The Path to High-Quality Development of the Marxist Theory Discipline in the New Era

High-quality development is the lifeline of the Marxist theory discipline in the New Era. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC explicitly states that “high-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects.”[1]1 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. The quotation is from the report delivered by Xi Jinping on behalf of the 19th Central Committee. The high-quality development of Chinese-path modernization cannot be separated from the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline, which consolidates the guiding position of Marxism and provides the disciplinary and theoretical support that guides and drives Chinese-path modernization. The Marxist theory discipline is a discipline with strong leading power in the field of philosophy and social sciences in China. Whether it can achieve high-quality development concerns the exercise of the Marxist theory discipline’s leading role in the field of philosophy and social sciences, concerns the strengthening of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological domain, and concerns the consolidation of the common ideological foundation for the united struggle of the entire Party and the entire people. Therefore, on the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Marxist theory discipline, exploring the path to high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline in the New Era and accelerating the promotion of high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline in the New Era have great and far-reaching significance.

高质量发展是新时代马克思主义理论学科的生命线。党的二十大报告明确提出“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务”(1)。中国式现代化的高质量发展离不开马克思主义理论学科高质量发展对巩固马克思主义指导地位，引导和推动中国式现代化的学科学理支撑。马克思主义理论学科是我国哲学社会科学领域具有强大引领力的学科，能否实现高质量发展，关乎马克思主义理论学科在哲学社会科学领域引领性作用的发挥，关乎马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的增强，关乎全党全国人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础的巩固。因此，在马克思主义理论学科创立20周年之际，探索新时代马克思主义理论学科的高质量发展之道，加快推进新时代马克思主义理论学科的高质量发展，具有重大而深远的意义。

I. Standardized Construction

一、规范化建设

The high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline cannot be separated from standardized construction. Standardized construction is the foundation for the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline and the fundamental prerequisite for ensuring that the direction of disciplinary construction does not deviate, the foundation does not loosen, and quality does not decline. Looking back at the 20-year development process of the Marxist theory discipline, its rapid pace of construction, wide scope of coverage, and profound social impact are obvious to all, and it has already become an important discipline of great strategic significance in China’s philosophy and social science system. However, it is undeniable that during the rapid development process, some regions and units have paid insufficient attention to the standardized construction of the discipline, leading to certain differences among different institutions and different research directions in terms of training objectives, curriculum design, academic norms, etc., and even giving rise to phenomena that deviate from the core connotation of the discipline. This problem of insufficient standardization not only affects the full play of the discipline’s advantages but also constrains the improvement of the overall quality of the discipline, becoming a prominent shortcoming hindering high-quality development. Precisely for this reason, promoting the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline must start with strengthening standardized construction. So-called standardized construction means carrying out construction in accordance with the standards and norms formulated by the Marxist Theory Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council. These institutional norms and requirements, which have been tested in practice and have condensed academic consensus, must be implemented throughout all aspects and the entire process of disciplinary construction.

马克思主义理论学科的高质量发展离不开规范化建设。规范化建设是马克思主义理论学科高质量发展的基础，是确保学科建设方向不偏、根基不松、质量不降的根本前提。回顾马克思主义理论学科20年来的发展历程，其建设速度之快、覆盖范围之广、社会影响之深有目共睹，已然成为我国哲学社会科学体系中极具战略意义的重要学科。但不可否认的是，在快速发展过程中，部分地区和单位对学科规范化建设的重视程度不足，导致不同院校、不同研究方向之间在培养目标、课程设置、学术规范等方面存在一定差异，甚至出现了一些偏离学科核心内涵的现象。这种规范化程度不足的问题，不仅影响了学科优势的充分发挥，也制约了学科整体质量的提升，成为阻碍高质量发展的突出短板。正因如此，推动马克思主义理论学科高质量发展，必须首先从加强规范化建设入手。所谓规范化建设，就是要按照国务院学位委员会马克思主义理论学科评议组制定的标准和规范来进行建设。将这些经过实践检验、凝聚学界共识的制度性规范和要求贯穿于学科建设的全方位、全过程。

(I) Standardization of Disciplinary Direction Refinement

(一)学科方向凝练规范化

The standardization of disciplinary direction refinement is the core link in the standardized construction of the Marxist theory discipline, directly related to whether the discipline can focus on core areas, form disciplinary characteristics, and produce high-quality results. As a discipline with distinct ideological attributes and a strong practical orientation, the direction refinement of the Marxist theory discipline must take as its fundamental guidance the disciplinary connotation, research scope, and construction requirements determined by the Marxist Theory Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council.

学科方向凝练的规范化，是马克思主义理论学科规范化建设的核心环节，直接关系到学科能否聚焦核心领域、形成学科特色、产出高质量成果。作为一门具有鲜明意识形态属性和强烈实践导向的学科，马克思主义理论学科的方向凝练必须以国务院学位委员会马克思主义理论学科评议组确定的学科内涵、研究范畴和建设要求为根本遵循。

Currently, some institutions have many non-standard problems in refining the directions of the Marxist theory discipline: some units, in order to rapidly expand scale, blindly add research directions, leading to too many and too miscellaneous directions, making it difficult to form research synergy; some units’ direction settings are disconnected from their own faculty strength and research foundation, resulting in a hollowing-out phenomenon of “having directions but no teams” or “having names but no results”; some units’ direction divisions lack logical correlation, neither reflecting the integrity of Marxist theory nor highlighting regional or institutional characteristics, leading to dispersed research resources and weak academic influence. The root of these problems lies in insufficient awareness of the norms for disciplinary direction refinement and failure to carry out systematic planning strictly according to disciplinary standards.

当前，部分院校在马克思主义理论学科方向凝练中存在诸多不规范问题：有的单位为快速扩大规模，盲目增设研究方向，导致方向过多过杂，难以形成研究合力；有的单位方向设置与自身师资力量、研究基础脱节，出现“有方向无团队”“有名称无成果”的空壳化现象；有的单位方向划分缺乏逻辑关联，既未体现马克思主义理论的整体性，也未突出地域或院校特色，导致研究资源分散、学术影响力薄弱。这些问题的根源，在于对学科方向凝练的规范意识不足，未能严格按照学科标准进行系统规划。

The standardization of disciplinary direction refinement must first ensure that the research direction settings of each unit do not deviate from the core categories and framework of the first-level discipline of Marxist theory and its subordinate second-level disciplines stipulated by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, avoiding phenomena such as “generalization” or “alienation” where directions are vague, boundaries unclear, or even deviating from the essence of the discipline. It is not permissible to arbitrarily include cross-disciplinary content with weak relevance to Marxist theory, nor to set up “directions” lacking theoretical support in pursuit of “novelty.” It is necessary to “accurately grasp the connotation and characteristics of the Marxist theory discipline, and seize the important issues in disciplinary development that are fundamental, guiding, and strategic,”[2]2 This quotation is from a document or speech by the Marxist Theory Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, the body responsible for setting standards for the discipline. and standardly refine disciplinary research directions within the disciplinary system.

学科方向凝练的规范化，首先要确保各单位的研究方向设置不脱离国务院学位委员会规定的马克思主义理论一级学科及下属各二级学科的核心范畴与框架，避免出现方向模糊、边界不清甚至偏离学科本质的“泛化”“异化”现象，不能将与马克思主义理论关联度较弱的交叉学科内容随意纳入，也不能为追求“新颖性”而设置缺乏学理支撑的“方向”,必须“准确把握马克思主义理论学科内涵和特点，抓住学科发展中带有基础性、导向性和战略性的重要问题”(2),在学科体系内规范凝练学科研究方向。

Promoting the standardization of research direction refinement in the Marxist theory discipline requires grasping three key principles: first, the principle of integrity, which means not only highlighting the relative independence of research directions in each second-level discipline but also paying more attention to the overall logic of the Marxist theory discipline, ensuring mutual support among the research directions of each second-level discipline to form a complete system; second, the principle of specialization, which means, while following the disciplinary connotation, research scope, and construction requirements determined by the Marxist Theory Discipline Evaluation Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, combining the institution’s academic traditions, regional advantages, and research foundation to refine characteristic areas of research directions with distinctiveness, but characteristics must be built on the basis of standardization and cannot deviate from the disciplinary scope; third, the principle of contemporaneity, which means the refinement of research directions in the Marxist theory discipline needs to respond promptly to the issues of the times within a standardized framework, adjusting the research focus around major propositions such as Chinese-path modernization and digital-intelligent ideological and political education, but adjustments must undergo scientific demonstration and conform to the laws of disciplinary development.

推动马克思主义理论学科研究方向凝练的规范化，需要把握三个关键原则：一是整体性原则，既要突出各二级学科研究方向的相对独立性，更要注重马克思主义理论学科的整体逻辑，确保各二级学科研究方向之间的相互支撑，形成完整体系；二是特色化原则，在遵循国务院学位委员会马克思主义理论学科评议组确定的学科内涵、研究范畴和建设要求的前提下，结合院校的学术传统、地域优势和研究基础，凝练具有辨识度的研究方向的特色领域，但特色必须建立在规范性基础之上，不能偏离学科范畴；三是时代性原则，马克思主义理论学科研究方向的凝练需在规范框架内及时回应时代课题，围绕中国式现代化、数智化思想政治教育等重大命题调整研究重心，但调整必须经过科学论证，符合学科发展规律。

(II) Standardization of Scientific Research Conduct

(二)科学研究开展规范化

The standardization of scientific research conduct is an important guarantee for ensuring that the scientific research of the Marxist theory discipline always adheres to the correct political direction, abides by academic ethics, and produces excellent results that can withstand the test of history and practice. As a discipline with Marxism as its soul and serving the cause of the Party and the state as its mission, the scientific research of the Marxist theory discipline must take root in the Chinese soil, respond to the questions of the times, and continuously produce excellent results that possess both theoretical depth and practical warmth.

科学研究开展的规范化，是确保马克思主义理论学科的科学研究始终坚守正确政治方向、恪守学术伦理、产出经得起历史和实践检验的优秀成果的重要保障。作为一门以马克思主义为灵魂、以服务党和国家事业为使命的学科，马克思主义理论学科的科学研究必须扎根中国大地、回应时代之问，以不断产出既有理论深度又有实践温度的优秀成果。

Currently, there are still some non-standard phenomena in the scientific research of the Marxist theory discipline: some research goes beyond the disciplinary connotation and boundaries of the Marxist theory discipline, deviating from the research scope of the Marxist theory discipline; some research is divorced from reality, indulging in abstract theoretical speculation, with weak response to practical problems; some results, in pursuit of “innovation,” deliberately create “new terms” or “new viewpoints” but lack solid theoretical support; some research, when citing Western Marxist theories, fails to conduct scientific analysis and even shows positional deviations. These problems not only affect the quality of scientific research but may also weaken the explanatory power and leading power of Marxist theory, thus highlighting the urgency of strengthening the standardization of scientific research in the Marxist theory discipline.

