A Spaniard’s Observations on Chinese-Path Modernization

Not long ago, Julio Cevallos, a Spanish business consultant and writer, published his Spanish-language monograph *Xuanji Tu* [The Armillary Sphere Diagram]. Based on his observations and reflections from 18 years of work and life in China, the book analyzes from a first-hand perspective the path and experience of China’s development, positively evaluating China’s approach to planning development paths on a time scale of decades. Upon publication, the book attracted widespread attention in Western society. Our newspaper invited Cevallos to contribute an article on the book for the benefit of our readers.

不久前，西班牙商业顾问、作家胡里奥·塞瓦略斯推出西语专著《璇玑图》。该书根据其在中国18年工作与生活的观察与思考，以亲历者的视角深入分析中国发展的路径和经验，积极评价中国以数十年为时间尺度规划发展道路。该书一经出版就引发西方社会的广泛关注。本报邀请塞瓦略斯就该书撰写稿件，以飨读者。

Why write the book —

为何著书——

China is not an inscrutable riddle, but a living jigsaw puzzle

中国不是难解的谜团，而是鲜活的拼图

On the international stage of the 21st century, China is one of the most important

在21世纪的国际舞台上，中国是最重要的参与者之一。在全球经济发展、科技创新以及应对气候变化等方面，中国均发挥关键作用。理解中国如何与世界互动，不仅是满足知识探索的需求，更是预判全球未来走向的必修课。

The term “Xuanji” (璇玑) originates from the instrument used by ancient Chinese astronomers to observe the movements of the stars. Just as ancient stargazers calibrated their decisions based on celestial patterns, Europe today also needs to recalibrate its own strategic compass. The “Xuanji Diagram” (璇玑图) is a palindrome poem created by the talented female poet Su Hui of China’s Northern and Southern Dynasties; this image is profoundly meaningful: there are inherently multiple approaches to addressing global challenges, and China’s development practice proves that the path to modernization is by no means singular. My new book, *The Xuanji Diagram*, focuses on the positioning and choices of China, Chinese enterprises, and the Chinese people within a complex global landscape.

“璇玑”二字，源自中国古代天文学家观测星辰运行的仪器。正如古代观星者依据星象校准决策方向，当下欧洲也需重新校准自身的战略罗盘。“璇玑图”是中国南北朝才女苏蕙创作的回文诗，这一意象极具深意：应对全球挑战本就存在多元方法，中国的发展实践证明现代化道路绝非只有一条。我的新书《璇玑图》聚焦中国、中国企业与中国民众在复杂全球格局中的定位与选择。

One of the most important lessons China has taught me is this: development is not a series of improvised impulses, but a road measured on a scale of decades. In Europe, political horizons are often constrained by electoral cycles, and changes of government frequently cause many projects to be unsustainable. In China, I see a continuity that spans time—long-term goals remain unchanged, and the actions to advance those goals never cease.

中国给我的最重要启示之一是：发展不是一连串即兴的冲动，而是一条以数十年为时间尺度的道路。在欧洲，政治视野常受选举周期的局限，政府更迭往往导致诸多项目难以延续。在中国，我看到的是一种跨越时间的延续性——长期目标始终不变，推进目标的行动从未停歇。

Having worked and lived in China for 18 years, this experience has taught me to observe China’s development with a focused and unbiased eye, paying attention not only to surface phenomena but also striving to understand the underlying reasons and values. This experience has also led me to recognize that China is not a homogeneous whole, nor an unfathomable mystery, but a living mosaic—where tradition and innovation coexist, pragmatism and ambition go hand in hand, and strategic patience is as prominent as execution efficiency.

