Advancing High-Quality Development of the Military through the Modernization of Military Governance

Research Center for the Party’s Innovative Theories, National University of Defense Technology

国防科技大学党的创新理论研究中心

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, with a view to “achieving the centenary goal of the People’s Army by 2027 and advancing national defense and military modernization with high quality,” put forward for the first time the requirement of “advancing the modernization of military governance.” [1]1 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in 2024. The “centenary goal of the People’s Army by 2027” refers to the goal of fully modernizing the People’s Liberation Army by the 100th anniversary of its founding in 2027. President Xi, when attending the plenary meeting of the delegation of the People’s Liberation Army and the People’s Armed Police Force at the Fourth Session of the 14th National People’s Congress, stressed “pooling efforts to steadily and enduringly advance the modernization of national defense and the military.” [2]2 The 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) is China’s top legislative body; its Fourth Session was held in 2025. The “delegation of the People’s Liberation Army and the People’s Armed Police Force” is a separate delegation within the NPC. This year marks the beginning of the 15th Five-Year Plan period and a crucial year for achieving the centenary goal of the People’s Army. [3]3 The “15th Five-Year Plan” (2026–2030) is China’s national economic and social development plan for that period. Facing this important historical juncture and bearing the glorious mission and responsibility, we must deeply understand the significance of the modernization of military governance as an important aspect of advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, for improving the quality and efficiency of national defense and military modernization and for promoting the steady and enduring progress of the cause of building a strong military. We must continuously intensify efforts in military governance, using the new strengthening of military governance to boost the high-quality development of the cause of building a strong military.

党的二十届四中全会着眼“如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标，高质量推进国防和军队现代化”，首次提出“推进军事治理现代化”要求。习主席在出席十四届全国人大四次会议解放军和武警部队代表团全体会议时强调“凝心聚力推动国防和军队现代化行稳致远”。今年是“十五五”开局之年，是实现建军一百年奋斗目标的攻坚之年。面对重要历史节点，肩负光荣使命责任，必须深刻认识军事治理现代化作为推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要方面，对于提高国防和军队现代化质量效益、推动强军事业行稳致远的重要意义，不断加大军事治理工作力度，以军事治理新加强助推强军事业高质量发展。

Comprehensively strengthening military governance is a profound transformation of our Party’s concept and methods of military administration.

全面加强军事治理是我们党治军理念和方式的一场深刻变革

The level of governance determines the quality of development; the modernization of governance concerns the process of building a strong military. From the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposing “comprehensively strengthening military governance,” to the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee emphasizing “improving the military governance system,” and then to the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee putting forward the major proposition of “advancing the modernization of military governance,” this reflects our Party’s continuous and deepening grasp of the laws governing military building and administration in the New Era, mirrors the overall requirements of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and will inevitably lead and drive a profound transformation in the concepts and methods of military administration.

治理水平决定发展质量，治理现代化关乎强军进程。从党的二十大提出“全面加强军事治理”，到党的二十届三中全会强调“完善军事治理体系”，再到党的二十届四中全会提出“推进军事治理现代化”重大命题，体现了我们党对新时代建军治军规律的持续深入把握，反映了国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的全局要求，必将引领推动治军理念和方式的深刻变革。

President Xi’s important thought on military governance marks a new height in our Party’s understanding of the Marxist laws governing military building and administration. In the Marxist theory of the state, the state has the dual functions of “political rule” and “social governance,” and the military, as an important component of the state apparatus, is a crucial guarantee force for state governance. Since the founding of the people’s military, our Party has always focused on combining the basic principles of Marxist governance with the concrete practice of our military’s building and administration, continuously exploring the laws of the military system’s operation, and laying a solid foundation for the construction and development of the people’s military. From the promulgation of the “Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight Points for Attention” in the early days of our military’s founding, to the implementation of the “Five Unifications and Four Natures” after the founding of New China, and then to the establishment of law-based governance of the military and strict governance of the military as important guiding principles for military building after reform and opening up, our Party’s long-standing emphasis on military governance has laid a solid foundation for the construction and development of our military. [4]4 The “Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight Points for Attention” were basic codes of conduct for the Red Army issued in 1928. The “Five Unifications and Four Natures” were standardization measures introduced in the early 1950s to regularize the People’s Liberation Army.

