in ‘greening’ globally, contributing one-quarter of the world’s newly added green area.” Since the *Paris Agreement* established the global climate governance framework, China has earnestly implemented South-South cooperation in the field of climate change, relying on the Green Belt and Road Initiative International Alliance to support the ecological and environmental protection of developing countries through the extensive circulation of funds, technology, and talent, responding with concrete actions to malicious hype and unwarranted accusations such as the “China model threat theory.” China has demonstrated to the world through concrete actions that, no matter how the international situation changes, China’s actions to actively address climate change will not slow down, its efforts to promote international cooperation will not weaken, and its practice of promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind will not cease.

深化了“全球共治”的生态整体观。人类只有一个地球，保护生态环境、推动可持续发展是各国的共同责任。《文选》收录的《共谋全球生态文明建设之路，努力建设清洁美丽的世界》中提到：“国际社会应该携手同行，共谋全球生态文明建设之路，牢固树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的意识，坚持走绿色、低碳、循环、可持续发展之路。在这方面，中国责无旁贷，将继续作出自己的贡献。”新时代以来，中国坚定落实“国家自主贡献”庄严承诺、充分发挥负责任大国作用，为突破地缘政治困局、促成国际社会共识作出重要贡献。《共迎时代挑战，携手推进全球气候治理》一文指出，“中国构建了全球最大、发展最快的可再生能源体系，建成了全球最大、最完整的新能源产业链。中国还是全球‘增绿’最快最多的国家，贡献了全球四分之一的新增绿色面积”。自《巴黎协定》确立全球气候治理格局以来，中国认真贯彻落实气候变化领域南南合作，依托“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟，以资金、技术、人才的广泛流通支持发展中国家生态环境保护事业，以实际行动回应“中国模式威胁论”等恶意炒作与无端指责。中国以实际行动向世界表明，无论国际形势如何变化，中国积极应对气候变化的行动不会放缓，促进国际合作的努力不会减弱，推动构建人类命运共同体的实践不会停歇。

III. Striving to Write a New Chapter in Ecological Civilization Construction in the New Era

三、奋力谱写新时代生态文明建设新篇章

Currently, China’s ecological civilization construction is still in a critical period of superimposed pressures and heavy burdens. We should, in conjunction with studying the *Selected Works*, deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, place the construction of a Beautiful China in a prominent position for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation, support high-quality development with a high-quality ecological environment, and make our motherland’s skies bluer, mountains greener, water clearer, and environment more beautiful.

当前，我国生态文明建设仍处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期。我们应结合学习《文选》，深入学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想，把建设美丽中国摆在强国建设、民族复兴的突出位置，以高品质生态环境支撑高质量发展，让我们的祖国天更蓝、山更绿、水更清、环境更优美。

Uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Building a Beautiful China is an important goal of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and we must uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership.” It is necessary to improve the working mechanism of central coordination, provincial responsibility, and city and county implementation; establish and improve the “responsibility fulfillment—assessment—supervision” responsibility system for ecological governance; consolidate the “Party and government share responsibility, one post with dual responsibilities” for ecological and environmental protection; implement the assessment mechanism of “rewards for fulfilling duties, accountability for dereliction of duties”; continuously exert the sharp sword role of supervision; and maintain normalized external pressure with the strictest system and the strictest rule of law. Party committees and governments at all levels, as the first responsible persons for ecological and environmental protection in their respective administrative regions, should coordinate and implement the ecological and environmental governance responsibilities of competent departments at all levels, proactively care for and support the building of the ecological and environmental protection team, and stimulate the endogenous driving force of ecological governance with the political character of daring to take responsibility, daring to bear responsibility, and being good at accountability, thereby promoting the implementation and effectiveness of the Party Central Committee’s decisions and deployments on the construction of a Beautiful China.

坚持和加强党的全面领导。习近平总书记指出：“建设美丽中国是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重要目标，必须坚持和加强党的全面领导。”必须完善中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制，建立健全生态治理“履责—考评—督察”责任体系，压实生态环境保护“党政同责、一岗双责”，落实“尽职必奖励，失职必追究”的考评机制，持续发挥督察利剑作用，以最严格制度、最严密法治保持常态化外部压力。各级党委和政府作为本行政区域生态环境保护的第一责任人，应协调好、落实好各级主管部门的生态环境治理责任，主动关心、支持生态环境保护队伍建设，以敢于负责、勇于担责、善于问责的政治品格，激发生态治理的内生动力，推动党中央关于美丽中国建设的决策部署落地见效。

Accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. Promoting the greening and low-carbon transition of economic and social development is a key link in achieving high-quality development. Firmly establish the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, integrate the requirements of green transformation into the overall economic and social development, advance green transformation in all respects, across all fields, and throughout all regions, and build a community of life for humanity and nature. Fully consider the actual development conditions of different regions and industries, adhere to the combination of coordinated advancement and breakthroughs in key areas, scientifically set the timetable, roadmap, and construction blueprint for green transformation, and encourage regions and industries with the right conditions to explore first. Strengthen scientific and technological innovation, policy and institutional innovation, and business model innovation that support green transformation, advance the green and low-carbon technological revolution, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, improve the institutional system for ecological civilization, and provide stronger innovation momentum and institutional guarantees for green transformation. Coordinate and handle the relationships between development and emission reduction, the whole and the parts, the present and the long term, and the government and the market, properly prevent and resolve internal and external risks and challenges facing green transformation, effectively ensure food and energy security and the security of industrial and supply chains, and better safeguard the production and daily life of the people. Vigorously advocate simple and moderate, green and low-carbon, civilized and healthy lifestyles and consumption patterns, widely mobilize parks, enterprises, communities, schools, families, and individuals to take active action, and make green travel, water and electricity conservation, the “clean plate campaign,”[12]12 The “clean plate campaign” (光盘行动) is a nationwide initiative in China to reduce food waste by encouraging people to finish the food on their plates. and waste sorting become habits, forming a social atmosphere where everyone, in every matter, at all times, and in every place, upholds ecological civilization.

加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型。推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化是实现高质量发展的关键环节。牢固树立绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，将绿色转型的要求融入经济社会发展全局，全方位、全领域、全地域推进绿色转型，构建人与自然生命共同体。充分考虑不同地区、不同行业的发展实际，坚持统筹推进与重点突破相结合，科学设定绿色转型的时间表、路线图、施工图，鼓励有条件的地区和行业先行探索。强化支撑绿色转型的科技创新、政策制度创新、商业模式创新，推进绿色低碳科技革命，因地制宜发展新质生产力，完善生态文明制度体系，为绿色转型提供更强创新动能和制度保障。统筹处理好发展和减排、整体和局部、当前和长远、政府和市场的关系，妥善防范化解绿色转型面临的内外部风险挑战，切实保障粮食能源安全、产业链供应链安全，更好保障人民群众生产生活。大力倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活理念和消费方式，广泛动员园区、企业、社区、学校、家庭和个人积极行动起来，让绿色出行、节水节电、“光盘行动”、垃圾分类等成为习惯，形成人人、事事、时时、处处崇尚生态文明的社会氛围。

Providing Chinese solutions for global ecological governance. As an important participant, leader, and contributor to global ecological civilization construction, China actively promotes “North-South dialogue” on climate governance, continuously deepens “South-South cooperation,” steadily strengthens the construction of the “Green Silk Road,” and fosters a global ecological governance pattern of shared interests, shared rights, and shared responsibilities. Deepen international cooperation in areas such as green and low-carbon development, environmental protection, energy transition, and climate change response, and provide more support to countries of the “Global South” in terms of funding, technology, and capacity building. Support the United Nations in enhancing its capacity to intervene in international environmental governance affairs, and safeguard the discourse power and influence of developing countries in global ecological governance through the United Nations. Actively participate in various processes of global ecological and environmental governance represented by climate change governance, comprehensively and effectively implement the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,[13]13 The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is a landmark international agreement adopted at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity in 2022, setting global targets for biodiversity conservation. strengthen exchanges on issues such as biodiversity protection and climate change response, and promote the improvement of global ecological governance.

为全球生态治理提供中国方案。中国作为全球生态文明建设的重要参与者、引领者、贡献者，积极推动气候治理“南北对话”，持续深化“南南合作”，不断加强“绿色丝绸之路”建设，打造利益共生、权利共享、责任共担的全球生态治理格局。深入推进绿色低碳、环境保护、能源转型、应对气候变化等领域国际合作，在资金、技术、能力建设等方面为“全球南方”国家提供更多支持。支持联合国增强干预国际环境治理事务的能力，通过联合国保障广大发展中国家全球生态治理话语权和影响力。积极参与以气候变化治理为代表的全球生态环境治理的各项进程，全面有效落实《巴黎协定》和《昆明—蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》，就保护生物多样性、应对气候变化等议题加强交流，推动完善全球生态治理。

(Author: Secretary of the Party Committee and Professor of the School of Marxism, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)

（作者：南京航空航天大学马克思主义学院党委书记、教授）