“Summary of the Academic Symposium on Constructing China’s Autonomous Knowledge System of Atheism”

In 2022, when inspecting Renmin University of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “To accelerate the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics is, in the final analysis, to construct China’s autonomous knowledge system.” Atheism is the premise and foundation of Marxism. Marxist atheist research, propaganda, and education play a special and irreplaceable role in consolidating the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain, safeguarding ideological security, and preventing and defusing risks and hidden dangers in the religious sphere. Constructing China’s autonomous knowledge system of atheism is an inherent part of constructing China’s autonomous knowledge system. To implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech, the editorial department of *Science and Atheism* held an academic symposium on “Constructing China’s Autonomous Knowledge System of Atheism” on April 19, 2025. The symposium was chaired by Chen Zhigang, a research fellow, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission and Vice President of the Academy of Marxism of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Vice Chairman of the Chinese Atheism Society, and Editor-in-Chief of *Science and Atheism*. More than twenty experts, scholars, teachers, and students from the Central Institute of Socialism, the China Tibetology Research Center, the Ministry of Education, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Beijing Technology and Business University, and the Institutes of Marxism, Religious Studies, and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences attended the meeting, jointly offering suggestions for constructing China’s autonomous knowledge system of atheism.

2022年，习近平总书记在中国人民大学考察时强调：“加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学，归根结底是建构中国自主的知识体系。”无神论是马克思主义的前提和基础，马克思主义无神论研究和宣传教育在巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位、维护意识形态安全、防范化解宗教领域风险隐患等工作中发挥着特殊且无可替代的作用。建构中国自主无神论知识体系，是建构中国自主的知识体系的应有之意。为贯彻落实习近平总书记重要讲话精神，《科学与无神论》编辑部于2025年4月19日举办了“建构中国自主无神论知识体系”学术研讨会。本次研讨会由中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院纪委书记、副院长，中国无神论学会副理事长、《科学与无神论》主编陈志刚研究员主持，来自中央社会主义学院、中国藏学研究中心、教育部、中国科学院大学、上海师范大学、北京工商大学以及中国社科院马研院、宗教所、经济所等单位的二十余名专家学者和师生参加了会议，共同为建构中国自主无神论知识体系出谋划策。

I. Theories and Methods for Constructing China’s Autonomous Knowledge System of Atheism

一、建构中国自主无神论知识体系的理论与方法

Constructing China’s autonomous knowledge system of atheism is a need to implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech, a need to construct the system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, and also the lofty mission of researchers and propaganda and education workers in China’s atheist field in the New Era. The attending experts and scholars conducted in-depth discussions on how to construct China’s autonomous knowledge system of atheism.

建构中国自主无神论知识体系，是贯彻落实习近平总书记重要讲话精神的需要，是构建中国特色哲学社会科学体系的需要，也是新时代我国无神论研究和宣传教育工作者的崇高使命。与会专家学者围绕如何建构中国自主无神论知识体系进行了深入的研讨。

Chen Zhigang pointed out that in 2016, at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly put forward the requirement to “continuously advance the construction and innovation of the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system.” In 2022, during his inspection of Renmin University of China, he further proposed “constructing China’s autonomous knowledge system.” For our atheist discipline, this is both a major topic and a major task. In this regard, we must adhere to the Two Integrations [1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, a key theoretical formulation under Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., using Marxist atheist theories and methods to deeply excavate the reasonable components and humanistic care of fine traditional Chinese culture, serving the construction of China’s autonomous knowledge system of atheism.