习主席关于军事治理的重要思想，标志着我们党对马克思主义建军治军规律的认识达到了新高度。在马克思主义国家学说中，国家具有“政治统治”和“社会治理”的双重职能，作为国家机器重要组成部分的军队是国家治理的重要保障力量。自人民军队成立以来，我们党始终注重把马克思主义关于治理的基本原理与我军建军治军具体实践相结合，不断探索军事系统运行规律，为人民军队建设发展奠定了坚实基础。我军从初创时期颁布“三大纪律八项注意”，到新中国成立后实行“五统四性”，再到改革开放后把依法治军、从严治军确立为军队建设的重要指导方针，我们党长期以来对军事治理的强调重视，为我军建设发展奠定了坚实基础。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, President Xi, with a view to using the new strengthening of military governance to boost new developments in the cause of building a strong military, has explored the characteristics and laws of military administration in the New Era, made pioneering expositions on military governance, scientifically answered major fundamental, directional, and overall questions concerning comprehensively strengthening military governance, and put forward a series of new thoughts, new viewpoints, and new judgments on the great significance, scientific connotation, basic principles, goals and tasks, key priorities, methods and pathways, and responsibility requirements of comprehensively strengthening military governance. For example, regarding leadership, he emphasizes that “upholding the Party’s absolute leadership over the military is the soul of building a strong military,” and that comprehensively strengthening military governance is to better implement the fundamental principle and system of the Party’s absolute leadership over the military, to comprehensively and thoroughly implement the system of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission assuming overall responsibility, to ensure that the gun is always under the Party’s command, and to ensure that the people’s military forever serves as a strong pillar of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Regarding the overarching goal, he emphasizes that achieving the Party’s goal of building a strong military in the New Era is the goal of comprehensively strengthening military governance, as well as the direction of progress, and that “the entire military must accurately grasp this goal of building a strong military and use it to guide military building, reform, and military struggle preparations.” Regarding the fundamental standard, he emphasizes “always adhering to combat effectiveness as the sole and fundamental standard,” and that comprehensively strengthening military governance must take improving combat effectiveness as the starting point and ultimate goal. Regarding the main content, he emphasizes the systematic renewal of governance concepts and the profound transformation of military administration methods, achieving “a fundamental shift from relying solely on administrative orders to acting in accordance with the law, a fundamental shift from relying solely on habits and experience to relying on laws and regulations, and a fundamental shift from突击式 and campaign-style work methods to acting in accordance with regulations and rules,” thereby raising the scientific, law-based, and refined level of military building. [5]5 “突击式” (tūjīshì) refers to a short-term, intensive, campaign-style approach to work, often contrasted with routine, institutionalized methods. President Xi’s important thought on military governance is a profound summary of our Party’s successful experience in military building and administration over a long period, reflects the Party’s deep understanding of the characteristics and laws of leading and administering the military in the New Era, and points the direction and provides the guidance for our military to comprehensively improve its ability to win wars, enhance the operational efficiency of the military system, and improve the effectiveness of the use of national defense resources on the journey to build a strong military.

党的十八大以来，习主席着眼以军事治理新加强助推强军事业新发展，探索新时代治军特点规律，对军事治理作出开创性论述，科学回答了全面加强军事治理带根本性、方向性、全局性的重大问题，就全面加强军事治理的重大意义、科学内涵、基本原则、目标任务、着力重点、方法路径和责任要求等提出了一系列新思想新观点新论断。例如，在领导力量上，强调“坚持党对军队绝对领导是强军之魂”，全面加强军事治理是为了更好贯彻党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和制度，全面深入贯彻军委主席负责制，确保枪杆子永远听党指挥，确保人民军队永远做中国特色社会主义的坚强柱石；在目标统领上，强调实现党在新时代的强军目标是全面加强军事治理的目标，也是前进方向，“全军要准确把握这一强军目标，用以统领军队建设、改革和军事斗争准备”；在根本标准上，强调“始终坚持战斗力这个唯一的根本的标准”，全面加强军事治理必须把提高战斗力作为工作的出发点和落脚点；在主要内容上，强调治理理念的系统性更新、治军方式的深刻变革，实现“从单纯依靠行政命令的做法向依法行政的根本性转变，从单纯靠习惯和经验开展工作的方式向依靠法规和制度开展工作的根本性转变，从突击式、运动式抓工作的方式向按条令条例办事的根本性转变”，提升军队建设的科学化、法治化、精细化水平。习主席关于军事治理的重要思想，是我们党长期以来建军治军成功经验的深刻总结，体现了党对新时代领军治军特点规律的深刻认识，为我们在强军兴军征程中全面提高打赢能力、提高军事系统运行效能和国防资源使用效益指明了方向、提供了遵循。

