The Logical Thread of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on National Development Strategy and Planning in the New Era

National development strategy and planning are the action programs of national governance, and also the guarantee and foundation for sustained and healthy economic and social development. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Strategic issues are fundamental issues for a political party and a country. If strategic judgments are accurate, strategic planning is scientific, and strategic initiative is seized, the cause of the Party and the people will have great hope.” “Scientific planning is the greatest benefit, mistaken planning is the greatest waste, and capricious planning is the greatest taboo.” The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party deliberated and adopted the *Proposals of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development* (hereinafter referred to as the *Proposals*), drawing a clear blueprint for development for the next five years. How to comprehensively understand the national development strategy and planning in the New Era, and how to scientifically grasp the profound meaning of the “15th Five-Year Plan,” has become a major theoretical and practical issue urgently needing resolution. To clarify these issues, one must deeply comprehend the policy orientation and strategic intent of the *Proposals*, and even more so, make a comprehensive interpretation of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era.

国家发展战略与规划是国家治理的行动纲领，也是经济社会持续健康发展的保障和依托。习近平总书记指出：“战略问题是一个政党、一个国家的根本性问题。战略上判断得准确，战略上谋划得科学，战略上赢得主动，党和人民事业就大有希望。”“规划科学是最大效益，规划失误是最大浪费，规划折腾是最大忌讳。”党的二十届四中全会审议并通过了《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》(以下简称《建议》),为未来五年擘画了清晰的发展蓝图。究竟如何全方位认识新时代的国家发展战略与规划，如何科学把握“十五五”规划的内涵深意，成为当前亟待破解的重大理论和现实问题。理清这些问题，要深入领会《建议》的政策导向和战略意图，更要对习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述作出全方位解读。

I. The Generative Logic of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on National Development Strategy and Planning in the New Era

一、习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的生成逻辑

A national development strategy is the overall approach adopted by a state to achieve its general goals. A national development plan is the process and practice of making systematic and phased arrangements for development in areas such as the economy, society, and culture, in order to realize the strategic goals of the state. The development strategy provides the overall direction for the formulation and implementation of the development plan, while the development plan constitutes the carrier of the development strategy; the two are closely linked. Adhering to the use of development strategies and “using medium- and long-term planning to guide economic and social development is an important way our Party governs the country.” Since the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the work of national development strategy and planning. On the basis of inheriting and innovating the state theory and social development theory of the classical Marxist writers, summarizing and passing on the historical experience of the Communist Party of China in leading national development strategy and planning work, and responding to the international and domestic situation of the New Era and the Party’s mission and tasks, he has put forward a series of innovative concepts concerning national development strategy and planning, which are profound in meaning.

国家发展战略，即国家为实现总目标而采用的总体方略。国家发展规划，则是国家为实现战略目标，对经济、社会、文化等领域发展作出系统性、阶段性安排的过程与实践。发展战略为发展规划的制定实施提供了整体方向，发展规划则构成发展战略的载体，二者紧密相连。坚持用发展战略和“用中长期规划指导经济社会发展是我们党治国理政的一种重要方式”。新时代以来，习近平总书记高度重视国家发展战略与规划工作，在继承创新马克思主义经典作家的国家学说与社会发展理论、传承总结中国共产党领导国家发展战略与规划工作的历史经验，以及回应新时代国际国内形势和党的使命任务基础上，提出了一系列关于国家发展战略与规划的创新理念，意蕴深远。

1. Theoretical Level: Inheritance and Innovation of the Classical Marxist Writers’ State Theory and Social Development Theory

1.理论层面：对马克思主义经典作家国家学说与社会发展理论的继承与创新

In the 19th century, Marx and Engels, based on historical materialism, profoundly expounded on propositions such as the nature of the state and the development of social production. On the one hand, they revealed the nature and historical limitations of the capitalist state and its system. Marx and Engels believed that although the capitalist state and its system had progressive significance, in essence they were tools for the bourgeoisie to safeguard its own interests. The fundamental contradiction of capitalist society is the contradiction between socialized production and the capitalist private ownership of the means of production, which keeps the entire social production in a constant state of anarchy, leading to periodic economic crises. On the other hand, they scientifically elucidated the importance of the proletariat organizing social production in a planned manner. Marx and Engels believed that to overcome the inherent contradictions and crises of capitalism, it was necessary to smash the bourgeois state machine and realize the dictatorship of the proletariat. Thus, “the anarchy of social production within will be replaced by a planned, conscious organization.” “Only a society that coordinates the distribution of its productive forces according to a single, unified plan can enable industry to be distributed throughout the country in a way most suitable for its own development and for the maintenance or development of other elements of production.” Moreover, they made long-term plans for the future, demanding that communists “represent the future of the movement within the current movement,” and ultimately realize the association of free individuals by unifying short-term goals and long-term goals.

19世纪，马克思恩格斯基于唯物史观对国家本质和社会生产发展等命题进行了深刻阐释。一方面，他们揭示了资本主义国家及其制度的本质与历史局限性。马克思恩格斯认为，资本主义国家及其制度虽有其进步意义，但本质上是资产阶级维护自身利益的工具。资本主义社会的基本矛盾是生产社会化和生产资料资本主义私人占有之间的矛盾，使整个社会生产始终处于无政府状态，导致了周期性经济危机的爆发。另一方面，他们科学阐明了无产阶级有计划地组织社会生产的重要性。马克思恩格斯认为，要克服资本主义的固有矛盾和危机，就必须打碎资产阶级国家机器，实现无产阶级专政。由此，“社会生产内部的无政府状态将为有计划的自觉的组织所代替”。“只有按照一个统一的大的计划协调地配置自己的生产力的社会，才能使工业在全国分布得最适合于它自身的发展和其他生产要素的保持或发展。”不仅如此，他们还面向未来作出了长远规划，要求共产党人“在当前的运动中同时代表运动的未来”,通过统一近期目标和远大目标，最终实现自由人联合体。

After the victory of the October Revolution, in the practice of building Soviet socialism, Lenin put forward more complete and specific national development strategies and planning schemes. In terms of goal definition, in response to the poverty and backwardness of the time, Lenin made the famous judgment that “Communism is Soviet power plus the electrification of the whole country,” and regarded it as the “second Party program” to promote the transformation of Russia from an agricultural country to an industrial one. In terms of process unfolding, Lenin advocated achieving an all-round advancement of national development strategy and planning through coordination across various fields. For example, in *On the Unified Economic Plan*, Lenin made systematic plans from aspects such as fuel supply, agricultural transformation, and industrial layout. At the guarantee level, Lenin emphasized the key role of institutional mechanisms in the implementation of the Soviet socialist development strategy and plan. In Lenin’s view, “any plan is a measure, a criterion,” so the authority and scientific nature of the institutional mechanism must be maintained in practice. For instance, by granting legislative functions to the State Planning Commission, guarantees were provided for optimizing decision-making. In 1921, the Soviet Russian government promulgated the *Decree on Replacing the Surplus Appropriation System with a Tax in Kind* to stimulate the initiative in social production. Lenin’s scheme for national development strategy and planning not only laid the foundation for the start of the Soviet Union’s Five-Year Plans for national economic development, but also had a profound impact on the development of other socialist countries.