陈志刚指出，2016年，习近平总书记在哲学社会科学座谈会上明确提出“不断推进学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设和创新”的要求。2022年，他在中国人民大学考察时进一步提出“建构中国自主的知识体系”。这对于我们无神论学科来说，既是重大课题，也是重大任务。对此，我们要坚持“两个结合”,用马克思主义无神论的理论和方法深入挖掘中华优秀传统文化的合理成分和人文关怀，服务于中国自主无神论知识体系。

Gong Yun, Party Secretary of the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Chairman of the Chinese Atheism Society, put forward five opinions on constructing China’s autonomous knowledge system of atheism. First, we must consolidate basic research. We must first study basic concepts, such as the connotation of the atheist disciplinary system and the differences and connections between atheist propaganda and atheist education. Second, we must advance specialized research. Atheist research, propaganda, and education are long-term tasks. Atheist researchers should regard this work as a cause to strive for, enduring loneliness, resisting temptation, and sitting on the cold bench [2]2 The “three major academic resources” typically refer to Marxist theory, Chinese traditional culture, and foreign philosophical and social science achievements, as outlined in Xi Jinping’s 2016 speech on philosophy and social sciences., conducting research deeply and solidly. Third, we should not seek quick success. Atheist research is foundational work; we should not be impatient for results. There must be a few people who devote their entire lives to it, continuously advancing this research. The Chinese Atheism Society should strengthen organization and exchange, do a good job of division of labor and coordination, and unite atheist researchers and religious researchers nationwide. Fourth, we must promote innovation in discourse. Atheist propaganda should be good at proposing concepts, for example, clarifying that atheism is a healthy lifestyle, a mode of thinking and an idea; we should study and sort out General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on atheism; we should take stock of the

中国社科院经济所党委书记、中国无神论学会理事长龚云针对建构中国自主无神论知识体系提出了五点意见。第一，要夯实基础研究。首先要研究基础概念，比如无神论学科体系的内涵、无神论宣传和无神论教育的区别和联系。第二，要推进专业研究。无神论研究和宣传教育是长期的工作，无神论研究人员要把这项工作当做为之奋斗的事业，耐得住寂寞、经得住诱惑、坐得住冷板凳，要踏踏实实深入做研究。第三，不要急于求成。无神论研究是基础性的工作，不要急于求成，要有几个一辈子钻研的人，把这项研究持续不断地推动下去。中国无神论学会要加强组织和交流，做好分工协调，团结好全国的无神论研究人员和宗教研究人员。第四，要推动话语上的创新。无神论宣传要善于提出概念，比如说阐明无神论是健康生活方式，是思维和理念；要研究梳理习近平总书记关于无神论的重要论述；要盘点中国无神论学科的历史、作用和特殊地位；无神论宣传要深入群众，推动书斋中的无神论理论飞入寻常百姓家。

Zuo Peng, Director of the Department of Marxism-Leninism Teaching and Research at the Central Institute of Socialism, believes that constructing an autonomous Chinese knowledge system of atheism must have a problem-oriented awareness. Constructing an autonomous Chinese knowledge system responds to the problem that some disciplines in philosophy and social sciences are heavily influenced by the West. The Chinese discipline of atheism faces not the question of "whether the influence of the West is great or not," but the question of "whether it exists or not." Therefore, our urgent task at present is not yet to discuss the issue of "autonomy," but first to construct the "knowledge system" of Chinese atheism. So-called knowledge is the fruit of ideological understanding. The knowledge system of the discipline of atheism is the systematization and theorization of the fruits of ideological understanding concerning atheism. The most fundamental aspect of the knowledge system of atheism is the issue of ontology, that is, how to clearly demonstrate the fact that "there are no gods in the world," and then propagate this truth to be accepted by the majority of society. The second is the issue of theological critique; without critiquing theology, it is impossible to clearly explain the fact that "there are no gods in the world." But if one truly engages in theological critique, one must also consider whether the social atmosphere allows for it. Only by properly resolving these two major issues can the knowledge system of atheism be constructed, and then an autonomous Chinese knowledge system of atheism recognized by the majority of society can be formed.

