The Scientific Guidance for Developing Socialist Culture with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era

Cultural prosperity is an important hallmark of Chinese-path modernization, and socialist culture with Chinese characteristics is a powerful spiritual force inspiring the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China to advance courageously. General Secretary Xi Jinping has made major deployments and put forward important requirements for developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era. In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “We must anchor ourselves to the strategic goal of building a strong cultural country by 2035, uphold Marxism as the fundamental guiding ideology, take root in the profound and extensive Chinese civilization, follow the trend of information technology development, and continuously develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era that possesses strong ideological guidance, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, so as to constantly strengthen the people’s spiritual strength and consolidate the cultural foundation for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.” The important works of General Secretary Xi Jinping included in Volumes 1 and 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, with their rich content, profound thought, complete system, and rigorous academic reasoning, systematically answer the major questions of what kind of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the New Era and how to uphold and develop it. We must deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, study and make good use of Volumes 1 and 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, profoundly grasp the theoretical origins, practical foundation, direction of progress, and principled requirements for developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, maintain ideological clarity and firmness in action, and contribute greater strength to writing a new chapter in cultural construction in the New Era and building a strong cultural country.

文化繁荣兴盛是中国式现代化的重要标志，中国特色社会主义文化是激励全党全国各族人民奋勇前进的强大精神力量。习近平总书记作出发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化的重大部署并提出重要要求。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出：“我们要锚定二〇三五年建成文化强国的战略目标，坚持马克思主义这一根本指导思想，植根博大精深的中华文明，顺应信息技术发展潮流，不断发展具有强大思想引领力、精神凝聚力、价值感召力、国际影响力的新时代中国特色社会主义文化，不断增强人民精神力量，筑牢强国建设、民族复兴的文化根基。”《习近平文化文选》第一卷、第二卷收入的习近平总书记重要著作，以丰富的内容、深邃的思想、完整的体系和严谨的学理，系统回答了新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义文化、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义文化的重大课题。我们要深入学习贯彻习近平文化思想、学好用好《习近平文化文选》第一卷、第二卷，深刻把握发展中国特色社会主义文化的理论渊源、实践基础、前进方向、原则要求，保持思想上的清醒和行动上的坚定，为谱写新时代文化建设新篇章、建设文化强国贡献更大力量。

Clarifying the Theoretical Origins and Practical Foundation of Socialist Culture with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era

明确新时代中国特色社会主义文化的理论渊源和实践基础

In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics originates from the fine traditional Chinese culture nurtured by the five-thousand-year history of Chinese civilization, is forged from the revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture created by the Party leading the people in revolution, construction, and reform, and is rooted in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics adheres to the guidance of Marxism, inherits and develops the fine traditional Chinese culture, manifests the essential attributes of socialism, possesses distinct Chinese characteristics, and is the continuation and development of the historical practice of cultural construction led by the Party.

《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出：“中国特色社会主义文化，源自于中华民族五千多年文明历史所孕育的中华优秀传统文化，熔铸于党领导人民在革命、建设、改革中创造的革命文化和社会主义先进文化，植根于中国特色社会主义伟大实践。”中国特色社会主义文化坚持以马克思主义为指导，传承发展中华优秀传统文化，彰显社会主义本质属性，具有鲜明中国特色，是党领导文化建设历史实践的延续和发展。

It has a solid theoretical foundation and practical basis. On June 2, 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping attended the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development and delivered an important speech, emphasizing: “Continuously cultivate and create socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era” and “work together to create a new culture belonging to our era.” Developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era is the latest achievement of the Party’s leadership in cultural construction over the past hundred years. Our Party is an advanced political party established under the guidance of Marxist scientific theory, and it has always represented the forward direction of China’s advanced culture. In practice, the Party has focused on using culture to lead the direction of progress and unite the strength of struggle. In the process of leading the Chinese revolution, Comrade Mao Zedong proposed “establishing a new culture for the Chinese nation,” using revolutionary culture to hold high the torch of the national spirit and inspiring the Chinese people to fight bloody battles and persevere through countless hardships. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, based on the overall situation of the Party’s and the country’s undertakings, has insisted on placing cultural construction in a prominent position in governing the country, forming Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, which provides scientific guidance and fundamental principles for developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era. As the cultural chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture upholds and develops Marxist cultural theory, comprehensively advances theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, and practical innovation in cultural construction with a high degree of cultural consciousness and cultural confidence, guiding the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China to continuously explore and innovate on the path of developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, allowing Marxism to radiate even more brilliant truth.

