The Global Development Initiative from the Perspective of World China Studies: Motivations, Impacts, and Prospects

Currently, the pace of world economic recovery remains persistently weak, with increasing instability and insecurity factors causing widespread shocks to the global economic system, severely eroding years of development achievements, further widening the North-South development imbalance gap, and exacerbating the global development deficit. At the same time, the implementation process of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has encountered obstacles, the global poverty reduction process has suffered a reversal, and developing countries face enormous pressure in the field of poverty reduction. Global issues such as food security, climate change, and responses to infectious diseases have become development challenges that all of humanity urgently needs to address. Against this backdrop, on September 21, 2021, Chinese President Xi Jinping, while attending the general debate of the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly, first proposed the Global Development Initiative, advocating that countries around the world adhere to development as a priority, remain people-centered, uphold inclusiveness and shared benefits, be innovation-driven, maintain harmony between humanity and nature, and be action-oriented. Once proposed, the Global Development Initiative received enthusiastic responses from the international community, attracting widespread attention from politicians, think tanks, media, and scholars around the world.

当前世界经济复苏步伐持续疲软，面临的不稳定性、不安全因素增多，对全球经济体系造成了广泛冲击，严重侵蚀了多年来的发展成果，进一步扩大了南北发展不平衡的鸿沟，加剧了全球发展赤字。与此同时，联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》的落实进程受阻，全球减贫进程遭遇逆转，发展中国家在减贫领域面临巨大压力。粮食安全、气候变化、传染病应对等全球性问题，成为全人类亟需解决的发展课题。在此背景下，2021年9月21日，中国国家主席习近平在出席第七十六届联合国大会一般性辩论时首次提出了全球发展倡议，倡导世界各国坚持发展优先、坚持以人民为中心、坚持普惠包容、坚持创新驱动、坚持人与自然和谐共生、坚持行动导向。全球发展倡议一经提出，就在国际社会上反响热烈，引发了世界各国政要、智库、媒体、学者的广泛关注。

In domestic academia, the Global Development Initiative is also one of the current hot topics of research. Overall, existing research mainly focuses on interpreting the Global Development Initiative from China’s own perspective, based on the disciplinary backgrounds and research emphases of different scholars, while research and analysis from an overseas perspective on the perception of the Global Development Initiative are relatively insufficient. Domestically, only a few articles have reviewed the international responses and perceptions of the Global Development Initiative, but there is still room for improvement in the use of primary sources and the depth of research. It can be said that the research on the Global Development Initiative still needs further expansion, deepening, and breakthroughs in terms of perspectives and fields of inquiry, especially the overall situation of international responses and dissemination over the more than three years since the initiative was proposed. Given this, this article intends to proceed from the perspective of world China studies, based on researching the international community’s understanding of the reasons, impacts, and prospects for China’s proposal of the Global Development Initiative, to deeply analyze the “mirror image of the other” of the Global Development Initiative, providing academic support for promoting the further implementation of the Global Development Initiative and building a more inclusive system for external discourse dissemination.

在国内学界，全球发展倡议也是当前研究的热点议题之一。从总体来看，既有研究主要侧重从中国自身角度出发，基于不同学者的学科背景和研究侧重点对全球发展倡议予以阐释，从海外视角对全球发展倡议认知的研究和分析则显得较为不足。国内仅有少量文章对全球发展倡议的国际回应与认知情况进行述评，但在一手资料的运用和研究深度上仍有可以提升的空间。可以说，对全球发展倡议的研究在视角、论域等方面仍需进一步拓展、深化和突破，特别是对全球发展倡议提出三年多来国际社会回应与传播的整体态势研究仍不够充分。鉴于此，本文拟从世界中国学的视角，在研究国际社会对中国提出全球发展倡议的原因、影响和前景的基础上，深入剖析全球发展倡议的“他者镜像”,为推动全球发展倡议的进一步实施以及构建更具包容性的对外话语传播体系提供学理支撑。

I. Adaptation and Shaping: The International Community’s Judgment on the Motivations for Implementing the Global Development Initiative

一、适应与塑造：国际社会对全球发展倡议实施动因的判断

Why China in the New Era proposed the Global Development Initiative is the first issue considered by various sectors of the international community when responding to the Global Development Initiative. Based on the materials the author has obtained, the international community mainly analyzes the motivations for implementing the Global Development Initiative from economic, political, diplomatic, and geopolitical aspects, forming three basic judgments.

新时代中国缘何提出全球发展倡议，这是国际社会各界对全球发展倡议作出回应时首先考虑的议题。根据笔者掌握的资料，国际社会主要从经济、政治、外交、地缘政治等方面对全球发展倡议的实施动因进行分析，并形成了三种基本判断。

(A) Responding to International and Domestic Development Challenges

(一)应对国际国内发展挑战

Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global development challenges, the Global Development Initiative is widely regarded by the international community as a strategic measure taken by China under the dual development challenges of internal and external factors, through which China seeks to achieve two purposes.

在全球性发展挑战日益严峻的背景下，全球发展倡议被国际社会普遍视为中国在内部和外部双重发展挑战背景下作出的战略举措，中国欲通过倡议实现两方面的目的。

First, resolving its own development contradictions and injecting a “shot in the arm” for achieving strategic transformation.

第一，解决自身发展矛盾，为实现战略转型注入“强心剂”。

Anthea Mulakala, Senior Director of the Asia Foundation, a non-profit international development organization, pointed out in her research that the Global Development Initiative provides a framework for China’s existing and new development cooperation, achieving coordinated resolution of China’s internal issues through coordination and overall planning. Hoang Thi Ha of the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore believes that the Global Development Initiative is a strategic measure for China to address the current supply-demand imbalance in its economic transformation, by matching its own financial, technological, and human resource supply with the economic and development needs of recipient countries, while simultaneously exporting China’s surplus capacity in infrastructure construction, aiming to resolve development contradictions such as overcapacity.

非营利性国际发展组织——亚洲基金会高级总监安西娅·穆拉卡拉(Anthea Mulakala)在其研究中指出，全球发展倡议为中国现有的和新的发展合作提供了框架，通过协调统筹，来实现中国内部问题的协调解决。新加坡尤索夫·伊萨东南亚研究所(ISEAS)黄世霞(Hoang Thi Ha)认为，全球发展倡议是中国解决当前经济转型中供需失衡的一种战略举措，通过将自身的财政、技术和人力资源供应与受援国的经济和发展需求相匹配，同时输出中国基础设施建设的能力盈余，以期解决产能过剩等发展矛盾。

Second, responding to current global development issues and bringing a “timely rain” for win-win cooperation.