中央社会主义学院马列教研部主任左鹏认为，建构中国自主无神论知识体系要有问题意识。建构中国自主知识体系应对的是哲学社会科学部分学科受西方影响比较大的问题。中国无神论学科面对的不是“受西方影响大不大”的问题，而是“有没有”的问题。所以现在我们的当务之急还不是谈“自主”的问题，而是要先建构起中国无神论“知识体系”的问题。所谓知识，就是思想认识的成果。无神论学科知识体系，是关于无神论思想认识的成果的系统化、理论化。无神论知识体系最基础的是本体论问题，即怎么论证清楚“世上无神”这个事实，然后再把这个道理宣传出去让社会上大多数人接受。其次是神学批判问题，不批判神学，是讲不清楚“世上无神”的事实的。但如果真去批判神学，还要考虑到有没有这样的社会氛围的问题。只有解决好这两大问题，才能建构起无神论的知识体系，进而形成社会上大多数人认可的中国自主无神论知识体系。

Li Weijian, Director of the Department of Contemporary Religious Studies at the Institute of World Religions of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, proposes that to construct an autonomous knowledge system of atheism, the following four questions must first be answered well. First, clearly explain the relationship between Marxism, Marxist atheism, and Chinese atheism, especially with traditional Chinese atheism. Second, clearly explain the relationship between atheism and theism, especially with religion. Third, clearly explain the issues of atheist theory and practice, especially the popularization, dissemination, and mass character of atheism. Fourth, clearly explain the historical and contemporary nature of atheism. Regarding these four questions, some can now be clearly explained, but their popularization is insufficient—they have been stated but not achieved; others still require deepened research before they can be clearly explained.

中国社科院世界宗教研究所当代宗教研究室主任李维建提出，建构自主无神论知识体系，要先回答好以下四个问题。第一，讲清楚马克思主义、马克思主义无神论与中国无神论，尤其是与中国传统无神论的关系。第二，讲清楚无神论与有神论，尤其是与宗教的关系。第三，讲清楚无神论理论与实践的问题，尤其是无神论的大众化、普及化、群众性问题。第四，讲清楚无神论的历史性与时代性问题。这四个问题，有的现在可以讲清楚，但普及不够，讲到了没做到；有的还需要深化研究，才能讲清楚。

Chen Tianjia, Director of the Ideological and Political Education Teaching and Research Office at the School of Marxism of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that constructing an autonomous Chinese knowledge system of atheism requires in-depth academic research into the secular humanist characteristics of Chinese society and culture, and building research on secularization with a Chinese style. He suggests actively exploring the spiritual qualities and life attitudes of Chinese culture—such as tolerance, openness, equality, rationality, pragmatism, and independence—based on real life from the perspective of the Two Integrations [1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, a key theoretical formulation under Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., and making good use of new media platforms to highlight and celebrate the diverse, inclusive, healthy, and vibrant characteristics of Chinese secular life in the New Era.

中国科学院大学马克思主义学院思政教研室主任陈天嘉认为，建构中国自主无神论知识体系需要从学理上深入研究中国社会文化的世俗人文主义特征，建设具有中国气派的世俗化问题研究。他建议，应从“两个结合”角度积极挖掘中华文化基于现实生活的包容、开放、平等、理性、务实、独立自主的精神品格和生活态度，利用好新媒体平台彰显和歌颂新时代中国世俗生活多元包容、健康活力的特质。

Some scholars emphasize that constructing an autonomous Chinese knowledge system of atheism must study and implement Xi Jinping's Cultural Thought, adhere to the guidance of the Marxist view of religion, base itself on China's theistic tradition and its contemporary forms, carry forward the tradition of ancient Chinese naive atheism and modern scientific atheism, take solving prominent theistic problems as the main focus, and form a scientific and complete Marxist knowledge system of atheism.