The modernization of military governance proposed by our Party inherits the essence of excellent traditional Chinese military culture, such as “how does an army win? By governance,” and also absorbs the reasonable elements of Western military governance concepts. It is a theoretical and practical innovation based on China’s national and military conditions. First, as an important manifestation of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in the military field, the modernization of military governance is both an activity and a process, and a state and a result; it is both a general reflection of the state of military building, the level of operational management, and the performance of functions, and it is also embodied in the dialectical development process of coordinating the governance of the state and the military, and building a strong country and a strong military. Second, the modernization of military governance is a systematic design for scientifically governing all fields, all elements, and all cycles of the military. It is an organic unity of the modernization of the military governance system and the modernization of military governance capacity. This requires both optimizing the allocation of subject powers and responsibilities, smoothing the collaborative operation mechanism, substantiating the supervision and evaluation mechanism, and strengthening the supervision and implementation mechanism through the construction and improvement of the military governance system, and continuously enhancing the governance capacity to manage, integrate, guide, adjust, and reform various affairs in the military field in accordance with military policies and systems, thereby promoting the development of national defense and military building. Third, the modernization of military governance enriches and expands the connotation and scope of national defense and military modernization. It is both a beneficial supplement to the modernization of military theory, the modernization of military organizational forms, the modernization of military personnel, and the modernization of weaponry and equipment, and it permeates the above modernizations, promoting the effective improvement of construction efficiency at various levels and in different fields. Finally, the modernization of military governance of our military has an essential difference in value pursuit from the military governance of all other types of militaries: what we pursue is governance for the vast majority of the people; capitalist military governance is governance for a minority, serving as a tool and means for a minority to seek hegemony and private gain.

我们党提出的军事治理现代化，既继承了“兵何以为胜，以治为胜”等中华优秀传统军事文化思想精髓，又吸收了西方军事治理理念的合理成分，是基于我国国情军情的理论创新与实践创新。首先，军事治理现代化作为国家治理体系和治理能力现代化在军事领域的重要体现，既是活动和过程，又是状态和结果；既是军队建设发展状况、运行管理水平、职能作用发挥的总体反映，也体现为统筹治国与治军、强国与强军的辩证发展过程。其次，军事治理现代化是对军队全领域、全要素、全周期进行科学治理的体系化设计，是军事治理体系现代化和军事治理能力现代化两个方面的有机统一，既要通过构建完善军事治理体系来优化主体职权配置、畅通协同运行机制、实化监察评估机制、强化监督执行机制，又要不断提升依据军事政策制度，对军事领域各方面事务进行管理、整合、引导、调整和改革，促进国防和军队建设发展的治理能力。第三，军事治理现代化丰富拓展了国防和军队现代化的内涵范畴，既是对军事理论现代化、军队组织形态现代化、军事人员现代化、武器装备现代化的有益补充，又渗透于以上现代化之中，推动各个层面、不同领域建设效能有效提升。最后，我军的军事治理现代化与所有其他性质军队的军事治理有着价值追求上的本质区别：我们追求的是为最广大人民的治理；资本主义军事治理则是为少数人的治理，是为少数人谋求霸权、谋取私利的工具和手段。

The modernization of military governance and the high-quality development of the military are mutually dependent and mutually reinforcing organisms, unified in the great practice of national defense and military modernization. Development without quality is useless no matter how much is done; some things even become burdens and liabilities for the troops, causing great waste. High-quality development, as the hard truth of the New Era, further clarifies “what kind of development the people’s military should achieve,” while the modernization of military governance answers the practical proposition of “how to support and guarantee the development of our military.” Without the guidance of high-quality development, the modernization of military governance will lose its target direction; without high-level military governance, high-quality development will be unsustainable due to the lack of a stable environment and institutional guarantees.

