A Scholarly Interpretation of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Asian Values

“The history of human social development shows that for a nation, for a country, the most enduring and deepest force is the core values commonly recognized by the whole society.”[n] Values, as the soul and essence of culture, are the key support for national cohesion and cultural soft power. Asian values, as the core of Asian culture, are not only the deep foundation of the cultural confidence of the Asian people but also the distinctive marker of Asian civilization’s unique identity and charm on the world stage. In the 1970s and 1980s, with the strong rise of the Asian economy, Lee Kuan Yew, Mahathir Mohamad, and others explored a value coordinate system that fit Asian cultural traditions and development needs, proposing “Asian values” with collectivism as its core. Entering the 21st century, the global order underwent profound adjustments, the international power structure accelerated its reshaping, and the world increasingly looked forward to an “Asian voice.” Since 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping, closely integrating the actual development of the Asian region and the practical needs of global governance, has systematically expounded on Asian values, forming a series of new thoughts, new viewpoints, and new theses of major theoretical value and practical significance. This series of new thoughts, new viewpoints, and new theses has a unique background of formation, a clear value orientation, and rich practical experience. It is increasingly becoming an important guide for addressing common challenges facing the Asian region, such as imbalanced economic development, cultural conflict, and security dilemmas, and is receiving growing attention.

“人类社会发展的历史表明，对一个民族、一个国家来说，最持久、最深层的力量是全社会共同认可的核心价值观。”价值观作为文化的灵魂与精髓，是民族凝聚力和文化软实力的关键支撑。而亚洲价值观作为亚洲文化的核心，不仅是亚洲人民文化自信的深厚根基，更是亚洲文明在世界舞台上独特身份与魅力的鲜明标识。20世纪七八十年代，亚洲经济强势崛起，李光耀、马哈蒂尔·穆罕默德等探寻符合亚洲文化传统与发展需求的价值坐标，提出以集体主义为内核的“亚洲价值观”。进入21世纪，全球格局深刻调整，国际权力结构加速重塑，世界越来越期待“亚洲声音”。2018年以来，习近平总书记紧密结合亚洲地区发展实际以及全球治理的现实需求，围绕亚洲价值观进行系统化阐发，形成了一系列具有重大理论价值和实践意义的新思想、新观点、新论断。这一系列新思想、新观点、新论断有着独特的生成背景、明确的价值取向和丰富的实践经验，日益成为解决亚洲地区面临的经济发展不平衡、文化冲突、安全困境等共同挑战的重要指引，受到越来越多的关注。

I. The Background of Formation and Evolutionary Trajectory of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Asian Values

一、习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述的生成背景与演进脉络

At a time when economic globalization and mutual learning among civilizations are deeply intertwined, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values have transcended being a mere cultural issue to become an important theoretical coordinate for understanding the construction of modernity in non-Western civilizations. Systematically examining their background of formation and evolutionary trajectory is not only the scholarly prerequisite for accurately grasping their ideological essence and theoretical value but also a practical necessity for constructing a global civilizational dialogue paradigm imbued with Eastern wisdom.

在经济全球化与文明互鉴深度交织的当下，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述已超越单一文化议题，成为洞察非西方文明现代性建构机理的重要理论坐标。系统考辨其生成背景与演进脉络，不仅是准确把握其思想精髓与理论价值的学理前提，更是构建具有东方智慧的全球文明对话范式的实践需要。

(I) Background of Formation

（一）生成背景

Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values possess a profound historical foundation, urgent practical needs, and a distinct cultural orientation. These discourses inherit the traditional essence of the pluralistic coexistence of Asian civilizations, embody a deep insight into the changes in the current world order, and respond to the inherent demand for the reshaping of the cultural value subjectivity of Asian civilizations, demonstrating a high degree of historical self-awareness and a sense of mission for the times.

习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述有着深厚的历史底蕴、迫切的现实需求与鲜明的文化指向。这一论述既继承了亚洲文明多元共生的传统精髓，又体现了对当今世界格局变化的深刻洞察，更顺应了亚洲各文明文化价值主体性重塑的内在诉求，展现出高度的历史自觉与时代担当。

First, the pluralistic coexistence of Asian civilizations stems from their unique material basis and long historical evolution. This is the historical foundation for the generation of Asian values and the historical origin of Xi Jinping’s elaboration of them. From the material basis, the modes of production and livelihood of Asian peoples gave rise to the pluralistic coexistence of Asian civilizations. Asia is vast, with great differences in natural conditions across regions. Therefore, Asian peoples, in their long-term production and livelihood practices, formed distinctive national cultures. In East Asia, the fertile lands of the Yellow and Yangtze River basins nurtured a farming-centered Chinese civilization. The intensive agricultural production model shaped the Chinese people’s cultural genes of diligence, resilience, and a high regard for family and the collective. In South Asia, the unique geographical environment of the Indus and Ganges river basins gave birth to the ancient Indian civilization, whose religious culture and philosophical thought deeply influence the values of South Asian people. In Central Asia, nomadic peoples moved with water and grass on the vast steppes, forming a bold, free-spirited character. In West Asia, the region of the Two Rivers, as one of the cradles of human civilization, achieved great success in commerce, trade, and urban construction, fostering a spirit of communication and innovation among the local people. From the perspective of historical evolution, although the development paths of Asian civilizations differ and they have experienced various rises and falls, Asian civilization has never been completely interrupted. This continuity provided solid support for the exchange and integration of different peoples. Throughout history, cross-regional coexistence and interaction among Asian peoples have been frequent. The ancient Silk Road and the maritime Spice Route were not only trade corridors but also bridges for civilizational exchange. The spread of Buddhism and the eastward expansion of Islam promoted the exchange and collision of different religious cultures. It was in this process of exchange and integration that Asian peoples gradually formed broad and deep value consensus, which became the living source of Asian values. Although for a considerable period this value consensus remained in an embryonic state and had not yet been fully theoretically expounded, it was already deeply rooted in the historical soil of the pluralistic coexistence of Asian civilizations.

首先，亚洲文明多元共生特质源于其独特的物质基础与漫长的历史演进，是亚洲价值观生成的历史根基，也是习近平总书记阐发亚洲价值观的历史渊源。从物质基础来看，亚洲各民族的生产生活方式，造就了亚洲文明的多元共生形态。亚洲幅员辽阔，各地区自然条件禀赋相差极大，因此亚洲各民族在长期的生产生活实践中形成了各具特色的民族文化。在东亚，黄河与长江流域的肥沃土地孕育了以农耕为核心的华夏文明，精耕细作的农业生产模式塑造了中华民族勤劳坚韧、重视家庭与集体的文化基因；在南亚，印度河流域与恒河流域独特的地理环境催生了古老的印度文明，其宗教文化与哲学思想深刻影响着南亚民众的价值观念；在中亚，游牧民族在广袤草原上逐水草而居，形成了豪放勇敢、崇尚自由的性格；在西亚，两河流域作为人类文明摇篮之一，在商业贸易与城市建设上成就斐然，培养了当地民众善于交流、勇于创新的精神。从历史演进来看，尽管亚洲各文明发展历程各异、历经兴衰变迁，但亚洲文明从未彻底中断，这种延续性为各民族交流融合提供了坚实支撑。在历史长河中，亚洲各民族跨地域相处与交融频繁。古代丝绸之路与海上香料之路，不仅是贸易通道，更是文明交流的桥梁；佛教传播与伊斯兰教东进，促进了不同宗教文化的交流与碰撞。正是在这种交流融合中，亚洲各民族逐渐形成了广泛而深厚的价值共识，这些共识成为亚洲价值观形成的源头活水。尽管在相当长的时期内，这种价值共识处于萌芽状态，尚未得到完全的理论阐发，但已经深深扎根于亚洲文明多元共生的历史土壤之中。