十月革命胜利后，在苏维埃社会主义建设实践中，列宁提出了更加完整且具体的国家发展战略和规划方案。在目标界定上，针对当时贫穷落后的局面，列宁作出“共产主义就是苏维埃政权加全国电气化”的著名论断，并将其视为“第二个党纲”,以推动俄国从农业国向工业国转变。在过程展开上，列宁主张通过各领域协同来实现国家发展战略与规划的全方位推进。如在《论统一的经济计划》中，列宁就从燃料供应、农业改造和工业布局等多个方面展开了系统性谋划。在保障层面上，列宁强调制度机制在苏维埃社会主义发展战略与规划实施中的关键作用。在列宁看来，“任何计划都是尺度、准则”,因此必须在实践中保持制度机制的权威性和科学性。如通过赋予国家计划委员会立法职能，为优化决策提供保障。1921年，苏俄政府通过颁布《关于以实物税代替余粮收集制》来激发社会生产积极性。列宁关于国家发展战略与规划的方案，不仅为苏联国民经济发展五年计划的开启奠定了基础，也对其他社会主义国家的发展产生了深远影响。

From Marx and Engels’ definition and division of the nature of the state and stages of social development, to Lenin’s planning and exploration of Soviet socialist construction, these intellectual resources not only provide solid theoretical support for the formulation and implementation of China’s development strategy and planning in the New Era, but also endow China’s development strategy and planning in the New Era with a distinct people-centered character. Precisely based on this, the *Proposals* lists “Marxism-Leninism” and others as the guiding ideology for economic and social development during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period.

从马克思恩格斯对国家本质和社会发展阶段的界定与划分，到列宁对苏维埃社会主义建设的规划与探索，这些思想资源不仅为新时代我国发展战略与规划的制定和实施提供了坚实的理论支撑，也赋予了新时代我国发展战略与规划鲜明的人民底色。正基于此，《建议》将“马克思列宁主义”等列为“十五五”时期经济社会发展的指导思想。

2. Historical Level: Inheritance and Deepening of the Communist Party of China’s Leadership in National Development Strategy and Planning Work

2.历史层面：对中国共产党领导国家发展战略与规划工作的传承与深化

Adhering to the use of development strategy and planning to set direction and guide the course is a distinctive feature of the Communist Party of China’s governance. Under the strong leadership of the Party, from the “1st Five-Year Plan” to the “5th Five-Year Plan,” China established a strategic policy of prioritizing the development of heavy industry, initially forming an independent and complete industrial system. In response to problems such as economic structural imbalance, during the “6th Five-Year Plan” period, the Party Central Committee timely adjusted the strategy and focused on promoting economic system reform. In 1987, Deng Xiaoping proposed the “three-step” development strategy and systematically elaborated on the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, clarifying the direction for China’s modernization. From the “7th Five-Year Plan” to the “9th Five-Year Plan” period, with the continuous deepening of reforms in various fields of the country, the Party Central Committee successively proposed major strategies such as sustainable development, rejuvenating the country through science and education, and the large-scale development of the western region, promoting rapid economic development in China. Thereafter, from the “10th Five-Year Plan” to the “12th Five-Year Plan,” the Party Central Committee further promoted the optimization of China’s economic structure and the transformation of the economic development mode.

坚持用发展战略与规划领航定向是中国共产党治国理政的鲜明特征。在党的坚强领导下，从“一五”计划到“五五”计划，我国确立起重工业优先发展的战略方针，初步形成了独立完整的工业体系。针对经济结构失衡等问题，“六五”计划期间，党中央适时调整战略，着力推进经济体制改革。1987年，邓小平提出了“三步走”发展战略，并对社会主义初级阶段的基本路线作出系统阐述，为我国现代化建设明确了方向。“七五”计划到“九五”计划期间，随着国家各领域改革的不断深化，党中央又相继提出了可持续发展、科教兴国和西部大开发等重大战略，推动我国经济快速发展。此后，从“十五”计划到“十二五”规划，党中央进一步推动了我国经济结构的优化和经济发展方式的转变。

In leading the work of national development strategy and planning, the Communist Party of China has gradually formed a practical path based on national conditions and advancing with the times, and has also accumulated rich historical experience, such as: must always unswervingly adhere to the overall leadership of the Party; national development strategy and planning must match national conditions and national strength; must pay attention to the continuity and stability of strategic planning, etc. This experience has not only promoted the prosperity and progress of the country, but also provided a historical mirror for the enrichment and improvement of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era.

中国共产党在领导国家发展战略与规划工作上逐步形成了一条立足国情、与时俱进的实践路径，也积累了丰富的历史经验，如必须始终坚持党的全面领导不动摇、国家发展战略与规划必须同国情国力相匹配、必须注重战略规划的连续性稳定性等。这些经验不仅推动了国家的繁荣进步，也为习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的丰富与完善提供了历史镜鉴。

3. Practical Level: Grasping and Sublimating the International and Domestic Situation of the New Era and the Party’s Mission and Tasks

3.实践层面：对新时代国际国内形势以及我们党使命任务的把握与升华

On the one hand, the stage-specific features of the New Era and the new historical orientation have driven the deepening and development of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era. From the perspective of the domestic situation, the New Era has ushered in a historic leap from “becoming prosperous” to “becoming strong,” and the principal contradiction in Chinese society has undergone a fundamental transformation. This requires the Party Central Committee to make corresponding changes in national development strategy and planning, in order to resolve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development and continuously meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. From the perspective of the international situation, since the beginning of the New Era, in the face of the accelerated evolution of changes unseen in a century, the continuous rise of unilateralism and protectionism, and the rapid rise of Global South countries, the Party Central Committee needs to make innovations and upgrades in national development strategy and planning, thereby gaining the initiative in fierce competition. On the other hand, the mission and tasks of the New Era have driven the deepening and development of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning. Advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese-path modernization is the central task of the Party and the country on the new journey of the New Era. To accomplish this task, it is necessary not only to adhere unwaveringly to the Party’s basic line but also to “vigorously promote theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation, and innovation in all other areas on the basis of practice.” [1]1 The “three-step” development strategy: Proposed by Deng Xiaoping in 1987, it outlined China’s modernization goals: first, doubling the 1980 GNP and ensuring adequate food and clothing by 1990; second, doubling the 1990 GNP and achieving a relatively comfortable standard of living by 2000; third, reaching the level of moderately developed countries by the mid-21st century, with basic modernization achieved. Consequently, the development of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning is also the result of continuous reflection and innovation based on the situation and tasks of the New Era.