军事治理现代化与军队高质量发展是相互依存、相互促进的有机体，统一于国防和军队现代化伟大实践。没有质量的发展，搞得再多也不管用，有些甚至成为部队的包袱和累赘，造成很大浪费。高质量发展作为新时代的硬道理，进一步明确了“人民军队实现什么样的发展”，军事治理现代化则回答了“如何支撑和保障我军发展”的实践命题。脱离高质量发展的导向，军事治理现代化会失去目标指向；没有高水平军事治理，高质量发展会因缺乏稳定环境与制度保障而难以为继。

On the one hand, the modernization of military governance provides impetus and support for the high-quality development of the military. To advance the modernization of military governance, it is necessary to construct a socialist military system with Chinese characteristics that is complete in form, scientific in standard, and effective in operation. Through institutional advantages, we must effectively remove institutional obstacles, structural contradictions, and policy-related problems, fully unleash the creative potential of all factors, achieve the optimal allocation and efficient utilization of military resources, and clear obstacles, consolidate synergy, and inject momentum for high-quality development. On the other hand, the high-quality development of the military serves as a key yardstick for testing the level of modernization of military governance, directly reflecting the scientific nature of the military governance system, the effectiveness of policy implementation, and the synergy of institutional operations. It exerts a powerful driving and enabling effect on the modernization of military governance, objectively compelling adaptive changes in military governance across many aspects, such as concepts, institutions and mechanisms, methods and means, and capacity guarantees. In summary, both must unwaveringly uphold the Party’s absolute leadership, adhere to the sacred duty of carrying guns for the people and fighting for the people, take the building of advanced combat capabilities as the orientation, take quality and efficiency as the core, take scientific and technological innovation as the driving force, and take systematic construction as the hallmark. They mutually reinforce each other and jointly act throughout the entire process of accelerating the modernization of national defense and the military and comprehensively building a world-class military.

一方面，军事治理现代化为军队高质量发展提供动力与支撑。推进军事治理现代化，必须构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的中国特色社会主义军事制度，通过制度优势有效破除体制性障碍、结构性矛盾和政策性问题，充分释放各类要素的创造潜能，实现军事资源的优化配置和高效利用，为高质量发展扫清障碍、凝聚合力、注入动能。另一方面，军队高质量发展是检验军事治理现代化水平的关键标尺，直接映射军事治理体系的科学性、政策执行的有效性和制度运行的协同性，对军事治理现代化具有强大驱动和赋能作用，客观上倒逼军事治理在思想观念、体制机制、方式方法、能力保障等诸多方面实现适应性变革。总的来说，两者都必须毫不动摇坚持党的绝对领导，坚守为人民扛枪、为人民打仗的神圣职责，以先进战斗力建设为指向，以质量效能为核心，以科技创新为驱动，以体系化建设为标志，相互促进、共同作用于我军加快国防和军队现代化、全面建成世界一流军队全过程。

To advance the modernization of national defense and the military with high quality, it is urgently necessary to do a good job on the major article of the modernization of military governance.

高质量推进国防和军队现代化，迫切需要做好军事治理现代化这篇大文章

Advancing the high-quality development of the military through the modernization of military governance is a major strategic issue that involves overall planning, long-term construction, and dynamic development. To comprehensively and accurately grasp its major significance, it must be understood within the framework of Chairman Xi’s grand strategy for governing the Party, the state, and the military, considered within the larger system of national governance, and recognized within the great practice of building a strong country and a strong military.

以军事治理现代化推进军队高质量发展，是一个总揽全局、长远建设、动态发展的重大战略课题。全面、准确把握其重大意义，需要放到习主席治党治国治军大方略中去领悟、放到国家治理大体系中去考量、放到强国强军大实践中去认识。

It is an inherent part of incorporating the modernization of national defense and the military into the strategic deployment and planning of Chinese-path modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Chairman Xi, based on the “two overall situations” [6]6 The “two overall situations” (两个大局) refers to the overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the overall situation of changes unseen in a century in the world., has comprehensively and systematically expounded on the Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, and major principles of Chinese-path modernization, leading to the formation of a top-level design with goals, plans, and strategies. This has pointed out a bright path for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation, and has also clarified the development direction and realization path for the modernization of national defense and the military. Among these, coordinating the advancement of high-efficiency governance and high-quality development is a holistic and leading task in promoting the modernization of national defense and the military. During the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the modernization of national defense and the military must shoulder the historical responsibility of supporting the building of a strong country and national rejuvenation. It must, in accordance with Chairman Xi’s strategic blueprint, plan and advance the modernization of military governance within the larger chessboard of Chinese-path modernization, ensuring that the modernization of national defense and the military and the modernization of national governance advance in an integrated manner and resonate at the same frequency, achieving a simultaneous increase in national defense strength and economic strength, and promoting the implementation of high-quality development in the field of national defense and military construction.