Second, “the accelerated evolution of changes unseen in a century in the world” is the practical basis for Xi Jinping’s elaboration of Asian values. Currently, economic globalization is deepening, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, and countries around the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, forming a community with a shared future. In this great transformation, the Asian region faces both rare development opportunities and numerous challenges. On the one hand, the Asian economy is developing rapidly, emerging economies are rising, regional economic cooperation is tightening, and Asia’s status and influence on the world stage are continuously increasing, playing an increasingly important role in international affairs. At the same time, Asian countries actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system, contributing Asian wisdom and Asian solutions to global problems. On the other hand, “the accelerated evolution of changes unseen in a century in the world” has also brought many challenges and uncertainties. The peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit, and governance deficit are becoming increasingly prominent globally, with specific and profound manifestations in the Asian region. The international situation is complex and volatile, geopolitical conflicts occur from time to time, and trade protectionism and unilateralism are on the rise, adversely affecting peace, stability, and economic development in the Asian region. Facing numerous challenges, Asian countries urgently need a powerful spiritual force to unite all parties and guide the direction. Xi Jinping keenly perceived that Asian values, as a value system deeply rooted in Asian civilizational traditions and modern practice, play an irreplaceable role in consolidating the basis of identity, deepening cooperation mechanisms, and stimulating development momentum. His timely elaboration of Asian values represents a profound grasp of the laws of Asian development and an active response to the propositions of the times, aiming to help Asian countries seize the historical initiative amidst the century-old transformation and achieve lasting peace and common prosperity through coordinated co-governance.

其次，“世界百年未有之大变局加速演进”是习近平总书记阐发亚洲价值观的现实依据。当下，经济全球化深入发展，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速推进，世界各国联系愈加紧密，日益成为休戚与共的命运共同体。在这一大变局中亚洲地区既迎来难得发展机遇，也面临诸多挑战。一方面，亚洲地区经济快速发展，新兴经济体不断崛起，区域经济合作日益紧密，在国际舞台上的地位和影响力不断提升，在国际事务中发挥着越来越重要的作用。同时亚洲国家积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，为解决全球性问题贡献亚洲智慧和亚洲方案。另一方面，“世界百年未有之大变局加速演进”也带来了诸多挑战和不确定性，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字在全球范围内日益凸显，在亚洲地区有着具体而深刻的表现。国际形势复杂多变，地缘政治冲突时有发生，贸易保护主义、单边主义抬头，给亚洲地区的和平稳定与经济发展带来不利影响。面临着诸多挑战的亚洲各国，迫切需要一种强大的精神力量来凝聚各方、指引方向。习近平总书记敏锐察觉到亚洲价值观作为深植于亚洲文明传统与现代实践的价值体系，在凝聚认同基础、深化合作机制、激发发展动能等方面具有不可替代的作用。他适时阐发亚洲价值观，是对亚洲发展规律的深刻把握和时代命题的主动回应，旨在推动亚洲国家在百年变局中把握历史主动，通过协同共治实现持久和平与共同繁荣。

Finally, including Chinese civilization, Asian civilizations are undergoing a reshaping of their cultural value subjectivity, calling for a breakthrough from the “Western-centric” civilizational narrative. This is the cultural background for Xi Jinping’s elaboration of Asian values. For a considerable period in the past, Asian civilization was in a passive position of “being narrated.” Modern China is a typical example: “the nation was humiliated, the people suffered, and civilization was tarnished; the Chinese nation experienced unprecedented calamities.”[n] The West, using its own values as the standard, interpreted and defined Asian civilization, distorting the true face and value of Asian civilization. However, as the Western modernization model, transplanted to Asia like “moving a plant to a different soil,” showed signs of maladaptation, some Asian countries realized that Western individualistic values were difficult to fully adapt to their own social development needs. Moreover, the problems exposed during Western modernization, such as widening wealth gaps and social fragmentation, made Asian countries recognize that they could not simply copy the Western modernization model. The theoretical logic of deriving Asian development paths solely from Western social experience is gradually losing its explanatory power. Based on this, Asian countries began to autonomously reconstruct their own civilizational memories, paying particular attention to consciously stripping away colonial hues and emphasizing their own national independence. Through generations of exploration, the Asian people’s mentality towards Western civilization gradually changed. Through exchange, collision, and comparison with Western civilization, they gradually built cultural confidence. This cultural confidence provides a “more fundamental, deeper, and more enduring force” for the development of each country and people, prompting Asian countries to break through the “Western-centric” civilizational narrative and explore the basic connotations of Asian values from the history and reality of Asian civilization. This became an important cultural background for Xi Jinping’s elaboration of Asian values.

最后，包括中华文明在内的亚洲各文明正经历文化价值主体性重塑，呼吁突破“西方中心论”的文明叙事，这是习近平总书记阐发亚洲价值观的文化背景。在过去相当长的一段时期内，亚洲文明处于“被表述”的被动地位。近代中国就是典型代表之一，“国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘，中华民族遭受了前所未有的劫难”。西方却以其自身价值观为标准来解读和定义亚洲文明，导致亚洲文明的真实面貌和价值被扭曲。但随着西方现代化模式在亚洲“移花接木”后出现水土不服，一些亚洲国家意识到西方个人主义价值观难以完全适配本国社会发展需求；而且西方现代化过程中所暴露出的贫富差距扩大、社会分裂等问题，让亚洲国家认识到不能简单照搬西方现代化模式。单纯以西方社会经验推导亚洲现代化发展路径的理论逻辑，其现实解释力正逐渐式微。基于此，亚洲各国开始对自身文明记忆进行自主重构，尤其注重有意识地剥离殖民色彩、强调本民族的独立自主。经过几代人的探索，亚洲人民对西方文明的心态逐渐改变，在与西方文明的交流、碰撞与对比中，逐渐建立起文化自信。这种文化自信为各国家、各民族的发展提供了“更基本、更深沉、更持久的力量”，促使亚洲各国突破“西方中心论”的文明叙事，从亚洲文明的历史与现实出发探求亚洲价值观的基本内涵，这成为习近平总书记阐发亚洲价值观的重要文化背景。

(II) Evolutionary Trajectory

（二）演进脉络

The formation of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values was not accidental; rather, it underwent a process from initial exploration to gradual deepening, from scattered viewpoints to systematic exposition, presenting a clear evolutionary trajectory.

习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述的形成并非偶然，而是经历了从初步探索到逐步深化、从零散观点到系统阐发的发展过程，呈现出清晰的演进脉络。

The period from 2018 to 2022 was the initial stage of Xi Jinping’s reflection and exposition of Asian values, manifested in Xi Jinping’s calls, during bilateral and multilateral Asian diplomatic activities, to attach importance to the significant value of Asian values, arousing widespread attention in Asian academic and political circles. In 2018, Xi Jinping, when meeting Mahathir [n3], commended him for his many years of advocating Asian values, championing independence and self-reliance, actively promoting East Asian cooperation, and adhering to a development path suited to his own country’s national conditions. In 2019, the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Malaysia, Xi Jinping and Mahathir met again, pointing out that the Asian values Mahathir championed had important practical significance under the current circumstances for advocating solidarity and cooperation among developing countries. This resonance of ideas based on Asian values in the interaction between China and Malaysia was an important opportunity for Xi Jinping to expound on Asian values. Subsequently, Xi Jinping fully affirmed the important role of Asian values on several other occasions in peripheral diplomacy. In 2021, Xi Jinping attended the “Summit Commemorating the 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of Dialogue Relations between China and ASEAN” in Brunei and delivered a keynote speech, in which he stated that the first important experience of the friendly and cooperative relationship between China and ASEAN was “mutual respect and adherence to the basic norms of international relations,” emphasizing that over the years both sides had “accommodated each other’s major concerns, respected each other’s development paths, enhanced understanding and trust through sincere communication, properly handled differences and issues through seeking common ground while reserving differences, and jointly upheld and promoted Asian values.” The stable and deep friendly and cooperative relationship between China and ASEAN countries precisely demonstrates that the independent and self-reliant development model of individual countries and multilateral regional cooperation can complement each other and achieve organic unity. This experience and wisdom accumulated through regional cooperation practice provide a highly valuable practical model for China’s exploration of this cross-cultural, cross-regional major issue.