第二，应对当前全球发展问题，为合作共赢带来“及时雨”。

Overseas individuals believe that current multiple global challenges pose serious threats to the development of all countries, yet the international community lacks effective international cooperation and multilateral mechanisms. Therefore, the proposal of the Global Development Initiative is an important attempt to address this issue. Rebecca Ivey, Chief Representative of the World Economic Forum in Greater China, stated, “The Global Development Initiative is China’s proposition and initiative to solve global development issues, a timely call against those factors that may hinder the realization of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.” Pakistani scholar Shakeel Ahmad Ramay wrote that at a time when the world urgently needs a fairer and more just cooperation and development framework to solve global problems, the Global Development Initiative emerged as the times required and will also contribute to overcoming world challenges.

海外人士认为，当前多重全球性挑战对各国发展造成严重威胁，然而国际社会却缺乏有效的国际合作与多边主义机制，因此全球发展倡议的提出是解决这一问题的重要尝试。世界经济论坛大中华区首席代表艾瑞碧(Rebecca Ivey)表示，“全球发展倡议是解决全球发展问题的中国主张和倡议，是对抗那些可能阻碍联合国可持续发展目标实现进程的一次适时号召”。巴基斯坦学者沙基尔·拉迈(Shakeel Ahmad Ramay)撰文指出，在当今世界迫切需要更加公平公正的合作和发展框架来解决全球问题时，全球发展倡议应运而生，也将为克服世界性挑战作出贡献。

(B) Expanding Its Own International Influence

(二)扩大自身国际影响力

Besides responding to internal and external challenges, the international community believes that planning a diplomatic layout is also an important reason for China’s proposal of the Global Development Initiative, intending to achieve three major goals.

除了应对内外部挑战之外，国际社会认为，谋划外交布局也是中国提出全球发展倡议的重要原因，并意欲实现三大目标。

First, enhancing China’s voice in the United Nations.

第一，提升中国在联合国中的话语权。

Research by the AidData lab at the College of William & Mary in the United States on the relationship between the voting behavior of member states of the “Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative” in the UN General Assembly and their debt to China shows that an increase in China’s loans to member states of the “Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative” is positively correlated with these countries’ support rate for China in UN votes [1]1 The “Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative” is a group of countries that support the Global Development Initiative, established at the United Nations in 2022 to promote cooperation on development issues.. Based on this, it is considered that the Global Development Initiative is one of the means for China to expand its influence in the United Nations. Courtney Fung of the Lowy Institute in Australia further pointed out that the Global Development Initiative can enable China to establish closer relations with recipient countries, strengthen its own policy propositions within the UN framework, and allow China’s voice to gain broader recognition on multilateral platforms.

美国威廉·玛丽学院的“援助数据”(AidData)实验室对“全球发展倡议之友小组”成员国在联合国大会投票行为与对华债务之间关系的研究显示，中国对“全球发展倡议之友小组”成员国贷款额的增加与这些国家在联合国对中国投票支持率呈正相关,并据此认为，全球发展倡议是中国扩大其在联合国影响力的手段之一。澳大利亚洛伊研究所(Lowy Institute)冯康云(Courtney Fung)进一步指出，全球发展倡议能使中国与受援国建立更加紧密的关系，在联合国框架内强化自身的政策主张，使中国的声音在多边平台上获得更广泛的认同。

Second, increasing China’s influence among Global South countries.

第二，提高中国在全球南方国家中的影响力。

Some overseas individuals believe that the Global Development Initiative reflects China’s strategic intentions in global governance, that is, the initiative is a means to serve China’s interests and a method to promote its own rules and practices. Research by the Atlantic Council in the United States states, “With the help of the Global Development Initiative, China in the New Era not only intends to expand its scope of activities in the Global South but also supports the Chinese government’s pursuit of broader influence in a strategic way, because the development approach China provides represents an alternative to the Western model.”

部分海外人士认为全球发展倡议反映了中国在全球治理方面的战略意图，即倡议是服务于中国利益的手段和推广自身规则与实践的方法。美国大西洋理事会(Atlantic Council)的研究称，“借助全球发展倡议，新时代中国不仅意在扩大其在全球南方地区的活动范围，还在以一种战略方式来支持中国政府追求更广泛的影响力，因为中国所提供的发展方式代表了西方模式之外的另一种选择”。

Third, a strategy to counter the strategies of the United States and its allies towards China.

第三，应对美国及其盟友对华战略的策略。

British scholar James Kynge believes that the Global Development Initiative is the cornerstone of China’s blueprint for establishing an alternative world order, conveying dissatisfaction with the world order dominated by Western countries led by the United States. Hoang Thi Ha also believes that China uses this initiative to express its differing views on the US approach of prioritizing security issues while neglecting development. By adopting a pragmatic development cooperation approach, China actively responds to the needs and concerns of developing countries, countering the hegemony of the United States and its Western allies in the global governance structure, in order to gain broader recognition on the world stage.

英国学者詹姆斯·金格(James Kynge)认为全球发展倡议是中国建立另一种世界秩序蓝图的基石，传达了对以美国为首的西方国家主导的世界秩序的不满。黄世霞也认为，中国利用这一倡议表达了对美国侧重安全议题而忽视发展这一做法的不同意见。中国以注重实效的发展合作方式，积极回应发展中国家的需求与关切，应对美国及其西方盟友在全球治理结构中的霸权，以在全球舞台上获得更为广泛的认同。

(C) Leading the Reshaping of the International Order

(三)引领国际秩序重塑

With the rise of more Global South countries, the call for changing existing international rules and seeking to build a fairer and more reasonable international order is growing louder. Therefore, an increasing number of views in the international community believe that the Global Development Initiative is an important measure for China to lead the transformation of the international order, forming three types of views and perceptions.

随着更多全球南方国家的崛起，要求改变现行国际规则和谋求构建更加公平合理国际秩序的呼声也愈发高涨。因此，国际社会中越来越多的观点认为，全球发展倡议是中国引领国际秩序转型的重要举措，并形成了三类观点和认知。

One view holds that the Global Development Initiative is intended to elevate the status of developing countries in the international community. Joseph Lemoine of the Atlantic Council and others have stated that by leading the dialogue on global governance, the Global Development Initiative not only makes China a pacesetter in promoting a multipolar world but also gives smaller countries a greater voice. Pakistani scholar Siham Javid argues that “the Global Development Initiative represents a reshaping of the existing world order centered on U.S. hegemony.” Thus, the international community generally believes that, driven by the Global Development Initiative, the discourse power and international participation of developing countries will be further enhanced, and they will occupy a more important position in the world pattern, thereby advancing multipolarity and the renovation of the international order.