把国防和军队现代化建设纳入中国式现代化战略部署谋划推进的应有之义。党的十八大以来，习主席立足“两个大局”，对中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求和重大原则等作出全面系统阐发，引领形成有目标、有规划、有战略的顶层设计，为强国建设、民族复兴指明了康庄大道，也明确了国防和军队现代化的发展走向和实现路径。其中，统筹推进高效能治理和高质量发展，是推进国防和军队现代化建设的全局性、牵引性任务。“十五五”时期国防和军队现代化建设要扛起支撑强国建设、民族复兴的历史重任，必须按照习主席的战略擘画，将军事治理现代化放在中国式现代化的大棋局中谋划推进，确保国防和军队现代化与国家治理现代化一体推进、同频共振，实现国防实力与经济实力同步提升，推动高质量发展在国防和军队建设领域落地见效。

It is a practical necessity for responding to unprecedented risks and challenges and achieving the centenary goal of military construction on schedule. The world today continues to undergo profound and complex changes, and the endeavor to strengthen the military and rejuvenate the armed forces faces new times and circumstances. On the path forward, the risks and challenges we face will only become more complex, and we must be prepared to withstand major tests of high winds and choppy waters, even raging waves. Chairman Xi pointed out: “History and reality both tell us that as long as we uphold and improve the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and are adept at using institutional strength to respond to the impact of risks and challenges, we will certainly be able to withstand one pressure test after another, continuously turn crises into opportunities, and be reborn from the ashes.” [7]7 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the fifth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC, held in October 2020. Faced with rapidly changing international situations and complex risks and challenges, to achieve the centenary goal of military construction on schedule, it is urgently necessary to accelerate the modernization of military governance, continuously improve the socialist military system with Chinese characteristics, always maintain the vigorous vitality and strong execution of the institutional system, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the centenary goal of military construction on schedule.

应对前所未有风险挑战、如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标的现实需要。当今世界持续发生深刻复杂变化，强军兴军面临新的时与势。前进道路上，我们面临的风险挑战只会越来越复杂，必须准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验。习主席指出：“历史和现实都告诉我们，只要坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，善于运用制度力量应对风险挑战冲击，我们就一定能够经受住一次次压力测试，不断化危为机、浴火重生。”面对急剧变化的国际局势和错综复杂的风险挑战，如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标，亟须加速推进军事治理现代化，持续完善中国特色社会主义军事制度，始终保持制度体系的旺盛生命力和强大执行力，为如期实现建军一百年奋斗目标提供有力保障。

It is an urgent measure to solve the problem of unsmooth operation of the military system and accelerate the improvement of our military’s development efficiency. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has actively promoted the exploration and practice of military governance, particularly through deepening the reform of national defense and the military, advancing law-based governance of the military, and strengthening and improving military strategic management. This has resulted in a series of entirely new institutions and mechanisms, laws and regulations, and policies and systems. Our military’s combat capability has undergone chain-like fission and a leap in energy level. The people’s military has been reshaped and transformed, striding forward toward world-class status. Now, our military is in a critical stage of improving quality and increasing efficiency. During the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the tasks of national defense and military construction are heavier, the standards higher, and the investment greater than ever before, placing extremely high demands on precision, refinement, and excellence. However, our military still faces problems such as unsmooth system operation, insufficient cross-domain coordination, and inefficient resource integration, which constrain the full release of system-of-systems combat capability. It is necessary to comprehensively strengthen military governance, reinforce a systems concept and system-of-systems thinking, optimize organizational forms, streamline command relationships, and integrate strength and resources, to build a modern military governance system that promotes the integrated advancement of combat, construction, and preparation and operates efficiently, driving the modernization of national defense and the military to achieve high-quality development at an accelerated pace.

破解军事系统运行不畅问题、加速提升我军发展效能的迫切之举。党的十八大以来，我们党积极推进军事治理探索实践，特别是通过深化国防和军队改革、推进依法治军、加强和改进军队战略管理等，形成一系列全新的体制机制、法律法规、政策制度，我军战斗力发生链式裂变和能级跃升，人民军队重塑再造、转型升级，昂首阔步向世界一流迈进。如今，我军正处在提质增效的关键阶段，“十五五”时期国防和军队建设任务之重、标准之高、投入之大前所未有，对精准化、精细化、精益化提出了极高要求。但我军仍存在系统运行不够顺畅、跨域协同不够有力、资源整合不够高效等问题，制约了体系作战能力的充分释放。必须通过全面加强军事治理，强化系统观念和体系思维，优化组织形态、理顺指挥关系、整合力量资源，构建战建备一体推进、运行高效的现代军事治理体系，推动国防和军队现代化建设跑出高质量发展的加速度。