我曾在华工作生活18年，这一经历让我学会以专注且无偏见的眼光观察中国发展，不仅关注表象，更努力理解背后的原因与价值观。这段经历也让我认识到：中国不是一个同质化的整体，也不是难解的谜团，而是鲜活的拼图——传统与创新并存，务实与雄心并行，战略耐心与执行效率同样突出。

The book *The Xuanji Diagram* does not intend to be an exhaustive portrait or a definitive guide. It is more like an invitation, through concrete experiences, to understand what I have learned in China that holds value for any society—such as how to engage in long-term planning, how to invest in people, how to drive innovation with clear goals, and how to cultivate collective resilience. This is neither blind praise nor idealized comparison, but an honest attempt to build bridges between Europe and China. Because in this increasingly interdependent world, the real challenge lies in how to understand each other and move forward together.

《璇玑图》这本书无意成为详尽的画像或最终的指南。它更像是一份邀请，通过具体的经验，去了解我在中国学到的对任何社会都具有价值的经验，比如如何进行长期规划、如何投资于人、如何以明确目标推动创新、如何培育集体韧性。这既不是盲目的赞美，也不是理想化的比较，而是一种诚实的尝试——在欧洲与中国之间搭建桥梁。因为在这个日益相互依存的世界里，真正的挑战在于如何彼此理解、携手前行。

Strategic patience—

战略耐心——

Sustainable development is not a sprint, but a marathon.

可持续发展不是短跑，而是马拉松

If there is one thing that can define China’s approach to development, it is long-term planning. For Europeans accustomed to measuring political agendas in four- or five-year terms and business decisions by quarterly earnings reports, encountering a country that formulates 20-year, 30-year, 50-year, or even century-long visions is a striking experience. This long-term perspective and mindset are ubiquitous in China, evident not only in decisions at all levels of government but also clearly felt in local administrative offices, small and micro enterprises, and rural cooperatives.

如果说有什么能够定义中国看待发展的方式，那一定是长期规划。对于习惯以四五年任期衡量政治议程、以季度财报评判商业决策的欧洲人而言，认识一个会制定20年、30年、50年乃至百年远景规划的国家，是件令人震撼的事。而这种长远眼光和心态在中国无处不在，不仅体现在各级政府的决策中，在地方办事机构、小微企业、农村合作社里同样能清晰感受到。

I first became aware of this in the office of a local official in a fourth-tier city in Sichuan Province. The office was simply furnished, with a huge regional planning map hanging on the wall, using different colors to mark out agricultural zones, residential areas, logistics infrastructure, and ecological corridors.

我第一次意识到这一点，是在四川一座四线城市的地方官员办公室。办公室陈设朴素，墙上悬挂着一幅巨大的区域规划图，用不同颜色标注出农业区、住宅区、物流基础设施及生态廊道的范围。

The official, with a gentle demeanor and a slow, measured tone, pointed to the map and explained to me: the plan made in 2005 showed almost no obvious returns at the time, but 20 years later, this plan is helping the locality form a more diversified economic model, a more livable living environment, and a more efficient transportation network. “Our job is not to rush to be ‘number one,’ but to pave the track for future generations, so they can run when the time is right.” This remark made me think: sustainable development is not a sprint, but a marathon; planning is not rigidity, but institutional wisdom.

这位官员态度温和、语速平缓，指着地图向我解释：2005年作出的规划，当时几乎看不到明显收益，但20年后的今天，这份规划正帮助当地形成更多元的经济模式、更宜居的生活环境、更高效的交通网络。“我们的工作不是急于‘争第一’，而是要为后人铺好赛道，让他们在合适的时机跑起来。”这番话让我想到：可持续发展不是短跑，而是马拉松；规划不是僵化，而是制度智慧。

During our conversation, another sentence of his has stayed with me to this day: “Our work is to plant trees under whose shade we may never sit.” This phrase encapsulates the continuity-oriented thinking I have seen in China—people work for the future, even if they may not live to see that future, they are still willing to lay the foundation for future generations.