2018年至2022年是习近平总书记思考和阐发亚洲价值观的起始阶段，表现为习近平总书记在开展单边和多边亚洲外交活动时，呼吁重视亚洲价值观的重要价值，引发亚洲学界和政界的广泛关注。2018年，习近平总书记在会见马哈蒂尔时赞赏其多年来倡导亚洲价值观，主张独立自主、积极推进东亚合作，以及坚持走适合本国国情的发展道路。2019年正值中马建交45周年，习近平总书记与马哈蒂尔再次会晤，指出马哈蒂尔所崇尚的亚洲价值观在当前形势下对于倡导发展中国家团结合作具有重要现实意义。这种中马双方互动中基于亚洲价值观的理念共鸣，是习近平总书记阐发亚洲价值观的重要契机。随后，习近平总书记又在多个周边外交场合中对亚洲价值观的重要作用予以充分肯定。2021年，习近平总书记在文莱出席“中国—东盟建立对话关系30周年纪念峰会”并发表主旨讲话，其中讲到中国与东盟友好合作关系的第一点重要经验就是“相互尊重，坚守国际关系基本准则”，强调多年来双方“照顾彼此重大关切，尊重各自发展路径，以真诚沟通增进理解和信任，以求同存异妥处分歧和问题，共同维护和弘扬亚洲价值观”。中国与东盟各国间稳固且深入的友好合作关系，恰恰说明国家独立自主发展模式与多国区域合作路径完全可以相辅相成、有机统一。这种基于区域合作实践所积累的经验与智慧，为中国探索这一跨文化、跨区域的重大议题提供了极具借鉴价值的实践范本。

The year 2023 was a critical period for the deepening of the connotation of this discourse, prominently manifested in the further clarification and widespread dissemination of the connotation of Asian values. In October 2023, Xi Jinping, in a written message to the International Symposium Marking the 10th Anniversary of the Proposal of the Concept of Amity, Sincerity, Mutual Benefit and Inclusiveness in Neighborhood Diplomacy [n4], emphasized, “Under the new era background, we will endow the concept of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness with new connotations, and promote Asian values with peace, cooperation, inclusiveness and integration at their core, providing new impetus for regional solidarity, openness and progress.” This formulation explicitly proposed that the core of Asian values is “peace, cooperation, inclusiveness and integration,” establishing a common value benchmark for the Asian region on the international stage, helping to consolidate consensus and strength among Asian countries. The following month, Xi Jinping, when meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, again mentioned Asian values. Xi Jinping stated that China and Japan should “stand on a higher plane and uphold a broader vision, promote Asian values with peace, cooperation, inclusiveness and integration at their core, practice true multilateralism, promote open regionalism, advance the process of regional integration, and jointly address global challenges.” At the end of 2023, Xi Jinping published a signed article in Vietnam’s *Nhan Dan* (People’s) newspaper titled “Building a China-Vietnam Community with a Shared Future to Open a New Chapter of Marching Together towards Modernization,” clearly stating that “over the past 10 years, the Asian people have come to realize more and more deeply that only by jointly practicing the concept of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness and promoting Asian values with peace, cooperation, inclusiveness and integration at their core can they integrate into the tide of human peace, development and progress.” This discourse further elaborated on the close connection between Asian values and the development of the Asian region, the well-being of its people, and the building of an Asian community with a shared future.

2023年是这一论述内涵深化的关键时期，突出表现在对亚洲价值观内涵的进一步明晰和广泛传播。2023年10月，习近平总书记向纪念亲诚惠容周边外交理念提出10周年国际研讨会发表书面致辞强调，“新的时代背景下，我们将赋予亲诚惠容理念新的内涵，弘扬以和平、合作、包容、融合为核心的亚洲价值观，为地区团结、开放和进步提供新的助力”。这一表述明确提出了亚洲价值观的核心是“和平、合作、包容、融合”，为亚洲地区在国际舞台上树立了共同的价值标杆，有助于凝聚亚洲各国的共识与力量。次月，习近平总书记会见日本首相岸田文雄时，再次提及亚洲价值观。习近平总书记表示中日“两国应立足更高站位、秉持更广阔视野，弘扬以和平、合作、包容、融合为核心的亚洲价值观，践行真正的多边主义，弘扬开放的区域主义，推动区域一体化进程，共同应对全球性挑战。”2023年年底，习近平总书记在越南《人民报》发表题为《构建具有战略意义的中越命运共同体开启携手迈向现代化的新篇章》的署名文章，明确指出“10年来，亚洲人民越来越深刻地认识到，只有共同践行亲诚惠容理念，弘扬和平、合作、包容、融合的亚洲价值观，才能融入人类和平、发展、进步的潮流”。该论述进一步阐述了亚洲价值观与亚洲地区发展、人民福祉以及构建亚洲命运共同体的紧密联系。

In 2024, the importance of Asian values was further highlighted on the international stage. In November 2024, Xi Jinping, during two foreign affairs events meeting with Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto, both indicated that Asian values have great significance in promoting exchanges and cooperation among Asian countries. Xi Jinping pointed out, “Advocating the coexistence and harmonious inclusiveness of diverse civilizations, practicing Asian values with peace, cooperation, inclusiveness and integration at their core, and promoting the joint development of Chinese civilization and Islamic civilization through mutual learning,” and “as major developing countries, emerging market economies, and key members of the Global South, China and Indonesia should jointly promote Asian values with peace, cooperation, inclusiveness and integration at their core, endow the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence [n5] and the Bandung Spirit [n6] with new era connotations, lead the Global South countries in unity and self-strengthening, and promote global governance towards a more just and reasonable direction.” It can be said that through a series of important activities and speeches, the important role of Asian values in regional development and cooperation in Asia has been further highlighted.

2024年，亚洲价值观的重要性在国际舞台上得到进一步彰显。2024年11月，习近平总书记在会见马来西亚总理安瓦尔·易卜拉欣和印度尼西亚总统普拉博沃·苏比延多的两场外事活动中，都表示亚洲价值观在促进亚洲各国间交流与合作方面具有重大意义。习近平总书记指出，“倡导文明多元共生、和谐包容，践行以和平、合作、包容、融合为核心的亚洲价值观，推动中华文明和伊斯兰文明在互学互鉴中共同发展”，“作为发展中大国、新兴市场国家和全球南方主要成员，中国和印尼要共同弘扬以和平、合作、包容、融合为核心的亚洲价值观，赋予和平共处五项原则和万隆精神新的时代内涵，引领全球南方国家团结自强，推动全球治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展”。可以说，通过一系列重要活动和讲话，亚洲价值观在亚洲地区发展与合作中的重要作用得到进一步凸显。

In April 2025, at the Central Work Conference on Neighborhood Affairs [n7], Xi Jinping delivered the latest discourse on Asian values, providing clearer and more comprehensive value guidance for the development and cooperation of the Asian region. In his speech, Xi Jinping emphasized the need to “hold high the banner of a community with a shared future for mankind, take the construction of the ‘Five Homelands’ [n8] of peace, tranquility, prosperity, beauty, and friendship as the common vision, take good neighborliness, peaceful coexistence, mutual prosperity, amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, and a shared destiny as the conceptual guidelines, take Asian values of peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness as the basic precept, take the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative as the main platform, and take the Asian security model of sharing weal and woe, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and dialogue and consultation as the strategic support, to join hands with neighboring countries in creating a bright future.” In the same month, Xi Jinping, when meeting with Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar, stated that China is willing to work with ASEAN to “respond to the law of the jungle where the strong prey on the weak with Asian values of peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness,” demonstrating the basic stance of Asian values in advocating cooperation, upholding fairness and justice, and promoting common development in international relations. It can be said that Xi Jinping’s latest discourse on Asian values has been integrated into the overall strategic layout of China’s neighborhood diplomacy, further enriching and developing China’s neighborhood diplomacy concept.