一方面，新时代的阶段性特征和全新的历史方位推动了习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的深化发展。从国内形势看，新时代迎来了从“富起来”到“强起来”的历史性跨越，我国社会主要矛盾亦发生了根本转变，需要党中央在国家发展战略与规划上作出相应改变，以破解不平衡不充分的发展难题，不断满足人民美好生活需要。从国际形势看，新时代以来，面对世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，单边主义和保护主义不断抬头，全球南方国家快速崛起等，党中央需要在国家发展战略与规划上作出创新升级，从而在激烈的竞争中赢得主动。另一方面，新时代的使命任务推动了习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的深化发展。以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，是新时代新征程党和国家的中心任务。实现这一任务既要坚持党的基本路线不动摇，也要“大力推进实践基础上的理论创新、制度创新、文化创新以及其他各方面创新”。由此，习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的发展，也是基于新时代形势和任务不断进行思考与创新的结果。

II. The Theoretical Framework of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on National Development Strategy and Planning in the New Era

二、习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的理论架构

Since the beginning of the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has advanced the work of national development strategy and planning, emphasizing both historical inheritance and keeping pace with the times, both overall planning and focusing on key issues. He has systematically elucidated the connotative structure, practical orientation, and implementation pathways of national development strategy and planning in the New Era. In summary, these important discourses contain three basic aspects.

新时代以来，习近平总书记推进国家发展战略与规划工作，既注重历史传承，又坚持与时俱进，既注重统筹全局，又聚焦关键问题，对新时代国家发展战略与规划的内涵架构、实践指向与实施路径等进行了系统性阐释。概言之，这些重要论述包含了三方面基本内容。

1. Theory of Connotation: The Architecture System of National Development Strategy and Planning in the New Era

1.理论内涵论：关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的架构体系

An analysis of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era can be systematically summarized through the following “three diagrams.”

分析习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述，可通过以下“三张图”作出系统概括。

First, the overall roadmap: from the “Two Centenary Goals” to the “Two-Step” strategic arrangement, constructing the overall coordinates of national development strategy and planning in the New Era. Since the beginning of the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s construction of national development strategy and planning began with continuing the “Two Centenary Goals” [2]2 The "two-step" strategic arrangement refers to the plan to basically realize socialist modernization by 2035, and to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century. for struggle. He demanded the strengthening of Party building to provide a strong guarantee for achieving the “Two Centenary Goals.” In the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the “two stages” and “two-step” strategic arrangement for the New Era. [3]3 The *Proposal* refers to the *CPC Central Committee's Proposal on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035*. In the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, he further refined the definition of the “two-step” strategy for the New Era, clarifying the target orientations for the periods 2020–2035 and 2035–the mid-21st century. [4]4 This phrase criticizes the common problem where plans are made but not implemented, remaining mere formalities. From the “Two Centenary Goals” and the “two stages” to the “two-step” strategic arrangement, this represents an adaptive adjustment of theory to practice and an innovative upgrade of strategic planning, highlighting the historical initiative spirit of the Party Central Committee. The “Two Centenary Goals,” the “two stages,” and the “two-step” strategic arrangement are mutually inclusive and progressively advancing, together outlining the overall route and basic framework of national development strategy and planning in the New Era.

其一，总体路线图：从“两个一百年”到“两步走”战略安排，构筑新时代国家发展战略与规划的总体坐标。新时代以来，习近平总书记对国家发展战略与规划的建构，是从续写“两个一百年”奋斗目标开始的，他要求强化党的建设，为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标提供有力保证。在党的十九大报告中，习近平总书记提出了新时代“两个阶段”和“两步走”的战略安排。在党的二十大报告中，他进一步对新时代“两步走”战略作出了细化界定，明确了2020年至2035年、2035年至21世纪中叶的目标定位。从“两个一百年”“两个阶段”到“两步走”战略安排，是理论对实践的适应性调整与战略规划的创新性升级，彰显了党中央的历史主动精神。“两个一百年”“两个阶段”和“两步走”战略安排，三者相互包容又循序递进，共同勾勒出了新时代国家发展战略与规划的总体路线与基本框架。

Second, the process unfolding diagram: using the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan, the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, and the new development philosophy to construct the dual-circulation pattern, establishing the main axis of action for national development strategy and planning in the New Era. To resolve deep-seated contradictions in development, General Secretary Xi Jinping has taken the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan as

其二，过程展开图：以“五位一体”总体布局、“四个全面”战略布局和新发展理念构建双循环格局，搭建新时代国家发展战略与规划的行动主轴。为解决发展中的深层次矛盾，习近平总书记把“五位一体”总体布局作为新时代国家发展的重要战略部署。在此基础上，他进一步提出了“四个全面”战略布局，并使二者在目标与战略上实现有机衔接、协同发力。“四个全面”战略布局规定了国家治理的战略举措，也推动了发展理念的迭代升级。习近平总书记指出，“贯彻新发展理念是新时代我国发展壮大的必由之路”。“四个全面”战略布局为新发展理念提供了内在支撑，新发展理念则构成了“四个全面”战略布局协调推进的价值内核。在实践中，“贯彻新发展理念，必然要求构建新发展格局”。正是在此过程中，他将“五位一体”总体布局、“四个全面”战略布局和新发展理念、新发展格局进行系统集成，使其在全面建设社会主义现代化国家总目标下实现了紧密衔接与内在统一。

Third, the specific construction blueprint: taking regions, urban-rural areas, industries, science and technology, green development, and security as breakthrough points, clarifying the specific list of national development strategies and plans in the New Era. In the regional dimension, strategic plans such as the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have been further proposed, in order to cultivate new growth poles. In the urban-rural dimension, strategic plans such as rural revitalization have been further proposed, in order to promote integrated urban-rural development. In the industrial dimension, strategic plans such as building a manufacturing powerhouse and a quality powerhouse have been further proposed, in order to construct a modern industrial system. In the education, science and technology, and culture dimension, strategic plans such as building an education powerhouse, a science and technology powerhouse, and a cultural powerhouse have been further proposed, in order to enhance national soft power and accelerate the achievement of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. In the green development dimension, strategic plans such as achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality have been further proposed, in order to promote the formation of green development modes and lifestyles. In the security dimension, under the guidance of the holistic approach to national security, major strategies such as advancing a Safe China have been deeply promoted, in order to achieve a dynamic balance between development and security.