当前，马克思主义理论学科的科学研究中仍存在一些不够规范的现象：有的研究超出马克思主义理论学科的学科内涵和边界，偏离了马克思主义理论学科的研究范围；有的研究脱离实际，热衷于抽象的理论思辨，对现实问题的回应乏力；有的成果为追求“创新性”,刻意制造“新术语”“新观点”,却缺乏扎实的学理支撑；有的研究在引用西方马克思主义理论时，未能进行科学辨析，甚至出现立场偏差。这些问题不仅影响了科学研究的质量，更可能削弱马克思主义理论的解释力和引领力，由此凸显了强化马克思主义理论学科科学研究规范化的紧迫性。

First, it is necessary to adhere to the correct political stance. Research topics must be based on the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, focusing on the major theoretical and practical issues of Marxism and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, ensuring that the political stance of scientific research is firm and the value orientation is correct. Second, it is necessary to uphold the integration of theory with practice. The integration of theory with practice is the fundamental style of study of the Communist Party of China and also the fundamental requirement of Marxist research. Only by adhering to the integration of theory with practice can we reveal the laws of practical development under the guidance of theory, enrich Marxist theory with the regular understanding of practice, and open up new horizons for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Finally, it is necessary to abide by academic norms. In the scientific research of the Marxist theory discipline, research methods must adhere to the fundamental methods of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, and reasonably draw on research tools from modern social sciences, but cannot fall into the misunderstanding of “method supremacy,” let alone mechanically tailor Chinese practice with Western theoretical frameworks; in the expression of results, concepts must be clear, logic rigorous, and argumentation sufficient, avoiding empty slogan-style discourse or abstruse theoretical piling, ensuring the scientificity and persuasiveness of academic results.

首先，要坚守正确的政治立场，研究选题必须立足中国特色社会主义伟大实践，聚焦马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义的重大理论和实践问题，确保科学研究的政治立场坚定、价值导向正确。其次，要坚持理论联系实际。理论联系实际是中国共产党的根本学风，也是马克思主义研究的根本要求。只有坚持理论联系实际，才能在理论的指导下揭示实践发展的规律，用实践的规律性认识丰富马克思主义理论，开辟中国化时代化马克思主义新境界。最后，要恪守学术规范。马克思主义理论学科的科学研究，在研究方法上要坚持历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的根本方法，并合理借鉴现代社会科学的研究工具，但不能陷入“方法至上”的误区，更不能用西方的理论框架机械裁剪中国实践；在成果表达上，要做到概念清晰、逻辑严密、论证充分，避免空泛的口号式论述或玄虚化的理论堆砌，确保学术成果的科学性和说服力。

To promote the standardization of scientific research in the Marxist theory discipline, a multi-level guarantee mechanism must be constructed: first, strengthen the topic selection guidance mechanism, by establishing major research projects, issuing key topic selection guidelines, and other means, to guide researchers in the Marxist theory discipline to focus on major national strategic needs and frontier issues of the discipline, ensuring the directionality and value of research from the source; second, improve the academic evaluation mechanism, establishing evaluation standards with quality as the core and innovation as the orientation, resolutely abandoning the one-sided tendency of “only papers, only titles, only degrees,” and focusing on examining the political value, theoretical value, and practical value of outcomes; third, perfect the academic supervision mechanism, strictly implementing measures for investigating and handling academic misconduct, strengthening academic supervision over the entire research process, and fostering a clean and upright academic ecosystem.

推动马克思主义理论学科科学研究的规范化，需构建多层次的保障机制：一是强化选题引导机制，通过设立重大研究专项、发布重点选题指南等方式，引导马克思主义理论学科科研人员聚焦国家重大战略需求和学科前沿问题，从源头上确保研究的方向性和价值性；二是完善学术评价机制，建立以质量为核心、以创新为导向的评价标准，坚决摒弃“唯论文、唯职称、唯学历”的片面倾向，重点考察成果的政治价值、理论价值和实践价值；三是健全学术监督机制，严格执行学术不端行为查处办法，加强对研究全过程的学术监督，营造风清气正的学术生态。

(3) Standardization of Faculty Development

(三)教师队伍建设规范化

The standardization of faculty development is a fundamental requirement for the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline, and it is a key guarantee for the discipline to maintain its political attributes, enhance its academic standards, and fulfill the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education [n]. Teachers are the main body responsible for undertaking the teaching, research, and propaganda of Marxist theory. The quality of the faculty directly determines the height and depth of disciplinary construction, and standardized construction is the fundamental prerequisite for ensuring that this team is politically competent, professionally skilled, reasonably structured, and of excellent quality.

教师队伍建设规范化是马克思主义理论学科高质量发展的根本要求，更是学科保持政治属性、提升学术水准、落实立德树人根本任务的关键保障。教师是承担马克思主义理论教学、研究与宣传重任的主体，教师队伍的质量直接决定着学科建设的高度与深度，而规范化建设则是确保这支队伍政治过硬、业务精湛、结构合理、质量优良的根本前提。

Currently, the rapid expansion of the faculty in the Marxist theory discipline has exposed many non-standard problems: some institutions, in response to enrollment expansion needs, have lowered entry thresholds, simply “transferring” teachers with similar professional backgrounds to fill the ranks, leading to some teachers having shortcomings in their understanding of the discipline’s core categories and theoretical system; some units, in professional title evaluations, overemphasize the number of papers while neglecting teaching effectiveness and political gatekeeping capabilities, resulting in a tendency to “value research over teaching” and “value quantity over quality”; some faculties have an imbalanced structure, with too high a proportion of young teachers lacking the guidance of academic leaders. This reflects that the construction of the Marxist theory discipline faculty in some institutions lacks systematic and standardized development and fails to strictly implement the construction standards for the Marxist theory discipline faculty.

当前，马克思主义理论学科教师队伍在快速壮大中暴露出诸多不规范问题：部分院校为应对扩招需求，降低准入门槛，将相似专业背景的教师简单“转岗”充实队伍，导致部分教师对学科核心范畴、理论体系的理解存在短板；有的单位在职称评审中过度强调论文数量，忽视教学实效与政治把关能力，出现“重科研轻教学”“重数量轻质量”的倾向；有的教师队伍结构失衡，青年教师占比过高而缺乏学术带头人引领。由此反映出部分院校的马克思主义理论学科教师队伍缺乏系统规范的建设，未能严格落实马克思主义理论学科教师队伍的建设标准。

To promote the standardization of faculty development in the Marxist theory discipline, a whole-chain institutional system needs to be constructed. In the entry stage, strictly implement a dual gatekeeping of political standards and academic standards. In terms of political literacy, teachers are required to possess profound Marxist theoretical literacy, sincere Marxist beliefs, and firm and correct ideals and convictions—this is the primary norm for teachers in the Marxist theory discipline; in terms of academic background, a doctoral degree in a major related to Marxist theory should be clearly established as the core entry condition to ensure teachers have a solid disciplinary foundation. In the training and assessment stage, establish a regular training mechanism to enhance the academic literacy of young teachers, and construct a diversified evaluation system of “political quality + teaching performance + academic contribution + social service,” taking the effectiveness of ideological and political theory course teaching, Marxist theory research outcomes, and the actual results of participating in social service activities as core indicators, avoiding value deviations caused by single quantitative assessment. In terms of echelon construction, optimize the faculty structure according to the principle of “combining the old, middle-aged, and young, connecting through mentoring and guidance,” clarifying the responsibilities and development paths of academic leaders, backbone teachers, and young reserve forces, ensuring the sustainability of faculty development.

推动马克思主义理论学科教师队伍建设规范化，需要构建全链条制度体系。在准入环节，严格执行政治标准与学术标准双把关。在政治素养方面，要求教师具有深厚的马克思主义理论素养、真诚的马克思主义信仰和坚定正确的理想信念，这是马克思主义理论学科教师的首要规范；在学术背景上，明确以马克思主义理论相关专业博士学位为核心准入条件，确保教师具备扎实的学科基础。在培养与考核环节，建立常态化培训机制，提升青年教师的学术素养，构建“政治素质+教学业绩+学术贡献+社会服务”的多元评价体系，将思政课教学效果、马克思主义理论研究成果、参与社会服务活动的实效等作为核心指标，避免单一量化考核导致的价值偏差。在梯队建设方面，按照“老中青结合、传帮带衔接”的原则优化队伍结构，明确学术带头人、骨干教师、青年后备力量的职责与发展路径，确保队伍建设的可持续性。

(4) Standardization of Talent Cultivation Work

(四)人才培养工作规范化

The standardization of talent cultivation work is the core support for the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline, and it is an institutional guarantee for ensuring that the discipline always adheres to the fundamental direction of “what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them.” The standardization of talent cultivation work essentially transforms the educational laws of the Marxist theory discipline into operable, monitorable, and assessable institutional norms. By implementing cultivation norms in training objectives, curriculum systems, and practical links, it provides solid talent support for the inheritance and innovation of the Marxist theory discipline.

人才培养工作规范化，是马克思主义理论学科高质量发展的核心支撑，更是确保学科始终坚守“培养什么人、怎样培养人、为谁培养人”根本方向的制度保障。人才培养工作的规范化，本质上是将马克思主义理论学科的育人规律转化为可操作、可监督、可评估的制度规范，通过在培养目标、课程体系、实践环节等践行培养规范，为马克思主义理论学科的传承与创新提供坚实的人才支撑。

From the perspective of standardizing training objectives, it is necessary to firmly anchor the core requirements of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council for talent cultivation in the Marxist theory discipline: “cultivate university students with good political quality, excellent ideological and moral character, and a solid foundation in basic Marxist knowledge… cultivate master’s and doctoral students who are well-developed morally, intellectually, and physically, have high political quality, correct theoretical direction, relatively high Marxist literacy and theoretical foundation, and can use Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods to analyze and study contemporary practical problems.” [3]3 The “fundamental task of fostering virtue through education” (立德树人) is a core educational principle in China, emphasizing the cultivation of moral character and talent in students, particularly loyalty to the Party and the socialist cause. Currently, some institutions have a tendency towards ambiguity in setting talent cultivation objectives, either overemphasizing academic nature while neglecting political nature, or one-sidedly pursuing skill development while weakening theoretical depth. Standardized training objectives should strictly follow the guiding opinions of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council on talent cultivation in the Marxist theory discipline, placing “political standards” first, clarifying the gradient objectives for each educational stage (undergraduate, master’s, doctoral), and forming a progressive cultivation chain of “building a solid theoretical foundation—enhancing practical ability—shaping value positions.”