2025年4月，在中央周边工作会议上，习近平总书记发表了关于亚洲价值观的最新论述，为亚洲地区的发展与合作提供了更为明确而全面的价值指引。习近平总书记在讲话中强调要“高举人类命运共同体旗帜，以建设和平、安宁、繁荣、美丽、友好‘五大家园’为共同愿景，以睦邻、安邻、富邻、亲诚惠容、命运与共为理念方针，以和平、合作、开放、包容的亚洲价值观为基本遵循，以高质量共建‘一带一路’为主要平台，以安危与共、求同存异、对话协商的亚洲安全模式为战略支撑，携手周边国家共创美好未来”。同月，习近平总书记在会见马来西亚总理安瓦尔时，表示中方愿与东盟一道“以和平、合作、开放、包容的亚洲价值观回应弱肉强食的丛林法则”，展现了亚洲价值观在国际关系中倡导合作、维护公平正义、促进共同发展的基本立场。可以说，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的最新论述融入了中国周边外交的整体战略布局中，进一步丰富和发展了中国的周边外交理念。

II. The Essential Essence of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Asian Values

二、习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述的精髓要义

Asia, as one of the regions in the world with diverse forms of civilization and profound cultural traditions, has values characterized by complexity and uniqueness. As an independent intellectual achievement rooted in Asia’s actual conditions and based on the developmental laws of Asian civilization, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values encompass the fourfold essential essence of “peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness.” They deeply absorb the profound cultural wisdom accumulated over millennia of Asian civilization and closely respond to the strong collective will of contemporary Asian countries to seek common ground while respecting differences, advance hand in hand, and pursue shared development, providing important value guidance for Asia’s common prosperity and the reform of the global governance system.

亚洲作为世界上文明形态多样、文化传统深厚的地区之一，其价值观具有复杂性与独特性。作为立足亚洲本土实际、基于亚洲文明发展规律而形成的自主思考成果，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述涵盖“和平、合作、开放、包容”四重精髓要义，既深度汲取了亚洲文明千年传承所积淀的深厚文化智慧，又紧密呼应了当代亚洲国家求同存异、携手共进、共谋发展的强烈集体意志，为亚洲的共同繁荣以及全球治理体系改革提供了重要的价值引领。

(I) Rooted in Peace: Fortifying the Foundation of Security in Asia

（一）以和平为根基：筑牢亚洲安全的基础保障

In Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values, peace occupies an irreplaceable primary position and serves as the foundational guarantee for the stability of Asian security. To practice this value concept, one must insist on resolving contradictions and differences through dialogue and consultation, and on handling various disputes within Asia and between Asia and the external world by peaceful means. This is not only because peace is the primary feature of the trend of the times, but also because “today, peace and stability in Asia represent the general trend,” reflecting the common expectations of the Asian people. In view of this, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values exhibit a unique and profound security concept regarding peace in Asia. On the one hand, they emphasize process orientation and relationship governance. They propose eliminating information asymmetry through regular dialogue and communication, thereby avoiding the vicious cycle of the “security dilemma,” and “insisting on resolving disputed issues through dialogue and consultation, in accordance with international law, and by peaceful means, using dialogue to enhance mutual trust, resolve disputes, and promote security.” On the other hand, they uphold the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences, and aggregating commonalities while dissolving differences. The “common ground” here focuses on “adhering to moral principles” and “acting in accordance with international law,” rather than proceeding from a position of strength. All countries, as security actors, bear the important responsibility of maintaining their own security and that of the region; relying on external “security alliances” is by no means a long-term solution. Asia has independently explored basic norms of international relations such as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and established dialogue platforms such as the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, thereby strengthening the resilience of peace in Asia by resolving prominent issues and historical legacies.

在习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述中，和平占有无可替代的首要地位，是亚洲安全得以稳固的基础性保障。践行这一价值理念，就要坚持以对话协商化解矛盾分歧，以和平手段妥善处理亚洲域内问题以及亚洲同外部世界的各类争端。这不仅是因为和平是时代潮流的首要特征，更是因为“今天的亚洲，和平稳定是大势所趋”，体现了亚洲人民的共同期待。鉴于此，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述，在亚洲和平问题上展现出独特且深刻的安全理念。一方面，强调过程导向与关系治理。提出通过常态化对话与沟通消弭信息不对称，规避“安全困境”的恶性循环，“坚持通过对话协商，依据国际法，坚持以和平方式解决争议问题，以对话增互信，以对话解纷争，以对话促安全”。另一方面，秉持求同存异、聚同化异的原则。这里的“同”聚焦于“坚守道义”与“依据国际法”，而非从实力的角度出发。各国作为安全主体，肩负着维护自身及地区安全稳定的重要责任，依赖外部“安全同盟”绝非长久之计。亚洲自主探索出和平共处五项原则等国际关系基本准则，并建立亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议、上海合作组织等对话平台，通过解决突出问题与历史遗留问题，强化亚洲和平的韧性。

Furthermore, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values also contain a value orientation toward pursuing a path of peaceful development, revealing the inherent dialectical relationship between peace and development: peace is the prerequisite for development, and development is the guarantee for peace; the two are mutually causal and complementary. This is the fundamental path for maintaining the continuity and resilience of peace in Asia. The peace that Asian countries pursue is a rational choice that takes into account both immediate and long-term interests. To resolve Asia’s “peace deficit,” it is necessary to both address root causes and symptoms through source governance, and to enlarge the Asian cooperation cake through development, promoting cooperation for development and development for peace, thereby solidifying the foundational guarantee for Asian security.

此外，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述还蕴含着走和平发展道路的价值导向，揭示了和平与发展的内在辩证关系：和平是发展的前提，发展是和平的保障，二者互为因果、相辅相成。这是维护亚洲和平持续性与韧性的根本路径，亚洲各国追求的和平是兼顾当下与长远利益的理性选择。解决亚洲“和平赤字”，既要标本兼治、溯源治理，又要通过发展做大亚洲合作蛋糕，以合作促发展，以发展保和平，筑牢亚洲安全的基础保障。

(II) Cooperation as the Path: Building a Community Model for Asian Development

（二）以合作为路径：打造亚洲发展的共同体模式

The issue of Asian development is an important component of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values. Cooperation is the inevitable choice for Asian countries to escape isolated development; “win-win cooperation is the only way for Asian development.” This kind of cooperation integrates multiple resources, forms a synergy for development, and promotes holistic and synergistic development across Asia. Asian countries are geographically closely connected, being “neighbors that cannot be moved away.” Therefore, when countries prioritize the right to development, cooperation is elevated from an exchange of interests to a strategic choice for civilizational symbiosis. This development-oriented community innovation is both a response to the predicament of global modernity and a creative transformation of the traditional wisdom of Asian civilizations.