有学者强调，建构中国自主无神论知识体系，必须学习贯彻习近平文化思想，坚持以马克思主义宗教观为指导，立足中国有神论传统及其当代形态，发扬中国古代朴素无神论和近代科学无神论传统，以解决当前有神论突出问题为主攻，形成科学完备的马克思主义无神论知识体系。

II. Construction of the Disciplinary System, Academic System, Discourse System, and Textbook System of Scientific Atheism

二、科学无神论学科体系、学术体系、话语体系和教材体系建设

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences: "Only by taking China's actual conditions as the starting point for research, putting forward theoretical viewpoints with subjectivity and originality, and constructing a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system with its own characteristics, can China's philosophy and social sciences form their own features and advantages." [2]2 The “three major academic resources” typically refer to Marxist theory, Chinese traditional culture, and foreign philosophical and social science achievements, as outlined in Xi Jinping’s 2016 speech on philosophy and social sciences. "We must do a good job in constructing the textbook system, forming a philosophy and social sciences textbook system that adapts to the requirements of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, is based on international academic frontiers, and covers all categories." For Chinese atheism research, building the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system of scientific atheism, and forming a textbook system based on Marxist atheism textbooks, becomes the primary task. Experts and scholars expressed their views on the construction of the disciplinary system, academic system, discourse system, and textbook system of scientific atheism.

习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上指出：“只有以我国实际为研究起点，提出具有主体性、原创性的理论观点，构建具有自身特质的学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，我国哲学社会科学才能形成自己的特色和优势。”“要抓好教材体系建设，形成适应中国特色社会主义发展要求、立足国际学术前沿、门类齐全的哲学社会科学教材体系。”对于中国无神论研究来说，建设科学无神论学科体系、学术体系、话语体系，形成以马克思主义无神论教材为基础的教材体系就成为首要任务。专家学者们围绕科学无神论学科体系、学术体系、话语体系和教材体系建设各抒己见。

Zhu Xiaoming, former Party Secretary of the China Tibetology Research Center, suggested promoting the compilation of a “four-piece set” of foundational works on Marxist atheism. The “first piece” is a collection of writings by classical authors. This series has already published *Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin on Scientific Atheism*, compiled by the Atheism Research Office, achieving a phased result. The “second piece” is research on the atheist thought of classical authors. It is divided into four topics: research on Marx and Engels’ atheist thought; research on Lenin and the rise and fall of Soviet atheism; research on Mao Zedong and the older generation of Party and state leaders’ atheist thought and practice; and research on General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on upholding and propagating Marxist atheism. The “third piece” is the compilation of *An Outline of Marxist Atheism*. The “fourth piece” is the compilation of a *Dictionary of Atheism*. Zhu Xiaoming believes that the next step is to study how to advance the “Two Integrations” [1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, a key theoretical formulation under Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era., realizing the integration of the basic principles of Marxist atheism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, and taking new substantive steps on the path of adapting Marxist atheism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Professor Li Shen of Shanghai Normal University suggested making full use of the practical achievements of Marxist atheism courses. He mentioned that in recent years, the China Atheism Society has opened various forms of atheism courses in many places. We can collect the lecture notes from these courses to form a *Lecture Notes on the Outline of Marxist Atheism*. On this basis, after repeated discussion and revision, a mature *Outline of Marxist Atheism* can gradually take shape.

中国藏学研究中心原党组书记朱晓明建议推动马克思主义无神论基础理论“四件套”丛书的编写。“第一件套”是经典作家论述。该系列已出版了由无神论研究室编写的《马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林论科学无神论》,完成了阶段性成果。“第二件套”是经典作家无神论思想研究。分为四个专题：马克思恩格斯无神论思想研究、列宁和前苏联无神论兴衰研究、毛泽东和老一辈党和国家领导人无神论思想和实践研究、习近平总书记关于坚持和宣传马克思主义无神论的重要论述研究。“第三件套”是《马克思主义无神论概论》编写。“第四件套”是编撰一部《无神论词典》。朱晓明认为，接下来要研究如何推进“两个结合”,实现马克思主义无神论基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，在马克思主义无神论中国化时代化的道路上，迈出新的实质性的步伐。上海师范大学教授李申建议，要充分利用马克思主义无神论课程的实践成果。他提到，近年来中国无神论学会在多地多处开设了各种形式的无神论课程。我们可以将这些课程的讲义集中起来，形成一本《马克思主义无神论概论讲义》。在此基础上经过多次探讨修改，逐渐形成一本成熟的《马克思主义无神论概论》。