具有坚实的理论根基和实践基础。2023年6月2日，习近平总书记出席文化传承发展座谈会并发表重要讲话，强调：“不断培育和创造新时代中国特色社会主义文化”“共同努力创造属于我们这个时代的新文化”。发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化，是百余年来我们党领导文化建设的最新成果。我们党是马克思主义科学理论指导下成立的先进政党，始终代表中国先进文化的前进方向。实践中，我们党注重运用文化引领前进方向、凝聚奋斗力量。在领导中国革命的进程中，毛泽东同志就提出“建立中华民族的新文化”，用革命文化高擎民族精神火炬，激励中国人民浴血奋战、百折不挠。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央立足党和国家事业发展全局，坚持把文化建设摆在治国理政突出位置，形成习近平文化思想，为发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化提供科学指南和根本遵循。作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇，习近平文化思想坚持和发展了马克思主义文化理论，以高度的文化自觉和文化自信全面推进文化建设的理论创新、制度创新和实践创新，指引全党全国各族人民在中国特色社会主义文化发展道路上不断探索、开拓创新，让马克思主义绽放出更加璀璨的真理光芒。

It is deeply rooted in the fine traditional Chinese culture. In Volume 1 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “The fine traditional Chinese culture is our deepest cultural soft power and also the cultural fertile soil in which socialism with Chinese characteristics is rooted.” Chinese culture is the only ancient culture in the world that has never been interrupted. The fine traditional Chinese culture created by the five-thousand-year history of Chinese civilization records the spiritual activities, rational thinking, and cultural achievements of the Chinese nation in its long-term struggle, reflecting the spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, the core content of which has become the most basic cultural gene of the Chinese nation. In Volume 1 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Only by proceeding from history toward the future, and by carrying forward the cultural bloodline of the nation, can we accomplish today’s undertakings.” Chinese Communists have always been faithful inheritors and promoters of the fine traditional Chinese culture, and have always attached great importance to absorbing the nutrients of the fine traditional Chinese culture. Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era inherits the fine traditional Chinese culture, while at the same time, based on the new characteristics and new requirements of the New Era, it promotes the creative transformation and innovative development of the fine traditional Chinese culture. Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era not only upholds the guiding position of Marxism but also continues the root of Chinese culture, reflecting the Party’s strong sense of cultural mission.

深深植根中华优秀传统文化。《习近平文化文选》第一卷中，习近平总书记强调：“中华优秀传统文化是我们最深厚的文化软实力，也是中国特色社会主义植根的文化沃土。”中华文化是世界上唯一没有中断的古老文化，中华民族五千多年文明史创造的中华优秀传统文化，记载了中华民族在长期奋斗中开展的精神活动、进行的理性思维、创造的文化成果，反映了中华民族的精神追求，其中最核心的内容已经成为中华民族最基本的文化基因。《习近平文化文选》第一卷中，习近平总书记指出：“只有坚持从历史走向未来，从延续民族文化血脉中开拓前进，我们才能做好今天的事业。”中国共产党人始终是中华优秀传统文化的忠实继承者和弘扬者，历来十分重视汲取中华优秀传统文化的养分。新时代中国特色社会主义文化继承中华优秀传统文化，同时立足新时代的新特点新要求，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展。新时代中国特色社会主义文化既坚持马克思主义指导地位，又赓续中华文化根脉，体现出我们党极强的文化使命担当。

It is based on the historical process of human civilization development. In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Only in the long river of the entire development of human history can we see through the essence of historical movements and the direction of the times.” From ancient times to the present, human civilization has always been a dynamic and changing whole. Any civilization, no matter which country or nation’s social soil it arises from, is fluid and open. In the long process of evolution, Chinese civilization has gained rich nourishment from exchanges with other civilizations and has also made important contributions to the progress of human civilization. At present, the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century in the world form the temporal orientation for developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is a major achievement of the Party’s theoretical innovation and creation in the New Era. It reveals the mission and tasks of developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era from the historical logic of human civilization development, contains strong ideological guidance, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, and consolidates and strengthens the cultural confidence and civilizational confidence of the Chinese nation.

