African Academia’s Cognitive Evaluation of Chinese-Path Modernization

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out that Chinese-path modernization is the socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China. It contains elements that are common to the modernization of all countries, but it is more characterized by Chinese features based on China’s actual conditions. Chinese-path modernization provides a new choice for mankind to achieve modernization. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people provide more and better Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to solve the common problems facing mankind. Modernization is a global and historic profound transformation in the history of human development, covering many aspects such as economy, politics, society, culture, and ideology. It is a common issue facing emerging market countries and developing countries. Africa is the continent with the largest concentration of developing countries. Its modernization started relatively late, and in the process of developing its modernization cause, it has encountered more severe setbacks and twists. Therefore, the achievements of Chinese-path modernization development and the experience that can be drawn upon have attracted widespread attention from African scholars. They have successively “looked eastward” and “looked toward development” to explore the code behind China’s “development miracle.” This article compiles the research and views of African academia on Chinese-path modernization, providing an African perspective for further understanding the rich connotation of Chinese-path modernization and its contribution in the history of human development.

党的二十大报告指出，中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的中国特色。中国式现代化为人类实现现代化提供了新的选择，中国共产党和中国人民为解决人类面临的共同问题提供更多更好的中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量。现代化是人类发展史上的一场全球性历史性的深刻变革，涵盖了经济、政治、社会、文化、思想等诸多方面，是新兴市场国家和发展中国家面临的共同课题。非洲是发展中国家最集中的大陆，其现代化起步较晚，在发展现代化事业的进程中遭遇了更加严峻的反复和曲折。因此，中国式现代化发展取得的成就及可借鉴的经验引起了非洲学者的广泛关注，他们纷纷“向东看”“向发展看”,探寻中国的“发展奇迹”背后的密码。本文对非洲学界关于中国式现代化的研究和观点进行梳理，为进一步认识中国式现代化的丰富内涵及其在人类发展史上的贡献提供一个非洲视角。

I. The Great Achievements of Chinese-Path Modernization from an African Perspective

一、非洲视角下中国式现代化的巨大成就

Based on comparisons between ancient and modern times, between China and Africa, and between China and the West, African academia first observes the achievements of Chinese-path modernization. It conducts multi-dimensional analysis mainly from the aspects of the economic achievements, political exploration, common prosperity, and peaceful development of Chinese-path modernization, affirming the great achievements of Chinese-path modernization as a whole.

立足古今、中非、中西对比，非洲学界首先观察到了中国式现代化所取得的成绩，并主要从中国式现代化的经济成就、政治探索、共同富裕及和平发展等方面进行了多维度分析，从整体上肯定了中国式现代化的巨大成就。

The Economic Field is Booming, with Growth Achievements Attracting Worldwide Attention

经济领域蓬勃发展，增长成就举世瞩目

The first common focus of African academia is the huge increase in China’s economic size. Many scholars praise China’s great achievements in the field of economic construction as a miracle of modernization. Nigerian scholar Ehizuelen Michael Mitchell Omoruyi stated, “China has successfully lifted 800 million people out of poverty, contributing 70% to the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, creating a miracle in the history of world development.” [1]1 The "system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation" refers to the political framework in which the CPC is the ruling party and eight other legally recognized parties participate in governance and consultation. "Regional ethnic autonomy" refers to the system of autonomous areas (regions, prefectures, counties) for ethnic minorities. "Grassroots self-governance" refers to the system of villagers' committees in rural areas and residents' committees in urban areas, which are theoretically elected by local residents. Senior Researcher at the Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute of the University of South Africa and famous South African China expert Paul Tembe believes, “China has achieved unprecedented economic and technological achievements in human history over several decades, and has won the victory of eradicating absolute poverty.” Nigerian scholar and columnist for the Nigerian Guardian, Adekunle Osidipe, believes, “In the process of committing to poverty eradication and building a peaceful and prosperous society at home and globally, China has proven itself to be a model of economic development and global governance.” Siyongwa Mlamla of Rhodes University in South Africa stated, “China has successfully shaken off poverty, and not only that, but has also climbed to the peak of the world economy, which can be called the China miracle.”