从培养目标的规范化来看，必须牢牢锚定国务院学位委员会关于马克思主义理论学科人才培养的核心要求：“培养政治素质好、思想品德优良、具有较好马克思主义基础知识的大学生……培养德智体全面发展、政治素质高、理论方向正确、具有比较高的马克思主义素养和理论功底、并能用马克思主义立场、观点和方法分析研究当代现实问题的硕士研究生和博士研究 生。”(3)当 前，部分院校在人才培养目标设定上存在模糊化倾向，或过度强调学术性而忽视政治性，或片面追求技能化而弱化理论深度。规范化的培养目标，应当严格按照国务院学位委员会关于马克思主义理论学科人才培养的指导意见，将“政治标准”置于首位，明确各学段(本科、硕士、博士)的梯度化目标，形成“基础理论筑牢—实践能力提升—价值立场塑造”的递进式培养链条。

The standardization of the curriculum system is the core carrier for the standardization of talent cultivation. The curriculum design of the Marxist theory discipline must follow the internal logic of the disciplinary knowledge system, covering core content such as the basic principles of Marxism, the history of Marxist development, the achievements in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and the specialized courses of each secondary discipline, ensuring clear levels and close connections between courses. However, in reality, the curriculum systems of some institutions have obvious shortcomings: some course names are changed arbitrarily, and core courses are insufficiently offered; some course content is outdated, failing to promptly integrate the latest theoretical achievements such as Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. A standardized curriculum system should be based on nationally compiled textbooks, constructing a modular course group of “required + elective” combined with the characteristics of the disciplinary direction, while establishing a curriculum update mechanism to regularly transform the Party’s innovative theories and major practical achievements into teaching content, ensuring the political nature, scientific nature, and contemporaneity of the courses.

课程体系的规范化是人才培养规范化的核心载体。马克思主义理论学科的课程设置必须遵循学科知识体系的内在逻辑，覆盖马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义发展史、马克思主义中国化时代化成果等核心内容与各二级学科的专业课程，确保课程之间层次清晰、衔接紧密。然而，现实中一些院校的课程体系存在明显短板：有的课程名称随意变更，核心课程开设不足；有的课程内容陈旧，未能及时融入习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想等最新理论成果。规范化的课程体系，应当以国家统编教材为基础，结合学科方向特色构建“必修+选修”的模块化课程群，同时建立课程更新机制，定期将党的创新理论、重大实践成果转化为教学内容，确保课程的政治性、科学性和时代性。

The standardization of practical teaching links is equally indispensable. The practical nature of Marxist theory determines that talent cultivation cannot be confined to classroom lectures; it must deepen theoretical understanding and enhance practical ability through the “grand ideological and political courses” of practical links. Standardized practical teaching should include a clear objective system—such as conducting social research to understand national and popular conditions, participating in grassroots governance to practice the mass line, organizing theoretical propaganda to disseminate the Party’s voice, etc.; it should establish stable practice bases, forming long-term cooperation mechanisms with Party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, communities and villages, etc.; it should formulate standardized practical assessment standards, incorporating practice reports, outcome transformation, service evaluations, etc., into the assessment system, preventing practical links from becoming mere formalities. Currently, the practical teaching in some institutions suffers from the phenomenon of “going through the motions,” with neither clear objectives nor standardized assessment, seriously affecting the quality of talent cultivation. This is precisely the key link that needs to be corrected through standardization construction.

实践教学环节的规范化同样不可或缺。马克思主义理论的实践性特质，决定了人才培养不能局限于课堂讲授，必须通过实践环节的“大思政课”深化理论认知、提升实践能力。规范化的实践教学应当包含明确的目标体系——如开展社会调研以理解国情民情、参与基层治理以践行群众路线、组织理论宣讲以传播党的声音等；应当建立稳定的实践基地，与党政机关、企事业单位、社区乡村等形成长效合作机制；制定规范的实践考核标准，将实践报告、成果转化、服务评价等纳入考核体系，避免实践环节流于形式。当前部分院校的实践教学存在“走过场”现象，既无明确目标，也无规范考核，严重影响了人才培养质量，这正是需要通过规范化建设加以纠正的关键环节。

(5) Standardization of Social Consultation Services

(五)社会咨询服务规范化

Social consultation services are an important carrier of the practical character of the Marxist theory discipline, and their standardized construction is an indispensable component of the discipline’s high-quality development. Marxist theory is not only an ideological weapon for understanding the world but also a guide to action for changing the world. Social consultation services are a direct pathway for the discipline to transform theoretical wisdom into practical effectiveness and respond to the needs of the times, achieving the unity of academic value and social value. The standardization of social consultation services can ensure that they truly become a bridge connecting the academic hall with social reality, allowing Marxist theory to demonstrate the power of truth in solving practical problems. At the same time, it can feed back into disciplinary research through service practice, providing fresh material for theoretical innovation, ultimately achieving a virtuous cycle between the discipline’s social value and its own development.

社会咨询服务是马克思主义理论学科实践性品格的重要载体，其规范化建设是学科高质量发展不可或缺的组成部分。马克思主义理论不仅是认识世界的思想武器，更是改造世界的行动指南，而社会咨询服务正是学科将理论智慧转化为实践效能、回应时代需求的直接途径，可实现学术价值与社会价值的统一。社会咨询服务规范化能确保其真正成为连接学术殿堂与社会现实的桥梁，让马克思主义理论在解决实际问题中彰显真理力量，同时通过服务实践反哺学科研究，为理论创新提供鲜活素材，最终实现学科社会价值与自身发展的良性循环。

The social consultancy services of the discipline of Marxist theory must form academic teams, focus on major practical issues closely related to Marxist theory, and always take as their core tasks the interpretation of the Party’s innovative theories, the elucidation of major national strategies, and the resolution of social ideological perplexities. The outcomes of social consultancy services in the discipline of Marxist theory, whether they are policy recommendation reports, theoretical propaganda materials, or special research white papers, must embody distinct political character, rigorous scientific nature, and strong practicality. They must follow the Party’s policies and guidelines as their guide and propose countermeasure suggestions that possess both theoretical depth and operability. Currently, some consultancy outcomes suffer from problems such as “excessive academicization” or “weak operability,” which should be effectively resolved in the process of standardizing social consultancy services, putting an end to impractical “empty talk.”

马克思主义理论学科的社会咨询服务必须组建学术团队，聚焦与马克思主义理论密切相关的重大现实问题，始终以阐释党的创新理论、解读国家重大战略、化解社会思想困惑为核心任务。马克思主义理论学科的社会咨询服务成果，无论是政策建议报告、理论宣讲材料还是专项研究白皮书，都必须体现鲜明的政治性、严谨的科学性和极强的实践性。要以党的方针政策为遵循，提出兼具理论高度和可操作性的对策建议。当前一些咨询成果存在“学术化过重”或“操作性不强”的问题，应当在社会咨询服务规范化的过程中切实加以解决，杜绝不切实际的“空谈”。

The standardization of social consultancy services also requires the establishment and improvement of supervision and guarantee mechanisms. On the one hand, a discipline-level consultancy service review committee should be established to conduct full-process supervision over the initiation, process, and outcomes of service projects, and to promptly halt and rectify projects that violate standards. On the other hand, social consultancy services should be incorporated into the discipline’s assessment and evaluation system, clarifying the orientation that “quality outweighs quantity,” avoiding the replacement of quality evaluation with quantitative indicators such as service frequency and contract amounts. At the same time, a consultancy service archive management system should be established to archive and record the service process and outcomes, providing a basis for subsequent standardized improvements.

社会咨询服务的规范化建设，还需要建立健全监管与保障机制。一方面，应成立学科层面的咨询服务审核委员会，对服务项目的立项、过程、成果进行全程监督，对违反规范的服务项目及时叫停并整改；另一方面，要将社会咨询服务纳入学科考核评价体系，明确“质量优于数量”的导向，避免以服务次数、合同金额等量化指标代替质量评估，同时建立咨询服务档案管理制度，对服务过程和成果进行存档备案，为后续规范化改进提供依据。

II. Integrated Development

二、整体化发展

Integration is a distinctive feature of the discipline of Marxist theory and an inevitable path to promoting its high-quality development. As a systematic and complete scientific ideological system, the vitality of Marxist theory stems not only from the scientific nature of its components but also from the organic unity formed among these components. Only by adhering to the direction of integrated development can the fragmentation and dispersion in discipline construction be broken, the scientific nature and vitality of Marxist theory be truly demonstrated, and a solid foundation be laid for the high-quality development of the discipline.

整体化是马克思主义理论学科的鲜明特质，是推动学科高质量发展的必由之路。马克思主义理论作为一个系统完整的科学思想体系，其生命力不仅源于各组成部分的科学性，更源于各部分之间有机统一形成的整体性。只有坚守整体化发展方向，才能打破学科建设中的碎片化、分散化现象，真正彰显马克思主义理论的科学性和生命力，为学科高质量发展筑牢根基。

(I) Horizontal Integration

(一)横向整体化

The core of horizontal integration in the discipline of Marxist theory lies in breaking down barriers within the discipline and between it and related disciplines, forming an organic whole of mutual support and coordinated development.

马克思主义理论学科横向整体化的核心在于打破学科内部及与相关学科之间的壁垒，形成相互支撑、协同发展的有机整体。

From within the Marxist theoretical system, Marxist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism are not three isolated parts but constitute the three pillars of the edifice of Marxist theory, with inseparable and mutually supportive essential connections and internal laws among them. Marxist philosophy provides the scientific worldview and methodology for the entire theoretical system and is the “key” to understanding the laws of social development; political economy, by analyzing the inherent contradictions of the capitalist mode of production, reveals the inevitable law of socialism replacing capitalism; and scientific socialism points out the future direction of human social development, reveals the laws of socialist development, and presents the ideal blueprint of a communist society. Together, the three constitute the complete system of Marxism of “explaining the world—criticizing the world—transforming the world.” Currently, some research tends to separate the three major components of Marxism: some focus solely on philosophical speculation while脱离 [divorcing from] concrete economic analysis, others confine themselves to textual research on political economy while neglecting methodological guidance, and still others engage in empty talk about the ideal goals of scientific socialism without theoretical support. This fragmented research not only weakens the overall explanatory power of Marxism but also fails to respond to the complex issues raised by the times. Promoting the integrated development of the discipline of Marxist theory means breaking down such barriers, studying Marxist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism as a whole, and deeply exploring the coherence of their internal logic. Only by grasping this internal connection can one truly understand the scientific character of the integrity of Marxist theory, break through the limitations of fragmented interpretations, truly reveal the essence of Marxism, and uncover the internal linkage mechanism of Marxist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism in explaining Chinese practice and responding to contemporary issues.