一种观点认为，全球发展倡议意在提升发展中国家在国际社会中的地位。大西洋理事会约瑟夫·勒莫万(Joseph Lemoine)等表示，全球发展倡议通过引领有关全球治理的对话，不仅让中国成为推动世界多极化的领头羊，也让小国拥有了更大的发言权。巴基斯坦学者西哈姆·贾维德(Siham Javid)认为，“全球发展倡议代表了对现有以美国霸权为核心的世界秩序的再塑”。由此可见，国际社会普遍认为在全球发展倡议的推动下，发展中国家的话语权和国际参与度将进一步提升，并在世界格局中占有更加重要的位置，进而推动世界多极化和国际秩序的革新。

Another view claims that China’s proposal of the Global Development Initiative stems from a strategic calculation to engage in geopolitical competition. A considerable number of actors, represented by the United States and the European Union, based on their own interests, believe that China intends to use the Global Development Initiative to compete with them. The *U.S. Strategy Toward Sub-Saharan Africa* report states that the United States has defined China’s activities in sub-Saharan Africa as “order-subverting activities” and regards China as a competitor. A research report issued by the European Parliament’s Committee on Foreign Affairs argues that China and the EU are showing increasing competition on the global stage, reflected not only in interactions within international organizations such as the United Nations but also in the discourse on choices of modernization development paths. These views from U.S. and European political and academic circles warrant China’s vigilance.

另一种观点则宣称，中国提出全球发展倡议是出于进行地缘政治博弈的战略考量。以美国、欧盟为代表的相当一部分行为体基于自身利益，认为中国欲利用全球发展倡议与其开展博弈。《美国撒哈拉以南非洲战略报告》称，美国已将中国在撒哈拉以南非洲的活动界定为一种“秩序颠覆性的活动”,并将中国视为竞争对手。欧洲议会对外事务委员会发布的研究报告认为，中国与欧盟在全球舞台上呈现出日渐增加的竞争态势，这不仅体现在联合国等国际组织框架内的互动上，而且呈现在有关现代化发展路径选择的话语上。美欧政界和学界的上述观点值得中国警惕。

In addition, some foreign scholars believe that the Global Development Initiative is intended to promote the just and rational development of the international order. Professor Jean Claude Maswana of Ritsumeikan University in Japan states that China, by integrating the Global Development Initiative with the Sustainable Development Goals under the UN framework, is not only gradually building a new international order system through a “project-linkage” incremental model but also avoiding direct confrontation with major world powers in a peaceful manner. Professor Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim of the University of Abuja in Nigeria argues that China is using multilateral cooperation mechanisms to enhance the discourse power of emerging economies in global governance and to steer the process of economic globalization toward a more just and inclusive direction.

此外，还有国外学者认为，全球发展倡议是为了促进国际秩序公正合理化发展。日本立命馆大学简·马斯瓦纳(Jean Claude Maswana)教授表示，中国将全球发展倡议与联合国框架下的可持续发展目标结合，不仅以“项目-联动”的渐进模式逐步构建起新的国际秩序体系，还以和平的方式避免了与世界主要大国产生直接对抗。尼日利亚阿布贾大学谢里夫(Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim)教授认为，中国正在利用多边合作机制增强新兴经济体在全球治理中的话语权，推动经济全球化进程向更加公正包容的方向转变。

II. Transcendence and Leadership: International Assessments of the Global Development Initiative’s Global Impact

二、超越与引领：国际社会对全球发展倡议国际影响的评估

As a solution proposed by China in the New Era to address global development challenges, the Global Development Initiative has attracted high attention and ongoing heated discussion from the international community. Various sectors of the international community have conducted relatively comprehensive analyses and assessments of the initiative’s impact from three levels—national, regional, and global—and three dimensions—world development, experience sharing, and breaking monopolies.

作为新时代中国为应对全球发展挑战所提出的解决方案，全球发展倡议受到国际社会的高度关注和持续热议。国际社会各界从本国、区域及全球三个层面以及世界发展、经验共享和突破垄断三个维度对该倡议的影响进行了较为全面的分析和评估。

(1) Promoting the Resolution of Global Development Issues

(一)推动了全球发展问题的解决

Faced with the increasingly prominent global development deficit, the proposal of the Global Development Initiative has brought new solutions. Therefore, various sectors of the international community, including foreign political figures and scholars, believe that the initiative’s role in promoting global development at present cannot be ignored, and this is specifically reflected in two aspects.

面对日渐凸显的全球发展赤字，全球发展倡议的提出带来了新的解决方案。因此，包括国外政要、学者等在内的国际社会各界认为，当前该倡议在推动全球发展方面的作用是不容忽视的，并具体体现在两个方面。

First, it is conducive to promoting the realization of the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Looking at the eight key areas of the Global Development Initiative, they are highly consistent with the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the actual needs of countries around the world. Carlos Watson, FAO Representative in China, highly praised the practical significance of the Global Development Initiative for global development, calling it an accelerator for achieving the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Agenda and the first initiative primarily aimed at accelerating the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals. Robert L. Kuhn, Chairman of the Kuhn Foundation in the United States, pointed out that the Global Development Initiative is highly aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and solving these problems can be described as “benefiting the present generation and bringing benefits for a thousand years to come.” [2]2 The "Washington Consensus" refers to a set of ten economic policy prescriptions promoted by Washington-based institutions (the IMF, World Bank, and US Treasury) in the late 20th century, emphasizing fiscal discipline, privatization, and trade liberalization, widely applied in Latin America and post-Soviet states.

第一，有利于推动实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标。从全球发展倡议的八大重点领域来看，其与联合国2030年可持续发展目标以及世界各国的现实需求高度一致。联合国粮农组织驻华代表卡洛斯·沃森(Carlos Watson)高度评价全球发展倡议在全球发展方面产生的实际意义，认为它是实现2030年联合国可持续发展议程的加速器，也是第一个以加速实现可持续发展目标为主要目标的倡议。美国库恩基金会主席罗伯特·库恩(Robert L. Kuhn)指出，全球发展倡议与联合国的可持续性发展目标高度契合，而这些问题的解决可谓“功在当代，利在千秋”。

Second, the Global Development Initiative provides an unprecedented opportunity and platform for uniting countries to jointly address development issues. Suos Yara, a member of the Central Committee of the Cambodian People’s Party, stated that the Global Development Initiative will become an important cooperation platform for China and developing countries to advance their fundamental and core interests. Saudi scholar Fahd Almenei also believes that “the Global Development Initiative is a re-mobilization of world development cooperation and a reaffirmation of the people-centered concept.” Wilmot Reeves, Deputy Minister of Commerce and Industry of Liberia, similarly believes that the Global Development Initiative provides a strong policy framework for countries to achieve their development goals.