非洲学界的普遍关注点首先是中国经济体量的巨大提升，不少学者赞叹中国在经济建设领域取得的巨大成就是现代化的奇迹。尼日利亚学者埃希苏伦·迈克尔·米切尔·奥莫鲁伊表示，“中国成功使8亿人脱贫，为联合国千年发展目标减贫贡献了70%,创造了世界发展史上的奇迹”。南非大学姆贝基非洲领导力研究所高级研究员、南非著名中国问题专家谭哲理认为，“中国在数十年里取得了人类历史上前所未有的经济和科技成就，并取得了消除绝对贫困的胜利”。尼日利亚学者、尼日利亚《卫报》专栏作家阿德昆勒·奥西迪普认为，“中国在致力于消除贫困、在国内和全球范围建设和平繁荣社会的过程中，已经证明了自己是经济发展和全球治理的典范”。南非罗德斯大学希永瓦巴·姆拉姆拉表示，“中国成功地摆脱了贫困，不仅如此，还登上了世界经济的高峰，堪称中国奇迹”。

At the same time, African scholars generally observe the speed of China’s economic development, believing that it is very difficult to achieve an economic take-off in such a short time. Hamidou Doumbia, Secretary of Political Affairs of the Malian Party for Change, stated, “China has risen rapidly in just a few decades, developing into the world’s second-largest economy and the largest trading country in goods, and has also become Africa’s largest trading partner.” Fikreyesus Yemahassen, Researcher at the Eritrean Strategic Studies Center, stated that over more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China has experienced unprecedented development and transformation. From 1979 to 2023, China’s economy grew at an average annual rate of 8.9%, far exceeding the world average of 3% over the same period, becoming the main engine of global growth. According to World Bank statistics, 800 million people in China have been lifted out of poverty, creating one of the most spectacular development miracles in modern history. Alpha Mohamed Jalloh, Director of the China-Africa Research Institute at Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, believes, “China insists on combining the basic socialist system with the market economy in its development. Driven by this model, China has developed from a mainly agricultural country into the world’s second-largest economy in a relatively short period of time.”

同时，非洲学者普遍观察到中国经济发展的速度，认为在如此短时间内实现经济腾飞非常不易。马里变革党政务书记哈米杜·敦比亚表示，“中国在短短几十年间迅速崛起，发展成为世界第二大经济体、第一大货物贸易国，同时也成为非洲最大贸易伙伴国”。厄立特里亚战略研究中心研究员菲克雷耶苏斯·亚玛哈森表示，改革开放40多年来，中国经历了前所未有的发展变革。从1979年到2023年，中国经济年均增长8.9%,远超同期世界经济3%的平均增速，成为全球增长的主要引擎。据世界银行统计，中国有8亿人口摆脱了贫困，创造了现代史上最为壮观的发展奇迹之一。塞拉利昂马可尼大学中非研究院院长阿尔法·穆罕默德·贾洛认为，“中国在发展中坚持把社会主义基本制度和市场经济相结合。在这种模式的推动下，中国在相对较短的时间内就从一个以农业为主的国家发展成为世界第二大经济体”。

It is worth noting that in recent years, some African scholars have deeply examined the quality of China’s economic development, believing that high-quality development represents the future direction of Chinese-path modernization. An analysis report by the South African Institute of International Affairs points out, “China has transformed into a highly mature state-driven innovative country.” Paul Tembe believes: “In the rise of scientific progress and high-end technology industries, China’s transformation from quantity-focused production to quality-focused production has become evident. In the process of high-quality development, China has won its world status by landing on Mars and the Moon. In its technological rise, China has taken a leading position in 5G wireless networks and electric vehicles. In terms of strategic policy, high-quality development is reflected in the state’s emphasis on and priority development of low-carbon emission industries, energy-saving infrastructure, smart transportation, and high-quality consumption.” Bulelwa Matiwane, Deputy Chairperson of the South African Students Congress, believes that China will unswervingly deepen reform and opening up and pursue high-quality development.