立足人类文明发展的历史进程。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出：“只有在整个人类发展的历史长河中，才能透视出历史运动的本质和时代发展的方向。”从古到今，人类文明始终是动态变化的整体。任何一种文明，不管产生于哪个国家、哪个民族的社会土壤之中，都是流动的、开放的。在长期演化过程中，中华文明从与其他文明的交流中获得了丰富营养，也为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。当前，中华民族伟大复兴的战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，形成发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化的时代方位。习近平文化思想是新时代党进行理论创新创造的重大成果，从人类文明发展的历史逻辑揭示发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化的使命任务，蕴含着强大的思想引领力、精神凝聚力、价值感召力、国际影响力，巩固和增强了中华民族的文化自信和文明自信。

Clarifying the Direction of Progress for Socialist Culture with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era

明确新时代中国特色社会主义文化的前进方向

In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics means taking Marxism as the guide, adhering to the Chinese cultural standpoint, basing ourselves on the contemporary reality of China, combining it with the conditions of the current era, and developing a socialist culture that is oriented toward modernization, toward the world, and toward the future, that is national, scientific, and popular, and promoting the coordinated development of socialist cultural-ethical progress and material progress.” In his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized: “Develop a socialist culture that is oriented toward modernization, toward the world, and toward the future, that is national, scientific, and popular.” General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on “oriented toward modernization, toward the world, and toward the future” is both based on China’s actual conditions and focused on human development. It profoundly reveals the contemporary characteristics, international vision, and historical responsibility of the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era, points out the direction of progress for continuously developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics for the New Era, and has important strategic significance for building a strong socialist cultural country, enhancing national cultural soft power, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出：“发展中国特色社会主义文化，就是以马克思主义为指导，坚守中华文化立场，立足当代中国现实，结合当今时代条件，发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化，推动社会主义精神文明和物质文明协调发展。”习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中进一步强调：“发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化”。习近平总书记关于“面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来”的重要论述，既立足中国实际又着眼人类发展，深刻揭示了新时代中国特色社会主义文化建设的时代特征、国际视野和历史担当，为不断发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化指明了前进方向，对于建设社会主义文化强国、增强国家文化软实力、实现中华民族伟大复兴具有重要战略意义。

Facing modernization. This is the primary task of the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, emphasizing that cultural construction must adapt to and serve the needs of comprehensively building a modern socialist country. Elaborating the cultural foundation of modernization is an important viewpoint of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, and it constitutes the cultural basis for the theoretical innovation of Chinese-path modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has united and led the people to successfully forge the path of Chinese-path modernization, achieving a major transcendence of Western modernization theory and practice, and breaking the myth that "modernization equals Westernization." An important manifestation of this is placing cultural construction in a more prominent position. In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Civilization is a notable hallmark of a modern country," "Without the flourishing development of socialist culture, there can be no socialist modernization," and "Chinese-path modernization is deeply rooted in fine traditional Chinese culture, embodies the advanced nature of scientific socialism, draws on and absorbs all outstanding achievements of human civilization, represents the direction of the development of human civilizational progress, and presents a new picture different from the Western model of modernization; it is a completely new form of human civilization." These important expositions endow socialist culture with Chinese characteristics with new connotations as the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization, reflecting the theoretical innovation logic of developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

面向现代化。这是中国特色社会主义文化发展的首要任务，强调文化建设必须适应并服务于全面建设社会主义现代化国家的需要。阐述现代化的文化根基是习近平文化思想的重要观点，成为中国式现代化理论创新的文化基础。党的十八大以来，我们党团结带领人民成功走出中国式现代化道路，实现了对西方现代化理论和实践的重大超越，打破了“现代化=西方化”的迷思，一个重要体现就是把文化建设摆在更加突出的位置。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记强调：“文明是现代化国家的显著标志”“没有社会主义文化繁荣发展，就没有社会主义现代化”“中国式现代化，深深植根于中华优秀传统文化，体现科学社会主义的先进本质，借鉴吸收一切人类优秀文明成果，代表人类文明进步的发展方向，展现了不同于西方现代化模式的新图景，是一种全新的人类文明形态”。这些重要论述，赋予中国特色社会主义文化以中国式现代化的文化形态新内涵，体现发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化的理论创新逻辑。