Tian Xinming, a researcher at the Social Sciences Development Research Center of the Ministry of Education’s Higher Education Institutions, proposed focusing on advancing the systematization and theorization of the atheism theoretical system with Chinese characteristics. To advance the systematization and theorization of the atheism theoretical system, we can take the compilation of the textbook *Outline of Atheism* as a starting point. It is necessary to study and implement the spirit of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on philosophy and social sciences, clarify the guiding ideology and basic principles for constructing the theoretical system, take Marxism as the guide, integrate the three major academic resources [2]2 The “three major academic resources” typically refer to Marxist theory, Chinese traditional culture, and foreign philosophical and social science achievements, as outlined in Xi Jinping’s 2016 speech on philosophy and social sciences., adhere to subjectivity and originality, and take the “Two Integrations” as the fundamental path. The main questions that the atheism theory with Chinese characteristics must answer can be summarized as: what is Marxist atheism, and what is theism; why must we uphold Marxist atheism and oppose theism; and how to uphold Marxist atheism and oppose theism. The theoretical system should be constructed by researching and answering these basic questions. Adhere to the viewpoint of the unity of opposites and the method of contradiction analysis, revolve around the basic contradictions of this discipline, and construct the theoretical system through analyzing various contradictions.

教育部高等学校社会科学发展研究中心研究员田心铭提出，要着力推进中国特色无神论理论体系化学理化。推进无神论理论体系化学理化，可以以编写《无神论概论》教材为抓手。要学习贯彻习近平关于哲学社会科学重要论述精神，明确建构理论体系的指导思想和基本原则，以马克思主义为指导，融通三大学术资源，坚持主体性原创，其根本途径是“两个结合”。中国特色无神论理论要回答的主要问题可以概括为：什么是马克思主义无神论、什么是有神论；为什么要坚持马克思主义无神论、反对有神论；怎样坚持马克思主义无神论、反对有神论。要通过研究和回答这些基本问题建构理论体系。坚持对立统一观点和矛盾分析方法，围绕本学科的基本矛盾，通过分析各种矛盾建构理论体系。

Zhang Xinying, former Deputy Director of the Institute of World Religions at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and President of the journal *Science and Atheism*, believes that the important position of the discipline of atheism should be firmly established in the construction of the disciplinary system of Marxist religious studies. He believes that a striking highlight in Xi Jinping’s important discourses on religious work is the special emphasis on upholding and propagating Marxist atheism. However, because atheist propaganda and education have been gradually marginalized over the past thirty-plus years, discipline-based atheist research and teaching have also long been in decline, forming a large-scale gap in research and teaching talent as well as propaganda and education teams, which has caused an undue lag in promptly and comprehensively implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s instructions. To this end, great importance must be attached to how top-level design and ground-level implementation of Marxist atheist propaganda and education should be carried out, and the status and role of the atheism discipline should be reflected in the construction of the disciplinary system of Marxist religious studies. For example: clearly incorporating atheism as a sub-discipline within the category of religious studies; organizing the compilation of Marxist atheism textbooks; establishing graduate training directions in atheism; focusing on building a team of Marxist atheism teachers and a tiered research team to change the situation where atheist teaching and research lack successors; effectively strengthening support for existing Marxist atheism research forces and academic journals to enhance the influence of their academic activities; and expanding the publication scale of atheist research monographs, translations, and popular reading materials, etc.