亚洲发展问题是习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述的重要内容。合作是亚洲各国摆脱孤立发展的必然选择，“共赢合作是亚洲发展的必由之路”。这种合作通过整合多方资源、形成发展合力，推动亚洲实现整体性、协同性的发展。亚洲各国在地理上紧密相连，是“搬不走的邻居”，因此当各国将发展权置于优先地位时，合作就从利益交换升华为文明共生的战略选择。这种以发展为导向的共同体创新，既是对世界现代性困境的回应，也是对亚洲文明传统智慧的创造性转化。

The brilliant development achievements of the Asian region over the past few decades are vivid examples of the effectiveness of cooperation. According to data from the Asian Development Bank, “from 1960 to 2018, the average annual growth rate of per capita GDP in developing Asian economies was 4.7%, ranking first among all global regions.” The economic growth, socio-economic transformation, and poverty reduction performance in Asia have fully demonstrated the powerful effect generated by the combination of traditional civilizational wisdom and modern governance concepts. It can be said that because development needs in the Asian context inherently possess the attribute of collective action, the cooperation emphasized in Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values is itself a dialectical unity of the logic of survival and the logic of civilization.

亚洲地区在过去几十年间取得的辉煌发展成就，便是合作成效的生动例证。据亚洲开发银行相关数据，“1960—2018年，亚洲发展中经济体的人均GDP年均增长率为4.7%，位居全球各地区之首。”亚洲地区的经济增长、社会经济转型和减贫表现，已经充分彰显了传统文明智慧与现代治理理念相结合所产生的强大效应。可以说，由于发展需求在亚洲语境中天然带有集体行动的属性，因此习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述所强调的合作本身就是生存逻辑与文明逻辑的辩证统一。

Moreover, Xi Jinping particularly emphasizes the role of Asian values in providing key leadership for changing the current unjust and unreasonable international political and economic order. On April 16, 2025, during talks with Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, Xi Jinping clearly stated the need to “resist ‘decoupling and severing supply chains,’ ‘small yards, high fences,’ and indiscriminate tariff hikes with openness, inclusiveness, unity, and cooperation; to respond to the law of the jungle of the strong preying on the weak with the Asian values of peace, cooperation, openness, and inclusiveness; and to counter the instability and uncertainty of the world with the stability and certainty of Asia.” A broad range of Asian countries, with China as a representative, are resisting the coercion of Western “decoupling and severing supply chains” through unity and cooperation, and are committed to advancing the reform of the global economic and financial governance system.

此外，习近平总书记特别强调要发挥亚洲价值观在改变当前不公正、不合理国际政治经济秩序中的关键引领作用。2025年4月16日，在同马来西亚总理安瓦尔会谈时，习近平总书记明确表示要“以开放包容、团结合作抵制‘脱钩断链’、‘小院高墙’和滥征关税，以和平、合作、开放、包容的亚洲价值观回应弱肉强食的丛林法则，以亚洲的稳定性和确定性应对世界的不稳定和不确定”。以中国为代表的广大亚洲国家正在通过团结合作来抵制西方“脱钩断链”的胁迫，致力于推进全球经济金融治理改革。

(III) Openness as the Engine: Re-energizing Mechanisms for Asia’s Common Prosperity

（三）以开放为引擎：亚洲共同繁荣的动能再造

The concept of openness embedded in Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values is not merely a pragmatic path for promoting regional cooperation; it also reflects an autonomous reflection on exploring Asia’s modernization path based on its own civilizational traditions. “Openness is an important driving force for the progress of human civilization and the only way to global prosperity.” At the current juncture where economic globalization is undergoing deep restructuring and Asia’s rejuvenation is advancing, openness, as a distinct gene of Asian civilization and a development strategy for Asian modernization, is reshaping the dynamic mechanism of Asia’s common prosperity. Traditional paradigms of openness tend to trap developing countries in the “international division of labor trap,” locking them into low-value-added, low-technology segments of the global economic division of labor, making it difficult for them to leap to high-value-added, high-technology segments and preventing them from fully realizing their comparative advantages and latecomer advantages. Asian countries urgently need to explore new development paths. Xi Jinping proposes “using openness to alleviate development difficulties, using openness to gather the strength of cooperation, using openness to concentrate the momentum of innovation, and using openness to seek shared benefits, thereby advancing economic globalization and enhancing the development momentum of all countries.” This not only points the way for innovating the mechanism for generating regional economic momentum but also constructs a new paradigm of openness that combines civilizational self-awareness with historical depth, serving as a strategic fulcrum for solving the challenges of Asia’s modernization transformation.

习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述所蕴含的开放理念，不只是促进区域合作的务实路径，更体现了立足自身文明传统、探索亚洲现代化道路的自主思考。“开放是人类文明进步的重要动力，是世界繁荣发展的必由之路。”在经济全球化深度重构与亚洲复兴进程交织的当下，开放作为亚洲文明的鲜明基因以及亚洲现代化发展战略，正重塑亚洲共同繁荣的动力机制。传统开放范式易使发展中国家陷入“国际分工陷阱”，被锁定在全球经济分工体系的低附加值、低技术环节，难以向高附加值、高技术环节跃升，无法真正发挥出比较优势与后发优势。亚洲各国迫切需要探寻新的发展路径，习近平总书记提出“以开放纾发展之困、以开放汇合作之力、以开放聚创新之势、以开放谋共享之福，推动经济全球化不断向前，增强各国发展动能”。这不仅为区域经济动能生成机制革新指明了方向，更构建起一种兼具文明自觉与历史纵深的新型开放范式，成为破解亚洲现代化转型难题的战略支点。

More valuably, openness is not only a value consensus but is also implemented in action; Asian openness has entered a new stage of “rule restructuring.” Asian countries, as beneficiaries of an open economy, are promoting the transformation of openness from policy-based factor openness to institutional openness, providing a strong guarantee for sustained and healthy economic development and pushing global trade and investment liberalization and facilitation to higher levels and greater stability. China, leading by example, actively “promotes all countries and parties to share the opportunities of institutional openness, steadily expanding institutional openness in rules, regulations, management, and standards.” The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is the most representative example. As the world’s largest free trade agreement, RCEP, through institutional innovations such as rules of origin cumulation and negative lists for trade in services, has constructed a rule system suited to the characteristics of developing countries. Today, Asian countries are upgrading “openness to promote development” to “openness is development,” making openness itself a key element in driving the growth of productive forces.

更为可贵的是，开放不仅是价值共识，还落实到行动中，亚洲开放已进入“规则重构”新阶段。亚洲各国作为开放经济的受益者，推动开放从政策型要素开放向制度型开放转变，为经济持续健康发展提供有力保障，推动全球贸易和投资自由化便利化迈向更高水平和更强稳定性。中国更是以身作则地主动“推动各国各方共享制度型开放机遇，稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放”，其中《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）就是最具代表性的例子。作为全球最大自贸协定，RCEP通过原产地累积规则、服务贸易负面清单等制度创新，构建了适应发展中国家特点的规则体系。如今，亚洲各国正将“开放促发展”升级为“开放即发展”，使开放本身成为推动生产力发展的关键要素。