Facing the world. This is an inevitable requirement for the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, emphasizing that we must enhance the country's cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese civilization with a global vision. In Volume 1 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Enhancing the country's cultural soft power is not only related to our country's position in the global cultural landscape but also to our country's international status and international influence, and to the realization of the 'Two Centenary Goals'[n] and the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." Cultural soft power is an important component of comprehensive national power. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture closely links the development of national cultural soft power with continuing to promote cultural prosperity and building a strong cultural country, emphasizing that to enhance national cultural soft power, we must "strive to spread contemporary Chinese values," and clearly states that "contemporary Chinese values are precisely the values of socialism with Chinese characteristics, representing the forward direction of China's advanced culture." Cultural confidence does not mean self-seclusion. Facing the world means drawing on and absorbing all outstanding achievements of human civilization with a broad mind, enriching and developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics through comparison, contrast, critique, and absorption, and avoiding falling into narrow nationalism. In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Today, when the future and destiny of all countries are closely connected, the inclusive coexistence, exchange, and mutual learning of different civilizations play an irreplaceable role in advancing the process of human societal modernization and enriching the garden of world civilizations." Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, focusing on the world landscape of ideological and cultural ferment, advocates a view of civilization based on equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, promotes exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, provides theoretical guidance for building a New Era socialist culture with Chinese characteristics that faces the world, and contributes Chinese wisdom to solving global problems.

面向世界。这是中国特色社会主义文化发展的必然要求，强调要以世界眼光不断提升国家文化软实力和中华文明影响力。《习近平文化文选》第一卷中，习近平总书记指出：“提高国家文化软实力，不仅关系我国在世界文化格局中的定位，而且关系我国国际地位和国际影响力，关系‘两个一百年’奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的实现。”文化软实力是综合国力的重要组成部分。习近平文化思想将发展国家文化软实力与继续推动文化繁荣、建设文化强国紧密联系起来，强调提高国家文化软实力，要“努力传播当代中国价值观念”，明确提出“当代中国价值观念，就是中国特色社会主义价值观念，代表了中国先进文化的前进方向”。文化自信不等于自我封闭。面向世界意味着以博大的胸襟借鉴吸收人类一切优秀文明成果，在比较、对照、批判、吸收中丰富和发展中国特色社会主义文化，避免陷入狭隘的民族主义。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出：“在各国前途命运紧密相连的今天，不同文明包容共存、交流互鉴，在推动人类社会现代化进程、繁荣世界文明百花园中具有不可替代的作用。”习近平文化思想着眼思想文化激荡的世界格局，倡导平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观，推动文明的交流互鉴，为建设面向世界的新时代中国特色社会主义文化提供了理论指导，为解决全球性问题贡献中国智慧。

Facing the future. This is the long-term orientation for the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, emphasizing that cultural construction must take a long-term view and lead the trends of the times. Creating the future requires cultural guidance, and value consensus determines the future and destiny of the world. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to cultivating and promoting the core socialist values. In Volume 1 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "What is the soul of cultural soft power? What is the focus of cultural soft power construction? It is the core values, which are the deepest-level elements determining the nature and direction of culture," emphasizing that "without common core values, a nation or a country will have no soul to anchor itself and no direction to follow." In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping more profoundly stated that "the core socialist values are a powerful force for凝聚人心、汇聚民力 (uniting people's hearts and gathering people's strength)." At the same time, on the basis of凝聚 (cohering) the value consensus of one's own nation and country, General Secretary Xi Jinping has always been committed to凝聚 (cohering) human consensus and global consensus, promoting the formation of the common values of all mankind. In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We should jointly advocate and promote the common values of all mankind. Peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom are the common pursuits of people of all countries. We should understand the different civilizations' understanding of value connotations with a broad mind, not impose our own values and models on others, and not engage in ideological confrontation." This provides a cultural foundation and value basis for further consolidating the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and provides clear theoretical guidance for realizing the future vision of building a better world.