从马克思主义理论体系内部来看，马克思主义哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义并非孤立存在的三个部分，而是构成马克思主义理论大厦的三大支柱，彼此之间存在着不可分割、互相支撑的本质联系和内在规律。马克思主义哲学为整个理论体系提供了科学的世界观和方法论，是理解社会发展规律的“钥匙”;政治经济学通过剖析资本主义生产方式的内在矛盾，揭示了社会主义代替资本主义的必然规律；科学社会主义则指明了人类社会发展的未来方向，揭示了社会主义发展的规律，展现了共产主义社会的理想蓝图。三者共同构成马克思主义“解释世界—批判世界—改造世界”的完整体系。当前，部分研究存在将马克思主义三大组成部分割裂的倾向：或单纯聚焦哲学思辨而脱离现实经济分析，或局限于政治经济学的文本考据而忽视方法论指导，或空谈科学社会主义的理想目标而缺乏理论支撑。这种碎片化研究不仅削弱了马克思主义的整体解释力，也难以回应时代提出的复杂课题。推动马克思主义理论学科的整体化发展就是要打破这种壁垒，整体化研究马克思主义哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义，深入探究其内在逻辑的贯通性，只有把握这种内在联系，才能真正理解马克思主义理论整体性的科学品格，才能突破碎片化解读的局限，真正揭示马克思主义的精髓所在，揭示马克思主义哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义在解释中国实践、回应时代问题时的内在联动机制。

The horizontal integration of the discipline of Marxist theory requires strengthening the interconnections and collaborative research among its various secondary disciplines. Research on the basic principles of Marxism constitutes the foundation for research in all secondary disciplines of Marxist theory. Only by strengthening research on the basic principles of Marxism and placing them within the perspective of the historical development of Marxism and comparative studies with foreign Marxism can the basic principles of Marxism be better understood and mastered, laying the groundwork for exploring and grasping the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, and for advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and its popularization. The basic principles of Marxism should also explore the worldview and methodological foundations for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Furthermore, the study of ideological and political education, which advances the sinicization and popularization of Marxism, is inseparable from research on the basic principles of Marxism. Only by laying a solid theoretical foundation in the basic principles of Marxism can research on the sinicization of Marxism and ideological and political education achieve better development. The mutual coordination among the secondary disciplines of Marxist theory can provide strong support for each other’s development and offer solid backing for the integrated development of the discipline of Marxist theory.

马克思主义理论学科的横向整体化，需加强马克思主义理论学科各二级学科的相互联系和协同研究。马克思主义基本原理的研究，构成了马克思主义理论学科各二级学科研究的基础，只有强化马克思主义基本原理的研究，并把马克思主义基本原理放在马克思主义历史发展和与国外马克思主义比较研究的视域下，才能更好地理解和掌握马克思主义基本原理，为探索和把握马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，推进马克思主义中国化大众化打下基础。马克思主义基本原理也要探讨马克思主义中国化时代化的世界观、方法论基础。而马克思主义中国化、推进马克思主义大众化的思想政治教育，更离不开马克思主义基本原理的研究，只有打下扎实的马克思主义基本原理的理论基础，马克思主义中国化、思想政治教育的研究也才能获得更好的发展。马克思主义理论学科各二级学科之间的相互协同，可以为彼此的发展提供有力的支持，并为马克思主义理论学科的整体化发展提供坚实的支撑。

The horizontal integration of the discipline of Marxist theory also requires properly handling its relationship with related disciplines, achieving collaborative innovation while maintaining its own subjectivity. In relation to history, Marxist historical materialism is the “golden key” to unlocking historical mysteries; it transcends the idealist conception of history as the deeds of heroes and attributes historical development to the contradictory movement between productive forces and relations of production. At the same time, the empirical research of history on specific historical events and figures can test and enrich the content of historical materialism, preventing it from falling into abstraction and dogmatism. In relation to cultural studies, Marxist theory provides a scientific tool for analyzing the ideological attributes, class nature, and people-centeredness of culture, while cultural studies’ research on fine traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture offers a practical path for the integration of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, promoting the innovative development of Marxist cultural theory. What needs to be guarded against is that, in the horizontal interaction between the discipline of Marxist theory and related disciplines, two tendencies should be prevented: first, the “substitution thesis,” which simply replaces the specific research of other disciplines with Marxist theory, neglecting the laws of the disciplines themselves; second, the “dependency thesis,” which loses the theoretical dominance of Marxism in interdisciplinary research, reducing it to a “vassal” of other disciplines. The key to integrated development lies in using the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method to lead research in related disciplines, while absorbing the beneficial achievements of various disciplines to enrich its own system, thereby building a disciplinary pattern of symbiosis, co-prosperity, and coordinated development.

马克思主义理论学科的横向整体化，还需妥善处理其与相关学科的关系，在保持自身主体性的前提下实现协同创新。与历史学的关系中，马克思主义唯物史观是破解历史谜团的“金钥匙”,它超越了历史唯心主义的英雄史观，将历史发展归结为生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动，而历史学对具体历史事件、历史人物的实证研究，又能检验和丰富唯物史观的内涵，避免其陷入抽象化、教条化。与文化学的关系中，马克思主义理论为分析文化的意识形态属性、阶级性与人民性提供了科学工具，同时文化学对中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化的研究，又为马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化的结合提供了实践路径，推动了马克思主义文化理论的创新发展。需要警惕的是，马克思主义理论学科在与相关学科的横向互动中，要防止两种倾向：一是“替代论”,即用马克思主义理论简单替代其他学科的具体研究，忽视学科自身规律；二是“依附论”,在跨学科研究中丧失马克思主义的理论主导权，沦为其他学科的“附庸”。整体化发展的关键，在于以马克思主义的立场观点方法引领相关学科的研究，同时吸收各学科的有益成果丰富自身体系，构建共生共荣、协同发展的学科格局。

(II) Vertical Integration

(二)纵向整体化

Vertical integration is essentially a holistic grasp of the developmental course of Marxism, exploring the internal connections and objective laws of the vertical development of Marxism and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Marxism was born in the mid-19th century, revealing the general laws of the development of human society. With its scientific, revolutionary, practical and people-centered nature, it provided a powerful ideological weapon and guide to action for the proletarian revolution, socialist construction, and the development of human society. When Marxism was introduced into China and integrated with China’s specific realities, it promoted the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, the integration of the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with China’s specific realities gave rise to Mao Zedong Thought, guiding the Chinese people to achieve national independence and liberation. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the “Second Integration”[n5] of Marxism-Leninism with China’s specific realities enriched and developed Mao Zedong Thought in light of new realities. Since reform and opening up, a series of achievements in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context—Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and others—have emerged one after another, guiding China to gradually embark on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and promoting rapid economic and social development. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, from the historical standpoint of the New Era, centers on the major epochal课题 of “what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the New Era and how to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, what kind of great modern socialist country to build and how to build a great modern socialist country, and what kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist party,”[n6] deepening, from a new perspective, the understanding of the laws of governance by the Communist Party in the New Era, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of the development of human society.

纵向整体化本质上是对马克思主义发展历程的整体性把握，探究马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义纵向发展的内在联系及其客观规律。马克思主义诞生于19世纪中叶，揭示了人类社会发展的一般规律，以其科学性、革命性、实践性和人民性，为无产阶级革命和社会主义建设、为人类社会发展提供了强大的思想武器和行动指南。马克思主义传入中国，同中国具体实际相结合，推动了马克思主义中国化时代化。新民主主义革命时期，把马克思列宁主义基本原理与中国具体实际相结合，创立了毛泽东思想，指引中国人民取得了民族独立和人民解放；社会主义革命和建设时期，把马克思列宁主义与中国具体实际进行“第二次结合”,结合新的实际丰富和发展了毛泽东思想。改革开放以来，邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观等一系列中国化马克思主义成果相继涌现，指引中国逐步走上中国特色社会主义道路，推动经济社会快速发展。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，在新时代的历史方位下，围绕“新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，建设什么样的社会主义现代化强国、怎样建设社会主义现代化强国，建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党、怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党”(4)这一重大时代课题，以全新的视野深化了对新时代共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律的认识。

The study of vertical integration is key to understanding the theoretical character of Marxism as both carrying forward the legacy and advancing with the times. Marxism and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times both carry forward the legacy, consistently adhering to the positions, viewpoints and methods of Marxism, and advance with the times, enriching and developing Marxism according to the specific realities and epochal characteristics of different historical periods, forming an organic whole of vertical development. It is necessary to clearly sort out the inheritance of core categories among the various theoretical forms—for example, the “people’s standpoint,” from Marx and Engels’ proposition that “the proletarian movement is the independent movement of the immense majority, in the interests of the immense majority,”[n7] to Comrade Mao Zedong’s “serve the people,” to General Secretary Xi Jinping’s “people-centered development thought,” has always been the value thread running through them. It is necessary to profoundly explain the response of theoretical innovation to epochal questions—from the creative development of Marxist revolutionary theory by the path of “encircling the cities from the countryside,” to the breakthrough in Marxist political economy by the “socialist market economy,” to the original contribution to scientific socialism by “Chinese-path modernization,” demonstrating how Marxism advances with the times under different historical conditions.

纵向整体化研究是理解马克思主义既一脉相承又与时俱进理论品格的关键。马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义，既一脉相承，始终坚守马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，又与时俱进，根据不同历史时期的具体实际和时代特征，对马克思主义进行了丰富和发展，形成了一个纵向发展的有机整体。要清晰梳理各理论形态之间的核心范畴传承——比如“人民立场”从马克思恩格斯提出的“无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的，为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动”(5),到毛泽东同志提出的“为人民服务”,再到习近平总书记提出的“以人民为中心的发展思想”,始终是贯穿其中的价值主线。要深刻阐释理论创新对时代课题的回应——从“农村包围城市”道路对马克思主义革命理论的创造性发展，到“社会主义市场经济”对马克思主义政治经济学的突破，再到“中国式现代化”对科学社会主义的原创性贡献，展现了马克思主义在不同历史条件下的与时俱进。

The high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline requires that, from the thread of historical development, we not only deeply excavate the ideological essence of Marxism, but also comprehensively grasp the theoretical innovations and developmental threads of Marxism and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in each historical period, clearly recognize the continuity and stages of the development of Marxist theory, and thereby better grasp the laws of the development of Marxist theory, promoting the vertical integration of the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline.