交谈中，他的另一句话让我至今难忘：“我们的工作，就是种下自己可能无法坐在树荫下乘凉的树。”这句话浓缩了我在中国看到的延续性思维——人们为未来而工作，哪怕这个未来无法亲眼看到，仍愿为后代打下基础。

This spirit of “advance deployment” has an institutionalized carrier—the “Five-Year Plan.” In China, the “Five-Year Plan” acts like a “hinge” connecting grand strategies—each plan builds on the development achievements of the previous stage, is revised and optimized according to actual conditions, and simultaneously opens the door for the next stage of development.

这种“提前布局”的精神，有着制度化的载体——“五年规划”。在中国，“五年规划”如同衔接宏大战略的“铰链”——每一个规划承接上一阶段的发展成果，根据实际情况修正优化，同时为下一阶段发展打开大门。

An example I saw in a county in Shandong Province is quite typical. Initially, the county planned to build a rural road connecting several agricultural villages to the nearest city. Later, this road was widened to connect to a newly built industrial park. Then, it was further linked to the expressway leading to the province’s largest port. What seemed like an insignificant project gradually became a strategic hub for regional trade over time.

我在山东一个县看到的例子就十分典型。最初，县里计划修建一条乡村公路，把几个农业村落与最近的城市连接起来。后来，这条公路被拓宽，连接起新建的工业园区。再后来，它又与通往全省最大港口的高速公路连接。原本看似微不足道的工程，随着时间推移，逐渐成为区域贸易的战略枢纽。

In Europe, a change of government can lead to the suspension or significant alteration of ongoing projects. In China, although there may be adjustments in development priorities, core policies remain stable, which makes major investments meaningful and implementable over the long term.

在欧洲，一次政府更迭就可能导致在建项目停滞或大幅调整。在中国，尽管也会有发展优先级的调整，但核心政策始终保持稳定，这使得重大投资在长期内具备意义并得到落实。

Behind this continuity lies a cadre promotion system oriented towards experience, performance, and results. To manage a major city, an official must undergo training in multiple positions and pass rigorous tests of execution capability. In Europe, political leaders are often elected based on personal charisma, oratory skills, or media exposure. In China, the core of assessment is tangible results; officials must prove they have efficient execution ability, strategic foresight, and comprehensive management skills before being promoted.

这种延续性的背后，是一套以经验、实绩、成果为导向的干部晋升体系。要管理一座重要城市，官员必须经历多岗位锻炼，接受对执行力的严格检验。在欧洲，政治领袖往往凭借个人魅力、演讲能力或媒体曝光度当选。在中国，考核的核心是实实在在的成果，官员在晋升前必须证明自己具有高效执行力、战略远见与综合管理能力。

Selecting the worthy and appointing the capable is not elitism, but a sense of responsibility. In China, entering politics is a career requiring the accumulation of merit, the sedimentation of seniority, the preparation of experience, and professional training. I call this “performance-oriented governance.” This is a continuation of the traditional Chinese concept of “appointing people on their merits” (任人唯贤)—at every post, an official’s performance is meticulously examined to determine whether they are suitable for greater responsibility. Of course, this model cannot eliminate all problems—no system can—but it establishes a logic: experience and political achievements are far more important than media exposure.

选贤任能不是精英主义，而是一种责任担当。在中国，从政是一份需要功绩积累、资历沉淀、经验储备与专业培训的职业。我将其称为“绩效导向型治理”。这是中国传统“任人唯贤”理念的延续——在每一个岗位上，官员的表现都会被细致考察，以判断其是否适合承担更大责任。当然，这种模式并不能消除所有问题——任何制度都做不到，但它确立了一种逻辑：履历与政绩，远比媒体曝光度更重要。

I saw a very vivid example on the outskirts of a city in inland China: a straight, wide asphalt road had already been built, but the surrounding area was still vacant land, and the streetlights were not yet connected. Later, I learned that the locality was planning to build an industrial science park, relocating heavily polluting enterprises out of the city center to free up land for parks and residential areas. To develop, one must first build roads—precisely to avoid disorder and chaos in future growth.