面向未来。这是中国特色社会主义文化发展的长远指向，强调文化建设要着眼长远，引领时代潮流。开创未来需要文化引领，价值共识决定世界前途命运。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观。《习近平文化文选》第一卷中，习近平总书记指出“文化软实力的灵魂是什么？文化软实力建设的重点是什么？就是核心价值观，这是决定文化性质和方向的最深层次要素”，强调“如果没有共同的核心价值观，一个民族、一个国家就会魂无定所、行无依归”。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记更加深刻地指出“社会主义核心价值观是凝聚人心、汇聚民力的强大力量”。同时，在凝聚本国本民族价值观共识的基础上，习近平总书记始终致力于凝聚人类共识、全球共识，推动形成全人类共同价值。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出“我们要共同倡导弘扬全人类共同价值，和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由是各国人民的共同追求，要以宽广胸怀理解不同文明对价值内涵的认识，不将自己的价值观和模式强加于人，不搞意识形态对抗”。这为进一步夯实构建人类命运共同体提供了文化基础和价值基底，为实现建设美好世界的未来愿景提供了鲜明的理论指引。

Clarifying the practical principles of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era

明确新时代中国特色社会主义文化的实践原则

In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "When culture thrives, the nation thrives; when culture is strong, the nation is strong." Cultural development concerns the rise and fall of a nation's fortunes and the survival of a people. We must deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, implement in practice the various principles and requirements for developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, and effectively promote cultural prosperity and development while accelerating the building of a strong cultural country.

《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出：“文化兴国运兴，文化强民族强。”文化发展事关国运兴衰、民族存续。我们要深入学习贯彻习近平文化思想，在实践中落实好发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化的各项原则要求，切实推动文化繁荣发展、加快建设文化强国。

Upholding and strengthening the leadership of the Party. The most essential feature of the development path of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics is upholding the leadership of the Party. Party leadership is the most fundamental principle for upholding and developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. In Volume 2 of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, General Secretary Xi Jinping gave important instructions on the work of propaganda, ideology, and culture, known as the "Seven Focal Points"[n], with the first being "focusing on strengthening the Party's leadership over the work of propaganda, ideology, and culture." Our Party has always attached great importance to leadership over the work of propaganda, ideology, and culture. In various periods of socialist revolution, construction, and reform, the Party has led the cause of propaganda, ideology, and culture to achieve new development and new progress. Entering the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has upheld and strengthened the Party's overall leadership over the work of propaganda, ideology, and culture, forming Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, achieving major new theoretical breakthroughs, leading the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country to further strengthen cultural confidence, consolidate cultural subjectivity, and achieve major accomplishments in flourishing and developing cultural undertakings and cultural industries, promoting the protection, inheritance, and development of cultural heritage, and advancing exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, thereby endowing Chinese civilization with renewed appeal, influence, and charisma. Practice has powerfully proven that following the path of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics and developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era requires upholding and strengthening the Party's leadership as a fundamental principle that must be observed.

坚持和加强党的领导。中国特色社会主义文化发展道路最本质的特征就是坚持党的领导，党的领导是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义文化最根本的原则。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记对宣传思想文化工作作出“七个着力”重要指示，排在首位的就是“着力加强党对宣传思想文化工作的领导”。我们党历来高度重视对宣传思想文化工作的领导，在社会主义革命、建设、改革各个时期都领导宣传思想文化事业实现新发展新进步。进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持和加强党对宣传思想文化工作的全面领导，形成习近平文化思想，实现理论上新的重大突破，引领全党全国各族人民进一步坚定文化自信，筑牢文化主体性，在繁荣发展文化事业和文化产业、推动文化遗产保护传承发展、推进文明交流互鉴等方面取得重大成就，使中华文明焕发出新的吸引力、感染力、影响力。实践有力地证明，走中国特色社会主义文化道路、发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化，坚持和加强党的领导是必须遵循的根本原则。