中国社科院世界宗教研究所原副所长、《科学与无神论》杂志社社长张新鹰认为，应当在马克思主义宗教学学科建设中坚定确立无神论学科的重要地位。他认为，习近平总书记关于宗教工作重要论述中的一个醒目亮点是特别强调坚持和宣传马克思主义无神论。但是，由于此前三十多年间无神论宣传教育被逐渐边缘化，学科型的无神论研究和教学也式微已久，形成了研究教学人才和宣传教育队伍的规模化断档，以至对及时、全面落实习近平总书记的指示精神带来不应有的滞后。为此，要高度重视马克思主义无神论的宣传教育应该如何进行顶层设计和落地实施，在马克思主义宗教学学科建设中体现无神论学科的地位和作用。如，明确将无神论作为分支学科纳入宗教学学科范畴；组织编写马克思主义无神论教材，设立无神论专业研究生培养方向，重点建立马克思主义无神论师资队伍和梯次化研究队伍，改变无神论教学和研究后继无人局面；切实加强对现有马克思主义无神论研究力量和学术期刊的支持，提高其学术活动影响力；扩大无神论研究专著、译著和普及读物的出版规模等等。

Zeng Chuanhui, a researcher at the Institute of World Religions at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, explored the relationships among the “three major systems” of scientific atheism. He believes that the disciplinary system of scientific atheism is the institutional foundation. As a structural framework for knowledge classification, the disciplinary system is essentially a division of labor in scientific research, providing a fundamental basis for academic innovation and also serving as the carrier for constructing the discourse system. The academic system is the collection of knowledge, the theoretical core, and the methodological foundation. The academic system reveals the essential laws of the discipline’s object, including the theoretical system, research methods, evaluation mechanisms, etc. It is both the theoretical support for the disciplinary system and the source of ideas for the discourse system. There is a logical interactive relationship among the “three major systems”: the disciplinary system delineates boundaries for academic research and provides an organizational framework; the academic system promotes the renewal of disciplinary connotations through theoretical innovation; and the discourse system transforms research results into communicable forms of knowledge, ultimately forming a closed loop of “organization-core-carrier.” Currently, China’s philosophy and social sciences need to break Western discursive hegemony with cultural subjectivity, but atheism still needs to make up for the lesson of critical introduction, achieving the autonomous and coordinated development of the three major systems. Furthermore, scientific atheism should also conduct in-depth research on the conceptual system. This is divided into three levels: categories, terms, and proper names. Categories are the largest combination of concepts, such as god-human (heaven-human), form-spirit, finite and infinite. Current disciplinary research should focus on criticizing superstition, extremist religious thought, and cults.

中国社科院世界宗教研究所研究员曾传辉探讨了科学无神论“三大体系”之间的关系。他认为，科学无神论学科体系是制度性基础，作为知识分类的结构框架，学科体系本质上是对科学研究的劳动分工，为学术创新提供根本依托，也是话语体系构建的载体。学术体系是知识汇集、理论内核和方法论基础。学术体系揭示学科对象的本质规律，包含理论体系、研究方法、评价机制等。它既是学科体系的理论支撑，也是话语体系的思想来源。“三大体系”之间存在逻辑互动关系：学科体系为学术研究划定边界并提供组织框架，学术体系通过理论创新推动学科内涵更新，话语体系则将研究成果转化为可传播的知识形态，最终形成“组织-内核-载体”的闭环。当前中国哲学社会科学需以文化主体性破除西方话语霸权，但无神论还要补课批判的引进，实现三大体系的自主性协同发展。此外，科学无神论还应深入研究概念体系。这分为三个层次，即范畴、术语和专名。范畴是最大的概念组合，如神人(天人)、形神、有限与无限。当前的学科研究应当以批判迷信、宗教极端思想和邪教为重点。

III. Research on Adapting Marxist Atheism to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times

三、马克思主义无神论中国化时代化研究

Advancing the adaptation of Marxist atheism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is an important task in constructing China’s independent knowledge system of atheism. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC [3]3 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, where Xi Jinping delivered a report outlining: “Only by integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, and by applying dialectical materialism and historical materialism, can we correctly answer the major questions posed by the times and by practice, and can we always maintain the vigorous vitality and strong vitality of Marxism.” This provides us with scientific methodological guidance for studying the adaptation of Marxist atheism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