我在中国内陆某城郊看到过一个非常形象的例子：一条笔直宽阔的柏油马路已经建成，周边仍是空地，路灯尚未接通。后来我了解到，当地正规划建设一座工业科技园，将重污染企业迁出市中心，释放土地资源建设公园与住宅区。要发展先修路，正是为了避免未来增长中的无序与混乱。

This long-term thinking by no means implies that China develops slowly. On the contrary, once conditions are ripe, China’s execution efficiency is astonishing. High-speed rail lines and industrial parks are established within just a few months precisely because the preliminary planning has thoroughly resolved the questions of “why do it” and “how to do it.”

这种长期思维，绝不意味着中国发展得慢。恰恰相反，一旦条件成熟，中国的执行效率惊人。高铁线路、产业园区短短数月内落地，正是因为前期规划已彻底解决了“为什么做”和“怎么做”的问题。

Education and innovation—

教育与创新——

Governance is not only about managing the present; it is also about planning for the future.

治理不仅是管理当下，也体现在规划未来

When I first arrived in China 20 years ago, I carried curiosity and respect. Before that, I had learned a fair amount about China, but I quickly discovered that nothing can replace personal experience—whether it is the details of daily life, the logic of business interactions, or the cultural traits that can only be perceived by being there. Over the years, I have witnessed China change at a speed that Europeans find hard to imagine. Former small towns have risen into metropolises connected by high-speed rail; once dusty villages now sell their agricultural products thousands of miles away through digital services; and startups that began in humble workshops are now leading the way in cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence and renewable energy.

20年前初到中国时，我心中怀有好奇与尊重。在那之前，我学过不少有关中国的知识，但很快就发现，没有什么能替代亲身经历——无论是日常生活的细节、商业往来的逻辑，还是唯有身处其中才能察觉的文化特质。多年来，我目睹中国以欧洲人难以想象的速度发生变化。昔日的小城崛起为高铁连接的大都市，曾经尘土飞扬的乡村，如今通过数字化服务将农产品销往千里之外；那些从简陋车间起步的创业公司，如今已在人工智能、可再生能源等前沿领域领跑。

The most important thing I have learned from China is that education is the most valuable investment. Receiving an education is not only a right but also a requirement for survival. Over the past five years, China has leapt to first place in the world in the number of high-level scientific and technological talents. In 2024, China’s total R&D spending across society exceeded the average level of European Union countries, and the total number of R&D personnel ranks first in the world. This is by no means accidental; it is the result of a national strategic choice. Science education, technical training, and a cultural atmosphere of diligence and eagerness to learn together form the pillars of China’s competitiveness.

中国让我学到的最重要一点是：教育是最有价值的投资。受教育不仅是一项权利，更是生存的要求。过去5年，中国全球高层次科技人才数量跃居世界首位。2024年，中国全社会研发投入超过欧盟国家平均水平，研发人员总量世界第一。这绝非偶然，而是国家战略选择的结果。科学教育、技术训练与勤奋好学的文化氛围，共同构成了中国竞争力的支柱。

In Shenzhen, Guangdong, I met a young female artificial intelligence engineer who began studying robotics-related courses at the age of 11. Like most Chinese families, her family prioritizes education above all else. This concept of learning, rooted in tradition, has cultivated citizens who are adaptable, resilient, and always striving for progress and continuous self-improvement.

