Guiding Great Practice with Scientific Theory – Studying and Applying the *Study Q&A on Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought* Well

Not long ago, the

前不久，《习近平经济思想学习问答》（以下简称《问答》）一书出版发行。这是继《习近平经济思想学习纲要》《习近平经济文选》第一卷等著作后，又一部深入学习贯彻习近平经济思想的重要辅助读物。“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期，“十五五”规划纲要明确要求“坚持以经济建设为中心”。伟大实践需要科学理论正确指引、凝心聚力。《问答》有助于帮助广大党员、干部、群众更加深入学习领会党的创新理论，更加自觉用以武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作。我们要学好用好《问答》，切实把科学理论转化为推动经济高质量发展的强大力量。

Reflecting a More Systematic and Complete Theoretical System

反映更加系统完备的理论体系

Xi Jinping’s economic thought is a systematic theoretical generalization of the practical experience of China’s economic development in the New Era, and is a scientific theoretical system with rich connotations and rigorous logic. Marx and Engels pointed out that “the real content of all epoch-making systems arises from the needs of the period that produced them.” In the great practice of guiding China’s economy to overcome difficulties and achieve sustained development, Xi Jinping’s economic thought has continuously enriched and developed, and the Study Q&A reflects that this scientific theoretical system has become more systematic and complete.

习近平经济思想是对新时代我国经济发展实践经验的系统化理论概括，是一个内涵丰富、逻辑严谨的科学理论体系。马克思、恩格斯指出，“一切划时代的体系的真正的内容都是由于产生这些体系的那个时期的需要而形成起来的”。在指引中国经济攻坚克难、持续发展的伟大实践中，习近平经济思想不断丰富发展，《问答》反映出这一科学理论体系更加系统完备。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has engaged in profound reflection and systematic exposition on a series of major theoretical and practical issues concerning economic development in the New Era. During the 28th collective study session of the 18th Central Committee Political Bureau in 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “We must base ourselves on our national conditions and our development practice, deeply study the new situations and new problems facing the world economy and our country’s economy, reveal new characteristics and new laws, refine and summarize the regular achievements of our country’s economic development practice, and elevate practical experience into a systematized economic theory.” The Outline for the Study of Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought, published in 2022, organizes the basic content of Xi Jinping’s economic thought into thirteen aspects: strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over economic work is the fundamental guarantee for China’s economic development; adhering to a people-centered development thought is the fundamental stance of China’s economic development; entering a new stage of development is the historical orientation of China’s economic development; adhering to the new development philosophy is the guiding principle of China’s economic development; constructing a new development pattern is the path choice for China’s economic development; promoting high-quality development is the distinctive theme of China’s economic development; upholding and improving the basic socialist economic system is the institutional foundation of China’s economic development; adhering to a problem-oriented approach in deploying and implementing major national development strategies is the strategic measure for China’s economic development; adhering to innovation-driven development is the primary driving force of China’s economic development; vigorously developing manufacturing and the real economy is the main focus of China’s economic development; unswervingly and comprehensively expanding opening up is an important magic weapon for China’s economic development; coordinating development and security is an important guarantee for China’s economic development; and adhering to correct work strategies and methods is the methodology for doing economic work well.

习近平总书记对关系新时代经济发展的一系列重大理论和实践问题进行深邃思考和系统阐述。在2015年十八届中央政治局第二十八次集体学习时，习近平总书记指出，“我们要立足我国国情和我们的发展实践，深入研究世界经济和我国经济面临的新情况新问题，揭示新特点新规律，提炼和总结我国经济发展实践的规律性成果，把实践经验上升为系统化的经济学说”。2022年出版的《习近平经济思想学习纲要》将习近平经济思想的基本内容梳理归纳为十三个方面：加强党对经济工作的全面领导，是我国经济发展的根本保证；坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，是我国经济发展的根本立场；进入新发展阶段，是我国经济发展的历史方位；坚持新发展理念，是我国经济发展的指导原则；构建新发展格局，是我国经济发展的路径选择；推动高质量发展，是我国经济发展的鲜明主题；坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，是我国经济发展的制度基础；坚持问题导向部署实施国家重大发展战略，是我国经济发展的战略举措；坚持创新驱动发展，是我国经济发展的第一动力；大力发展制造业和实体经济，是我国经济发展的主要着力点；坚定不移全面扩大开放，是我国经济发展的重要法宝；统筹发展和安全，是我国经济发展的重要保障；坚持正确工作策略和方法，是做好经济工作的方法论。