值得注意的是，近年来一些非洲学者深度考察了中国经济发展的质量，认为高质量发展代表中国式现代化的未来方向。南非国际事务研究所分析报告指出，“中国已经转变为一个高度成熟的国家驱动的创新型国家”。谭哲理认为：“中国在科学进步和高端技术行业的崛起中，从注重数量的生产转变为注重质量的生产已显而易见。在高质量发展过程中，中国通过登陆火星和月球赢得了其世界地位。在其技术崛起过程中，中国在5G无线网络和电动汽车方面取得了领先地位。在战略政策方面，高质量发展体现在国家重视和优先发展低碳排放产业、节能基础设施、智能交通和高质量消费等。”南非学生大会副主席布伊莱·马蒂瓦内认为，中国将坚定不移深化改革开放，追求高质量发展。

Political Development Advantages are Prominent, and Institutional Efficiency is Fully Released

政治发展优势凸显，制度效能充分释放

African scholars generally believe that China’s social governance and

非洲学者普遍认为，中国的社会治理和民主发展取得了较好的成绩。安哥拉人民解放运动中央政治局委员埃斯特维斯·希拉里奥强调：“对于中国的发展，我们不应仅仅看到中国创造了世所罕见的经济奇迹，也应看到在中国大地上发生的轰轰烈烈的社会革命以及崭新的社会面 貌。”埃 及苏伊士运河大学孔子学院院长、教授大海表示：“中国作为一个拥有56个民族、14亿多人口、5000多年文明史且不同于西方政治体制的国家，对多极世界的民主发展具有重要意义。中国的民主建设经历了独特过程，逐步形成了符合中国国情、具有中国特色的社会主义民主政治，并取得了显著成就。中国的民主制度建设日趋成熟，民主道路越走越宽 广。”谭 哲理认为：“中国在公共治理领域取得的成就经验让其可成为全球发达国家和发展中国家的良师。”“正是在治理体系和治理能力领域，中国强劲发展，提供了人类历史上革命性的制度武器，以推动其改革开放进程。中国共产党的治理模式看起来已经为实现中国的‘两个一百年’奋斗目标做好了准备”,并且“这些目标是明确而连贯的，这是中国的治理体系和治理能力提供给全球的关于政策和法律延续性的经 验”。

In recent years, the development and contribution of whole-process people's democracy has become a new focus of attention for African scholars. Matiwana believes: "The Communist Party of China regards 'whole-process people's democracy' as an important guiding concept, and strives to transform it and related democratic values into effective institutions, and has identified concrete actions to make China more democratic and receptive to other important values." He also specifically analyzed China's basic political system: "First, China upholds the system of people's congresses, through which the people exercise state power collectively"; "Second, there is the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, in which democratic parties can play equally healthy and important roles"; "Third, China has improved the system of regional ethnic autonomy"; "Fourth, China implements the system of grassroots self-governance. It strengthens the public's ability to understand and practice democracy, demonstrating that China's democracy is extensive and genuine." [1]1 The "system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation" refers to the political framework in which the CPC is the ruling party and eight other legally recognized parties participate in governance and consultation. "Regional ethnic autonomy" refers to the system of autonomous areas (regions, prefectures, counties) for ethnic minorities. "Grassroots self-governance" refers to the system of villagers' committees in rural areas and residents' committees in urban areas, which are theoretically elected by local residents. Tan Zhaojie, from a comparative perspective between China and the West and a historical perspective, argues that "China's democracy is significantly different from Western 'democracy'." "China's whole-process people's democracy is defined as 'upholding social fairness and justice, and focusing on resolving the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development'"; "whole-process people's democracy is inseparable from good governance, that is, effectively and efficiently providing public goods and services"; and "China, through its whole-process people's democracy, has demonstrated how to respond to epidemics, how to maintain economic growth, and how to provide basic socioeconomic rights to the majority of its people. Therefore, China's democratic system deserves recognition."