推进马克思主义无神论中国化时代化是中国自主无神论知识体系建设的重要任务。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出：“只有把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，坚持运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，才能正确回答时代和实践提出的重大问题，才能始终保持马克思主义的蓬勃生机和旺盛活力。”这就为我们研究马克思主义无神论中国化时代化提供了科学的方法论指导。

Zhao Wenhong, a researcher at the Institute of World Religions at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, discussed the academic mission of China’s atheism discipline. He pointed out that the academic mission of China’s atheism discipline is determined both by academic logic and by practical logic. Specifically, it has four major academic missions. First, to safeguard cultural security; second, to safeguard political security; third, to safeguard social security; and fourth, to safeguard territorial security. In summary, the academic mission of the atheism discipline, formed over several decades of history, has shaped the scope of the discipline’s research objects and its stylistic characteristics. This is a glorious and valuable tradition of the discipline. Although the discipline’s strength is not yet substantial, and the level of young scholars is still far from that of academic masters, as long as all members of the discipline inherit and carry forward the fine tradition, the atheism discipline will surely have an even more brilliant future.

中国社科院世界宗教研究所研究员赵文洪谈到了我国无神论学科的学术使命。他指出，我国无神论学科学术使命既是由学术逻辑，又是由实践逻辑确定的，具体来说有着四大学术使命。一是维护文化安全，二是维护政治安全，三是维护社会安全，四是维护国土安全。总的来说，在几十年历史中形成的无神论学科学术使命，塑造了学科的研究对象范围和学科的风格特点，这是学科光荣而宝贵的传统。尽管目前学科实力还不雄厚，并且青年学者水平离学术大家的距离还比较远，但只要全体学科人继承、弘扬优秀传统，无神论学科就一定有更加辉煌的未来。

Yao Hongyue, professor at the School of Marxism of Beijing Technology and Business University, put forward the academic path and practical path of adapting Marxist atheism to the Chinese context. Its academic path refers to taking dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the foundation, starting from the analysis of concepts, passing through the summarization and condensation of theses, and finally realizing the construction of theory. It specifically includes the construction and interpretation of a conceptual system centered on “deity” [4]4 “Deity” (神, *shen*) here refers broadly to gods, spirits, or supernatural beings in Chinese religious and folk belief systems., in-depth analysis of the physiological basis of life, the physiological, pathological, psychological, natural, and social foundations of the concept and phenomenon of spirits, guiding people to dialectically understand the generation mechanism and influence principle of such concepts and functions of deity, thereby guiding people to believe in science, correctly understand themselves, society, and the world, and then find the deep mechanism explaining the emergence of theology. The practical path of adapting Marxist atheism to the Chinese context takes the social function and social influence of the Chinese theological system as the core research field, deeply analyzes the complex influence of the Chinese theological system in the fields of literature, history, politics, society, life, production, governance, emotion, morality, etc., and conducts in-depth research and discussion on the nature of these influences, the pros and cons of these influences, and the generation mechanism of these influences. Adapting Marxist atheism to the Chinese context should focus on key issues, including: first, the problem of using theological doctrines to confuse the masses, covet wealth and harm lives, and violate laws and discipline; second, using the achievements of scientific development to explain the meaning and value of relevant tenets in the Chinese theological system; third, based on the actual needs of life development, deeply studying and resolving the dual influences brought by the Chinese theological system. In the theoretical construction and practical realization of adapting Marxist atheism to the Chinese context, attention should be paid to analyzing the issues of interests, laws, cognition, and life expectations therein, so as to better explore and promote the adaptation of Marxist atheism to the Chinese context.