The Study Q&A revolves around these basic contents, with the entire book divided into 14 chapters, demonstrating that the theoretical system of Xi Jinping’s economic thought is becoming increasingly complete. In the setting of specific questions, it incorporates and supplements the latest achievements of Xi Jinping’s economic thought. For example, in the chapter “Entering a New Stage of Development,” questions such as “How to grasp the six major relationships in comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization” and “How to understand that our country’s development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexist, with increasing uncertainties and unpredictable factors” are set, reflecting the analysis and judgment of the new situation facing China’s economic development, providing guidance for doing our economic work well in the current and future periods. In the chapter “Upholding and Improving the Basic Socialist Economic System,” the question “What key points need to be grasped in building a high-level socialist market economy system” is set, clarifying the principal contradiction to be grasped and the key tasks to be undertaken in building a high-level socialist market economy system, which helps to better stimulate the endogenous driving force and innovation vitality of the whole society. In the chapter “Adhering to Innovation-Driven Development,” the question “How to understand that the salient feature of new quality productive forces is innovation” is set, elucidating the important characteristics, basic connotations, and core markers of new quality productive forces, which helps to deepen the understanding of the laws governing the development of productive forces and provides solid theoretical support for further liberating and developing productive forces under new historical conditions.

《问答》围绕这些基本内容，全书分为14章，展现出习近平经济思想理论体系日趋完备。在具体问题的设置上，吸纳补充了习近平经济思想的最新成果。比如，在“进入新发展阶段”一章中设置“如何把握以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的六方面重大关系”“如何理解我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期”等问题，体现了对于我国经济发展面临的新形势的分析判断，为我们做好当前和今后一个时期的经济工作提供了遵循。在“坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度”一章中设置了“构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制需要把握哪些重点”，明确了构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制需要抓住的主要矛盾、把握的重点任务，有助于更好激发全社会内生动力和创新活力。在“坚持创新驱动发展”一章中设置了“如何理解新质生产力的显著特点是创新”，阐明了新质生产力的重要特征、基本内涵、核心标志等，有助于深化对生产力发展规律的认识，为在新的历史条件下进一步解放和发展生产力提供了坚实理论支撑。

Demonstrating Deeper and Richer Theoretical Connotations

展现更加深刻丰富的理论内涵

Xi Jinping’s economic thought has a distinct scientific character. It is a systematic theoretical generalization of the practice of economic development in the New Era, proposing a series of new concepts and new categories, forming a number of original theoretical achievements, and profoundly answering the questions of the times, the people, and history concerning China’s economic development. The Study Q&A focuses on theoretical hot spots and difficult points, using a question-and-answer format to concretely present the core essence and rich connotations of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, reflecting our Party’s deepening understanding of the laws governing socialist economic construction.