其三，具体施工图：以区域、城乡、产业、科技、绿色和安全等为突破口，理清新时代国家发展战略与规划的具体清单。在区域维度上，进一步提出京津冀协同发展、长三角一体化发展和粤港澳大湾区建设等战略规划，以培育新的增长极；在城乡维度上，进一步提出乡村振兴等战略规划，以推进城乡一体化发展；在产业维度上，进一步提出制造强国、质量强国等战略规划，以建设现代化产业体系；在教育科技文化维度上，进一步提出教育强国、科技强国和文化强国等战略规划，以增强国家软实力和加快实现科技自立自强；在绿色维度上，进一步提出碳达峰碳中和等战略规划，以推动形成绿色发展方式和生活方式；在安全维度上，在总体国家安全观引领下深入推进平安中国等重大战略，以实现发展和安全的动态平衡。

The "overall roadmap" commands the overall situation, the "process unfolding diagram" runs through the entire process, and the "specific construction blueprint" constitutes the practical entry point. These "three diagrams" progress layer by layer, forming a logical closed loop between the vision of strategic planning and the reality of national development, collectively constituting the theoretical connotation of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on national development strategy and planning in the New Era.

“总体路线图”统领全局，“过程展开图”贯穿始终，“具体施工图”构成现实切口，“三张图”层层递进，在战略规划的愿景和国家发展的实景之间形成逻辑闭环，共同构成习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的理论内涵。

2. The Theory of Goal Positioning: The Target System of National Development Strategy and Planning in the New Era

2.目标定位论：关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的指向体系

From the perspective of phased goals, national development strategy and planning in the New Era, under the "two-step" strategic arrangement [2]2 The "two-step" strategic arrangement refers to the plan to basically realize socialist modernization by 2035, and to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the middle of the 21st century., gradually realize socialist modernization through the phased implementation of five-year plans. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, China was in the decisive stage of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, with the goal of maintaining medium-to-high-speed economic growth and achieving a general improvement in people's living standards and the quality of the ecological environment. During the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country was initiated, with the goal of achieving new improvements in economic development, people's wellbeing, and other areas. In the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping further scientifically outlined the overall goals for China's development in 2035 from multiple aspects, such as building a modernized economic system and significantly enhancing national cultural soft power. It is precisely under the guidance of this series of plans and layouts that the *Proposal* [3]3 The *Proposal* refers to the *CPC Central Committee's Proposal on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035*. systematically defined the main goals for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period from seven aspects, including "achieving notable results in high-quality development," "substantially raising the level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening," "achieving new breakthroughs in further comprehensively deepening reform," "significantly raising the level of social civility," "continuously improving the quality of people's lives," "achieving new major progress in building a Beautiful China," and "further consolidating the national security barrier."

从阶段性目标看，新时代国家发展战略与规划是在“两步走”战略安排下，通过分阶段实施五年规划，逐步实现社会主义现代化。“十三五”规划期间为我国全面建成小康社会决胜阶段，目标指向于保持经济中高速增长，实现人民生活水平、生态环境质量等的普遍提高。“十四五”规划期间开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，目标指向于在经济发展、民生福祉等方面实现新的提升。在党的二十大报告中，习近平总书记进一步从建成现代化经济体系、国家文化软实力显著增强等多个方面科学擘画了2035年我国发展的总体目标。正是在这一系列谋划和布局指引下，《建议》才从“高质量发展取得显著成效”“科技自立自强水平大幅提高”“进一步全面深化改革取得新突破”“社会文明程度明显提升”“人民生活品质不断提高”“美丽中国建设取得新的重大进展”和“国家安全屏障更加巩固”等七个方面对“十五五”时期经济社会发展的主要目标作出了系统界定。

From the perspective of fundamental goals, the national development strategy and planning in the New Era propose to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation by the middle of the 21st century. In this regard, General Secretary Xi Jinping has clearly emphasized the need to “build our country into a great modern socialist country that is leading in composite national strength and international influence.” It can be said that the modern powerful country to be achieved through the national development strategy and planning in the New Era is not only a powerful country in the modernization of the economy, politics, culture, society, and ecological civilization, but also a powerful country with a comprehensive leap in national strength, and moreover, a powerful country capable of leading the progress of human civilization. Comprehensively building a great modern socialist country lays a solid foundation for national rejuvenation, and national rejuvenation constitutes the value destination of building a powerful country. To this end, General Secretary Xi Jinping calls on the entire Party to “persist in unifying the lofty ideal with the phased goals” and to “carry on the struggle, work hard, and make unremitting efforts.” In short, since the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s definition of the goals of national development strategy and planning has revolved around the historic cause of building a powerful country and achieving national rejuvenation, advancing toward the ultimate goal of realizing communism.

从根本目标看，新时代国家发展战略与规划提出要在21世纪中叶全面建成社会主义现代化强国和实现中华民族伟大复兴。对此，习近平总书记明确强调要“把我国建设成为综合国力和国际影响力领先的社会主义现代化强国”。可以说，新时代国家发展战略与规划所要达到的现代化强国，不仅是经济、政治、文化、社会和生态文明现代化的强国，也是国家实力全面跃升的强国，更是具备引领人类文明进步能力的强国。全面建成社会主义现代化强国为民族复兴夯实了根基，民族复兴构成了强国建设的价值归宿。为此，习近平总书记号召全党上下要“坚持把远大理想和阶段性目标统一起来”,“接续奋斗、艰苦奋斗、不懈奋斗”。简言之，新时代以来，习近平总书记对国家发展战略与规划的目标界定，就是围绕强国建设、民族复兴历史伟业，朝着实现共产主义的最终目标而去的。

3. Practical Methodology: On the Implementation Path of National Development Strategy and Planning in the New Era

3.实践方法论：关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的实施路径

One part deployment, nine parts implementation. Facing the international and domestic situation in the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has systematically expounded on how to implement and carry out the national development strategy and planning.