Adhering to a people-centered approach. Adhering to putting the people first is the first of the "Six Musts"[n] summarized and profoundly elaborated in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, and it is an important manifestation of the stance, viewpoint, and method of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. General Secretary Xi Jinping has always insisted that cultural construction focus on people and be implemented for people, pointing out that "the people's demand for spiritual and cultural life exists at all times," and emphasizing that "the 'strength' of a strong cultural country must ultimately be reflected in the people's ideological realm, mental state, and cultural cultivation." Adhering to a people-centered approach is an important principle that must be upheld in developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. This requires us to accurately grasp the new needs of the people in cultural construction, take meeting the people's spiritual and cultural needs and enhancing the people's spiritual well-being as the starting point and落脚点 (ultimate goal) of cultural construction, and realize cultural development for the people, by the people, and with the fruits of development shared by the people. We must take root in the people's lives, focus on the masses' practice, draw creative nourishment from the people's vibrant creations, and produce more fine works that reflect the people's voices and possess both ideological depth and emotional warmth, so that cultural development always breathes the same breath and shares the same destiny with the people. We should enhance the capacity to supply cultural services and cultural products, promote the extension of high-quality cultural resources to the grassroots and their coverage among the masses, effectively guarantee the people's basic cultural rights and interests, ensure that the fruits of cultural development benefit all the people more and more fairly, and enhance the people's sense of cultural gain and happiness. We must fully stimulate the people's cultural creativity, respect the people's pioneering spirit, and build broad platforms for participation, so that cultural construction has a deep mass foundation.

坚持以人民为中心。必须坚持人民至上，是党的二十大报告总结提炼和深刻阐述的“六个必须坚持”之首，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的立场观点方法的重要体现。习近平总书记始终坚持文化建设着眼于人、落脚于人，指出“人民对精神文化生活的需求时时刻刻都存在”，强调“文化强国之‘强’最终要体现在人民的思想境界、精神状态、文化修养上”。以人民为中心是发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化必须坚持的重要原则，这就要求我们在文化建设中精准把握人民新需求，把满足人民精神文化需求、增进人民精神福祉作为文化建设的出发点和落脚点，实现文化发展为了人民、依靠人民，发展成果由人民共享。要扎根人民生活、聚焦群众实践，从百姓的鲜活创造中汲取创作养分，推出更多反映人民心声、兼具思想深度与情感温度的精品力作，让文化发展始终与人民同呼吸、共命运。提升文化服务和文化产品供给能力，推动优质文化资源向基层延伸、向群众覆盖，切实保障人民群众基本文化权益，让文化发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，增强人民群众文化获得感、幸福感。充分激发群众文化创造活力，尊重人民首创精神，搭建广泛参与平台，使文化建设拥有深厚的群众根基。

Uphold the Two Integrations. [5]5 The Two Integrations (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture. The Second Integration (第二个结合) specifically refers to the latter. The summary and proposal of the Two Integrations, especially the Second Integration, [6]6 The Second Integration (第二个结合) was formally proposed by Xi Jinping in his speech at the symposium on cultural heritage in 2023, emphasizing the integration of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture as a new dimension of theoretical innovation. embodies our Party’s high degree of theoretical consciousness, historical confidence, and cultural confidence. In Volume II of *Selected Writings on Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “To develop and advance socialism with Chinese characteristics on the foundation of more than 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture is the only path. This is a law-like understanding we have gained in exploring the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” “The Two Integrations are the greatest magic weapon for our success.” Upholding the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities is the fundamental stance for the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. Rooted in the reform and opening up practice of the New Era and meeting the people’s spiritual and cultural needs, it allows advanced culture to take root in the soil of reality and respond to the issues of the times, ensuring that cultural construction always advances in the correct direction. Upholding the integration with the best of traditional Chinese culture is the foundation on which the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era rests. Relying on the profound heritage of Chinese civilization, it activates the vitality of the best of traditional Chinese culture through creative transformation and innovative development. By following the only path of the Two Integrations, we connect the essence of Marxist thought with the cream of traditional Chinese culture, and always maintain the strategic resolve to develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

