Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought Carries Forward and Develops the Excellent Traditional Chinese Economic Thought

As an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Xi Jinping’s economic thought adheres to the Two Integrations and has made significant original contributions to enriching and developing Marxist political economy. From the perspective of the history of economic thought, the experience and wisdom accumulated by Chinese civilization over its long history provide rich intellectual resources for modern economic governance. The introduction of the basic principles and methodology of Marxist political economy has placed these traditional resources within the overall logic of productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, thereby endowing them with a theoretical life of contemporary value. Marxist political economy provides a scientific analytical paradigm for excellent traditional Chinese economic thought, while excellent traditional Chinese economic thought injects practical wisdom into the innovative development of Marxist political economy; the two are highly compatible. Xi Jinping’s economic thought both adheres to the basic principles of Marxist political economy and realizes the creative transformation and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese economic thought, exhibiting a theoretical character that unites national character with the character of the times.

作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，习近平经济思想坚持“两个结合”，为丰富发展马克思主义政治经济学作出重要原创性贡献。从经济思想史的视角看，中华文明在漫长历史中积累的经验和智慧为现代经济治理提供了丰富的思想资源。马克思主义政治经济学基本原理和方法论的引入，使这些传统资源被置入生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的整体逻辑之中，获得了具有当代价值的理论生命。马克思主义政治经济学为中华优秀传统经济思想提供了科学的分析范式，中华优秀传统经济思想为马克思主义政治经济学的创新发展注入了实践智慧，二者之间具有高度契合性。习近平经济思想既坚守马克思主义政治经济学基本原理，又实现对中华优秀传统经济思想的创造性转化、创新性发展，展现出民族性与时代性相统一的理论品格。

Forging a New Height of Value in Economic Development

铸就经济发展价值新高度

Over its long historical process, Chinese civilization formed distinct value pursuits and transformed them into important orientations for economic and social development in practice. China’s ancient sages not only emphasized the growth of material wealth but also paid greater attention to the maintenance of social equity. By creatively combining Marxist value theory with the economic ethics and value pursuits embedded in excellent traditional Chinese culture, Xi Jinping’s economic thought carries forward the traditional wisdom of enriching the people and valuing life, and balancing righteousness and profit, thereby forming a modern economic ethics and value pursuit that balances efficiency and equity.

中华文明在漫长的历史进程中，形成了鲜明的价值追求，并在实践中将其转化为经济社会发展的重要导向。我国先贤不仅强调物质财富的增长，更注重对社会公平的维护。习近平经济思想通过创造性结合马克思主义价值理论与中华优秀传统文化中蕴含的经济伦理和价值追求，弘扬了富民厚生、义利兼顾的传统智慧，形成了兼顾效率与公平的现代经济伦理与价值追求。

Sublimating the distributive justice of “benefiting the people through fairness.” “To govern the world, one must first be impartial; if impartial, the world will be at peace.” [1]1 From the *Lüshi Chunqiu* (Spring and Autumn of Mr. Lü), a text compiled in the 3rd century BCE. China’s ancient sages had a profound understanding of “restraining profit with righteousness,” criticizing the situation where “the rich accumulate tens of millions, while the poor eat chaff and husks,” [2]2 A phrase from the *Han Shu* (Book of Han), the official history of the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE–9 CE). and emphasizing that “governing a state has constant principles, but benefiting the people is fundamental.” [3]3 Attributed to the *Huainanzi*, a 2nd-century BCE Daoist philosophical text. Marxist political economy holds that distribution is determined by production and in turn reacts upon production, and “what most promotes production is that mode of distribution which enables all members of society to develop, maintain and exercise their capacities as comprehensively as possible,” [4]4 A paraphrase of a passage from Karl Marx’s *Critique of the Gotha Programme* (1875). providing a scientific framework for understanding distribution issues. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out “promoting common prosperity amid high-quality development,” constructing a basic institutional arrangement where primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution are coordinated and matched, and, on the premise of holding the bottom line against a large-scale return to poverty or falling into poverty, encouraging more rural residents to become prosperous through hard work. With the solemn pledge that “in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, no one is to be left behind; on the road to common prosperity, no one is to be left behind,” [5]5 A formulation used by Xi Jinping in speeches on poverty alleviation and common prosperity. it steadily expands the size of the middle-income group and solidly advances common prosperity, allowing the fruits of modernization to benefit all the people more and more fairly. This elevates traditional concepts into a systematic mechanism for regulating social wealth, manifests the superiority of the socialist basic distribution system, and provides a solid guarantee for achieving common prosperity.