马克思主义理论学科的高质量发展，要求我们从历史发展的脉络中，既要深入挖掘马克思主义的思想精髓，又要全面把握马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义在各个历史时期的理论创新和发展脉络，清晰认识马克思主义理论发展的连续性和阶段性，从而更好地把握马克思主义理论发展的规律，推动马克思主义理论学科高质量发展的纵向整体性。

(3) Overall Hierarchization

(三)整体层次化

The core of the overall hierarchization of the Marxist theory discipline lies in properly handling the dialectical relationship between the first-level discipline and the second-level disciplines. This relationship is embodied both in the first-level discipline’s overarching guidance and leadership over the second-level disciplines, and in the second-level disciplines’ support and feedback to the first-level discipline. The two are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, jointly forming a disciplinary ecology with distinct levels and coordinated functions.

马克思主义理论学科的整体层次化，核心在于处理好一级学科与二级学科之间的辩证关系，这种关系既体现为一级学科对二级学科的统摄与引领，又表现为二级学科对一级学科的支撑与反哺，二者相互依存、相互促进，共同构成层次分明、功能协同的学科生态。

The first-level discipline has a fundamental guiding and commanding role over the second-level disciplines. Strengthening the guidance research of the first-level discipline of Marxist theory over second-level disciplines such as Basic Principles of Marxism, Adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese Context, and Ideological and Political Education is precisely to ensure that when exploring specific field issues, the second-level disciplines do not deviate from the core themes and overall framework of Marxism, always adhere to the essential attributes of the Marxist theory discipline, thereby maintaining the integrity of the Marxist theory disciplinary system, and avoiding the pitfall of fragmented research caused by second-level disciplines overemphasizing their own characteristics. As branches of the first-level discipline of Marxist theory, the setting of research directions, the unfolding of research content, and the choice of research methods in each second-level discipline must all follow the overall logic of the first-level discipline.

一级学科对二级学科具有根本性的指导和支配作用。加强马克思主义理论一级学科对马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义中国化、思想政治教育等二级学科的指导研究，就是要确保各二级学科在探索具体领域问题时，不偏离马克思主义的核心议题与整体框架，始终坚守马克思主义理论学科的本质属性，从而维护马克思主义理论学科体系的整体性，避免各二级学科因过度强调自身特色而陷入碎片化研究的误区。各二级学科作为马克思主义理论一级学科的分支，其研究方向的设定、研究内容的展开以及研究方法的选择，都必须遵循一级学科的整体逻辑。

The development of the first-level discipline is also inseparable from the autonomous exploration and integrated feedback of the second-level disciplines. As branches of the Marxist theory discipline, each second-level discipline has its specific research objects and fields. Some focus on the textual interpretation of classic works, some concentrate on the historical process and theoretical achievements of integrating Marxism with China’s specific realities, and others delve deeply into ideological guidance and value shaping in specific areas. This autonomous exploration is not a fragmentation of the whole, but rather deepens the research of the Marxist theory discipline through intensive cultivation in specific directions. At the same time, attention should be paid to the comprehensive synthesis of the achievements of the second-level disciplines, gathering scattered research results into systematic theoretical understanding, thereby enriching and perfecting the theoretical system of the first-level discipline of Marxist theory, and avoiding the discipline falling into the predicament of being vague and abstract. The more in-depth and abundant the research results of each second-level discipline, the stronger the supporting role for the first-level discipline after integration and synthesis. Through this process of “autonomous exploration—integration and synthesis—overall feedback,” the achievements of the second-level disciplines are transformed into endogenous driving forces for the development of the first-level discipline, promoting the formation of a benign development pattern in the Marxist theory discipline of “the whole leading the branches, the branches supporting the whole.”

一级学科的发展也离不开二级学科的自主探索与整合反哺。各二级学科作为马克思主义理论学科的分支，有其特定的研究对象和领域。有的聚焦经典著作的文本解读，有的专注于马克思主义同中国具体实际相结合的历史进程与理论成果，有的深入研究特定领域的思想引领与价值塑造。这种自主探索不是对整体的割裂，而是通过对特定方向的深耕，深化马克思主义理论学科的研究。同时，注重对各二级学科成果的综合凝练，将分散的研究成果汇聚成系统的理论认识，进而丰富和完善马克思主义理论一级学科的理论体系，避免学科陷入空泛化、抽象化的困境。各二级学科的研究成果越是深入和丰富，经过整合凝练后对一级学科的支撑作用就越是强劲。通过这种“自主探索—整合凝练—整体反哺”,使各二级学科的成果转化为一级学科发展的内生动力，推动马克思主义理论学科形成“整体引领分支、分支支撑整体”的良性发展格局。

The key to overall hierarchization lies in achieving a dynamic balance between “overall leadership” and “hierarchical support.” Without the overall guidance of the first-level discipline, the research of the second-level disciplines may lose direction and fall into blindness; without the support of the second-level disciplines, the first-level discipline would become an empty framework, lacking a solid content foundation. Only by stimulating the research vitality of the second-level disciplines under the overarching guidance of the first-level discipline, while simultaneously integrating and feeding back the research results of the second-level disciplines to support the overall development of the first-level discipline, can the Marxist theory discipline maintain both the rigor of its system and the correctness of its direction, while also possessing richness of content and adaptability to the times, truly realizing the overall hierarchization of the Marxist theory discipline.

整体层次化的关键，在于实现“整体引领”与“层次支撑”的动态平衡。没有一级学科的整体指导，二级学科的研究就可能失去方向，陷入盲目；没有二级学科的支撑，一级学科就会成为空洞的框架，缺乏坚实的内容基础。唯有在一级学科的统摄下激发二级学科的研究活力，同时通过二级学科的研究成果整合反哺一级学科的整体发展，才能使马克思主义理论学科既保持体系的严整性与方向的正确性，又具备内容的丰富性与时代的适应性，真正实现马克思主义理论学科的整体层次化。

Therefore, the integrated development of the Marxist theory discipline includes three aspects: the completeness of the theoretical system, the continuity of historical development, and the systematicity of the disciplinary structure. Only by achieving horizontal systemic linkage, vertical logical coherence, and coordinated progress at all levels can the limitation of “seeing only the trees, not the forest” in disciplinary construction be broken, the overall effectiveness of Marxist theory be truly unleashed, lasting momentum be injected into the high-quality development of the discipline, and its important role in guiding practice, directing the way, and cultivating talent be better played in the New Era.

因此，马克思主义理论学科的整体化发展，包括理论体系的完整性、历史发展的连续性和学科结构的系统性三个方面。只有实现横向的系统联动、纵向的逻辑贯通、各层次的协同共进，才能打破学科建设中的“只见树木、不见森林”的局限，真正释放马克思主义理论的整体效能，为学科高质量发展注入持久动力，使其在新时代更好地发挥指导实践、引领方向、培养人才的重要作用。

3. Innovative Exploration

三、创新性探索

The high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline in the New Era is inseparable from innovative exploration of Marxist theory, from opening up new realms for the development of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and from the enrichment of the treasure trove of Marxist theory and the guidance of practical development by innovative research results. “Unifying the adherence to Marxism with the development of Marxism, and continuously making new theoretical creations in light of new practice—this is the secret to Marxism’s enduring vitality.”[n8] This is also the inevitable requirement and practical path for the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline. The breakthrough power of original innovation, the integrative power of synthetic innovation, the fusion power of translational innovation, the penetrating power of interpretive innovation, and the disseminative power of pedagogical innovation together constitute the innovative exploration of the Marxist theory discipline.

新时代马克思主义理论学科的高质量发展，离不开马克思主义理论的创新性探索，离不开开创马克思主义中国化时代化发展的新境界，离不开创新性研究成果对马克思主义理论宝库的丰富和实践发展的指导。“把坚持马克思主义和发展马克思主义统一起来，结合新的实践不断作出新的理论创造，这是马克思主义永葆生机活力的奥妙所在。”(6)这也是马克思主义理论学科高质量发展的必然要求和现实路径。原始性创新的突破力、集成性创新的整合力、转化性创新的融合力、阐释性创新的穿透力与教学性创新的传播力，共同构筑起马克思主义理论学科的创新性探索。

(1) Original Innovation

(一)原始性创新

Original innovation is the most breakthrough and revolutionary source of dynamism in the development of the Marxist theory discipline. It takes confronting the fundamental problems of the era as its starting point, original theoretical exploration as its core, and forward-looking ideological guidance as its goal. “Revealing a law is innovation, proposing a doctrine is innovation, elucidating a principle is innovation, and creating a method for solving a problem is also innovation.”[9]9 This quotation is attributed to Xi Jinping, who used this formulation to define the broad scope of theoretical This kind of innovation is not a patch-up of existing theories, nor a simple renaming of concepts; rather, on the basis of profoundly grasping the pulse of the times, it makes an original Marxist response to the fundamental issues facing the development of human society. It is a deep inquiry into the laws of the development of human society, the laws of party governance, and the laws of socialist construction — whether revealing the new characteristics of the movement of social contradictions under new historical conditions, proposing new theoretical paradigms to explain Chinese practice and world changes, or using a forward-looking perspective to anticipate the trends of the times. Major questions such as “What is wrong with the world, where is humanity headed?”, “What is the Communist Party of China, what does it want to do?”, “What kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics should be upheld and developed in the New Era, and how?”, and “What kind of great modern socialist country should be built, and how?” are not only “compulsory questions” posed by the era but also “core propositions” that Marxist theory and the Marxist theory discipline must address. Original innovation requires applying the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, based on new practical contexts, to propose new ideas, new theses, and new viewpoints with creativity, persuasiveness, and guiding power. This enables Marxist theory to continuously open up new horizons in responding to new problems and challenges, and enables the Marxist theory discipline to demonstrate powerful innovative and guiding strength in answering the questions of the era.