第二，全球发展倡议为团结各国一道解决发展问题提供了前所未有的机遇和平台。柬埔寨人民党中央委员索斯亚拉(Suos Yara)表示，全球发展倡议将成为中国与发展中国家推进根本利益和核心利益的重要合作平台。沙特阿拉伯学者法赫德·阿尔梅尼(Fahd Almenei)也认为，“全球发展倡议是对世界发展合作的再动员，也是对以人为本理念的重申”。利比里亚商业和工业部副部长威尔莫特·里夫斯(Wilmot Reeves)同样认为，全球发展倡议为各国实现发展目标提供了强有力的政策框架。

(2) Providing Chinese Experience and Chinese Solutions for World Development

(二)为世界发展提供了中国经验和中国方案

One reason the Global Development Initiative sparked heated discussion as soon as it was proposed is that it offers countries around the world a new choice for achieving modernization different from the existing models of developed Western countries.

全球发展倡议一经提出就受到热议的原因之一，在于其为世界各国提供了不同于既有西方发达国家实现现代化的新选择。

First, the Global Development Initiative provides development experiences and paths that countries around the world can draw upon.

第一，全球发展倡议为世界各国提供了可供借鉴的发展经验和道路。

Selcuk Colakoglu, Director of the Turkish Asia-Pacific Research Center, stated that China has achieved tremendous success in economic development and accumulated rich experience in national development. The Global Development Initiative is a reflection of China’s successful experiences and methods, and the Chinese government is eager to share China’s practices with other economies, especially Global South countries. Benjamin Norton, founder of the U.S. *Geopolitical Economy Report*, also believes that the Global Development Initiative is a way for China to share experiences with other developing countries. Based on the concepts of win-win cooperation and mutually beneficial development, China achieves development through cooperation and peace, which is an important model that other countries can emulate.

土耳其亚太研究中心主任科拉科格鲁(Selcuk Colakoglu)表示，中国在经济发展方面取得了巨大的成功，在国家发展方面积累了丰富的经验，全球发展倡议是中国成功经验和方法的反映，中国政府正渴望与其他经济体，特别是全球南方国家分享中国的做法。美国《地缘经济报告》创始人贲杰民(Benjamin Norton)也认为，全球发展倡议是中国与其他发展中国家分享经验的一种方式，中国基于合作共赢、互利发展的理念，通过合作与和平实现发展，这是其他国家可以效仿的重要模式。

Second, the Global Development Initiative provides stable and reliable impetus support for late-developing countries.

第二，全球发展倡议为后发国家提供了稳定可靠的动力支持。

Public projects of the International Labour Organization show that, under the framework of the Global Development Initiative, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of China is gradually strengthening South-South cooperation with ASEAN in employment, focusing on promoting knowledge sharing, experience exchange, and capacity development through South-South and triangular cooperation, helping Southeast Asian countries address the problems of economic growth stagnation and insufficient capacity for sustainable and inclusive development caused by employment deficits. Robert Kuhn also pointed out that, with its expertise and practical experience, China provides long-term support to developing countries in

国际劳工组织公开的项目显示，在全球发展倡议的框架下，中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部正逐步加强和东盟就业方面的南南合作，其重点在于通过南南合作和三方合作促进知识共享、经验交流和能力发展，帮助东南亚国家解决由就业赤字问题导致的经济增长阻滞和可持续、包容性发展的能力不足问 题。罗伯特·库恩也指出，中国凭借其专业知识与实践经验向发展中国家的医疗卫生、教育设施及工业化基础建设等关键发展领域提供长期支持，使后发国家都能从全球发展倡议中显著受益，特别是在支持非洲国家建立完备的工业体系方面，全球发展倡议的支撑作用尤为突出。

(3) Breaking the Western monopoly on the narrative discourse of development

(三)打破了西方关于发展的叙事话语垄断

For a long time, the development models, economic theories, and political systems of Western countries have held discursive hegemony on a global scale. A series of policy measures based on Western experience, such as the "Washington Consensus," have been widely applied to guide the economic transformation and development practices of developing countries, forming a discursive system known as the "Western development model." The Global Development Initiative is built upon China's independent exploration of its own development path. The historic achievements of China's development and construction in the New Era have also become the best golden signboard for the Global Development Initiative, providing a new perspective for countries around the world that have different development characteristics and unique national conditions, thereby breaking through the "unitary modernization model" that holds a monopoly within the Western-centered "unitary discursive world."

长期以来，西方国家的发展模式、经济理论和政治制度在全球范围内掌握话语霸权，“华盛顿共识”等基于西方经验提出的一系列政策措施被广泛应用于指导发展中国家的经济转型与发展实践之中，形成了所谓“西方发展模式”的话语体系。全球发展倡议建立在中国自主探索发展道路的基础之上，新时代中国发展建设取得的历史性成就也成为全球发展倡议最好的金字招牌，为具有发展差异性和国情特殊性的世界各国提供了全新视角，突破了在以西方为中心的“一元话语世界”中占据垄断地位的“一元现代化模式”。

First, the Global Development Initiative, through its transcendence, exposes the discursive failure of Western countries on development issues. Paul Haenle and Nathaniel Sher of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace write that, unlike the “Washington Consensus,” which historically sought to promote trade, financial liberalization, and free-market capitalism to achieve economic development, China emphasizes the centrality of state intervention, social stability, and security to economic development. Zenel Garcia of the U.S. Army War College argues that the “Three Global Initiatives”[3]3 The "Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative" is a multilateral platform established at the United Nations in 2021 to support the implementation of the Global Development Initiative. represent China’s critique of Western liberal “universal values” and the role they play in the international order, aiming to provide discursive space for diverse choices in global development by acknowledging that all countries have multiple and different political and economic development trajectories.