升华“利以平民”的分配正义。“治天下也，必先公，公则天下平矣。”我国先贤具有“以义制利”的深刻认识，批判“富者累巨万，而贫者食糟糠”，强调“治国有常，而利民为本”。马克思主义政治经济学认为，分配决定于生产，又反作用于生产，“而最能促进生产的是能使一切社会成员尽可能全面地发展、保持和施展自己能力的那种分配方式”，这为理解分配问题提供了科学框架。习近平总书记指出“在高质量发展中促进共同富裕”，构建初次分配、再分配、三次分配协调配套的基础性制度安排，在守牢不发生规模性返贫致贫底线前提下，推动更多农村居民勤劳致富，以“全面建成小康社会，一个不能少；共同富裕路上，一个不能掉队”的庄严宣誓稳步扩大中等收入群体规模、扎实推进共同富裕，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，将传统理念升华为系统性的社会财富调节机制，彰显了社会主义基本分配制度的优越性，为实现共同富裕提供了坚实保障。

Activating the innovation momentum of “renewing oneself daily and anew.” The Chinese nation has always revered innovation and creation. From the sayings “Zhou, though an old state, received a new mandate” [6]6 From the *Shijing* (Book of Songs), an ancient Chinese classic of poetry. and “If you can renew yourself for one day, then do so daily, and continue anew day after day,” [7]7 From the *Daxue* (Great Learning), a Confucian classic. we can see that Chinese civilization contains a profound spirit of renewal. The Marxist theory of productive forces reveals the important role of innovation in economic and social development, pointing out that science and technology themselves increasingly become an intrinsic and ever-strengthening productive force in the process of civilizational development. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes “persisting in cultivating a culture of innovation and inheriting the innovation genes of excellent traditional Chinese culture,” and puts forward a series of important judgments such as “scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening are the fundamental support for promoting the overall development situation.” This both elevates the spirit of renewal inherent in excellent traditional Chinese culture and realizes the innovative development of the Marxist view that science and technology are a driving and revolutionary force. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has deeply promoted the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, proposed the strategic task of accelerating the building of an innovative country, established the goal of becoming a leading power in science and technology by 2035, continuously deepened the reform of the science and technology system, fully stimulated the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of scientific and technical personnel, and forcefully advanced scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, injecting strong momentum into Chinese-path modernization.

激活“日新又新”的创新动能。中华民族向来崇尚创新创造。从“周虽旧邦，其命维新”“苟日新，日日新，又日新”中，我们可以看到中华文明蕴含着深厚的革新精神。马克思主义生产力理论揭示了创新在经济社会发展中的重要作用，指明科学技术本身在文明发展过程中越来越成为内在的、作用不断强化的生产力。习近平总书记强调“坚持培育创新文化，传承中华优秀传统文化的创新基因”，提出“科技自立自强是促进发展大局的根本支撑”等一系列重要论断，既高扬中华优秀传统文化中蕴含的革新精神，也实现了对马克思主义关于科学技术是起推动作用的、革命的力量的观点的创新发展。党的十八大以来，我们党深入推动实施创新驱动发展战略，提出加快建设创新型国家的战略任务，确立2035年建成科技强国的奋斗目标，不断深化科技体制改革，充分激发科技人员积极性、主动性、创造性，有力推进科技自立自强，为中国式现代化注入了强劲动能。

Enhancing New Wisdom in Macroeconomic Governance

增进宏观经济治理新智慧

Over thousands of years of development, Chinese civilization has formed a unique and effective governance system. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The rich philosophical thought, humanistic spirit, educational ideas, and moral concepts of China’s excellent traditional culture can provide beneficial enlightenment for people to understand and transform the world, and can provide beneficial insights for governance.” [8]8 From Xi Jinping’s speech at the opening ceremony of the International Conference on Confucius Institutes, 2014. Based on the complex practice of modern state governance, Xi Jinping’s economic thought creatively applies the basic principles of Marxism, sublimating the governance wisdom in excellent traditional Chinese economic thought into modern governance concepts, providing important solutions for the macroeconomic governance of a super-large country and contributing Chinese wisdom to global governance.