在广东深圳，我认识一位年轻的人工智能女工程师，她从11岁起就开始学习机器人相关课程。和大多数中国家庭一样，她家把教育作为最优先事项。这种根植于传统的学习理念，培养出了一批适应力强、韧性十足且始终追求进步、持续提升的公民。

Even after such rapid social transformation, reading still plays the role of a “spiritual anchor” and “cognitive compass” in Chinese society. I have visited packed public libraries in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, explored 24-hour bookstores in Beijing, and seen cases where digital platforms promote daily reading among urban and rural residents. In China, reading is not only a cultural habit but also a form of knowledge reserve and a competitive advantage—it shapes more informed and well-rounded citizens to cope with an unpredictable world. In Nanjing, Jiangsu, a taxi driver told me that he spends at least 60 minutes every evening reading on his phone: “This way, I can better understand the world and also educate my children more effectively.” He said that for Chinese people, reading is not a luxury but an investment in the future.

即便经历了如此快速的社会转型，阅读在中国社会依然扮演着“精神锚点”与“认知罗盘”的角色。我去过浙江杭州座无虚席的公共图书馆，也探访过北京24小时不打烊的书店，还见过数字平台推动城乡居民日常阅读的案例。在中国，阅读不仅是一种文化习惯，更是一种知识储备，一种竞争优势——它塑造出信息更充分、素养更全面的公民，以应对不可预知的世界。在江苏南京，一位出租车司机告诉我，他每天晚上至少花60分钟在手机上阅读：“这样既能更好地理解世界，也能更有效地教育孩子。”他说，对中国人而言，阅读不是奢侈，而是对未来的投资。

China’s development process proves to the world: whoever seizes the initiative in the Fourth Industrial Revolution will gain the upper hand in 21st-century development. From mobile payments to smart cities, from facial recognition to intelligent robots, innovation in China is not just a scientific research practice in the laboratory; it has been integrated into every aspect of daily life.

中国的发展历程向世界证明：谁能在第四次工业革命中抢占先机，谁就能在21世纪的发展中赢得主动。从移动支付到智慧城市，从人脸识别到智能机器人，创新在中国不仅是实验室里的科研实践，更已融入日常生活的方方面面。

A few years ago, in a remote village in Sichuan, I saw that local farmers had long been accustomed to selling vegetables using electronic payments. The spread of digital technology to every corner of China is by no means accidental; it is the result of a national strategy to promote comprehensive digitalization. The core secret lies in: actively encouraging application, helping the public form habits, simultaneously building infrastructure, and promoting early adoption of technology. China’s digital transformation is not the promotion of a fashionable lifestyle but the solid implementation of a national strategy.

几年前，我在四川的偏远乡村看到，当地农民早已习惯用电子支付卖菜。数字技术普及中国各个角落绝非偶然，而是国家推动全面数字化战略的成果。其核心秘诀在于：主动鼓励应用、帮助民众养成习惯，同步建设基础设施、推动技术早期普及。中国的数字化转型不是时尚生活方式的推广，而是国家战略的扎实落地。

From emphasizing education to increasing investment in science and technology, China is building a future-oriented governance model—one that integrates strong institutional safeguards with advanced technological tools while also embodying profound humanistic care. Taking artificial intelligence as an example, China is actively constructing an ethical governance framework to ensure that technological development benefits the broadest population and bridges the digital divide. In Jinan, Shandong, a researcher once explained an important viewpoint to me: to truly make AI benefit everyone, we cannot rely entirely on the market; we need clear institutional rules, explicit social goals, and long-term strategic vision. In China, governance is not only about managing the present but also about planning for the future.

从重视教育到加大科技投入，中国正在构建面向未来的治理模式——既融合强有力的制度保障与先进的技术工具，又蕴含深厚的人文关怀。以人工智能为例，中国正积极构建伦理治理框架，确保技术发展造福最广大群体，弥合数字鸿沟。在山东济南，一位科研人员曾向我阐述一个重要观点：要让人工智能真正惠及所有人，不能完全依赖市场，而要有明确的制度规则、清晰的社会目标与长远的战略眼光。在中国，治理不仅是管理当下，也体现在规划未来。

Resilience and Unity—

韧性与团结——

The resilience of not giving up, striving together, and working together is an important component of the Chinese spirit.