第一，全球发展倡议以其超越性，揭露了西方国家在发展议题上的话语失灵。卡内基国际和平基金会韩磊(Paul Haenle)和沈宁天(Nathaniel Sher)撰文指出，与历史上寻求促进贸易、金融自由化和自由市场资本主义以实现经济发展的“华盛顿共识”不同，中国强调国家干预、社会稳定和安全对经济发展的中心地位。美国陆军战争学院泽内尔·加西亚(Zenel Garcia)认为，“三大全球倡议”代表了中国对西方自由主义“普世价值”观及其在国际秩序中所扮演角色的批判，其旨在通过承认所有国家具有多种不同的政治和经济发展轨迹，为全球发展的多元化选择提供话语空间。

Second, the Global Development Initiative, through its innovativeness, leads a new paradigm of global development. Jean Paul Vargas of the University of Costa Rica points out that the Global Development Initiative is an important global public good provided by China to the international community. Based on shared values such as respect, tolerance, dialogue, and harmony, this initiative offers countries around the world, especially Global South countries, a perspective different from the Western development model and its path, opening up the possibility of exploring new types of decolonized international cooperation in a multipolar world order, marking a pioneering attempt in the field of global governance. Pakistani scholar Siham Javed’s research argues that the Global Development Initiative is a new plan and new reference for humanity to achieve modernization development. China is providing a development paradigm based on common prosperity, peaceful development, and cooperation, distinct from the West, which has been welcomed by countries from different regions including South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific Island states.

第二，全球发展倡议以其创新性，引领了全球发展的新范式。哥斯达黎加大学简·巴尔加斯(Jean Paul Vargas)指出，全球发展倡议是中国向国际社会提供的一项重要全球公共产品，该倡议基于尊重、宽容、对话以及和谐等共有价值观，为世界各国特别是全球南方国家提供了一种不同于西方发展模式及其道路的选择视角，开辟了在多极化世界格局下探索新型去殖民化国际合作的可能性，标志着在全球治理领域一次具有开创性的尝试。巴基斯坦学者西哈姆·贾维德研究认为，全球发展倡议是人类实现现代化发展的一种新方案和新借鉴，中国正在提供一种基于共同繁荣、和平发展与合作且区别于西方的发展范式，受到了来自南亚、东南亚、非洲、中东和太平洋岛国等不同地区的国家的欢迎。

III. Cooperation and Competition: The International Community’s Outlook on the Prospects of the Global Development Initiative

三、合作与竞争：国际社会对全球发展倡议前景的展望

Since its proposal in September 2021, the Global Development Initiative has received positive responses from over 100 countries and international organizations, and has been praised by many internationally renowned figures and important media outlets, becoming an international consensus with global influence. Therefore, various sectors of the international community generally hold a relatively optimistic view of the future prospects of the Global Development Initiative, and, based on the internal and external challenges and development potential it faces, look ahead to the development prospects of China’s Global Development Initiative.

全球发展倡议自2021年9月提出以来，已得到全球100多个国家、国际组织的积极响应，并获众多国际知名人士和重要媒体的赞誉，正在成为具有全球影响力的国际共识。因此，国际社会各界对全球发展倡议的未来前景总体持比较乐观的态度，并从其所面临的内外挑战和发展潜力出发，展望中国全球发展倡议的发展前景。

(I) How China addresses the challenges and problems faced in

(一)中国如何解决全球发展倡议实施所面临的挑战和问题将直接影响该倡议的未来发展

The Global Development Initiative provides new ideas for addressing the uncertainties in current world economic development and reducing the global development deficit. The results achieved since the initiative was launched over three years ago are evident. However, from the perspective of various sectors of the international community, the future implementation of the Global Development Initiative still faces challenges and issues that need to be addressed and resolved.

全球发展倡议为应对当前世界经济发展的不确定性和降低全球发展赤字提供了新思路，该倡议落地三年多以来所取得的成效明显，但是在国际社会各界看来，全球发展倡议的未来实施仍有挑战和问题需要应对和解决。

First, the specific content and operational mechanisms of the Global Development Initiative remain insufficiently clear. For example, Mary Gallagher of the University of Notre Dame's Keough School of Global Affairs believes that although the Global Development Initiative advocates inclusive growth, it lacks a detailed plan on how to achieve this goal. Scholars such as Fikayo Akeredolu from the United States also point out that the Global Development Initiative remains somewhat broad and idealistic, lacking clear fiscal targets, priority countries or regions, sectoral themes, and other content. It still needs to further transform "vision" into action.

第一，全球发展倡议的具体内容和运行机制尚不够明确。譬如美国圣母大学全球事务学院高敏(Mary Gallagher)认为，虽然全球发展倡议倡导包容性增长，但是却缺乏关于如何实现该目标的详细计划。美国菲卡尤·阿克雷多卢(Fikayo Akeredolu)等学者也指出，全球发展倡议仍稍显宽泛和理想化，缺乏明确的财政目标、优先国家或地区、部门主题等内容，还需进一步将“愿景”转变为行动。

Second, the pressure from China's domestic development may create certain obstacles to the implementation of the Global Development Initiative. Gallagher points out that the increasing uncertainty in current world economic development has also placed certain pressure on China's economic growth. Coupled with unresolved issues such as the wealth gap and structural imbalances, these factors may to some extent constrain the execution of the Global Development Initiative and the display of its international influence.

第二，中国国内发展的压力可能会对全球发展倡议的落实产生一定的阻力。高敏指出，当前世界经济发展的不确定性增加，中国经济发展因此也面临一定的压力，加上正在解决但尚未解决的贫富差距、结构不均衡等问题，这都可能一定程度上制约全球发展倡议的执行和国际影响力的展现。

Third, the relationship between the Global Development Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative still needs further clarification. Since the Global Development Initiative was proposed, the international community has compared it with the Belt and Road Initiative in terms of connotation, objectives, and nature, forming basic judgments such as the "parallel theory," "substitution theory," and "complementarity theory." Zoe Johnson, Senior Policy Director of a global development strategy consulting firm, and others point out that the status of the Global Development Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative in China's foreign relations in the New Era and their mutual relationship remain unclear, which will to some extent affect the functioning of the Global Development Initiative. It can be seen that there are still ambiguities in the international community's understanding of the relationship between the Global Development Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative, requiring us to provide a more detailed explanation of their relationship.