中华文明历经数千年发展，形成了独具特色且行之有效的治理体系。习近平总书记指出：“中国优秀传统文化的丰富哲学思想、人文精神、教化思想、道德理念等，可以为人们认识和改造世界提供有益启迪，可以为治国理政提供有益启示”。习近平经济思想立足现代国家治理的复杂实践，创造性运用马克思主义基本原理，将中华优秀传统经济思想中的治理智慧升华为现代治理理念，为超大规模国家的宏观经济治理提供了重要方案，为全球治理贡献了中国智慧。

Perfecting the regulatory art of “holding the two ends and using the middle.” The governance concept of “sincerely holding the mean” [9]9 From the *Shangshu* (Book of Documents), a collection of ancient Chinese historical documents. in the Book of Documents is an important component of the regulatory wisdom in excellent traditional Chinese economic thought. The high complexity of the modern market economy often requires a more precise grasp of the boundary between government and the market. Developing a socialist market economy, enabling the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation and the government to better play its role, is an important theoretical achievement of contemporary Chinese Marxist political economy. It profoundly reveals that the economic function of the modern state is not limited to maintaining market order and remedying market failures, but also lies in guiding the direction of economic development through macro-governance. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized “adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability,” scientifically applying the balancing wisdom of “holding the two ends and using the middle,” making interval regulation, targeted regulation, and discretionary regulation more flexible and effective. Interval regulation defines the goal of macro-regulation as a reasonable range; targeted regulation exerts precise force, conducting targeted regulation for prominent problems in economic operation; discretionary regulation flexibly adjusts policies according to changes in the economic situation. This embodies the governance realm of “reaching the vast and great while exhausting the subtle and minute,” [10]10 From the *Zhongyong* (Doctrine of the Mean), a Confucian classic. promoting a better combination of an effective market and a competent government, and providing an important guarantee for further liberating and developing productive forces and solidly promoting high-quality development.

完善“执两用中”的调控艺术。《尚书》中“允执厥中”的治理理念，是中华优秀传统经济思想中的调控智慧的重要组成部分。现代市场经济的高度复杂性，往往需要更加准确地把握政府与市场的边界。发展社会主义市场经济，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用、更好发挥政府作用，是当代中国马克思主义政治经济学的重要理论成果，深刻揭示出现代国家的经济职能不仅限于维护市场秩序、弥补市场失灵，更在于通过宏观治理引导经济发展方向。习近平总书记多次强调“坚持稳中求进工作总基调”，科学运用“执两用中”的平衡智慧，区间调控、定向调控、相机调控等更加灵活有效。区间调控将宏观调控的目标界定为一个合理区间；定向调控精准发力，针对经济运行中的突出问题进行针对性调控；相机调控则根据经济形势的变化灵活调整政策。这体现出“致广大而尽精微”的治理境界，推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合，为进一步解放和发展生产力、扎实推动高质量发展提供了重要保障。

Innovating the guarantee system of “food is the first priority of governance.” Ancient China had long held the understanding that “food is the first priority of governance.” However, the traditional security system, constrained by the small-scale peasant economic base and technological conditions, had limited guarantee capacity, mainly confined to disaster relief. Marxism holds that the production of food is the primary condition for the survival of direct producers and for all production. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that “it is necessary to implement a national food security strategy that is self-reliant, based on domestic production, ensures production capacity, imports appropriately, and is supported by science and technology,” [11]11 From Xi Jinping’s remarks at the Central Rural Work Conference, 2013. enhancing the resilience and stability of the agricultural industry chain and supply chain, strengthening the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology, and vigorously developing modern agriculture. This highlights the dialectical unity of traditional governance wisdom and modern governance capacity, providing solid support for high-quality economic development.