It is a way to strengthen the military by seizing the initiative in international military competition and seeking strategic advantage. Chairman Xi pointed out: “Deepen reforms in leadership and command systems, force structures, and policy systems to provide strong institutional support for building a consolidated national defense and a strong military and winning military competitive advantage.” [8]8 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at a meeting on deepening national defense and military reform, held in November 2016. Currently, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution is accelerating. The development of military intelligence is driving major changes in the form of modern warfare. Concepts of winning wars, winning factors, and winning methods are undergoing profound changes, and competition in the international military field is continuously escalating. International military competition is, in the final analysis, competition in the military governance system and governance capacity. Whoever can maximize the integration of comprehensive national power and the use of strategic resources, and promote innovation—especially scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of achievements—at the fastest speed and lowest cost, will seize the high ground and gain the initiative. Only by closely following the trend of advanced technological change, constructing a “two-wheel drive” model of institutions and technology, injecting technological momentum into institutional governance, promoting faster, higher-quality, more efficient, and more sustainable development of our military, transforming institutional advantages into development efficiency, and forming a winning momentum through governance advantages, can we seize the opportunity and win the future in fierce international military competition.

着眼国际军事竞争抢占先机、谋求战略主动的强军之道。习主席指出：“深入推进领导指挥体制、力量结构、政策制度等方面改革，为建设巩固国防和强大军队、赢得军事竞争优势提供有力制度支撑。”当前，新一轮科技革命和军事革命加速推进，军事智能化发展推动现代战争形态发生重大变革，战争制胜观念、制胜要素、制胜方式深刻变化，国际军事领域的竞争持续升级。国际军事竞争说到底是军事治理体系和治理能力的竞争。谁能最大限度整合综合实力、运用战略资源，以最快速度、最低成本推进创新特别是科技创新和成果转化，谁就能抢占制高点、掌握主动权。只有紧跟先进技术变革趋势，构建制度与科技“双轮驱动”的模式，为制度治理注入科技动能，推动我军实现更快速度、更高质量、更高效益、更可持续的发展，把制度优势转化为发展效能，以治理优势形成制胜强势，才能在激烈的国际军事竞争中把握先机、赢得未来。

Forge a path to promote the high-quality development of our military through the modernization of military governance.

走出一条以军事治理现代化推动我军高质量发展的路子

As the construction of national defense and the military continues to advance, the integrity, synergy, and complexity of the operation of the military system have significantly increased, and the internal operational mechanisms have undergone important changes. At the same time, our military has entered a critical period of transformation and leapfrogging, placing newer and higher demands on the operation of the military system. It is necessary to plan comprehensively and take into account all aspects, promote development through governance, and drive governance through development, using the “governance” of modernization to comprehensively enhance the “quality” of modernization.

随着国防和军队建设持续推进，军事系统运行整体性、协同性、复杂性显著上升，内在运行机理发生重要变化。同时，我军进入转型跨越的关键时期，对军事系统运行提出更新更高要求。必须全盘谋划、统筹兼顾，以治理促发展、以发展带治理，以现代化之“治”全面提升现代化之“质”。

Transform ideological concepts. Promoting the modernization of military governance is a deep-level reform that touches upon the system and reflects its essence, as well as a comprehensive innovation from concept to method, from thought to action. It is necessary to promote the high-quality development of national defense and military construction with a broader vision and newer concepts. First, establish a systematic governance concept. Be adept at using systematic thinking to observe and analyze problems, strengthen the top-level design and strategic planning of military governance, and ensure the coordinated connection of governance across all fields, the entire chain, and all levels, achieving systematic advancement with plans, priorities, and steps. Second, establish a law-based governance concept. Integrate the thinking and methods of the rule of law throughout all fields and the entire process of military governance, fully leverage the foundational role of policies and systems in regulating military relations, standardizing military practice, and safeguarding military development, and achieve the transformation from "rule by persons" to "rule by law" through scientific legislation and strict law enforcement, ensuring that military governance always operates on the track of the rule of law. Third, establish a comprehensive governance concept. Fully mobilize the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of all types of governance forces, not only leveraging the guiding, regulating, and safeguarding role of the rule of law but also emphasizing the nurturing, educating, and inspiring role of moral governance; not only employing effective traditional administrative management methods but also utilizing various high-tech means such as big data and intelligent technologies, achieving coordinated efforts and collaborative governance. Fourth, establish a source governance concept. Deeply analyze the deep-seated reasons constraining the quality and efficiency of military construction, grasp the source and fundamental factors such as policies and systems, institutional mechanisms, and standards and norms, and strive to eliminate various risks and hidden dangers before they arise by improving and perfecting source control mechanisms, achieving the unity of addressing both symptoms and root causes.