(IV) Inclusiveness as the Goal: Maintaining the Overall Pattern of Asian Unity

（四）以包容为旨归：维系亚洲团结的整体格局

The concept of inclusiveness in Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values is a key support for maintaining the overall pattern of Asian unity. As an essential element for the harmonious coexistence of Asian civilizations, inclusiveness runs through the entire process of exchange, mutual learning, and common development among civilizations. It aims to create an Asian paradigm of equal dialogue among civilizations, thereby promoting the common development of Asian countries on the basis of seeking common ground while reserving differences, and ensuring that Asian values remain dynamic and cohesive amid diversity. Specifically, this means adhering to “mutual respect and equal treatment” and “appreciating the beauty of others, and sharing beauty together.” On the one hand, “mutual respect and equal treatment” is an important cornerstone of this paradigm. The Asian region brings together diverse cultural and religious forms, including Confucianism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity. “These civilizations have interwoven and illuminated one another on this land, composing the epic of Asian civilization’s development,” making it one of the world’s most richly diverse regions for civilizations. Therefore, while each civilization deeply explores its own profound historical heritage, unique cultural characteristics, and rich spiritual content, it should also fully respect the basic values of other civilizations, appreciate and learn from the outstanding achievements of other civilizations with an open and inclusive mindset, and thereby enhance mutual understanding and trust among different civilizations. This not only creates a favorable atmosphere for the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations but is also an important prerequisite for building an Asian home where multiple civilizations coexist. On the other hand, “appreciating the beauty of others, and sharing beauty together” represents a further升华 of this concept of inclusiveness, emphasizing that different civilizations, through exchange and mutual learning, can integrate and promote each other, forming a pattern of diverse coexistence and harmonious co-prosperity. From the perspective of the rejuvenation of Asian civilization, a pattern of diverse coexistence can stimulate the innovative vitality of Asian civilization, enabling the overall rejuvenation of Asian civilization to make greater contributions to the development of world civilization. From the perspective of the development of human civilization, a pattern of diverse coexistence and harmonious co-prosperity also helps to promote the creation of new forms of human civilization, ultimately achieving the common prosperity and progress of all humanity.

习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述中的包容理念，是维系亚洲团结整体格局的重要支撑。作为亚洲各文明和谐共生的关键要素，包容贯穿于各国文明交流互鉴与共同发展的全过程，意在打造一种文明间平等对话的亚洲范式，从而推动亚洲国家在求同存异的基础上实现共同发展，确保亚洲价值观在多元中保持活力与凝聚力。具体而言就是坚持“相互尊重、平等相待”“美人之美、美美与共”。一方面，“相互尊重、平等相待”是这一范式的重要基石。亚洲地区汇聚了儒家、伊斯兰教、佛教、印度教、基督教等多元文化与宗教形态，“各种文明在这片土地上交相辉映，谱写了亚洲文明发展史诗”，是世界文明多样性最为丰富的区域之一。因此，各文明在深入挖掘本文明深厚历史底蕴、独特文化特色以及丰富精神内涵的同时，更应充分尊重其他文明的基本价值、以开放、包容的心态欣赏和学习其他文明的优秀成果，进而增进不同文明之间的相互理解和信任。这不仅为文明的交流互鉴创造良好的氛围，更是构建多元文明共存的亚洲家园的重要前提。另一方面，“美人之美、美美与共”是这种包容理念的进一步升华，强调不同文明在交流互鉴中相互融合、相互促进，形成多元共生、和谐共荣的文明格局。从亚洲文明振兴的角度来看，多元共生的文明格局能够激发亚洲文明的创新活力，以亚洲文明的整体振兴为世界文明的发展作出更大贡献；从人类文明发展的角度来看，多元共生、和谐共荣的文明格局亦有助于推动创造人类文明新形态，最终实现全人类的共同繁荣和进步。

In summary, the four essential essences of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values demonstrate a logical evolutionary relationship from basic safeguards and development paths to dynamic engines and overall maintenance. These four aspects are interconnected and organically unified, together constituting the value guidance for Asian countries to achieve common prosperity and sustainable development.

总之，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述的四重精髓要义，体现了从基础保障、发展路径，到动能引擎、整体维系的逻辑演进关系。这四个方面相互关联、有机统一，共同构成了亚洲国家实现共同繁荣和可持续发展的价值指引。

III. The Great Significance of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Asian Values

三、习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述的重大意义

Against the backdrop of profound adjustments in the current world order and new trends in Asian development, peace, stability, and sustainable development in Asia have attracted widespread attention. Based on insights into Asian history and culture and a grasp of current realities, Xi Jinping’s systematic thinking and important discourses on Asian values represent China’s rational expression of responsibility for peace and development in Asia in the New Era, laying a solid foundation for the inheritance, innovation, and development of Asian values.

在当今世界格局深度调整、亚洲发展面临新态势的背景下，亚洲和平稳定与可持续发展备受关注。习近平总书记基于对亚洲历史文化的洞察与现实发展的把握，围绕亚洲价值观展开的系统思考和重要论述，是新时代中国对亚洲和平与发展切实负责的理性表达，为亚洲价值观的传承、创新与发展奠定了坚实基础。

(I) Promoting the Theoretical Development and Logical Framework Construction of Asian Values

（一）推动亚洲价值观的理论发展与逻辑框架构建

Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values are based on a deep integration of the traditional wisdom of Asian civilizations and the exploratory achievements of modern and contemporary times. They provide an important foundation for the theoretical leap of Asian values from an empirical form to a theoretical form, and for their systematic construction from a regional concept to a global paradigm, gradually building a value paradigm that possesses both Asian characteristics and global significance.

习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述是基于亚洲文明传统智慧与近现代探索成果的深度整合，为亚洲价值观从经验形态到理论形态的学理跃升、从区域性概念到全球性范式的体系化建构提供了重要基础，逐步构建起兼具亚洲特色与全球意义的价值范式。

From the perspective of content development, these important discourses promote the leap of Asian values from empirical description to theoretical construction. The concept of peace breaks through the limitations of traditional thinking, sublimating into a “new concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security,” expanding the connotation of security from the military domain to diverse fields such as economic cooperation, cultural exchange, and ecological protection, forming a three-dimensional security governance system. The concept of cooperation upgrades from “mutual benefit and win-win” in the economic field to the construction of a regional community across the entire spectrum of politics, security, and culture, building a multi-layered, wide-ranging cooperation framework. The concept of openness, building on traditional trade exchange, closely integrates with solving development challenges, promoting international cooperation, stimulating innovative vitality, and achieving shared development, forming an interconnected and mutually reinforcing systemic strategy that retains the open essence of exchange while incorporating the contemporary requirements of innovation-driven and shared development. The concept of inclusiveness sublimates from simple respect for cultural differences to “seeking common ground while reserving differences” and “sharing beauty together” regarding different institutional models and development paths, forming a more inclusive view of civilization. This transformation not only maintains the cultural continuity of Asian values but also endows them with strong explanatory power for reality and guiding power for action, directly promoting the modernization transformation of Asian values, elevating them from a traditional empirical form to a theoretical form with modernity.

从内涵发展维度看，这一重要论述推动亚洲价值观从经验描述到理论建构的跃升。和平理念突破传统思维的局限，升华为“共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观”，将安全内涵从军事领域拓展至经济合作、文化交流、生态保护等多元场域，形成立体化的安全治理体系；合作理念则从经济领域的“互利共赢”，升级为政治、安全、文化全领域的区域共同体建设，构建起多层次、宽领域的合作架构；开放理念在传统贸易互通基础上，与解决发展难题、促进国际合作、激发创新活力以及实现共享发展紧密结合起来，形成了一个相互关联、相互促进的系统性战略，既保留互通有无的开放本质，又融入创新驱动、共享发展的时代要求；包容理念从文化差异的简单尊重，升华为对不同制度模式、发展道路的“求同存异”与“美美与共”，形成了更具包容性的文明观。这种转化不仅保持了亚洲价值观的文化连续性，更赋予其强大的现实解释力与行动指导力，直接推动了亚洲价值观的现代化转型，使其从传统经验形态升华为具有现代性的理论形态。

From the perspective of system construction, building on the inheritance of tradition and responding to the needs of the times, Xi Jinping endows Asian values with a new connotative system and forms a tight logical framework. Among them, peace is the value foundation, aimed at solving the historical legacy of the “security dilemma” and providing a stable environmental guarantee for Asian development; cooperation is the practical path, used to address the real challenge of the “development deficit” and achieve common development through regional community building; openness is the development engine, helping to break the structural contradictions of growth bottlenecks and stimulate development vitality through continuously expanding institutional openness; inclusiveness is the path to coexistence, dedicated to eliminating value disputes arising from civilizational differences and building an ecological civilization of diverse coexistence. This connotative system is concretized through practical paths such as an Asian community with a shared future and four major global initiatives, allowing Asian values to both manifest Asian uniqueness and contribute wisdom to the world.