一分部署，九分落实。面对新时代国际国内形势，习近平总书记对如何实施与落实国家发展战略与规划进行了系统阐释。

To consolidate the main body foundation for the implementation of the national development strategy and planning. First, it requires leading cadres to clarify their responsibilities and commitments. Only by taking concrete action and being conscientious and responsible can the chaos of “planning, planning, just hanging on the wall” be overcome. [4]4 This phrase criticizes the common problem where plans are made but not implemented, remaining mere formalities. Second, it requires leading cadres to continuously strengthen study and research. “Correct decisions cannot be made without investigation and research, and correct implementation likewise cannot be achieved without investigation and research.” Not only must senior Party leading cadres set an example, but grassroots cadres must also strengthen study and research.

为国家发展战略与规划的落实夯实主体根基。一是要求领导干部明确责任担当。只有真抓实干、认真负责，才能克服“规划规划、墙上挂挂”的乱象。二是要求领导干部不断强化学习调研。“正确的决策离不开调查研究，正确的贯彻落实同样也离不开调查研究。”不仅党的高级领导干部要做出表率，基层干部同样要强化学习调研。

Detailed arrangements are made in areas such as overall coordination, strengthening supervision, and institutional guarantees. First, it requires achieving overall coordination and holistic advancement. Regarding the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan, [5]5 The 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020) was a national development plan for economic and social development. it is prominently emphasized that “coordinated development is the key to victory”; regarding the strategic goals set by the 20th National Congress of the CPC, it is required in implementation to “achieve a combination of long-term and short-term, vertical and horizontal coherence, and content coordination” to avoid “fragmented” execution. Second, it requires strengthening supervision and management. For example, when discussing the preparation of local plans by various regions, it is emphasized to “improve the mechanisms for dynamic monitoring, mid-term evaluation, and final evaluation in plan implementation” to provide guarantees for preventing risks and implementing strategic plans. Third, it requires that relevant institutional construction be carried through from beginning to end. “When institutions are stable, the country is stable; when institutions are strong, the country is strong.” With General Secretary Xi Jinping’s high attention, the legislative work on the National Development Plan Law of the People’s Republic of China has been placed on the agenda. The Proposal [6]6 The Proposal refers to the “Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035,” adopted in 2020. further requires “improving policy coordination and work coordination mechanisms to ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are implemented.”

在统筹协调、强化监督和制度保障等方面作出详细部署。其一，要求做到统筹协调和整体推进。针对“十三五”规划的落实，突出强调“协调发展是制胜要诀”;针对党的二十大制定的战略目标，更是要求在落实中“做到远近结合、上下贯通、内容协调”,以避免“碎片化”执行。其二，要求强化监督管理。如在论述各地区编制本地区规划时，强调要“完善规划实施中的动态监测、中期评估、总结评估机制”,为防范风险和落实战略规划提供保障。其三，要求将相关制度建设贯穿始终。“制度稳则国家稳，制度强则国家强。”在习近平总书记的高度重视下，《中华人民共和国国家发展规划法》的立法工作被提上议事日程。《建议》更是要求“健全政策协调和工作协同机制，确保党中央决策部署落到实处”。

III. Theoretical Characteristics of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on National Development Strategy and Planning in the New Era

三、习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的理论特征

Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era constitute a logical system with rich connotations and a rigorous structure. They provide systematic and scientific answers to a series of major propositions in the New Era, such as “what is the national development strategy and planning,” “what specific matters to address,” and “how to implement them,” manifesting four theoretical characteristics.

习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述是一个内涵丰富、结构严谨的逻辑体系，对新时代我国发展战略与规划“是什么”“具体抓哪些事”“怎么样落实”等一系列重大命题都作出了系统性和科学性解答，彰显出四个方面的理论特征。

1. From the perspective of the creation of the theoretical system, it manifests the organic unity of historical inheritance and contemporary innovation

1.从理论体系的创构视角看，彰显出历史传承与时代创新的有机统一

The formation of national development strategy and planning is not achieved overnight but is the result of long-term exploration and summation. Marx and Engels’ emphasis on the planned organization of social production, and Lenin’s exploration of the Soviet socialist development strategy and planning, essentially constitute the theoretical foundation of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era. The series of strategic plans proposed by the Communist Party of China in the course of leading national development and construction provide a direct basis for this. From the “Four Modernizations” [7]7 The Four Modernizations (agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology) were a set of goals first proposed by Zhou Enlai in 1964 and revived in 1975. to the “Three-Step” strategy [8]8 The “Three-Step” strategy, proposed by Deng Xiaoping in 1987, outlined steps for modernization: doubling 1980 GNP by 1990, doubling it again by 2000, and reaching the level of moderately developed countries by the mid-21st century. in the new period, and then to the “Two Centenary Goals” [9]9 The Two Centenary Goals are: building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC (2021) and building a great modern socialist country by the centenary of the PRC (2049). and the “Two-Step” strategic arrangement [10]10 The “Two-Step” strategic arrangement, from the 19th CPC National Congress (2017), plans to basically achieve socialist modernization from 2020 to 2035, and to build China into a great modern socialist country from 2035 to the mid-21st century. in the New Era, these are essentially a continuous lineage. Therefore, the national development strategy and planning in the New Era, under the guidance of Marxism, represent the inheritance and continuation of the CPC’s long-term strategic planning work.

国家发展战略与规划的形成不是一蹴而就的，而是长期探索和总结的结果。马克思恩格斯对有计划地组织社会生产的强调，列宁对苏维埃社会主义发展战略与规划的探索，实质上构成了习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的理论根基。中国共产党在领导国家发展和建设历程中提出的一系列战略规划则为此提供了直接基础。从“四个现代化”到新时期“三步走”战略，再到“两个一百年”和新时代“两步走”战略安排，本质上是一脉相承的。因此，新时代国家发展战略与规划是在马克思主义指导下，对中国共产党长期战略规划工作的传承与延续。

While possessing inheritance, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era also achieve pioneering innovation in light of the situation of the New Era: in terms of concepts, based on the mission and tasks of the New Era, they further deepen the connotation of national development strategy and planning, constructing a new theoretical framework; in terms of practice, based on the development requirements of the New Era, they form more precise and specific national development strategies, planning target systems, and implementation paths, achieving a detailed breakthrough in the relevant theories of Marxism and the relevant strategic plans of the CPC. Historical inheritance is the source of contemporary innovation, while contemporary innovation endows historical resources with fresh vitality. The two are organically unified, promoting the continuous development of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era.