北京工商大学马克思主义学院教授姚洪越提出了马克思主义无神论中国化的学术路径和实践路径。其学术路径是指以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为根基，从概念的辨析开始，经过论断的总结和凝炼，最终实现理论的构建。具体包括对以“神”为核心的概念体系的构建和诠释，深入分析生命的生理基础，神灵观念和现象的生理、病理、心理和自然、社会的根基，引导人们辩证认识这类神的观念和功能的产生机理，影响原理，从而以引导人们相信科学，正确认识自身、社会和世界，进而找到解释神学产生的深层机理。马克思主义无神论中国化的实践路径是以中国神学体系的社会功能和社会影响为核心研究领域，深入剖析中国神学体系在文学、历史、政治、社会、生活、生产、治理、情感、道德等领域的复杂影响，针对这些影响的性质、这些影响的利弊得失、这些影响的产生机理进行深入的研究和探讨。马克思主义无神论中国化应该聚焦关键问题，这包括：第一，利用神学学说迷惑民众、贪财害命、违法乱纪的问题；第二，用科学发展成果解释中国神学体系中相关信条的含义和价值；第三，立足人生发展的实际需要，深入研究化解中国神学体系带来的双重影响。在马克思主义无神论中国化的理论构建和现实实践中，要注重分析其中的利益问题、规律问题、认知问题和人生期盼问题，从而更好地探究和推进马克思主义无神论的中国化。

Some scholars believe that adapting Marxist atheism to the Chinese context means using the principles of Marxist atheism to study and solve the problem of Chinese theism, and on the basis of scientific research and effective resolution of the problem of Chinese theism, to set up the basic framework of the Chinese discipline of atheism and construct China’s independent knowledge system of atheism.

有学者认为，马克思主义无神论中国化，就是运用马克思主义无神论原理研究解决中国有神论问题，在科学研究、有效解决中国有神论问题的基础上，搭建起中国无神论学科的基本框架，构建起中国无神论自主知识体系。

Chen Zhigang pointed out in his summary that constructing China’s independent knowledge system of atheism is an unshirkable task for the Atheism Research Office of the Academy of Marxism. Although the team of the Atheism Research Office is still relatively small, a thousand-mile journey begins with the first step [5]5 “A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step” (千里之行始于足下) is a classical Chinese idiom from the *Laozi*, meaning that great undertakings start from small beginnings.; we have the perseverance, determination, and even more the constancy to advance this cause. Next, based on the opinions and suggestions of the experts, we will refine the goals and tasks of constructing China’s independent knowledge system of atheism, sort out the roadmap and timetable, and unite the national research team to jointly advance this cause. In the work of atheist propaganda and education, we will more actively embrace the internet and go among the masses, producing and launching more short videos and internet hits that the masses are happy to see and hear. As long as we persevere and accumulate bit by bit, we will surely advance steadily and achieve lasting results through sustained effort [6]6 “Achieve lasting results through sustained effort” (久久为功) is a four-character idiom used in contemporary Chinese political discourse to emphasize the need for persistent, long-term effort to achieve significant outcomes.. Subsequently, Huang Yanhong, researcher and director of the Atheism Research Office and the editorial department of *Science and Atheism*, responded to the specific questions raised by the experts and scholars.

陈志刚在总结时指出，建构中国自主无神论知识体系是马研院无神论研究室责无旁贷的任务。虽然无神论研究室这个团队还比较小，但千里之行始于足下，我们有毅力、有决心更有恒心推动这项事业。接下来，我们会依据各位专家的意见和建议，把建构中国自主无神论知识体系的目标和任务细化，梳理出路线图和时间表，凝聚起全国的研究队伍共同推进这项事业。在无神论宣传教育工作上，我们会更加积极地拥抱网络、走进群众，多制作推出一些群众喜闻乐见的短视频和网络爆款。只要我们坚持不懈、点滴积累，必能稳步推进、久久为功。随后，马克思主义无神论研究室兼《科学与无神论》编辑部主任黄艳红研究员就专家学者们提出的具体问题进行了回应。

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心