不放弃、共奋进、同努力的韧性，是中国精神的重要组成部分

The way China strengthens the people’s identification with Chinese culture has left a very deep impression on me. Whether through educational inheritance, film dissemination, food culture, or daily rituals, Chinese culture presents not only “memories of the past” but also “expectations for the future.” This cultural pride and value identification explain where China “comes from” and “who it is today,” becoming a powerful force for social cohesion.

中国增强民众对中华文化认同的方式，给我留下了极为深刻的印象。无论是通过教育传承、电影传播、饮食文化，还是日常仪式，中华文化呈现的不仅是“对过去的记忆”，更是“对未来的期许”。这种文化自豪感与价值认同感，解释了中国“从何处来”“当下是谁”，成为凝聚社会的强大力量。

Over the past 20 years, I have witnessed China facing many challenges, including natural disasters,

过去20年间，我见证中国直面自然灾害、突发公共卫生事件以及深刻的经济转型等诸多挑战。让我印象深刻的是，面对困难，中国总能迅速整合资源，保持目标一致、协同行动的集体意识与团队精神。不同于部分国家将团结视为“临时性、即兴式的反应”，在中国，凝聚力与共同价值是早已存在的社会资源，一旦形势需要便能迅速激活。

Common values always display extraordinary resilience. China continuously transforms the resilience it shows in confronting challenges into forward momentum — this is not merely the result of public policy, but a collective mentality deeply rooted in society. That resilience of never giving up, striving together, and making joint efforts is an important component of the Chinese spirit, manifesting the Chinese nation’s tenacious will and spirit of solidarity and cooperation in the face of difficulties and challenges.

共同价值总能展现出非凡的韧性。中国不断将应对挑战的韧性转化为前进的动力——这不仅是公共政策作用的结果，更是一种深植于社会的集体心态。那种不放弃、共奋进、同努力的韧性，是中国精神的重要组成部分，彰显了中华民族面对困难和挑战时的顽强意志与团结协作精神。

In the current era of frequent global crises and increasingly close ties among nations, social cohesion is as strategically important as technology and infrastructure. China has long been deeply aware of this: mutual assistance not only mitigates the impact of crises but also accelerates the recovery process. Europe likewise possesses a rich tradition of community cooperation, yet in many regions this tradition is being eroded by growing individualism and social fragmentation. From financial crises to public health emergencies, practice has repeatedly proven that when social cohesion is weak, the recovery process becomes slow and uneven. China’s experience teaches us: cultivating resilience is not a temporary measure; cooperation must be maintained in daily life.

在全球危机频发且各国联系日益紧密的当下，社会凝聚力与技术、基础设施一样，具有重要的战略意义。中国早已深刻认识到这一点：互帮互助不仅能减轻危机冲击，更能加速复苏进程。欧洲同样拥有丰富的社区合作传统，但在不少地区，这种传统正被日益增长的个人主义和社会分裂削弱。从金融危机到突发公共卫生事件，实践反复证明：当社会凝聚力薄弱时，复苏进程会变得缓慢且不均衡。中国的经验启示我们：培育韧性不是临时措施，而需要在日常中保持合作。

From an international perspective, this experience opens up broad space for Europe-China exchanges. Both sides possess unique community traditions and models of resilience-building, and these are notably complementary. If a meeting point can be found between the two perspectives, it will benefit not only Europe and China but also provide a valuable reference for a world urgently in need of jointly addressing challenges.