习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述在具有传承性的同时，也结合新时代的形势实现了开拓创新：表现在理念上，是基于新时代的使命任务，进一步深化了国家发展战略与规划的内涵，搭建了全新的理论架构；表现在实践上，是立足新时代发展要求，形成了更为精准且具体的国家发展战略、规划目标体系和实施路径，实现了对马克思主义相关理论和中国共产党相关战略规划的细化突破。历史传承是时代创新的源泉，时代创新则赋予了历史资源以鲜活的生命，二者有机统一，推动了习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的不断发展。

2. From the perspective of the unfolding of the theoretical system, it manifests the organic unity of conformity with laws and conformity with purposes

2.从理论体系的展开视角看，彰显出合规律性与合目的性的有机统一

Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era conform to laws. Facing the profound change in the principal contradiction in society in the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping advocates promoting the transformation and upgrading of China’s economy from scale expansion to quality improvement through strategies such as innovation-driven development and coordinated regional development. Facing the overall situation of the accelerated evolution of changes unseen in a century in the world, he also advocates building a community with a shared future for mankind to expand space for the new development pattern and promote win-win cooperation among countries worldwide. It can be seen that Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era not only follow the laws of socialist modernization construction but also deeply grasp the laws of human social development.

习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述是合规律的。面对新时代社会主要矛盾的深刻改变，习近平总书记力主通过创新驱动发展、区域协调发展等战略，推动我国经济从规模扩张向质量提升的转型升级。面对世界百年未有之大变局加速演进的整体态势，他又力主通过构建人类命运共同体，为新发展格局拓展空间，促进世界各国合作共赢。可见，习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述既是对社会主义现代化建设规律的遵循，也是对人类社会发展规律的深刻把握。

Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era also conform to purposes. Based on the scientific judgment of the laws of socialist modernization construction, the national development strategy and planning in the New Era, in the process of advancing the great cause of building a powerful country and achieving national rejuvenation, always regard communism as the ultimate pursuit of national development strategy and planning, achieving the unity of conformity with laws and conformity with purposes, and forming a complete system of “short-term plans—medium-term plans—long-term goals” in national governance.

习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述也是合目的的。基于对社会主义现代化建设规律的科学研判，新时代国家发展战略与规划在推动强国建设、民族复兴伟业不断前进的进程中，始终将共产主义视为国家发展战略与规划的终极追求，实现了合规律性与合目的性的统一，在国家治理中形成了“短期计划—中期规划—长期目标”的完整体系。

3. From the perspective of the orientation of the theoretical system, it manifests the organic unity of political standard and people-centered standard

3.从理论体系的取向视角看，彰显出政治本位与人民本位的有机统一

From the perspective of the Party’s mission and tasks in the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the work of national development strategy and planning, aiming to enhance the Party’s governance capacity and ensure the strategic focus and correct direction of national development. The formulation and implementation of national development strategy and planning are organized and advanced under the comprehensive leadership of the Party. Without the comprehensive leadership of the Party, national development will inevitably face the major risk of losing direction. In this case, whether short-term plans or long-term strategic goals will be difficult to achieve. The formulation and implementation of national development strategy and planning must always adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, anchoring the general direction with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and strengthening internal support with the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, to continuously advance the cause of China’s socialist modernization.

从新时代党的使命任务看，习近平总书记高度重视国家发展战略与规划工作，旨在通过提升党的执政能力，确保国家发展的战略定力和正确方向。国家发展战略与规划的编制和实施是在党的全面领导下有组织地展开和推进的。离开党的全面领导，国家发展必将面临方向迷失的重大风险。在这种情况下，无论是短期计划还是长期战略目标都将难以实现。国家发展战略与规划的编制和实施必须始终坚持中国特色社会主义道路，既要以“五位一体”总体布局来锚定总方向，也要以“四个全面”战略布局来强化内在支撑，推动我国社会主义现代化建设事业不断前进。

From the perspective of the deepening development of Chinese-path modernization, General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the work of national development strategy and planning, aiming to make national development strategies and plans better serve the people, reflecting a distinct people-oriented stance. Adhering to a people-centered approach is the fundamental position of the Party and also the value orientation of Chinese-path modernization. “The distinctive mark that distinguishes a Marxist political party from a non-Marxist political party, and the watershed that separates a socialist country from a capitalist country, is none other than the people’s standpoint.” [11]11 The *Proposal* refers to the *CPC Central Committee’s Proposal on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035*, which sets the guiding principles for the 2026–2030 planning period. The formulation and implementation of national development strategies and plans provide forward-looking guidance for achieving high-quality development under the overall leadership of the Party, and, in the historical process of advancing the deepening development of Chinese-path modernization, they lay a strategic foundation for meeting the people’s needs for a better life. “The people’s aspiration for a better life is our goal. Good policies and development plans should conform to the people’s will and meet the people’s expectations and aspirations.” [12]12 The “Proposal” (《建议》) refers to the Central Committee of the CPC’s Proposal for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, which was adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in 2025. From this perspective, it is not difficult to understand why the “Proposal” [13] lists “adhering to the overall leadership of the Party” and “putting the people first” together as principles that must be followed for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. The organic unity of the political standard and the people-oriented standard constitutes the distinctive feature of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era.

从中国式现代化深化发展看，习近平总书记高度重视国家发展战略与规划工作，旨在让国家发展战略和规划更好地服务于人民，体现了鲜明的人民本位。坚持以人民为中心是党的根本立场，也是中国式现代化的价值取向。“马克思主义政党区别于非马克思主义政党的显著标志，社会主义国家区别于资本主义国家的分水岭，不是别的千条万条，就是人民立场这一条。”国家发展战略与规划的编制与实施，是在党的全面领导下，为实现高质量发展提供前瞻指引，是在推进中国式现代化深化发展的历史进程中，为满足人民美好生活需要夯实战略支撑。“人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标。好的方针政策和发展规划都应该顺应人民意愿、符合人民所思所盼”。由此出发，就不难理解《建议》为何将“坚持党的全面领导”和“坚持人民至上”共同列为“十五五”时期经济社会发展必须遵循的原则。政治本位与人民本位有机统一，构成了习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的鲜明特征。

4. From the perspective of the development of the theoretical system, it demonstrates the organic unity of inherent stability and dynamic adjustment

4.从理论体系的发展视角看，彰显出内在稳定与动态调整的有机统一

As the theoretical expression of national development strategy and planning, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era have their inherent stability. On the one hand, this stability lies in a stable theoretical foundation. From the theoretical construction of Marx and Engels to the preliminary explorations of Lenin, these theoretical resources have provided a solid foundation for the formation and development of the concepts of national development strategy and planning in the New Era. On the other hand, this stability is also manifested in the coherence of strategic objectives, the continuity of strategic implementation, and the firmness of strategic resolve. Facing complex and ever-changing international and domestic situations, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always maintained a sober