原始性创新，是马克思主义理论学科发展中最具突破性与革命性的动力源泉，它以直面时代根本问题为起点，以原创性理论探索为核心，以前瞻性思想引领为目标。“揭示一条规律是创新，提出一种学说是创新，阐明一个道理是创新，创造一种解决问题的办法也是创新。”(7)这种创新不是对既有理论的修修补补，不是简单的概念翻新，而是在深刻把握时代脉搏的基础上，对人类社会发展面临的根本性课题作出马克思主义的原创性回应，是对人类社会发展规律、政党执政规律、社会主义建设规律的深层叩问——或是揭示新的历史条件下社会矛盾运动的新特征，或是提出解释中国实践与世界变局的新理论范式，或是以前瞻性视野预判时代发展趋势。“世界怎么了、人类向何处去”“中国共产党是什么、要干什么”“新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义”“建设什么样的社会主义现代化强国、怎样建设社会主义现代化强国”等重大问题，既是时代抛出的“必答题”,也是马克思主义理论和马克思主义理论学科必须回应的“核心命题”。原始性创新要求运用马克思主义的立场观点方法，立足新的实践情境，提出具有创造力、说服力与引领力的新思想、新论断、新观点，使马克思主义理论在回应新问题、新挑战中不断开辟新境界，使马克思主义理论学科在解答时代课题中展现出强大的创新性和引领性力量。

(2) Integrated Innovation

(二)集成性创新

Integrated innovation in the Marxist theory discipline is a systematic theoretical leap achieved on the basis of accumulated disciplinary development. Its core essence lies in constructing a new theoretical form with internal consistency and explanatory power through in-depth sorting, logical convergence, theoretical refinement, and systematic integration of existing research results. This kind of innovation is not a simple superposition or mechanical splicing of existing achievements; rather, it follows the internal logic of theoretical development, realizing a theoretical sublimation from the scattered to the systematic, from the partial to the whole, and from the concrete to the abstract in the process of “achieving a great synthesis,” thereby manifesting the holistic and open character of the Marxist theoretical system.

马克思主义理论学科的集成性创新，是在学科发展积淀基础上实现的系统性理论跃升，其核心要义在于通过对既有研究成果的深度梳理、逻辑汇聚、学理凝练与系统集成，构建具有内在一致性和解释力的新理论形态。这种创新并非对既有成果的简单叠加或机械拼接，而是遵循理论发展的内在逻辑，在“集大成”的过程中实现从分散到系统、从局部到整体、从具体到抽象的理论升华，彰显马克思主义理论体系的整体性与开放性品格。

The systematic collation of existing achievements is the foundational link of integrated innovation, and its core lies in establishing a scientific academic genealogy and historical lineage. Integrated innovation requires taking historical materialism as the methodological guide. Vertically, it sorts out the evolutionary trajectory of Marxist theory from its founding to its development, from its classical form to its form adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, clarifying the core propositions and logical transitions of different theoretical stages. Horizontally, it integrates the research results of sub-disciplines such as the basic principles of Marxism, the study of the Sinicization of Marxism, and ideological and political education, defining the theoretical boundaries and intersecting nodes of each field. The logical convergence of results is a key step in integrated innovation, emphasizing the search for commonalities within differences and the discovery of connections within dispersion, using dialectical thinking to grasp the internal relationships between results: for complementary research results, forming multi-dimensional interpretations of specific issues through logical connections; for theoretical viewpoints that have tension or even divergence, analyzing their boundaries of rationality and scope of application through historical contextual restoration and practical testing; for interdisciplinary research results, breaking down disciplinary barriers and refining the common value positions and methodological principles contained within them. Theoretical refinement is the deepening link of integrated innovation, aiming to extract universal theoretical categories and regular understandings from complex and diverse results. In essence, it is a leap in thinking from “perceptual concreteness” to “scientific abstraction” and then to “conceptual concreteness,” with the goal of forming a theoretical core with universality and explanatory power. Integrated innovation is an inevitable requirement for the Marxist theory discipline to maintain its own unity and continuity of development. In the New Era, it is not only an important path for promoting the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline but also an innovative way to manifest the holistic power of Marxism as a “scientific worldview and methodology.”

对已有成果的系统性整理，是集成性创新的基础环节，其核心在于建立科学的学术谱系与历史脉络。集成性创新要求以历史唯物主义为方法论指导，在纵向上，梳理马克思主义理论从创立到发展、从经典形态到中国化时代化形态的演进轨迹，厘清不同理论阶段的核心命题与逻辑转换；在横向上，整合马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义中国化研究、思想政治教育等二级学科的研究成果，明确各领域的理论边界与交叉节点。成果的逻辑汇聚是集成性创新的关键步骤，强调在差异中寻找共性、在分散中发现关联，运用辩证思维把握成果之间的内在联系：对于具有互补性的研究成果，通过逻辑关联形成对特定问题的多维度阐释；对于存在张力甚至分歧的理论观点，通过历史语境还原与实践检验，辨析其合理性边界与适用范围；对于跨学科的研究成果，打破学科壁垒，提炼其中蕴含的共同价值立场与方法论原则。学理凝练是集成性创新的深化环节，旨在从纷繁复杂的成果中提炼具有普遍性的理论范畴与规律认识，本质上是从“感性具体”到“科学抽象”再到“思维具体”的思维跃迁，其目标是形成具有普遍性和解释力的理论内核。集成性创新是马克思主义理论学科保持自身统一性与发展连续性的必然要求。新时代，它不仅是推动马克思主义理论学科高质量发展的重要路径，更是彰显马克思主义作为“科学世界观和方法论”的整体性力量的创新方式。

(3) Transformative Innovation

(三)转化性创新

Transformative innovation in the Marxist theory discipline is a key path for the discipline to maintain its openness and contemporaneity. Its essence lies in, while adhering to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, actively absorbing the scientific value of technological innovation and the theoretical nutrients of related disciplines. Through cross-fertilization and infiltration, it achieves the creative transformation of external achievements into the discipline’s internal theoretical resources, ultimately forming new results with explanatory power and vitality. This kind of innovation is not simple “borrowing”; rather, while adhering to the theoretical core, it endows Marxist theory with new forms of expression, research perspectives, and practical functions. Regarding achievements in scientific and technological innovation, while using information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence to empower Marxist theoretical research, it is necessary to strip away their technical shell, examine philosophical propositions such as the ethical boundaries of AI, the value creation of digital labor, and the power structure within the platform economy, refine the theoretical core of social relations and value conflicts contained within, incorporate them into the research field of Marxism, and elevate technological achievements from “instrumental rationality” to “value rationality.” Regarding achievements from related disciplines, it is necessary to identify their points of convergence and divergence with Marxist theory, carry out a Marxist theoretical reshaping of compatible parts, and critically draw on parts where tension exists. The purpose of transformative innovation is to achieve the goal of “making it serve my use,” ensuring that cross-disciplinary research does not deviate from the value coordinates of Marxism. Through transformation, the Marxist theory discipline can both maintain its own theoretical purity and continuously absorb the nutrients of the times, achieving theoretical breakthroughs in the dialectical unity of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. This keeps the discipline vibrant in openness, avoids falling into theoretical difficulties due to closure and rigidity, and provides more dynamic intellectual resources for answering the questions of China, the world, the people, and the era.

马克思主义理论学科的转化性创新，是学科保持开放性与时代性的关键路径，其要旨在于在坚守马克思主义的立场、观点、方法的同时，主动吸纳科技创新的科学价值与相关学科的理论养分，通过交叉渗透实现外部成果向学科内在理论资源的创造性转化，最终形成具有解释力与生命力的新成果。这种创新并非简单的“拿来主义”,而是在坚守理论内核的前提下，赋予马克思主义理论以新的表达形式、研究视角与实践功能。对于科技创新成果，在借助大数据、人工智能等信息技术赋能马克思主义理论研究的同时，要剥离其技术外壳，透视人工智能的伦理边界、数字劳动的价值创造、平台经济中的权力结构等哲学命题，提炼其中蕴含的社会关系、价值冲突等理论内核，将其纳入马克思主义的研究领域，使科技成果从“工具理性”升华为“价值理性”;对于相关学科成果，要辨析其与马克思主义理论的契合点与差异处，对可兼容的部分进行马克思主义的理论重塑，对存在张力的部分进行批判性借鉴。转化性创新的目的在于实现“为我所用”的目标，确保交叉研究不偏离马克思主义的价值坐标。通过转化，马克思主义理论学科既能保持自身的理论纯洁性，又能不断吸纳时代养分，在守正与创新的辩证统一中实现理论突破，使学科在开放中保持活力，避免因封闭僵化而陷入理论困境，为解答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问提供更具活力的思想资源。

(4) Interpretive Innovation

(四)阐释性创新

Interpretive innovation in the Marxist theory discipline shoulders the important mission of “understanding its words, knowing its meaning, and clarifying its principles.” Its core task is to transform the rich connotations of Marxism and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times into a knowable and perceptible theoretical form through systematic and theoretical in-depth interpretation, revealing the underlying facts, theories, philosophies, and principles, so that the theory maintains its penetrating power of thought and its affinity for dissemination. This kind of innovation is not a simple restatement of theoretical texts, nor is it a pursuit of obscure and difficult academic expression. Rather, it is a multi-dimensional, deep-level decoding and reconstruction of them. It must both adhere to the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, ensuring the correct direction of interpretation, and possess the courage and wisdom for innovation, constantly exploring new paths and methods of interpretation. Through profound theoretical thinking, rigorous academic norms, and accessible linguistic expression, it fully manifests the truth power and practical force of Marxism and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

马克思主义理论学科的阐释性创新，肩负着“解其言、知其意、明其理”的重要使命，其核心任务在于通过系统化、学理化的深度阐释，将马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义的丰富内涵转化为可知可感的理论形态，揭示其背后的事理、学理、哲理与原理，使理论保持思想的穿透力、传播的亲和力。这种创新并非对理论文本的简单复述，并非追求晦涩难懂的学术表达，而是对其进行多维度、深层次的解码与重构，既要坚守马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，确保阐释的正确方向；又要具备创新的勇气与智慧，不断探索阐释的新路径、新方法，以深刻的理论思维、严谨的学术规范和通俗的语言表达，充分彰显马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义的真理力量与实践伟力。

Systematic and theoretical elaboration is the foundational project and core link of interpretive innovation, aimed at constructing a logically rigorous and clearly layered theoretical system. “The study and research of Marxism cannot adopt an attitude of superficial understanding or a fleeting glance.” [10]10 Quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the Conference on the Work of Philosophy and Social Sciences, May 17, 2016. It is necessary to sort and integrate theoretical achievements scattered across different historical contexts and aimed at different practical scenarios, clarify the logical mainline of theoretical innovation, build the framework structure of the theory, and define the internal relationships among core concepts, basic propositions, and important judgments. This ensures both an accurate grasp of the theory’s “complete picture” and a clear understanding of the “positioning” of each part, avoiding comprehension deviations caused by fragmented cognition. On the basis of adhering to systematic and theoretical elaboration, interpretive innovation also needs to transform profound theories into vivid discourse, convert abstract concepts into concrete cases, use forms that the masses are happy to see and hear, adopt differentiated interpretive strategies according to the cognitive characteristics of different groups, and leverage new media platforms, literary and artistic works, and theoretical propaganda to make theoretical interpretation more grounded and more attractive, avoiding the “talking to oneself” of academic idling, so that Marxism and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times truly become ideological weapons guiding people to understand and transform the world.