转变思想观念。推进军事治理现代化是一场触及体制、反映本质的深层次变革，也是一场从理念到方式、从思想到行动的全方位革故鼎新，要以更宽的视野、更新的理念推动国防和军队建设高质量发展。一要树立系统治理观念。善于运用系统思维观察和分析问题，加强军事治理的顶层设计与战略谋划，搞好各领域、全链路、各层级治理的统筹衔接，做到有计划、有重点、有步骤地系统推进。二要树立依法治理观念。将法治思维和法治方式贯穿于军事治理各领域全过程，充分发挥政策制度调节军事关系、规范军事实践、保障军事发展的基础性作用，通过科学立法、严格执法，实现从“人治”向“法治”的转变，确保军事治理始终在法治轨道上运行。三要树立综合治理观念。充分调动各类治理力量的积极性主动性创造性，既发挥法治的引领、规范和保障作用，也注重德治的滋养、教化和感召作用；既运用行之有效的传统行政管理手段，也运用大数据、智能化等各种高新技术手段，实现同向发力、协同共治。四要树立源头治理观念。深入剖析制约军队建设质量和效益的深层次原因，抓住政策制度、体制机制、标准规范等源头性、根本性因素，通过健全完善源头管控机制，努力将各类风险隐患消除于未萌，实现治标与治本的统一。

Grasp the main tasks. The modernization of military governance is a highly pioneering systematic project, involving all aspects of national defense and military construction. First, continuously deepen political rectification. [9]9 Political rectification (政治整训): A campaign within the People's Liberation Army to strengthen ideological and organizational discipline, often involving criticism and self-criticism sessions, aimed at ensuring loyalty to the Party. To promote the modernization of military governance, the primary task is to resolve political and directional issues, implementing and embodying the Party's absolute leadership over the military in all fields and the entire process of military construction. Political rectification is a strategic lever for deeply advancing political army building. It is necessary to strike a combination of rectifying ideology, personnel selection, organization, work style, and discipline, and continue to exert force, achieving a thorough clarification of political fundamentals and ensuring that the people's army remains forever pure and glorious. Second, ensure the implementation of reform tasks. Deeply implement the strategy of strengthening the military through reform, consolidate and expand the achievements of reform, fully release the effectiveness of reform, and provide a vibrant institutional and mechanism guarantee for high-quality development. Third, strengthen and improve strategic management. Adhere to "embracing the broad while delving into the subtle," [10]10 "Embracing the broad while delving into the subtle" (致广大而尽精微): A classical Chinese phrase from the Confucian text *The Doctrine of the Mean*, advocating both a broad perspective and meticulous attention to detail. take effectiveness as the core and precision as the orientation, update management concepts, optimize management processes, innovate management mechanisms, and improve the strategic management chain of "demand—planning—budget—execution—evaluation," enhancing the operational efficiency and construction quality and effectiveness of our military system. Fourth, deeply advance the construction of the military rule of law. Improve the military rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, forming a systematic, complete, rigorous, and efficient system of military laws and regulations, a military rule of law implementation system, a military rule of law supervision system, and a military rule of law guarantee system. Transform the way of running the military according to the requirements of the rule of law, promoting the transformation of military management from traditional experience-based to modern rule-of-law-based, and enhancing the operational effectiveness of the military system. Fifth, strengthen cross-military-local governance. Development lacking supervision will inevitably breed numerous ills. The interface between the military and local governments is a key and difficult point for supervision. From the very beginning of the 15th Five-Year Plan, [11]11 The 15th Five-Year Plan: China's national economic and social development plan covering the years 2026-2030, succeeding the current 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025). strict supervision rules must be established, cross-military-local reforms deepened, military-local integrated supervision strengthened, construction carried out under the premise of supervision, supervision efforts intensified, communication and coordination improved, authority and responsibility relationships straightened out, the responsibility system perfected, and work interfaces clarified, forming a cross-military-local work pattern characterized by each performing its own duties, close collaboration, and standardized order.