作为国家发展战略与规划的理论表达，习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述有其内在稳定性。一方面，这种稳定性在于稳定的理论基础。从马克思恩格斯的理论构建到列宁的初步探索，这些理论资源为新时代国家发展战略与规划理念的形成与发展提供了坚实根基。另一方面，这种稳定性也表现为战略目标的连贯性、战略实施的持续性和战略定力的坚定性。面对纷繁复杂的国际国内形势，以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终保持清醒的政治头脑，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，不仅确保了战略规划的有效性，也为国家发展提供了稳定的预期和指引。

As a practical summary of national development strategy and planning, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era also possess a distinct dynamism. This dynamism is likewise manifested in two aspects. First, based on changes in the international and domestic situation, it continuously achieves dynamic adjustments and systematic optimization of strategies, “organically combining the principled nature of strategy with the flexibility of tactics,” and “seizing the strategic initiative by adapting measures to local conditions, moving with the situation, and following the trend.” Second, facing the future, it consistently upholds a dynamic development concept of openness and innovation, constantly enriching and perfecting the theoretical content and framework. Realizing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation is a long-term strategic task. On the path forward, various risks and challenges will inevitably be encountered. The theoretical system of national development strategy and planning in the New Era must also be continuously adjusted to achieve optimization and innovation.

作为国家发展战略与规划的实践总结，习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述又具有鲜明的动态性。这种动态性同样表现在两个方面。一是基于国际国内形势变化不断实现策略的动态调整与系统优化，“把战略的原则性和策略的灵活性有机结合起来”,“在因地制宜、因势而动、顺势而为中把握战略主动”。二是面向未来始终秉持开放创新的动态发展理念，不断丰富和完善理论内涵与架构。实现强国建设、民族复兴伟业是一项长远战略任务，在前进的道路上，必然会遭遇各种风险挑战，新时代国家发展战略与规划的理论体系也必须不断调整以实现优化创新。

IV. The Practical Implications of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on National Development Strategy and Planning in the New Era

四、习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的现实启示

The *Proposal* [11]11 The *Proposal* refers to the *CPC Central Committee’s Proposal on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035*, which sets the guiding principles for the 2026–2030 planning period. has charted the course for development in various fields of China’s economy and society over the next five years. The next key step is to further transform the grand blueprint into a “specific construction drawing.” Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era contain the inherent logic and scientific methods of national development strategy and planning in the New Era. They are the fundamental guidelines and action guides for the formulation and implementation of national development strategy and planning in the New Era. To achieve the coordinated advancement and precise implementation of the “15th Five-Year Plan,” it is necessary to scientifically understand and accurately grasp the following aspects.

《建议》为未来五年我国经济社会各领域发展指明了前进方向，下一步的关键就是将宏伟蓝图进一步转化为“具体施工图”。习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述，蕴含了新时代国家发展战略与规划的内在逻辑和科学方法，是新时代国家发展战略与规划编制、实施的根本遵循和行动指南。要实现“十五五”规划的统筹推进和精准落地，必须科学认识与准确把握以下几个方面。

1. Scientifically Understand and Accurately Grasp the “15th Five-Year Plan”: Anchor the Target Positioning and Further Refine the Phased Tasks

1.科学认识与准确把握“十五五”规划，要锚定目标定位，进一步细化阶段任务

In the process of advancing the formulation and implementation of national development strategy and planning, General Secretary Xi Jinping repeatedly emphasizes the extreme importance of clarifying goals and tasks as well as scientifically implementing the blueprint. To scientifically understand and accurately grasp the “15th Five-Year Plan,” at the national level, it is necessary to combine the functional positioning of different institutions and departments, refining the main objectives of the “15th Five-Year Plan” into quantifiable and operable specialized objectives, so as to ensure the effective connection between the five-year plan and specialized plans. At the local level, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of combining an effective market with a competent government, focusing on promoting the further transformation of the main objectives of the “15th Five-Year Plan” into local actions.

在推进国家发展战略与规划编制、实施的过程中，习近平总书记反复强调明确目标任务以及科学实施蓝图的极端重要性。科学认识和精准把握“十五五”规划，在国家层面，要结合不同机构部门的职能定位，将“十五五”主要目标细化为可量化、可操作的专项目标，以确保五年规划与专项规划有效衔接；在地方层面，则要坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合的原则，着力推动“十五五”主要目标进一步转化为本地行动。

2. Scientifically Understand and Accurately Grasp the “15th Five-Year Plan”: Optimize the Spatial Structure and Further Promote Coordinated Development

2.科学认识与准确把握“十五五”规划，要优化空间结构，进一步促进协调发展

Coordinated development is the main thread and basic method of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era. To scientifically grasp the “15th Five-Year Plan,” it is necessary to place the further optimization of spatial layout and the promotion of coordinated development in a prominent position, focusing on the following aspects. First, coordinated regional development, the core of which is to further achieve balanced linkage and joint progress. This requires both promoting the fair distribution of resources and continuously strengthening regional collaboration, achieving common development of all regions in the process of innovating systems and mechanisms. Second, coordinated urban-rural development, the core of which is to further achieve urban-rural integration and symbiosis. This requires both promoting the two-way flow of factors and actively promoting the sinking of high-quality resources, achieving comprehensive progress on the basis of breaking down the urban-rural dual structure. Third, coordinated economic and social development, the core of which is to further achieve the common prosperity of the economy and people’s livelihoods. This requires both continuously enhancing economic resilience and firmly securing the bottom line of people’s livelihoods, ensuring that economic growth advances in step with social welfare. Fourth, coordinated development between humans and nature, the core of which is to further achieve the co-prosperity of ecology and culture. This requires both focusing on the efficient use of resources and innovating green production and lifestyle, achieving a positive interaction between lucid waters and lush mountains and a happy life in the process of sustainable development. Fifth, coordinated domestic and international development, the core of which is to further achieve internal-external linkage and win-win outcomes. This requires both consolidating the foundation with domestic demand and expanding space and attracting high-end factors through further opening up, achieving mutual promotion and joint progress between internal and external factors.