系统化、学理化阐释，是阐释性创新的基础工程与核心环节，旨在构建逻辑严密、层次分明的理论体系。“对马克思主义的学习和研究，不能采取浅尝辄止、蜻蜓点水的态度。”(8)要将分散于不同历史语境、针对不同实践场景的理论成果进行梳理整合，厘清理论创新的逻辑主线，搭建理论的框架结构，明确核心概念、基本命题、重要论断之间的内在关联，既准确把握理论“全貌”,又清晰理解各部分的“定位”,避免因碎片化认知而导致的理解偏差。在坚持系统化、学理化阐释的基础上，阐释性创新还需要将深奥的理论转化为生动的话语，将抽象的概念转化为具体的案例，运用群众喜闻乐见的形式，针对不同群体的认知特点采取差异化的阐释策略，借助新媒体平台、文艺作品、理论宣讲等，使理论阐释更接地气、更具吸引力，避免“自说自话”的学术空转，使马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义真正成为指导人们认识世界、改造世界的思想武器。

IV. Autonomous Construction

四、自主性建构

The autonomous construction of the Marxist theory discipline is the core proposition and fundamental hallmark of the discipline’s high-quality development. This construction is by no means utopian thinking divorced from reality or self-enclosed work behind closed doors; rather, it is based on Chinese soil, rooted in the soil of the times, and on the basis of a profound grasp of the theoretical logic of Marxism and the practical logic of China, through the construction and improvement of the disciplinary system, academic system, discourse system, and textbook system, ultimately forming an autonomous knowledge system with subjectivity and originality. “Whether our philosophy and social sciences have Chinese characteristics ultimately depends on whether they have subjectivity and originality.” [11]11 Quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the Conference on the Work of Philosophy and Social Sciences, May 17, 2016. The autonomous construction of the Marxist theory discipline is precisely the concentrated embodiment of this subjectivity and originality, and is the foundation and soul of the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline.

马克思主义理论学科的自主性建构，是学科高质量发展的核心命题与根本标志。这种建构绝非脱离实际的空想，自我封闭的闭门造车，而是立足中国大地、扎根时代土壤，在深刻把握马克思主义理论逻辑与中国实践逻辑的基础上，通过对学科体系、学术体系、话语体系、教材体系的构建与完善，最终形成具有主体性、原创性的自主知识体系。“我们的哲学社会科学有没有中国特色，归根到底要看有没有主体性、原创性”(9),马克思主义理论学科的自主性建构，正是这种主体性与原创性的集中体现，是马克思主义理论学科高质量发展的根基与灵魂。

(I) Construction and Improvement of the Disciplinary System

(一)学科体系建构和完善

The construction and improvement of the knowledge system of the Marxist theory discipline is a systematic project. On the basis of clarifying the core positioning of the first-level discipline, it is necessary to achieve precise division of labor among second-level disciplines, in-depth expansion of third-level disciplines, and through the coordinated linkage of the discipline cluster, form a disciplinary ecology with clear layers, rigorous logic, and dynamic balance. This system must both adhere to the theoretical origins of Marxism and respond to the practical needs of the development of the times, providing solid structural support for the high-quality development of the discipline.

马克思主义理论学科知识体系的建构和完善，是一项系统性工程，需要在明确一级学科核心定位的基础上，实现二级学科的精准分工、三级学科的深度拓展，并通过学科群的协同联动，形成层次分明、逻辑严密、动态平衡的学科生态。这一体系既要坚守马克思主义的理论本源，又要回应时代发展的实践需求，为学科的高质量发展提供坚实的结构支撑。

The first-level discipline of Marxist theory, as the “pillar” of the disciplinary system, bears the core function of commanding the overall situation. Its core positioning lies in adhering to the integrity and scientific nature of Marxism, taking the basic principles, standpoints, viewpoints, and methods of Marxism as the “red thread” running through the whole, providing unified theoretical guidance and value coordinates for each branch discipline. The construction of the first-level discipline must both focus on the original research of Marxist theory and be based on contemporary Chinese practice. Second-level disciplines, as the “main branches” of the first-level discipline, are the key level for realizing refined theoretical research and characteristic development. The currently established second-level disciplines, such as Basic Principles of Marxism, History of Marxist Development, Study of the Adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese Context, Ideological and Political Education, Study of Marxism Abroad, and Study of Basic Issues in Modern Chinese History, each bear differentiated research missions and together constitute the “four beams and eight pillars” of the first-level discipline. [12]12 “Four beams and eight pillars” (四梁八柱) is a Chinese architectural metaphor for the main supporting framework of a structure, used here to describe the core components of the disciplinary system. The improvement of second-level disciplines requires both consolidating the research advantages of existing disciplines, deepening the theoretical depth of their respective fields, and dynamically adjusting research directions according to the needs of the times, so that second-level disciplines always resonate with innovative theory and practical development. Third-level disciplines, as the “peripheral nerves” of second-level disciplines, are important supports for achieving refined, specialized, and cutting-edge theoretical research. Within the framework of second-level disciplines, they focus on more specific research fields and issues, forming a research characteristic of “micro-entry, in-depth excavation.” The key to their improvement lies in following a “problem orientation,” always maintaining logical connection with second-level disciplines, avoiding research fragmentation caused by excessive refinement, and promptly adjusting research directions according to academic frontiers and practical needs. The Marxist theory discipline cluster, with the first-level discipline of Marxist theory as its core, links related disciplines such as philosophy, economics, political science, sociology, and law, forming a collaborative and innovative interdisciplinary research pattern, aiming to leverage the comparative advantages of each discipline and jointly serve the innovative development of Marxist theory. This collaboration can not only enhance the explanatory power of Marxist theory regarding complex realities but also promote theoretical innovation in related disciplines under the guidance of Marxism, forming a benign interactive situation between the Marxist theory discipline and related disciplines.

马克思主义理论一级学科作为学科体系的“顶梁柱”,承担着统领全局的核心功能。其核心定位在于坚守马克思主义的整体性与科学性，将马克思主义基本原理、立场观点方法作为贯穿始终的“红线”,为各分支学科提供统一的理论指导与价值坐标。一级学科的建构既要聚焦马克思主义理论的本源研究，又要立足当代中国实践。二级学科作为一级学科的“主干分支”,是实现理论细化研究与特色发展的关键层级。目前设立的马克思主义基本原理、马克思主义发展史、马克思主义中国化研究、思想政治教育、国外马克思主义研究、中国近现代史基本问题研究等二级学科，各自承载着差异化的研究使命，共同构成一级学科的“四梁八柱”。二级学科的完善既要巩固既有学科的研究优势，深化各自领域的理论深度，又要根据时代需求动态调整研究方向，使二级学科始终与创新理论和实践发展同频共振。三级学科作为二级学科的“末梢神经”,是实现理论研究精细化、专业化、前沿化的重要支撑。它在二级学科的框架下，聚焦更具体的研究领域与问题，形成“微观切入、深度挖掘”的研究特色。其完善的关键在于遵循“问题导向”,始终保持与二级学科的逻辑衔接，避免因过度细化导致的研究碎片化，同时根据学术前沿与实践需求及时调整研究方向。马克思主义理论学科群以马克思主义理论一级学科为核心，联动哲学、经济学、政治学、社会学、法学等相关学科，形成协同创新的跨学科研究格局，旨在发挥各学科的比较优势，共同服务于马克思主义理论的创新发展。这种协同不仅能增强马克思主义理论对复杂现实的解释力，还能推动相关学科在马克思主义指导下的理论创新，形成马克思主义理论学科与相关学科的良性互动局面。

(II) Construction and Improvement of the Academic System

(二)学术体系建构和完善

The construction and improvement of the academic system of the Marxist theory discipline is the core link in the autonomous development of the discipline, reflected in the profound grasp and creative application of the laws of Marxist theoretical development. Its core lies in advancing research on the systematization, Sinicization, modernization for the times, and popularization of Marxism. Research on the systematization of Marxism requires deepening the holistic exploration of Marxism, sorting out the historical脉络 of Marxist theoretical development, and deeply exploring the internal connections among its standpoints, viewpoints, and methods, aiming to sort out its internal structure, core categories, and logical connections, avoiding fragmented and one-sided theoretical cognition. The key to research on the Sinicization of Marxism lies in deeply integrating the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional Chinese culture, refining theoretical categories with Chinese characteristics, summarizing the original contributions of Chinese practice to Marxist theory, forming iconic concepts and original academic discourse rooted in Chinese soil, grasping the connections between categories, constructing an autonomous knowledge system supported by a category system, and enhancing the Chinese characteristics of the academic system of the Marxist theory discipline. Research on the modernization of Marxism for the times requires Marxism to grasp the pulse of the times, achieve theoretical innovation in answering new questions and responding to new challenges, so that the academic system of the Marxist theory discipline always resonates with the times, capable of both explaining the times and leading the times, avoiding the loss of explanatory power due to theory lagging behind practice. Research on the popularization of Marxism is not only a means of theoretical dissemination but also an important manifestation of the academic system of the Marxist theory discipline being grounded and gathering popular support. Its core lies in transforming profound theories into ideological weapons that the masses can easily understand and are willing to accept, making Marxism not only “knowledge in the study” but also a “tool for transforming the world,” highlighting the practical power of Marxism.