创新“食为政首”的保障体系。我国古代素有“食为政首”的认识。然而，传统安全体系受制于小农经济基础和技术条件，保障能力有限，作用主要局限于灾荒赈济。马克思主义认为，食物的生产是直接生产者的生存和一切生产的首要的条件。习近平总书记指出“必须实施以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑的国家粮食安全战略”，增强农业产业链供应链韧性和稳定性，强化藏粮于地、藏粮于技，大力发展现代农业，凸显传统治理智慧与现代治理能力的辩证统一，为经济高质量发展提供了坚实支撑。

Smoothing the economic circulation of “commodities and currency flow.” The market is the basic platform for economic activity. The ancients in our country early on held the concept that “the market allows one to know order and chaos, and to know abundance and scarcity.” [12]12 From the *Guanzi*, an ancient Chinese political and economic text attributed to Guan Zhong (8th century BCE). Theoretical analytical frameworks in Marxist political economy, such as those concerning economic circulation, all emphasize the smoothness of economic circulation, promoting the healthy spiral upward development of the national economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to building a unified national market, pointing out that “we must resolutely remove the blockages and obstacles hindering the construction of a unified national market,” [13]13 From Xi Jinping’s speech at the Central Economic Work Conference, 2021. striving to promote the unification of systems for property rights protection, fair competition, and quality standards, breaking down barriers to factor mobility, unblocking bottlenecks in the flow of logistics, capital, and information, promoting the transformation of traditional connectivity into institutional and systematic modern connectivity, striving to build a high-standard market system that is unified, open, orderly competitive, institutionally complete, and well-governed, achieving optimal resource allocation, and using the inherent stability and long-term growth potential of the domestic circulation to hedge against the uncertainty of international circulation.

畅通“财物流通”的经济循环。市场是经济活动的基本平台。我国古人很早就有了“市者，可以知治乱，可以知多寡”的观念。马克思主义政治经济学关于经济循环等理论分析框架都注重经济循环畅通，推动国民经济形成螺旋式上升的良性发展。习近平总书记高度重视建设全国统一大市场，指出“坚决破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设卡点堵点”，着力推动实现产权保护、公平竞争、质量标准等制度的统一，打破要素流动壁垒，打通物流、资金流、信息流堵点，促进传统意义上的联通转化为制度性、系统性的现代联通，努力建成统一开放、竞争有序、制度完备、治理完善的高标准市场体系，实现资源的优化配置，以国内大循环的内在稳定性和长期成长性对冲国际循环的不确定性。

Opening a New Realm of Ecological Economic Development

开辟生态经济发展新境界

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “The Chinese nation has always respected and loved nature; the Chinese civilization, stretching back more than 5,000 years, is rich in ecological culture.” [14]14 The “two overall situations” refers to the overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the overall situation of changes unseen in a century in the world. Xi Jinping’s economic thought, grounded in the practice of ecological civilization construction in the New Era, creatively combines the Marxist ecological outlook with excellent traditional Chinese ecological culture. It elevates simple philosophical concepts into a systematic modern ecological economic theory, transforms them into the practical driving force for developing and expanding green productive forces, and blazes a new path of ecological priority and green development. This provides a Chinese solution for breaking through the old model of opposing environmental protection and economic growth inherent in traditional development views.

习近平总书记指出：“中华民族向来尊重自然、热爱自然，绵延5000多年的中华文明孕育着丰富的生态文化。”习近平经济思想立足新时代生态文明建设实践，通过马克思主义生态观与中华优秀传统生态文化的创造性结合，将朴素的哲学观念升华为系统的现代生态经济理论，转化为推动绿色生产力发展壮大的实践动力，走出了一条生态优先、绿色发展的新路，为突破传统发展观中环境保护与经济增长对立的旧有模式提供了中国方案。

Applying the holistic concept of “harmony between man and nature” (天人合一). “Harmony between man and nature” constitutes the philosophical cornerstone of traditional Chinese ecological wisdom. The *Book of Changes* states, “To complete the way of heaven and earth, to assist the suitability of heaven and earth,” [15] which contains the ecological wisdom of acting in accordance with the laws of nature. Marxism holds that the relationship between man and nature is the most fundamental relationship in human society, revealing the dialectical unity between man and nature and providing the scientific objective laws of material circulation for “harmony between man and nature.” General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward important expositions such as “l