第三，全球发展倡议和“一带一路”倡议之间的关系尚需进一步明确。全球发展倡议提出以来，国际社会从内涵、目标、性质等层面将其与“一带一路”倡议进行对比，形成了“平行论”“替代论”“补充论”等基本判断。全球发展战略咨询公司高级政策主管佐伊·约翰逊(Zoe Johnson)等指出，全球发展倡议和“一带一路”倡议在新时代中国对外关系中的地位及彼此的关系仍不够清晰，这将会在一定程度上对全球发展倡议作用的发挥产生影响。由此可见，国际社会对全球发展倡议和“一带一路”倡议的关系的认识还存在模糊之处，需要我们对两者的关系作出更加详细的阐明。

(II) External environment and international situation create certain resistance and adverse effects on the effectiveness of the Global Development Initiative

(二)外部环境和国际形势对全球发展倡议的成效产生一定的阻力和不利影响

From the perspective of the international community, the world today is undergoing rapid changes, and four factors that affect the future development of the Global Development Initiative cannot be ignored.

在国际社会看来，当今世界风云变化，四个方面的因素对全球发展倡议未来发展的影响不容忽视。

First, the uncertainty of global economic recovery. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economy has faced a major crisis. Australian scholar Mercedes Page's research shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has severely damaged the development achievements accumulated globally over many years, leading to the first regression in the elimination of extreme poverty worldwide since the 21st century. Jorge Heine of Boston University points out that in the post-pandemic era, the intensification of extreme poverty and resource shortages globally, intertwined with issues such as geopolitical conflicts, has brought significant challenges to the advancement and implementation of the Global Development Initiative. Yunnan Chen of the Overseas Development Institute in the United Kingdom points out that with the rise in global interest rates, capital flows are unlikely to return to their original levels in the short term, further exacerbating the financing pressure on various projects under the Global Development Initiative. It can be seen that in the post-pandemic era, the Global Development Initiative still faces considerable pressure in addressing the global economic crisis and promoting global economic recovery, which in turn affects the implementation of the specific agenda of the Global Development Initiative.

第一，全球经济复苏的不确定性。自新冠疫情暴发以来，全球经济面临巨大危机。澳大利亚学者梅赛德斯·佩奇(Mercedes Page)研究称，新冠疫情导致全球范围内多年累积的发展成果遭受重创，全球在消除极端贫困上出现了自21世纪以来的首次倒退现象。波士顿大学贺乔治(Jorge Heine)指出，后疫情时代下，世界极端贫困加剧、资源短缺，与地缘冲突等问题交织，为全球发展倡议的推进落实带来了较大挑战。英国海外发展研究所陈运南(Yunnan Chen)指出，随着全球利率的上升，资本流动短期内很难恢复到原有水平，进一步加剧了全球发展倡议下各类项目的融资压力。由此可见，在后疫情时代，全球发展倡议在应对全球经济危机、促进全球经济复苏方面仍面临着不小的压力，这反过来也会影响全球发展倡议具体议程的落地。

Second, foreign public opinion and geopolitical factors have led some countries to still have certain doubts and concerns about the Global Development Initiative. For example, taking Indonesia as an example, Indonesia has officially joined the "Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative," but its actual level of participation and depth of cooperation remain insufficient. At the same time, influenced by the United States' "Indo-Pacific Strategy" and the South China Sea disputes, Indonesia has expressed certain concerns about the sustainability and debt issues of the Global Development Initiative. SD Pradhan, Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee of India, believes that the emergence of the Global Development Initiative and the Global Security Initiative may be a response to US-led security alliances including the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, and therefore India must carefully assess the potential impact of the initiatives on India's security and interests in the future. These doubts and concerns about the Global Development Initiative require China to respond to and address in a timely manner.

第二，国外舆论和地缘政治因素使得部分国家对全球发展倡议仍存在一定的疑虑和担忧。譬如，以印度尼西亚为例，印尼已正式加入“全球发展倡议之友小组”,但其实际参与度和合作深度仍显不足。与此同时，受美国推行“印太战略”、南海争端等影响，印度尼西亚对全球发展倡议的可持续能力和债务问题表示出一定的担忧。印度联合情报委员会主席普拉丹(SD Pradhan)认为，全球发展倡议及全球安全倡议概念的出场可能是对包括四方安全对话在内的美国主导的安全联盟的回应，因此印度须审慎评估倡议未来对印安全及利益的潜在影响。这些对全球发展倡议的怀疑和担忧都需要中国及时回应和排解。

Third, potential competition between the development plans of other countries and international organizations and the Global Development Initiative. Some Western countries and blocs believe that the Global Development Initiative will pose a threat to their own interests in the future. For example, Yunnan Chen states that the Global Development Initiative may compete with the development assistance funds of traditional EU donor countries such as the United Kingdom and Sweden for the Global South, leading to a certain degree of reduction in the latter's aid, thereby damaging their influence and credibility among partner countries in the South. Sarah F. Cliffe of New York University and others, after comparing the development trajectories of the Group of Seven's relevant initiatives and the Global Development Initiative, point out that the Group of Seven has regarded China's proposal of the Global Development Initiative as a geopolitical challenge and will continuously propose alternative international cooperation frameworks as a response strategy.

第三，其他国家和国际组织的发展规划与全球发展倡议之间的潜在竞争。部分西方国家和集团认为，全球发展倡议未来将对自身利益造成威胁。譬如陈运南表示，全球发展倡议可能会与英国、瑞典等传统欧盟捐助国对全球南方的发展援助资金产生竞争，导致后者一定程度削减援助，进而损害他们在南方伙伴国家中的影响力及信誉度。纽约大学萨拉·克利夫(Sarah F. Cliffe)等在对比七国集团相关倡议和全球发展倡议的发展动线后指出，七国集团已将中国提出全球发展倡议视为一种地缘政治上的挑战，并将不断通过提出替代性国际合作框架作为回应策略。

(III) The development potential inherent in the Global Development Initiative will enable it to gain more international support and global influence

(三)全球发展倡议蕴含的发展潜力将使其获得更多的国际支持和全球影响力

The international community generally believes that although the Global Development Initiative has only been proposed for over three years, it has already demonstrated development potential that cannot be ignored.

国际社会普遍认为，全球发展倡议虽然仅提出三年多，但是已经显示出不容忽视的发展潜力。

First, from the perspective of its development philosophy, the Global Development Initiative has relatively well met the needs of world development. Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov pointed out that the Global Development Initiative aligns with the development trends of the current era and the universal expectations of the people for peace, cooperation, and development. Muhammadjon Obidov, Chairman of the Union of Journalists’ Innovation of the Fergana Region of Uzbekistan, believes that the core objectives of the Global Development Initiative lie in poverty reduction, ensuring food security, and promoting sustainable development, and that it will lead the construction of a future-oriented global development community.