把握主要任务。军事治理现代化是一项极具开拓性的系统工程，涉及国防和军队建设方方面面。一是持续深化政治整训。推进军事治理现代化，首要的是解决政治性、方向性问题，把党对军队绝对领导贯彻和体现到军队建设各领域、全过程。政治整训是深入推进政治建军的战略抓手，要打好整顿思想、整顿用人、整顿组织、整顿作风、整顿纪律组合拳并持续发力，实现政治上的正本清源，确保人民军队永远纯洁光荣。二是抓好改革任务落地。深入实施改革强军战略，巩固拓展改革成果，充分释放改革效能，为高质量发展提供充满活力的体制机制保证。三是加强和改进战略管理。坚持“致广大而尽精微”，以效能为核心、以精确为导向，更新管理理念、优化管理流程、创新管理机制，完善“需求—规划—预算—执行—评估”的战略管理链路，提高我军军事系统运行效率和建设质量效益。四是深入推进军队法治建设。完善中国特色军事法治体系，形成系统完备、严密高效的军事法规制度体系、军事法治实施体系、军事法治监督体系、军事法治保障体系。按照法治要求转变治军方式，推动军事管理从传统经验型向现代法治化转变，提升军事系统运行效能。五是加强跨军地治理。缺乏监管的发展必然百弊丛生。军地结合部是监管重点和难点，“十五五”一开局就要立起从严监管硬规矩，深化跨军地改革，加强军地融合监督，坚持在监管前提下搞建设，加大监管力度，搞好沟通协调，理顺事权关系，健全责任体系，厘清工作界面，形成各司其职、紧密协作、规范有序的跨军地工作格局。

Adhere to scientific methods. Correct practice cannot do without the guidance of scientific methods. To promote the high-quality development of our military through high-level governance, it is necessary to master and apply scientific methods that meet the requirements of the times and reflect the laws of governance. First, adhere to the combination of systematic planning and precise policy implementation. While strengthening top-level design and conducting strategic planning from an overall and long-term perspective to ensure the correct direction and clear objectives of governance work, also insist on analyzing specific problems in specific contexts, identifying key points and breakthroughs according to the characteristics of different fields, levels, and units, and improving the pertinence and effectiveness of governance. Second, adhere to the unity of reform and innovation with following laws. While boldly exploring and daring to innovate, also respect objective laws, innovate on the basis of grasping laws, and deepen the understanding of laws through innovative practice. Third, adhere to the connection between process control and result evaluation. Not only focus on governance results, constructing a scientific performance evaluation system and measuring governance effectiveness with the standard of advanced combat effectiveness, but also strengthen dynamic monitoring and adjustment of the process, promptly discovering problems and correcting deviations, forming a closed-loop management of decision-making, execution, supervision, evaluation, and improvement, achieving a stepwise rise in governance levels. Fourth, adhere to the mutual promotion of technological empowerment and institutional support. Fully utilize modern technological means such as big data and artificial intelligence to enhance the intelligent and refined level of governance, perfect systems to regulate technological application, and use technological application to solidify institutional achievements, achieving a positive interaction between "technological governance" and "rule-of-law governance."

坚持科学方法。正确的实践离不开科学方法的指导。以高水平治理推动我军高质量发展，必须掌握和运用符合时代要求、体现治理规律的科学方法。一是坚持系统谋划与精准施策相结合。既加强顶层设计，从全局和长远进行战略规划，确保治理工作方向正确、目标清晰，又坚持具体问题具体分析，针对不同领域、不同层级、不同单位的特点，找准关键点和突破口，提高治理的针对性和有效性。二是坚持改革创新与遵循规律相统一。既大胆探索、勇于创新，又尊重客观规律，在把握规律的基础上推陈出新，以创新实践深化对规律的认识。三是坚持过程管控与结果评估相衔接。不仅关注治理结果，构建科学的绩效评估体系，以先进战斗力标准衡量治理成效，而且强化对过程的动态监控与调整，及时发现问题、纠正偏差，形成决策、执行、监督、评估、改进的闭环管理，实现治理水平阶梯式上升。四要坚持技术赋能与制度支撑相促进。充分运用大数据、人工智能等现代科技手段提升治理的智能化精细化水平，以完善制度规范技术应用，以技术应用固化制度成果，实现“技治”与“法治”的良性互动。

(Written by: Fu Wanjuan, Zou Xiaojun, Li Jun)

（执笔：傅婉娟、邹小军、李珺）