从体系构建维度看，在继承传统与回应时代需求的基础上，习近平总书记赋予亚洲价值观以新的内涵体系，并形成紧密逻辑框架。其中，和平是价值根基，旨在解决“安全困境”这一历史遗留难题，为亚洲发展提供稳定的环境保障；合作是实践路径，用于应对“发展赤字”的现实挑战，通过区域共同体建设实现共同发展；开放是发展动能，助力破解增长瓶颈的结构性矛盾，通过持续扩大制度型开放激发发展活力；包容是共生之道，致力于消弭文明差异而引发的价值纷争，构建多元共生的文明生态。这一内涵体系通过亚洲命运共同体、四大全球倡议等实践路径具体化，让亚洲价值观既彰显亚洲独特性，又为全球贡献智慧。

(II) Expanding the Regionalized Practical Paradigm of Common Values of All Humankind in the Asian Context

（二）拓展全人类共同价值在亚洲语境下的区域化实践范式

Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values bridge the boundaries between traditional and modern civilizations in Asia, while also responding to the criticisms of Asian values that have emerged since the 20th century. After the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis, mainstream Western public opinion attributed the crisis to Asian values, arguing that they had led to institutional defects such as “authoritarian politics” and “crony capitalism.” Some went further, denying the rationality of Asian values, claiming that the cultural background of the Asian region was too complex and diverse to be summarized into a unified set of values. Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values precisely respond to these criticisms and demonstrate the powerful vitality and adaptability of Asian civilization in practice. Asian countries achieve common development through cooperation and mutual assistance, maintain peace in Asia through good-neighborliness, ensuring neighbors’ security, and benefiting neighbors, and use the unique resilience of Asian civilization to reconcile the relationships between freedom and authority, and between the individual and the collective. In doing so, they propose an inclusive development path for world civilization and provide an Asian solution for the modernization transformation of traditional civilizations.

习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述打通了亚洲传统与现代文明的界限，同时回应了20世纪以来对亚洲价值观的质疑。1997—1998年亚洲金融危机爆发后，西方主流舆论将危机归咎于亚洲价值观，认为其导致了“威权政治”“裙带资本主义”等制度缺陷。更有甚者否定亚洲价值观的合理性，认为亚洲地区文化背景复杂多样，难以概括出统一的价值观。习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述恰恰回应了这些质疑，并在实践中展现出亚洲文明强大的生命力与适应性。亚洲各国以合作互助实现共同发展，以睦邻、安邻、惠邻维护亚洲和平，以亚洲文明的独特韧性调和自由与权威、个体与群体的关系，从而为世界文明提出了包容性发展路径，为传统文明现代化转型提供了亚洲方案。

The core of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values is highly compatible with the common values of all humanity; it is the localized wisdom crystallised from the fertile soil of Asian culture, embodying the common values of all humanity. Analysed from the perspective of their inner content, the Asian values in Xi Jinping’s relevant discourses and the common values of all humanity are intrinsically unified. The Asian values of peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness are the regionalised form of expression and practical paradigm of the common values of all humanity — peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom — representing their creative transformation and innovative development within the soil of Asian culture. Specifically, peace occupies a primary and core position in Xi Jinping’s discourses on Asian values, constituting a fundamental and overarching value category within the common values of all humanity. In the process of Asian development, with the common pursuit of development as its cornerstone, a “cooperation-type growth” paradigm for Asian development has emerged, injecting powerful momentum into regional prosperity. Fairness and justice are concretised in Asian social governance as the principle of “extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits,” emphasising equal participation by all parties, joint decision-making and shared outcomes, thereby continuously improving the system of Asian social governance. The inclusive character highlighted in Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values embodies a profound respect for the diversity of national development paths and social systems. This inclusive concept not only reflects respect for and maintenance of cultural diversity but also provides a value foundation for building harmonious and stable international relations. It can be said that Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values naturally contain the genes of the common values of all humanity and, in combination with Asian social realities, have formed a system of expression adapted to Asian civilisation. This systematic discourse, through its tangible utility, breaks through the illusory imagination of value-neutral civilisation and powerfully transcends the narrow limitations of Western “universal values,” offering an Asian solution rich in wisdom and reference value for enriching and developing new forms of human civilisation.

习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述的内核与全人类共同价值高度契合，是全人类共同价值在亚洲文化沃土上孕育出的本土化智慧结晶。从内涵剖析，习近平总书记相关论述中的亚洲价值观与全人类共同价值是内在统一的。和平、合作、开放、包容的亚洲价值观是和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值的区域化表现形式和实践范式，是在亚洲文化土壤中的创造性转化、创新性发展。具体而言，和平在习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的论述中占据首要且核心的地位，是全人类共同价值中具有根本性、统摄性的价值范畴。在亚洲发展进程中，以共同发展诉求为基石，催生出“合作型增长”的亚洲发展范式，为地区繁荣注入强大动力。公平正义在亚洲社会治理中具象化为“共商共建共享”的治理原则，强调各方平等参与、共同决策、共享成果，推动亚洲社会治理体系不断完善。习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述彰显的包容特质，蕴含着对国家发展道路和社会制度多样性的深刻尊重。这种包容理念不仅体现了对文化多样性的尊重与维护，也为构建和谐稳定的国际关系提供了价值基础。可以说，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述天然蕴含着全人类共同价值的基因，并结合亚洲社会实际形成了适应亚洲文明的表达体系。这一系统论述以实实在在的效用，突破了文明价值中立的虚幻想象，有力超越了西方“普世价值”的狭隘局限，为丰富和发展人类文明新形态提供了富有智慧和借鉴意义的亚洲方案。

(III) Providing Asian Wisdom for Resolving the “Clash of Civilisations Theory”

（三）为破解“文明冲突论”提供亚洲智慧

Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values not only accurately reveal the intrinsic characteristics of Asian civilisation but also, by advocating a symbiotic view of diverse civilisations, provide Asian wisdom for resolving the predicament of civilisation and building a rational civilisational order, transcending the narrow paradigm of the “clash of civilisations theory” with a high degree of theoretical self-awareness.

习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述不仅准确揭示了亚洲文明的内在特质，更通过倡导多元共生文明观，为破解文明困境、构建合理文明秩序提供了亚洲智慧，以高度的理论自觉超越了“文明冲突论”的狭隘范式。

First, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values provide important guidance for Asian countries to promote Asian civilisation and deepen mutual learning among civilisations. The Asian civilisation system is essentially a symbiotic system of “harmony in diversity.” [n14] Taking Chinese civilisation as an example, Chinese civilisation has developed and rejuvenated through exchange and mutual learning with other Asian civilisations, and China has always been a supporter, practitioner and promoter of Asian values. “Chinese civilisation is an open system formed through continuous exchange and mutual learning with other civilisations. From the historical eastward transmission of Buddhism and the ‘Confucian-Islamic synthesis,’ [n15] to the modern ‘eastward transmission of Western learning,’ [n16] the New Culture Movement, [n17] and the introduction of Marxism and socialist thought into China, and then to the comprehensive opening up since reform and opening up, Chinese civilisation has always been renewed through eclecticism.” [n18] Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values emphasise that civilisations do not exist in isolation but are mutually influential, interactive, symbiotic and co-evolutionary. This thinking fundamentally transcends the “clash of civilisations theory,” advocating that different civilisations respect, learn from and develop together on an equal basis, providing a more solid value foundation for civilisational exchange and harmonious coexistence in Asia and the world.