运用“天人合一”的整体观念。“天人合一”构成了中国传统生态智慧的哲学基石。《易经》中说“财成天地之道，辅相天地之宜”，蕴含着按照大自然规律活动的生态智慧。马克思主义认为人与自然的关系是人类社会最基本的关系，揭示人与自然辩证统一关系，为“天人合一”提供了科学的客观物质循环规律。习近平总书记提出“绿水青山就是金山银山，保护环境就是保护生产力”等重要论述，既体现了马克思主义生态观的魂脉，也蕴含着“天人合一”“万物并育”等中华优秀传统生态文化的根脉，将环境视为同人类休戚与共的亲密伙伴，揭示生态文明对于发展人类文明新形态所具有的关键意义，突破了“增长极限论”的悲观预判，超越了部分西方环保主义将生态环境保护与经济发展割裂开来的思维窠臼，实现了生态经济观的根本性跃升。

Developing the principle of “taking only in due measure”. Excellent traditional Chinese economic thought stresses “taking only in due measure and using with restraint”. For example, the *Mencius* says: “If the seasons of husbandry are not interfered with, the grain will be more than can be eaten. If close nets are not allowed to enter the pools and ponds, the fish and turtles will be more than can be consumed. If the axes and bills enter the hills and forests only at the proper time, the wood will be more than can be used.” This embodies a simple idea of sustainable development. Marxist political economy holds that natural resources, as objects of labor, are basic elements constituting the productive forces. Xi Jinping’s economic thought applies Marxist political economy to activate the principle of “taking only in due measure and using with restraint” in excellent traditional Chinese economic thought and puts it into contemporary practice, innovatively developing it into a green development path in which ecological industrialization and industrial ecology promote each other. For instance, in response to the practical challenge of how to implement protection while developing the Yangtze River basin, it clearly put forward “jointly pursuing major protection, not major development”, guiding the regions along the river onto the correct path of “protecting in development and developing in protection”. This transforms “taking only in due measure and using with restraint” into an operational and assessable regional collaborative governance plan, reflecting the systematic nature of overall planning on a grand spatiotemporal scale, effectively correcting the backward notion that environmental protection and economic growth are mutually exclusive and cannot be achieved simultaneously, promoting the mutual reinforcement of environmental protection and economic growth, and forming a Chinese experience in accelerating the cultivation and development of green productive forces.

发展“取之有度”的利用原则。中华优秀传统经济思想强调“取之有度，用之有节”，如《孟子》中说“不违农时，谷不可胜食也；数罟不入洿池，鱼鳖不可胜食也；斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也”，体现了朴素的可持续发展思想。马克思主义政治经济学认为，自然资源作为劳动对象，是构成生产力的基本要素。习近平经济思想运用马克思主义政治经济学激活中华优秀传统经济思想中的“取之有度，用之有节”原则并用于当代实践，创新性地发展为生态产业化和产业生态化互促共进的绿色发展道路。比如，面对长江流域如何在发展中落实保护的实践难题，鲜明提出“共抓大保护，不搞大开发”，引领沿江地区走上“在发展中保护、在保护中发展”的正确道路。这将“取之有度，用之有节”，转化为可操作、可考核的区域协同治理方案，体现了在宏大时空尺度上统筹规划的系统性，有力矫正了环境保护与经济增长非此即彼、不可兼得的落后观念，推动环境保护与经济增长相得益彰，形成了加快培育和发展绿色生产力的中国经验。

Activating new drivers of global economic growth

激活全球经济增长新动能

Since ancient times, Chinese civilization has upheld an open and inclusive attitude, actively engaging in exchanges and cooperation with countries around the world, making important contributions to the progress of human civilization. From the opening of the ancient Silk Road to the feat of Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Seas, the ideal of a commonwealth for all under heaven in Chinese civilization has been consistent. In today’s era of deepening economic globalization, Xi Jinping’s economic thought emphasizes mutual respect, equal cooperation, mutual benefit, and win-win outcomes, providing new ideas and solutions for solving global problems, promoting global economic growth, and advancing the progress of human society.