第一，从其发展理念来看，全球发展倡议较好满足了世界发展的需求。吉尔吉斯斯坦总统萨德尔·扎帕罗夫(Sadyr Jhaparov)指出，全球发展倡议契合了当今时代的发展趋势及民众对于和平、合作与发展的普遍期待。乌兹别克斯坦费尔干纳地区记者创新联盟主席穆罕默德容·奥比多夫(Muhammadjon Obidov)认为，全球发展倡议的核心目标在于减贫、确保粮食安全以及推动可持续发展，它将引领构建一个面向未来的全球发展共同体。

Second, from the perspective of its cooperation model, the Global Development Initiative has deepened exchanges and mutual learning among countries. African countries generally believe that China’s Global Development Initiative, by providing necessary support and resources, helps Africa overcome future development bottlenecks, while offering the international community new cooperation models and governance concepts, and will further promote South-South cooperation and the realization of global sustainable development goals in the future.

第二，从其合作模式来看，全球发展倡议深化了国家间的交流与互鉴。非洲国家普遍认为，中国的全球发展倡议通过提供必要的支持和资源，有助于非洲克服未来发展瓶颈，同时为国际社会提供了新的合作模式和治理理念，未来会进一步推动南南合作和全球可持续发展目标的实现。

Third, from the perspective of its future value, the Global Development Initiative further promotes the realization of the common interests of the international community. Currently, apart from actors with starkly different political stances and ideologies who often interpret it through tinted lenses, the international community generally recognizes that the Global Development Initiative is of great significance for maintaining world peace and stability, promoting economic and social progress, and advancing the reform of the global governance system, and will play a positive role in safeguarding the common interests of all humanity in the future.

第三，从其未来价值来看，全球发展倡议进一步促进了国际社会共同利益的实现。目前，除了政治立场和意识形态迥异的行为体常带着有色眼镜作出解读外，国际社会基本认同全球发展倡议对于维护世界和平稳定、促进经济社会进步及推动全球治理体系变革具有重要意义，将在未来为维护全人类共同利益发挥积极作用。

IV. Summary and Assessment: Reflections on the International Community’s Perceptions of the Global Development Initiative

四、总结与评析：对国际社会关于全球发展倡议认知的反思

From the above analysis, it can be seen that the Global Development Initiative is one of the hot topics of concern for all sectors of the international community. They have conducted in-depth discussions on the motivations for proposing the initiative, its global impact, and future prospects, and have responded positively. At the same time, the evaluations of the international community also exhibit certain misinterpretations and cognitive biases. Overall, the responses and perceptions of various sectors of the international community display three major characteristics.

从以上的分析可以看出，全球发展倡议是国际社会各界关注的热点议题之一，并从该倡议的提出动因、世界影响和未来前景等方面进行了深入探讨，作出了积极回应。与此同时，国际社会的评价也表现出一定误读和认知偏差。总体来看，国际社会各界的回应和认知呈现三大特征。

First, the perspectives from which the international community analyzes and evaluates the Global Development Initiative are comprehensive and diverse. Researcher Lunting Wu from the University of Lisbon wrote that the Global Development Initiative integrates issues such as the economic situation, geopolitics, international relations, food security, and pandemics, incorporating China’s considerations based on multiple international and domestic factors. In fact, this view is basically consistent with the international community’s fundamental understanding of the Global Development Initiative, namely that it is a comprehensive initiative that transcends the scope of a single economic development and covers multiple issues. Consequently, various sectors of the international community, based on factors such as different regional interests, disciplinary characteristics, research preferences, cognitive stances, and public opinion environments, have interpreted the Global Development Initiative from multiple perspectives. This diversified research trend makes the international community’s perception of the Global Development Initiative more comprehensive, reflecting the expectations and attention of overseas sectors towards China’s initiative for seeking common development and win-win cooperation during a period of turbulence and transformation, thereby providing useful references for domestic academia in researching and interpreting the Global Development Initiative.

第一，国际社会对全球发展倡议分析评价的视角具有全面性和多样性。里斯本大学研究员吴伦廷(Lunting Wu)撰文称，全球发展倡议融合了经济形势、地缘政治、国际关系、粮食安全和大流行病等议题，整合了中国基于国际国内多方面要素的考量。事实上， 该观点也基本与国际社会对全球发展倡议的基本认知保持了一致，即全球发展倡议是一项超越单一经济发展范畴，涵盖了多重议题的综合性倡议，由此国际社会各界基于不同的地区利益、学科特点、研究偏好、认知立场和舆论环境等因素，对全球发展倡议进行了多视角的解读。这种多样化的研究态势使得国际社会对全球发展倡议的认知更加全面，反映出海外各界在动荡变革期对中国倡议共谋发展、合作共赢的期待和关注，从而为国内学界在研究和阐释全球发展倡议时提供了有益的参考 。

Second, the international community’s research on the Global Development Initiative has a relatively distinct pragmatic orientation. The perceptions of the Global Development Initiative cover a wide range, but overall, the focus of the international community is concentrated on result-oriented projects such as implementation pathways, development agendas, and practical effectiveness, showing an obvious pragmatic tendency. This is specifically reflected in: first, the heated discussion on the Global Development Initiative’s “adherence to an action-oriented approach.” From the literature currently available to the author, those involving analysis of the “adherence to an action-oriented approach” account for more than half, which clearly shows the degree of attention paid to the initiative’s practical effectiveness. At the same time, compared with other specific principles such as “adhering to development as a priority” and “adhering to a people-centered approach,” the specific implementation areas of the “adherence to an action-oriented approach” constitute a major concern of the international community, and related research has been increasingly conducted along with the concrete implementation of the Global Development Initiative. For example, many researchers express appreciation for the clear mechanisms within the Global Development Initiative and practices that emphasize action effectiveness, such as promoting infrastructure construction, and believe this will help change the status quo. Second, from the starting point and endpoint of the research, various sectors of the international community focus on evaluating and analyzing the potential value and challenges the Global Development Initiative may bring to themselves, and accordingly provide references for their own country’s or group’s policy assessments and related decision-making. Currently, most research on the Global Development Initiative in the international community originates from analyses of motivations, impacts, and development trends, then focuses on the points of convergence and divergence between the Global Development Initiative and their own national interests, and ultimately concludes with their own responses and solutions to practical problems. For instance, a research report released by the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the European Parliament believes that the Global Development Initiative’s characteristics of strong targeting, intensification, and substantial financial input pose a major challenge to Europe’s value-based development model and should trigger high vigilance within the EU.