首先，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述为亚洲各国弘扬亚洲文明、深化文明互鉴提供了重要遵循。亚洲文明体系本质上是“和而不同”的共生系统。以中华文明为例，中华文明在与其他亚洲文明交流互鉴中走向发展与复兴，中国始终是亚洲价值观的拥护者、实践者与推动者。“中华文明是在同其他文明不断交流互鉴中形成的开放体系。从历史上的佛教东传、‘伊儒会通’，到近代以来的‘西学东渐’、新文化运动、马克思主义和社会主义思想传入中国，再到改革开放以来全方位对外开放，中华文明始终在兼收并蓄中历久弥新”。习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述强调文明间并非孤立存在，而是相互影响、互动共生、协同演进的关系。这种思维从根本上超越了“文明冲突论”，倡导不同文明在平等的基础上相互尊重、相互学习、共同发展，为亚洲乃至全球的文明交流与和谐共生提供了更加坚实的价值基础。

Second, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values deeply reshape the rule system for constructing regional order, demonstrating strong vitality and influence in Asian governance practice and becoming an important factor driving governance reform in Asia and the world. Many problems in international relations arise from differences in the cognitive dimension of values. “‘The clash of civilisations theory’ is essentially a matter of covering the rational eye with arrogance and prejudice and promoting cultural hegemony in an arrogant and unreasonable manner.” [n19] China, as an active practitioner of Asian values, has always upheld the concepts of openness, inclusiveness, harmony and coexistence, and has worked together with many Asian countries to gradually build a set of “Asian solutions” for resolving civilisational disputes and contradictions. This solution, with Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values at its core, emphasises mutual respect, equal consultation, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and win-win cooperation, providing an effective path for the harmonious coexistence of diverse civilisations in the Asian region. As early as 1954, China, together with India and Myanmar, jointly advocated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence; [n20] later, through equal consultation, it signed border treaties with 12 of its 14 land neighbours, properly resolving land border issues. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, [n21] in the face of a complex and changing international situation and regional hotspot issues, China has actively played a constructive role, contributing Chinese wisdom to the political resolution of regional hotspot issues such as the Korean Peninsula issue, the Afghanistan issue, the Myanmar issue and the Iran issue. This series of practices breaks through the Western realist logic of power politics, powerfully refutes the “clash of civilisations theory,” and also triggers a revolutionary transformation in global civilisational cognition, showing the world the great potential of Asian values in solving global problems and promoting the progress of human civilisation, injecting profound Asian wisdom and strength into building a community with a shared future for mankind.

其次，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述深度重塑区域秩序建构的规则体系，在亚洲治理实践中彰显出强大的生命力与影响力，成为推动亚洲乃至全球治理变革的重要因素。国际关系中的不少问题是价值观认知层面的差异所导致的。“‘文明冲突论’本质上是以傲慢和偏见蒙住理性之眼、以蛮横无理的方式推行文化霸权。”中国作为亚洲价值观的积极践行者，始终秉持开放包容、和合共生的理念，与众多亚洲国家携手，逐步构建起一套化解文明争议与矛盾的“亚洲方案”。这一方案以习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述为内核，强调相互尊重、平等协商、求同存异、合作共赢，为亚洲地区多元文明的和谐共处提供了有效路径。早在1954年，中国就与印度、缅甸共同倡导了和平共处五项原则；之后又通过平等协商，同14个陆上邻国中的12个国家签订边界条约，妥善解决了陆地边界问题。党的十八大以来，面对复杂多变的国际形势和地区热点问题，中国积极发挥建设性作用，为推动政治解决朝鲜半岛问题、阿富汗问题、缅甸问题、伊朗问题等地区热点问题积极贡献中国智慧。这一系列实践突破西方现实主义权力政治逻辑，有力驳斥“文明冲突论”，也引发全球文明认知的革命性转变，让世界看到亚洲价值观在解决全球性问题、推动人类文明进步方面的巨大潜力，为构建人类命运共同体注入深厚的亚洲智慧与力量。

Finally, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values demonstrate Chinese wisdom in handling inter-civilisational relations and North-South relations, making beneficial explorations for bridging differences between different civilisations. On the one hand, this discourse abandons the binary oppositional thinking of “either-or,” adheres to cultural subjectivity, emphasises taking oneself as the main body while absorbing the essence of foreign civilisations, and resists cultural hegemony; at the same time, it actively builds bridges for exchange between different civilisations, taking the common values of all humanity as the core basis for mutual learning among civilisations, constructing a “value concentric circle.” On the other hand, this discourse provides important experience for the Global South and developing countries and regions to explore independent development paths, break the myth of Western modernisation, and defend cultural subjectivity and civilisational diversity. Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values grasp the important characteristics of Asian civilisation, such as its emphasis on collective interests, moral ethics, and attention to social stability. This precise grasp and flexible application of civilisational characteristics contain rich practical wisdom, providing important intellectual resources and practical references for Global South countries seeking development paths that conform to their own laws and achieve sustainable development in the wave of economic globalisation.

最后，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述在处理文明间关系和南北关系中展现出中国智慧，对弥合不同文明间的分歧进行了有益探索。一方面，这一论述既摒弃非此即彼的二元对立思维，坚守文化主体性，在吸收外来文明精华时强调以我为主、抵制文化霸权；同时积极主动搭建不同文明交流的桥梁，将全人类共同价值作为不同文明互学互鉴的核心基点，构建“价值同心圆”。另一方面，这一论述为全球南方和发展中国家和地区探索自主发展道路、破除西方现代化迷思、捍卫文化主体性与文明多样性提供了重要经验。习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述把握了亚洲文明强调集体利益、道德伦理，注重社会秩序的稳定等重要特点。这种对文明特质的精准把握与灵活运用，蕴含着丰富的实践智慧，为全球南方国家在经济全球化浪潮中探寻符合自身发展规律、实现可持续发展的道路，提供了重要的思想资源和实践参照。

In summary, Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values, as an important concept for building an Asian community with a shared future, possess rich scholarly connotations and great significance. This discourse is not only the precise grasp by Chinese Communists in the New Era of the intrinsic characteristics and development laws of Asian civilisation, but also a profound response to the epochal question of “What is happening to the world, and where is humanity heading?” It is the crystallised wisdom guiding the progress of Asian civilisation and promoting the common development of human society. China has always upheld the spiritual core of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on Asian values, presenting a foreign policy framework with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style and Chinese manner through its own actions. By actively participating in global governance, promoting regional cooperation, and facilitating cultural exchanges, China has continuously enhanced its international influence, appeal and shaping power, playing an increasingly important constructive role on the international stage and making new and greater contributions to peace and development in Asia and the world.

总之，习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观的重要论述作为推动亚洲命运共同体建设的重要理念，具有丰富的学理内涵与重大意义。这一论述不仅是新时代中国共产党人对亚洲文明内在特质与发展规律的精准把握，更是对“世界怎么了、人类往何处去”这一时代之问的深刻回应，是引领亚洲文明进步、促进人类社会共同发展的智慧结晶。中国始终秉持习近平总书记关于亚洲价值观重要论述的精神内核，以身体力行的姿态，在国际舞台上展现出具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的对外工作格局。通过积极参与全球治理、推动区域合作、促进文化交流等一系列举措，中国自身国际影响力、感召力、塑造力不断提升，在国际舞台上发挥着愈发重要的建设性作用，正在为亚洲乃至世界的和平与发展作出新的更大贡献。

Authors’ affiliation: School of Marxism, Fudan University

作者单位：复旦大学马克思主义学院