协调发展是习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划重要论述的内涵主线和基本方法。科学把握“十五五”规划，必须把进一步优化空间布局和推进协调发展摆在突出位置，应重点关注以下几方面。一是区域协调发展，其核心是进一步实现均衡联动共进，既要推动资源公平分配，也要不断强化区域协作，在创新体制机制的过程中，实现各区域共同发展。二是城乡协调发展，其核心是进一步实现城乡融合共生，既要促进要素双向流动，也要积极推动优质资源下沉，在打破城乡二元壁垒基础上实现全面进步。三是经济社会协调发展，其核心是进一步实现经济民生共荣，既要不断提升经济韧性，也要筑牢民生底线，确保经济增长与社会福祉同步迈进。四是人与自然协调发展，其核心是进一步实现生态人文共兴，既要聚焦资源高效利用，也要创新绿色生产生活方式，在可持续发展中实现绿水青山与幸福生活良性互动。五是国内国际协调发展，其核心是进一步实现内外联动共赢，既要以内需夯实根基，也要以进一步扩大开放来拓展空间并吸引高端要素，实现内外互促共进。

3. Scientifically Understand and Accurately Grasp the “15th Five-Year Plan”: Stimulate Diverse Vitality and Further Cultivate New Quality Kinetic Energy

3.科学认识与准确把握“十五五”规划，要激发多元活力，进一步培育新质动能

Motivation and vitality are the engines for achieving the goals of national development strategy. Since the “14th Five-Year Plan,” China has achieved innovative breakthroughs in tackling key core technologies. At the same time, China also has technological shortcomings in some areas. Based on this, the *Proposal* clearly puts forward the requirement of “accelerating high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, leading the development of new quality productive forces.” Guided by Xi Jinping’s important discourses on national development strategy and planning in the New Era, to promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial upgrading, it is necessary to promote the formation of a virtuous cycle of the innovation ecosystem by further stimulating diverse vitality. First, strengthen subject synergy, encouraging market entities to achieve extensive cooperation with universities, think tanks, and other institutions, so as to continuously activate endogenous momentum on the basis of deepening collaborative innovation in industry, academia, research, and application. Second, actively improve the innovation network, both by constructing cross-regional innovation communities and actively promoting the open sharing of data to ensure the effective flow of data. Third, continuously optimize the support system. Governments at all levels should further improve relevant laws and regulations, focus on optimizing public service platforms, and provide more solid and powerful support for the integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial upgrading.

动力与活力是国家发展战略目标的实现引擎。“十四五”以来，我国在关键核心技术攻关上实现了创新突破。与此同时，我国在一些领域也存在技术短板。基于此，《建议》明确提出了“加快高水平科技自立自强，引领发展新质生产力”的要求。以习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述为指引，推进科技创新与产业升级深度融合，必须通过进一步激发多元活力来推动实现创新生态的良性循环。一要强化主体协同，鼓励市场主体同高校、智库等机构实现广泛合作，以在深化产学研用协同创新的基础上不断激活内生动力。二要积极完善创新网络，既要构建跨区域创新共同体，也要积极推进数据的开放共享，以确保数据有效流通。三要不断优化支撑体系，各级政府要进一步完善相关法律法规，着力优化公共服务平台，为科技创新与产业升级融合提供更加坚实有力的支撑。

4. Scientifically Understand and Accurately Grasp the “15th Five-Year Plan”: Build Social Consensus and Further Enhance Planning Effectiveness

4.科学认识与准确把握“十五五”规划，要凝聚社会共识，进一步提升规划效能

Doing a good job of national development strategy and planning work is the common aspiration of all Chinese sons and daughters

做好国家发展战略与规划工作是全体中华儿女的共同期盼。习近平总书记关于新时代国家发展战略与规划的重要论述，强调政治本位与人民本位相统一，这启示我们要科学把握“十五五”规划的战略定位和重点任务，就必须在党的全面领导下，充分调动人民参与积极性和主动性。对此，一要着力强化宣传引导，围绕《建议》的指导方针、主要目标和战略任务等形成系统化的内容宣传体系，营造全社会普遍参与的良好氛围；二要不断改善民生福祉，着力做好民生建设，不断提升人民群众对国家发展战略与规划的认同感和支持度；三要积极畅通反馈渠道，广泛征集群众的意见和建议，推动《建议》切实转化为广大人民群众的行动自觉。

5. To scientifically understand and accurately grasp the 15th Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to strengthen risk governance and further consolidate the security bulwark.

5.科学认识与准确把握“十五五”规划，要强化风险治理，进一步筑牢安全屏障

Being mindful of potential dangers while living in peace and taking precautions against possible calamities are fine traditions consistently upheld by the Communist Party of China, and they are also important concepts that General Secretary Xi Jinping has always adhered to in advancing the work of national development strategy and planning in the New Era. In this regard, the Proposal [12]12 The “Proposal” (《建议》) refers to the Central Committee of the CPC’s Proposal for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, which was adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in 2025. explicitly puts forward the basic principle of “adhering to the integrated planning of development and security.” This enlightens us that to promote the transformation of the 15th Five-Year Plan into tangible development outcomes, we must further consolidate the security bulwark. From a macro perspective, it is necessary to uphold the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, continuously improve the national security legal system, and enhance cross-departmental governance effectiveness. From a meso perspective, it is necessary to further establish a joint prevention and control mechanism for security risks, continuously improve industry risk governance systems and optimize regional risk governance layouts, promote the integration of risk prevention and control resources across industries, and improve emergency governance mechanisms. From a micro perspective, it is necessary to continuously strengthen risk awareness. Not only should we further enhance the sense of responsibility and awareness of potential dangers among leading cadres at all levels through education and training, but we should also continuously promote the dissemination of relevant national security policies and concepts within the broader social system, so as to comprehensively build a solid social security psychological defense line.

居安思危、防患未然是中国共产党一以贯之的优良传统，也是习近平总书记在推进新时代国家发展战略与规划工作中始终坚持的重要理念。对此，《建议》明确提出“坚持统筹发展和安全”的基本原则。这启示我们要推动“十五五”规划切实转化为发展实效，就必须进一步筑牢安全屏障。从宏观看，要坚持党中央集中统一领导，不断完善国家安全法治体系，提升跨部门治理效能。从中观看，要进一步形成对安全风险的联防联控机制，不断完善行业风险治理体系和优化区域风险治理布局，推动行业间整合风险防控资源和健全应急治理机制。从微观看，要不断强化风险意识，不仅要通过教育培训进一步提升各级领导干部的责任意识和忧患意识，也要在广泛的社会系统中不断推进有关国家安全政策和理念的传播，全方位筑牢社会安全心理防线。

Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics

作者单位：浙江财经大学马克思主义学院