中华文明自古以来就秉持开放包容的姿态，积极与世界各国开展交流合作，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。从古代丝绸之路的开辟，到郑和下西洋的壮举，中华文明天下大同的理想追求一以贯之。在经济全球化深入发展的今天，习近平经济思想强调相互尊重、平等合作、互利共赢等，为解决全球性问题、促进全球经济增长、推动人类社会进步提供了新的思路和方案。

Carrying forward the long tradition of opening up in Chinese civilization. The ancients said, “Promoting trade is the way of mutual benevolence and the way of mutual benefit,” reflecting ancient China’s concept of opening up. However, the traditional open system, constrained by historical conditions, had limited degrees of openness and institutional safeguards, making it difficult to adapt to the needs of deepening economic globalization. Marxism discusses in detail issues such as world trade and the world market, explaining the essence, logic, and process of economic globalization, laying the theoretical foundation for our understanding of economic globalization today. General Secretary Xi Jinping coordinates the “two overall situations” [14]14 The “two overall situations” refers to the overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the overall situation of changes unseen in a century in the world., emphasizes “adhering to high-standard opening up and accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations mutually reinforcing”, and puts forward a series of methodologies for promoting higher-level opening up, promoting a better combination of “bringing in” and “going global”. By implementing measures such as the sealed-off operation of the Hainan Free Trade Port, it creates diverse forms of opening-up highlands, flexibly and pragmatically expands the network of economic and trade partnership relations, actively aligns with high-standard international economic and trade rules, continuously releases the dividends of institutional opening up, promotes better connectivity between domestic and international markets, drives China’s door to open ever wider, and enables China to achieve development and progress in international economic cooperation.

弘扬中华文明对外开放的悠久传统。古人说“通商者，相仁之道也，两利之道也”，折射出古代中国的对外开放观念。然而，传统开放体系受历史条件限制，其开放程度、制度保障等有限，难以适应经济全球化深入发展的需要。马克思主义详细论述了世界贸易、世界市场等问题，阐释了经济全球化的本质、逻辑、过程，奠定了我们今天认识经济全球化的理论基础。习近平总书记统筹“两个大局”，强调“坚持高水平对外开放，加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局”，提出推进更高水平对外开放的一系列方法论，促进“引进来”和“走出去”更好结合。通过落实好海南自由贸易港封关运作等举措打造形态多样的开放高地，灵活务实拓展经贸伙伴关系网络，积极对接国际高标准经贸规则，不断释放制度型开放红利，促进国内国际两个市场更好联通，推动中国开放的大门越开越大，让中国在国际经济合作中实现发展进步。

Manifesting the global vision of “the world is for all”. The Chinese ancestors cherished the beautiful expectation that “when the Great Way prevails, the world is for all”, and conducted exchanges and cooperation with the principle of valuing trust, harmony, and good-neighborliness. General Secretary Xi Jinping, with a far-sighted vision and a concern for humanity, profoundly grasps the contemporary characteristics of universal connection and interdependence among countries, proposes the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, develops the Marxist theory of world history, inherits the excellent traditional Chinese culture of “commonwealth for all under heaven” and “harmony among all nations”, and profoundly answers the question of the times: “What is wrong with the world and what should we do about it?” It emphasizes that countries with different social systems, different ideologies, different histories and cultures, and different levels of development share common interests, rights, and responsibilities in international affairs. China actively participates in global economic governance, conducts extensive cooperation through cooperation mechanisms such as the Belt and Road Initiative, injects impetus into the sustainable development of the global economy, provides new ideas and models for global economic governance, and joins hands with countries around the world to create a better future.

彰显“天下为公”的世界情怀。中国先民素有“大道之行也，天下为公”的美好期许，以讲信修睦、亲仁善邻的交往之道开展交流合作。习近平总书记以高瞻远瞩的视野、观照人类的情怀，深刻把握世界各国普遍联系、相互依存的时代特征，提出构建人类命运共同体理念，发展了马克思主义世界历史理论，传承了“天下大同”“协和万邦”等中华优秀传统文化，深刻回答了“世界怎么了、我们怎么办”的时代之问，强调不同社会制度、不同意识形态、不同历史文化、不同发展水平的国家在国际事务中利益共生、权利共享、责任共担。我国积极参与全球经济治理，通过共建“一带一路”倡议等合作机制开展广泛合作，为全球经济可持续发展注入动力，为全球经济治理提供了新的思路和模式，携手世界各国共同创造更加美好的未来。