马克思主义理论学科学术体系的建构和完善，是学科自主性发展的核心环节，体现在对马克思主义理论发展规律的深刻性把握与创造性运用上，其核心在于推进马克思主义的体系化、中国化、时代化、大众化研究。马克思主义体系化研究要求深化对马克思主义的整体性探索，梳理马克思主义理论发展的历史脉络，深入探索其立场、观点、方法之间的内在联系，旨在梳理其内在结构、核心范畴与逻辑关联，避免理论认知的碎片化与片面化。马克思主义中国化研究关键在于将马克思主义基本原理与中国具体实际、中华优秀传统文化深度融合，提炼具有中国特色的理论范畴，总结中国实践对马克思主义理论的原创性贡献，形成扎根中国大地的标识性概念和原创性学术话语，把握范畴之间的联系，构建范畴体系支撑的自主知识体系，增强马克思主义理论学科学术体系的中国特色。马克思主义时代化研究要求马克思主义把握时代脉搏，在解答新问题、应对新挑战中实现理论创新，使马克思主义理论学科的学术体系始终与时代同频共振，既能够解释时代，又能够引领时代，避免理论因滞后于实践而失去解释力。马克思主义大众化研究不仅是理论传播的手段，更是马克思主义理论学科的学术体系接地气、聚民心的重要体现，其核心在于将深奥的理论转化为人民群众易于理解、乐于接受的思想武器，使马克思主义不仅是“书斋里的学问”,更是“改造世界的工具”,彰显马克思主义的实践力量。

From the logical construction of systematization to the practical rooting of Sinicization, from the vitality injection of modernization for the times to the value extension of popularization, these together constitute the complete dimensions of the academic system of the Marxist theory discipline. Systematization is the foundation, ensuring the scientific nature and integrity of the theory; Sinicization is the core, endowing the theory with nationality and practicality; modernization for the times is the driving force, maintaining the openness and developmental nature of the theory; popularization is the goal, realizing the mass character and practicality of the theory. The fundamental aim is to form an academic paradigm and academic system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, providing solid theoretical support for the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline.

从体系化的逻辑建构到中国化的实践扎根，从时代化的活力注入大众化的价值延伸，共同构成马克思主义理论学科学术体系的完整维度。体系化是基础，确保理论的科学性与整体性；中国化是核心，赋予理论的民族性与实践性；时代化是动力，保持理论的开放性与发展性；大众化是目标，实现理论的群众性与实践性。根本在于形成具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的学术范式与学术体系，为马克思主义理论学科的高质量发展提供坚实的学理支撑。

(III) Construction and Improvement of the Discourse System

(三)话语体系建构和完善

The construction and improvement of the discourse system of the Marxist theory discipline is a key link in disciplinary development, directly affecting the academic influence, mass appeal, and practical guiding force of Marxist theory. The construction and improvement of the discourse system of the Marxist theory discipline hinge on enhancing the autonomy of that discourse system, breaking the shackles of Western discursive hegemony, and building a discourse system capable of accurately expressing Chinese theory and Chinese practice. First, deepen research on Marxist concepts and the system of concepts, ensuring the rigor and systematicity of Marxist and adapted-Marxist-to-the-Chinese-context-and-the-needs-of-the-times discourse at the theoretical level, and avoiding discursive ambiguity and theoretical misinterpretation caused by conceptual vagueness. On the one hand, trace back to the classic works of Marxism, conducting in-depth excavation of core concepts such as historical materialism, surplus value, and class struggle, clarifying their connotative evolution in different contexts, and restoring the authentic meaning of the concepts; on the other hand, based on contemporary social practice and theoretical development, expand and innovate the system of concepts, such as refining emerging concepts like “digital labor,” “data factors,” and “digital ideology” in connection with the rise of the digital economy. Second, focus on the discursive expression of the achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, especially the construction of the discourse system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, clarifying the internal logic and contemporary direction of the development of Marxist discourse, transforming the Party’s innovative theories into discursive forms that are both political and academic, both ideological and communicable, and enhancing the theoretical guiding force and practical directing force of Marxist discourse in contemporary China. Third, promote the transformation and integration of different discourse types, achieving effective articulation among the precision and rigor of academic discourse, the leading and forward-looking nature of innovative discourse, the authority and normativity of policy discourse, the vividness and vitality of mass discourse, and the flexible interactivity of online discourse.

马克思主义理论学科话语体系的建构和完善，是学科建设的关键环节，直接关系到马克思主义理论的学术影响力、群众感召力与实践引领力。马克思主义理论学科话语体系的建构和完善，关键在于增强马克思主义理论学科话语体系的自主性，打破西方话语霸权的桎梏，构建能够准确表达中国理论、中国实践的话语体系。其一，深化马克思主义概念及概念体系研究，确保马克思主义、中国化时代化马克思主义话语在学理层面的严谨性与系统性，避免因概念模糊导致的话语歧义与理论误读。一方面，回溯马克思主义经典著作，对唯物史观、剩余价值、阶级斗争等核心概念进行深度挖掘，厘清其在不同语境下的内涵演变，还原概念的本真意义；另一方面，基于当代社会实践与理论发展，拓展、创新概念体系，如结合数字经济的兴起，提炼“数字劳动”“数据要素”“数字意识形态”等新兴概念。其二，聚焦马克思主义中国化时代化成果的话语表达，特别是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的话语体系构建，明晰马克思主义话语发展的内在逻辑与时代走向，将党的创新理论转化为兼具政治性与学术性、思想性与传播性的话语形态，增强马克思主义话语在当代中国的理论引领力与实践指导力。其三，推动不同话语类型的转化与融合，实现学术话语的精准严谨、创新话语的引领前瞻、政策话语的权威规范、群众话语的生动鲜活、网络话语的灵活互动之间的有效衔接。

(4) Construction and Improvement of the Textbook System

(四)教材体系建构和完善

The construction and improvement of the textbook system of the Marxist theory discipline is not only a foundational project for disciplinary development but also a strategic task concerning national ideological security and the direction of talent cultivation. Textbooks, as a matter of state authority, always bear the important mission of transmitting mainstream values and shaping a new generation for the era in their compilation and revision; as the crystallization of an autonomous knowledge system, they are even more a concentrated embodiment of the achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Therefore, to advance the construction and improvement of the textbook system of the Marxist theory discipline, it is necessary to adhere to the core principle of independent innovation, and strive to create high-quality textbooks that are original, distinctive, and contemporary, providing a solid vehicle for the inheritance and development of Marxist theory. In terms of the direction of construction, it must always resonate with the national development strategy, integrating the Party’s educational policy and the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education throughout the entire process of textbook construction. From content selection to value orientation, from system design to discursive expression, all must embody the national will and the national spirit. Establish a scientific mechanism for textbook review and management, ensuring the political correctness, theoretical scientificity, and practical guiding force of textbook content. In terms of the principles of construction, it is necessary to adhere to the correct direction, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide, and firmly strengthen confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; embody Chinese characteristics, take root in the Chinese soil, and incorporate the latest achievements of the Party’s theoretical innovation into textbooks; enhance targeting, compile textbooks suitable for students at different educational stages and of different types, and improve the suitability and effectiveness of textbooks; emphasize innovation, and on the basis of adhering to the state’s unified compilation and review, promote changes and innovations in work concepts and methods. In terms of textbook formats, adapt to the learning characteristics of the digital age, develop integrated media textbooks and interactive textbooks, combining text content with audio and video, virtual simulation, etc., to enhance the appeal and effectiveness of textbooks. The autonomous textbook system of the Marxist theory discipline is not a simple compilation of existing knowledge, but through original framework design, viewpoint refinement, and logical organization, it integrates the essence of Marxist theory with the wisdom of Chinese practice and the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture, striving to create innovative textbooks that cultivate a new generation for the era and disseminate an autonomous knowledge system.

马克思主义理论学科教材体系的建构和完善，不仅是学科建设的基础工程，更是关乎国家意识形态安全与人才培养方向的战略任务。教材作为国家事权，其编写与修订始终承载着传递主流价值、塑造时代新人的重要使命；作为自主知识体系的结晶，它更是马克思主义理论中国化时代化成果的集中体现。因此，推进马克思主义理论学科教材体系的建构和完善，必须坚守自主创新的核心原则，着力打造兼具原创性、特色性、时代性的高质量教材，为马克思主义理论的传承与发展提供坚实载体。在建设方向上，必须始终与国家发展战略同频共振，将党的教育方针、立德树人根本任务贯穿教材建设的全过程。从内容选择到价值导向，从体系设计到话语表达，都必须体现国家意志与民族精神。建立科学的教材审核与管理机制，确保教材内容的政治正确性、理论科学性与实践指导性。在建设原则上，必须坚持正确方向，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚定中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信；体现中国特色，扎根中国大地，推进党的理论创新最新成果进教材；增强针对性，编写适应不同学段、不同类型学生的教材，增强教材适宜性实效性；注重创新性，在坚持国家统编统审基础上，推进工作理念和方式方法的变革创新。在教材形式上，适应数字化时代的学习特点，开发融媒体教材、互动式教材，将文字内容与音视频、虚拟仿真等相结合，增强教材的吸引力与实效性。马克思主义理论学科自主性的教材体系，不是对既有知识的简单汇编，而是通过原创性的框架设计、观点提炼、逻辑组织，将马克思主义理论精髓与中国实践智慧、中华优秀传统文化精华融为一体，着力打造培育时代新人、传播自主知识体系的创新教材。

From the structural support of the disciplinary system to the theoretical depth of the academic system, from the communicative bridge of the discourse system to the transmission vehicle of the textbook system, the construction of the four major systems ultimately aims to construct an autonomous knowledge system for the Marxist theory discipline. This autonomous knowledge system is the concentrated embodiment of the autonomy of the Marxist theory discipline — it takes Marxism as its fundamental guide, Chinese practice as its theoretical source, fine traditional Chinese culture as its deep foundation, and the problems of the era as its construction orientation, possessing both the theoretical capacity to explain China and the ideological power to lead the future. Its formation manifests the subjectivity and originality of the Marxist theory discipline, and is the fundamental hallmark and inexhaustible driving force for the high-quality development of the Marxist theory discipline.

从学科体系的结构支撑到学术体系的学理深耕，从话语体系的传播桥梁到教材体系的传承载体，四大体系的建构归根结底是要建构马克思主义理论学科的自主知识体系。这种自主知识体系是马克思主义理论学科自主性的集中体现——它以马克思主义为根本指导，以中国实践为理论源泉，以中华优秀传统文化为深厚根基，以时代问题为构建导向，既具备解释中国的理论能力，又拥有引领未来的思想伟力。它的形成，彰显了马克思主义理论学科的主体性与原创性，是马克思主义理论学科高质量发展的根本标志与不竭动力。