第二，国际社会对全球发展倡议的研究具有比较鲜明的实用导向。对全球发展倡议的认知涉及范围广泛，但是总体来看国际社会的关注点集中在落实路径、发展议程和实际成效等结果导向的项目上，具有明显的实用倾向，具体体现在：一是对全球发展倡议“坚持行动导向”的热烈讨论。从笔者当前掌握的文献资料来看，其中涉及对“坚持行动导向”进行分析的就超过半数，其对全球发展倡议的实效关注度可见一斑。同时，相较于“坚持发展优先”“坚持以人民为中心”等其他具体倡议，“坚持行动导向”的具体落实领域等明显构成了国际社会主要的关切点，相关研究也一并随着全球发展倡议的具体落实得到更多开展。如研究者多对全球发展倡议中明确的机制，以及推动基础设施建设等更加注重行动实效的做法表示赞赏，并认为这将有助于改变现状。二是从研究的出发点和落脚点来看，国际社会各界重在评估和剖析全球发展倡议对自身可能带来的价值和挑战，并据此为本国或本集团的政策评估和相关决策提供参考。目前，国际社会对全球发展倡议的研究多数缘起于动因、影响和发展趋势的分析，进而关注全球发展倡议与本国利益的交汇点和分歧点，最终落脚于自身应对和现实问题的解决上。譬如欧洲议会对外事务委员会发布的研究报告认为全球发展倡议针对性强、集约化和强财政投入的特点是对欧洲基于价值的发展模式构成重大挑战，应当引发欧盟内部的高度警觉。

Third, the international community’s perception of the Global Development Initiative is generally positive, but there is still a certain degree of misinterpretation. The international community’s understanding of the motivations and significance of the Global Development Initiative aligns with its original intention and conception, namely to consolidate the broadest consensus of the international community on development issues, promote common development, and align with and accelerate the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. However, some overseas scholars, influenced by political stances, class perspectives, and Cold War mentality, are unable to provide an objective evaluation of the Global Development Initiative. This is mainly manifested in: first, the tendency to politicize development issues. For example, Joseph Lemoine and others believe that the West must take immediate action to reduce China’s use of the Global Development Initiative for ideological dissemination in developing countries. Second, some scholars misinterpret the motivation behind China’s proposal of the Global Development Initiative as an act of seeking hegemony to expand its international discursive position or a tool to win over developing countries to counter the United States. A minority of scholars, represented by Lunting Wu and others, believe that the Global Development Initiative is specifically launched by China in response to the US “Indo-Pacific Strategy” against the backdrop of intensified major-power competition.

第三，国际社会对全球发展倡议的认知总体是积极的，但仍存在一定程度的误读。国际社会对于全球发展倡议的动因、意义认知符合其提出的初衷和构想，即凝聚国际社会对发展问题的最广泛共识，促进共同发展，对接、加速落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程。然而，也有部分海外学者受政治立场、阶级视角及冷战思维影响，不能对全球发展倡议进行客观评价，主要表现在：首先，将发展问题政治化的倾向。例如约瑟夫·勒莫万等认为西方必须立即采取行动，减少中国利用全球发展倡议在发展中国家进行意识形态传播。其次，还有部分学者把中国提出全球发展倡议的动机错误地解读为扩大国际话语地位的争霸之举或拉拢发展中国家抗衡美国的工具。以吴伦廷等为代表的少数学者认为，全球发展倡议是中国在大国竞争加剧的背景下针对美国推出的“印太战略”而专门启动的。

Conclusion

结 语

Since its proposal, the Global Development Initiative has promoted the international community’s refocus on development issues and recommitment to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on a global scale, achieving considerable progress and accomplishments in addressing the challenges posed by the “four major deficits.” [8]8 The “four major deficits” (四大赤字) refer to deficits in governance, trust, peace, and development, a concept articulated by Chinese leader Xi Jinping to describe challenges facing global governance. The “Global Development Initiative Implementation Progress Report 2023” released by the China International Development Knowledge Center shows that among the 32 practical measures of the Global Development Initiative released by China in 2022, half have been completed or achieved early results. The total number of practical cooperation projects in the project library has exceeded 100, and nearly 40 developing countries are benefiting from them. This is also the fundamental reason for the enthusiastic response and sustained attention of the international community to the Global Development Initiative. Currently, the Global Development Initiative has moved from the stage of conceptual construction to the stage of deep practice. Its implementation effectiveness depends not only on China’s own efforts and promotion but also requires the recognition and support of the international community. Overall, due to differences in regional backgrounds, political stances, and practical interests, different countries and regions have certain differences in their positions and perceptions, forming diversified interpretations of the Global Development Initiative. Therefore, in the future advancement of the Global Development Initiative, it is necessary to prudently and dialectically view the various interpretations of the Global Development Initiative from an international perspective, adopt multiple measures to guide the international community towards a more objective and accurate cognitive judgment of the Global Development Initiative, win more international support for the further implementation of the Global Development Initiative, and thereby create a more favorable international atmosphere for building a more inclusive Chinese discourse system and shaping a more responsible image of China as a major country in the New Era.

全球发展倡议自提出以来在全球范围内推动了国际社会对发展问题的再聚焦和对2030年可持续发展议程的再承诺，在应对全球“四大赤字”带来的挑战上取得了非常可观的进展和成就。中国国际发展知识中心发布《全球发展倡议落实进展报告2023》显示，中国在2022年发布的全球发展倡议32项务实举措，已有半数完成或取得早期成果，项目库务实合作项目总数已突破100个，近40个发展中国家正从中受益。这也是国际社会对全球发展倡议反应热烈和持续关注的根本原因之所在。当前，全球发展倡议已从理念构建迈入实践深耕阶段，其实施成效不仅取决于中国自身的努力和推动，更需要国际社会的认可和支持。总体来看，不同国家和地区因区域背景、政治立场及现实利益差异，在立场与认知上存在一定的差异，对全球发展倡议形成了多元化的解读。因此，在全球发展倡议未来的推进过程中，应审慎辩证地看待国际视域下全球发展倡议的各方面解读，多措并举引导国际社会对全球发展倡议形成更加客观准确的认知判断，为全球发展倡议的进一步落实赢得更多国际支持，进而为构建起更具包容性的中国话语体系和塑造新时代中国更加负责的大国形象创造更加有利的国际氛围。