从国际视角看，这一经验为欧中交流开辟了广阔空间。双方各自拥有独特的社区传统与韧性建设模式，且具备显著的互补性。若能在两种视野间找到契合点，不仅能让欧中双方受益，更能为亟须携手应对挑战的世界提供宝贵参考。

At the same time, it must be recognized that China’s resilience is by no means passive endurance; it embodies the wisdom of proactive action: even in adversity, it keenly seizes opportunities. This mindset integrates survival instinct with strategic vision, aiming to develop on a more solid new foundation while always maintaining a clear sense of purpose. No society can completely avoid crises, but it can prepare in advance and respond calmly. The construction of social cohesion and resilience cannot be achieved overnight; it requires sustained investment in trust-building, public education, and the establishment of cooperative mechanisms. China’s development path has not been smooth sailing, but its experience shows that when these key elements are in place, a society’s capacity for recovery multiplies. In today’s world, this is undoubtedly an important insight worthy of deep reflection.

同时需要看到，中国的韧性绝非被动忍耐，更蕴含着主动作为的智慧：即便身处逆境，也能敏锐捕捉机遇。这种思维融合了生存本能与战略眼光，目标是在更坚实的新基础上发展，同时始终保持清晰的目标感。没有任何社会能完全规避危机，但可以提前准备、从容应对。社会凝聚力与韧性的构建无法一蹴而就，需要在信任培育、公共教育与合作机制建设上持续投入。中国的发展之路并非一帆风顺，但其经验表明，当具备这些关键要素时，社会的复原能力会成倍提升。在当下的世界，这无疑是值得深入思考的重要启示。

It is precisely on this basis that new opportunities for cooperation are emerging. If Europe and China can cooperate while respecting differences and preserving distinct characteristics, sharing experiences in the areas of resilience-building, social cohesion, and community collaboration, they can build bridges of understanding that transcend the current situation. This is not about pursuing “homogenization,” but rather upholding mutual respect and acknowledging that “there is more than one path to the same goal.” Jointly building more resilient societies can both withstand risks and challenges and turn crises into momentum for progress.

正是在此基础上，新的合作机遇正在涌现。如果欧洲和中国能在尊重差异、保持特色的前提下开展合作，在韧性建设、社会凝聚与社区协作领域分享经验，就能搭建起超越当下局势的理解之桥。这并非追求“同质化”，而是秉持相互尊重，承认“通往同一目标的路径不止一条”。共同建设更具韧性的社会，既能抵御风险挑战，又能将危机转化为前行的动力。

In the current global landscape, affected by an atmosphere of tension and tendencies toward division, cooperation centered on resilience, social cohesion, and the public interest has the potential to become fertile ground for constructive dialogue. The lesson China’s practice offers Europe is that crises are not only threats but can also become catalysts for innovation and progress — just as the Chinese word “crisis” (危机) contains both “danger” (危) and “opportunity” (机). Europe’s tradition also reminds us that multiculturalism and organized solidarity are powerful forces for maintaining stability and driving development. At the intersection of these two perspectives lies enormous potential for mutual learning and shared benefit.

在当前被紧张氛围与分裂倾向影响的全球格局中，围绕韧性、社会凝聚力与公共利益等展开的合作，有望成为开展建设性对话的沃土。中国实践给欧洲的启示是：危机不仅是威胁，更能成为创新与进步的催化剂——正如中文里“危机”一词既包含“危险”，也包含“机遇”。欧洲的传统也提醒我们：多元文化与有组织的团结，是维护稳定、推动发展的强大力量。在这两种视野的交汇之处，蕴藏着巨大的相互学习潜力与共同受益空间。

One equation, multiple solutions. China’s experience tells us: there is no fixed formula for modernization; every civilization can, based on its own uniqueness and irreplaceable strengths, explore a development path suited to itself through the organic integration of political governance, universal education, innovation-driven growth, social cohesion, and spiritual values.

一个方程，多种解法。中国的经验告诉我们：现代化没有固定配方，每一种文明都可立足自身的独特性与不可替代的优势，在政治治理、教育普及、创新驱动、社会凝聚与精神价值的有机融合中，探索出适合自身的发展道路。

(The author is a Spanish business consultant and writer. Translated by our reporter Yan Huan.)

（作者为西班牙商业顾问、作家，本报记者颜欢翻译）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