坚持“两个结合”。总结提出“两个结合”特别是“第二个结合”，体现了我们党高度的理论自觉、历史自信、文化自信。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出：“在五千多年中华文明深厚基础上开辟和发展中国特色社会主义，把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际、同中华优秀传统文化相结合是必由之路。这是我们在探索中国特色社会主义道路中得出的规律性认识”“‘两个结合’是我们取得成功的最大法宝”。坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，是新时代中国特色社会主义文化发展的根本立场。立足新时代改革发展实践、满足人民精神文化需求，让先进文化扎根现实土壤、回应时代课题，确保文化建设始终沿着正确方向前行。坚持同中华优秀传统文化相结合，是新时代中国特色社会主义文化发展的根基所在。依托中华文明深厚底蕴，在创造性转化、创新性发展中激活中华优秀传统文化生命力。走好“两个结合”必由之路，把马克思主义思想精髓同中华优秀传统文化精华相贯通，始终保持发展新时代中国特色社会主义文化的战略定力。

Uphold openness and inclusiveness. Openness and inclusiveness are the driving force behind the development of civilization. Promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations is an important part of Xi Jinping’s cultural thought. In Volume II of *Selected Writings on Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “As long as we adhere to inclusiveness and openness, human civilization can continue to develop and prosper.” Since the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping, with a broad historical vision and a deep feeling for civilization, has continued the Chinese cultural lineage and promoted the progress of all human civilizations. He has proposed the Global Civilization Initiative, working with the international community to promote people-to-people exchanges, cultural integration, and mutual understanding among all countries. In practice, upholding the principle of openness and inclusiveness requires grasping two important aspects. On the one hand, we must continuously enhance the country’s cultural soft power, increase the appeal and influence of Chinese culture, raise China’s international discourse power, and improve the external communication capacity of Chinese culture, so as to strengthen the “self-shaping” of China’s image and influence its “other-shaping.” This requires us to combine the refinement and display of the spiritual symbols and cultural essence of Chinese civilization with the expansion of the global influence of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. Based on the great practice of China in the New Era, we must refine Chinese experience, explain Chinese propositions, and clearly and thoroughly articulate the advantages and characteristics of the Chinese path, Chinese theory, Chinese system, and Chinese culture, vividly presenting a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China. On the other hand, we must actively promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, transcending civilizational conflict through mutual learning. We must strengthen the concept of dialogue with the world through culture, enhance the awareness of communication with other countries through civilization, innovate communication concepts, methods, and means, build a new pattern of international communication, enhance the affinity, appeal, and penetration of communication, use cultural communication to increase understanding and trust, promote mutual knowledge and integration between Chinese culture and the cultures of other countries, and contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese strength to the progress and development of human civilization through exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.

坚持开放包容。开放包容是文明发展的动力源泉。促进文明交流互鉴是习近平文化思想的重要内容。《习近平文化文选》第二卷中，习近平总书记指出：“只要坚持兼容并蓄、开放包容，人类文明就能不断发展繁荣。”新时代以来，习近平总书记以宏阔的历史眼光、深厚的文明情怀赓续中华文脉、推动全人类文明进步，提出全球文明倡议，同国际社会一道，推动各国人文交流、文化交融、民心相通。实践中，坚持开放包容原则要把握好两个方面的重要内容。一方面要不断提升国家文化软实力，增强中华文化吸引力、影响力，提升我国国际话语权，提高中华文化对外传播力，以加强中国形象的“自塑”影响“他塑”。这要求我们把提炼展示中华文明的精神标识和文化精髓与扩大新时代中国特色社会主义文化的世界影响力相结合，立足新时代中国伟大实践，提炼中国经验、阐释中国主张，把中国道路、中国理论、中国制度、中国文化的优势与特色讲清楚、讲透彻，生动展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。另一方面要积极推动文明交流互鉴，以文明互鉴超越文明冲突。要强化用文化同世界对话的理念，增强用文明同各国交流的意识，创新传播理念与方式方法，构建国际传播新格局，增强传播的亲和力、感染力与穿透力，以文化沟通增进理解信任，推动中华文化与世界各国文化相知相融，在文明交流互鉴中为人类文明进步发展贡献中国智慧和中国力量。

(The author is a researcher at the National Research Center for the Inheritance of Red Genes)

（作者为全国红色基因传承研究中心研究员）