习近平经济思想具有鲜明的科学性，是对新时代经济发展实践作出的系统理论概括，提出了一系列新概念、新范畴，形成了一批具有原创性的理论成果，深刻回答了我国经济发展的时代之问、人民之问、历史之问。《问答》聚焦理论热点难点，以问答体的形式，具体展现习近平经济思想的核心要义、丰富内涵等，体现了我们党对社会主义经济建设规律认识的深化。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “The scientific nature and revolutionary character of Marxist theory originate from the scientific world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, providing us with a powerful ideological weapon for understanding and transforming the world, and pointing out the correct direction for world socialism.” Xi Jinping’s economic thought adheres to the basic principles and methods of Marxist political economy, systematically answers major questions such as the historical orientation, guiding principles, and path choices of China’s economic development in the New Era, and achieves a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the realm of Marxist political economy at the theoretical level. For example, it enriches and develops the Marxist political economy theory on the relationship between economy and politics, creatively proposing to strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over economic work; it enriches and develops the Marxist theory on the purpose of socialist production, creatively proposing to adhere to a people-centered development thought; it enriches and develops the Marxist theory on productive forces and relations of production, creatively proposing new viewpoints, new theses, and new requirements such as the new development philosophy, the new development pattern, high-quality development, and new quality productive forces; and so on. The Study Q&A presents these theoretical innovation achievements in an easily accessible way.

习近平总书记指出，“马克思主义理论的科学性和革命性源于辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的科学世界观和方法论，为我们认识世界、改造世界提供了强大思想武器，为世界社会主义指明了正确前进方向”。习近平经济思想坚持马克思主义政治经济学基本原理和方法，系统回答新时代我国经济发展的历史方位、指导原则、路径选择等重大问题，在理论层面实现了马克思主义政治经济学中国化时代化的新飞跃。比如，丰富发展了马克思主义政治经济学关于经济和政治关系的理论，创造性提出加强党对经济工作的全面领导；丰富发展了马克思主义关于社会主义生产目的的理论，创造性提出坚持以人民为中心的发展思想；丰富发展了马克思主义关于生产力和生产关系的理论，创造性提出新发展理念、新发展格局、高质量发展、新质生产力等新观点新论断新要求；等等。《问答》将这些理论创新成果用易于接受的方式呈现出来。

The extraordinary achievements in China’s economic and social development since the New Era demonstrate the truth power and practical force of Xi Jinping’s economic thought. Under the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, China has effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, seized the opportunities of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, continuously promoted high-quality economic and social development, and elevated its economic strength, technological strength, and comprehensive national power to new heights. China’s total economic output increased from 53.9 trillion yuan in 2012 to 140.19 trillion yuan in 2025, and its average annual contribution to world economic growth during the 14th Five-Year Plan period remained around 30%. Scientific and technological innovation has yielded fruitful results. China currently has the world’s largest R&D workforce, and its R&D and application in fields such as artificial intelligence, biomedicine, robotics, and quantum technology are at the world’s leading level. The industrial structure has been continuously optimized, with high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing performing prominently. In 2025, the annual production of new energy vehicles exceeded 16 million units, and the number of electric vehicle charging facilities surpassed 20 million. We won the largest battle against poverty in human history, historically solved the problem of absolute poverty, and made significant contributions to the global cause of poverty reduction. Through detailed texts, data, pictures, and vivid specific cases, the Study Q&A fully demonstrates the achievements in China’s economic and social development, providing vivid footnotes for Xi Jinping’s economic thought in guiding high-quality development.

新时代以来我国经济社会发展取得的非凡成就展现了习近平经济思想的真理力量和实践伟力。在习近平经济思想的科学引领下，我国有效应对一系列重大风险挑战，抢抓新一轮科技革命和产业变革机遇，不断推动经济社会高质量发展，经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新台阶。我国经济总量从2012年的53.9万亿元提升到2025年的140.19万亿元，“十四五”时期对世界经济增长的年均贡献率保持在30%左右。科技创新取得丰硕成果，我国目前拥有全球规模最大的研发人员队伍，人工智能、生物医药、机器人、量子科技等领域研发应用在世界上处于领先水平。产业结构持续优化，高技术制造业、装备制造业表现亮眼，2025年新能源汽车年产量超过1600万辆，电动汽车充电设施突破2000万个。我们打赢了人类历史上规模最大的脱贫攻坚战，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，为全球减贫事业作出重大贡献。《问答》通过详实的文字、数据、图片以及生动具体的案例，充分展现出我国经济社会发展取得的成就，为习近平经济思想引领高质量发展提供了生动注脚。

Running Through Problem Awareness and Practice Orientation

贯穿问题意识和实践导向

Practicality is a distinctive character of Xi Jinping’s economic thought. Xi Jinping’s economic thought is an action guide for doing economic work well in the New Era, and a powerful ideological weapon to help us consciously understand and better follow the laws of economic development, and to promote the high-quality development of China’s economy.

实践性是习近平经济思想的鲜明品格。习近平经济思想是新时代做好经济工作的行动指南，是帮助我们自觉认识和更好遵循经济发展规律、推动我国经济高质量发展的强大思想武器。

The *Study Q&A* adheres to a problem-oriented consciousness and profoundly elucidates a series of major practical issues. Xi Jinping’s economic thought is broad and profound, involving all aspects of productive forces and relations of production, the economic base and the superstructure, and covering all links of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption. It profoundly answers many major theoretical and practical questions that the classical Marxist writers never discussed, that our predecessors never encountered, and that Western economic theory has always been unable to resolve. The *Study Q&A* contains 50 questions in total, many of which are grounded in how to solve practical problems in economic and social development. It is close to practice, explains things in a simple and clear way, and provides intellectual wisdom for solving practical problems.

《问答》坚持问题意识，深刻阐述了一系列重大实践问题。习近平经济思想博大精深，涉及生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑等各个方面，涵盖生产、分配、交换、消费等各个环节，深刻回答了马克思主义经典作家没有讲过、我们的前人从未遇到过、西方经济理论始终无法解决的许多重大理论和现实问题。《问答》全书共有50个问题，许多都落脚在如何解决经济社会发展的现实问题，贴近实践，讲解深入浅出，为解决现实问题提供了思想智慧。

The *Study Q&A* helps to deepen and solidify the study and education on establishing and practicing a correct outlook on political performance. This year marks the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan [n1]. The Party Central Committee has decided to carry out study and education on establishing and practicing a correct outlook on political performance across the entire Party. This is crucial for implementing the strategic deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee [n2] and ensuring decisive progress in basically realizing socialist modernization. Whether the outlook on political performance and the outlook on development are correct determines the effectiveness or even the success or failure of development. Regarding the new development philosophy, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Party committees and governments at all levels must firmly grasp the new development philosophy to promote development, concentrate attention on solving various problems of imbalance and inadequacy, and must never return to the old path of simply judging heroes by GDP growth rate, must never return to the practice of so-called development at the cost of destroying the environment, and even less return to the model of extensive development.” Regarding high-quality development, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “High-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in all respects, and adhering to high-quality development must become an important part of the outlook on political performance of leading cadres.” The current problems of deviation in the outlook on political performance in the economic field largely stem from the fact that some leading cadres have not deeply studied and implemented

《问答》有助于推动树立和践行正确政绩观学习教育走深走实。今年是中国共产党成立105周年，是“十五五”开局之年，党中央决定在全党开展树立和践行正确政绩观学习教育，这对于贯彻落实党的二十届四中全会战略部署、确保基本实现社会主义现代化取得决定性进展至关重要。政绩观、发展观是否对头，决定着发展的成效乃至成败。围绕新发展理念，习近平总书记指出，“各级党委和政府必须紧紧扭住新发展理念推动发展，把注意力集中到解决各种不平衡不充分的问题上来，决不能再回到简单以国内生产总值增长率论英雄的老路上去，决不能再回到以破坏环境为代价搞所谓发展的做法上去，更不能再回到粗放式发展的模式上去”。围绕高质量发展，习近平总书记指出，“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，坚持高质量发展要成为领导干部政绩观的重要内容”。当前经济领域存在的政绩观偏差问题，很大程度上源于部分领导干部没有深入学习贯彻习近平经济思想，没有自觉地用习近平经济思想武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作。《问答》将成为树立和践行正确政绩观学习教育的有益参考教材，为不断开创经济社会发展新局面提供宝贵思想启迪。

(The authors are research fellows at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.)

（作者系中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员）