近年来，全过程人民民主的发展和贡献成为非洲学者关注的新重点。马蒂瓦内认为：“中国共产党将‘全过程人民民主’作为一个重要指导理念，并努力将其和相关的民主价值观转化为有效的制度，并确定了使中国更加民主和接受其他重要价值观的具体行动。”他还具体分析了中国基本政治制度：“第一，中国坚持人民代表大会制度，人民代表大会代表人民集体行使国家权力”;“第二，有中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，民主党派可以发挥同样健康和重要的作用”;“第三，中国完善了民族区域自治制度”;“第四，中国实行基层群众自治制度。它强化了公众理解和践行民主的能力，表明中国的民主是广泛的、真实的”。谭哲理则立足中西比较视域和历史视域，认为“中国的民主与西方的‘民主’有显著不同”。“中国的全过程人民民主定义为‘维护社会公平正义，着力解决发展不平衡不充分问题’”,“全过程人民民主与良政善治密不可分，即有效、高效地提供公共产品服务”,并且“中国通过其全过程人民民主展示了如何应对疫情，如何保持经济增长，以及如何向大多数人民提供基本的社会经济权利。因此，中国的民主制度值得肯定”。

Social welfare markedly enhanced, common prosperity steadily advanced

社会福祉显著增进，共同富裕稳步迈进

Beyond fully affirming China’s economic and political achievements, African scholars also focus keenly on China’s advancement of common prosperity. David Monyae, Director of the Africa-China Studies Centre at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa, stated that China is embarking on a new path. Having eliminated absolute poverty and successfully built a moderately prosperous society in all respects, China, upholding the concept of common prosperity, is advancing in the direction of high-quality development. He pointed out that the uniqueness of Chinese-path modernization lies in the fact that China possesses a vast society composed of over 1.4 billion people. The substantive advancement of common prosperity for all the people demonstrates the realization of social justice and the all-round elevation of the people in material, cultural, and ethical dimensions. From this perspective, Chinese-path modernization is fundamentally different from Western modernization. Western modernization is centered on individualism, whereas Chinese-path modernization is based on common prosperity. Rwandan scholar Edmond Kagire emphasized that China’s economic development achievements have been translated into steady increases in ordinary Chinese people’s incomes and continuous improvements in their livelihoods; the purpose of China’s people-centered development thinking is precisely to ensure that the fruits of development benefit everyone. The Communist Party of China is committed to improving the income distribution system in order to promote common prosperity and perfect the social security system. Professor Mamadou Fall of Cheikh Anta Diop University in Senegal believes that “from reform and opening up to the fight against poverty, the Chinese government has always led the people to achieve their own development through struggle; this kind of leadership is worth learning from.” Osidipe stated, “China has successfully eliminated absolute poverty, and by promoting common prosperity it is continuously narrowing the wealth gap and helping low-income groups increase their incomes; this will greatly promote social prosperity and stability.” Abdel Azim Mansour, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Egypt’s *Al-Ahram* newspaper, said, “Chinese-path modernization emphasizes putting the people’s interests and well-being first, and emphasizes common prosperity. The Chinese government has adopted a series of measures to this end, such as fighting poverty, developing the central and western regions, and promoting urban-rural integration, in order to narrow the wealth gap and raise the living standards of all the people.”

非洲学者在充分肯定中国取得的经济、政治成就之外，还着重关注中国共同富裕的推进。南非约翰内斯堡大学非洲—中国研究中心主任戴维·蒙亚埃表示，中国正在走上一条新的道路。在消除了绝对贫困并成功建成小康社会后，中国秉持共同富裕理念，朝着高质量发展的方向迈进。他指出，中国式现代化的独特之处在于，中国拥有由14亿多人口组成的庞大社会。全体人民共同富裕得到切实推进，表明社会正义的实现和人民在物质、文化和道德等方面的全方位提升。从这个维度看，中国式现代化与西方现代化有着根本不同。西方现代化以个人主义为中心，而中国式现代化则以共同富裕为基础。卢 旺达学者埃德蒙·卡吉雷强调，中国的经济发展成果转化为中国普通民众收入稳步增加和民生不断改善，中国以人民为中心的发展思想的目的就是要确保发展成果惠及所有人。中国共产党致力于改善收入分配制度，以促进共同富裕并完善社会保障制 度。塞内加尔谢赫·安达·迪奥普大学马马杜·法尔教授认为，“从改革开放到脱贫攻坚，中国政府始终领导着人民通过奋斗实现自身发展，这种领导力值得学习”。奥西迪普表示，“中国已经成功消除了绝对贫困，并正通过推动共同富裕不断缩小贫富差距，帮助低收入人群增收，这将极大促进社会繁荣稳定”。埃 及《金字塔报》副总编辑阿布勒·阿兹姆·曼苏尔表示，“中国式现代化强调把人民的利益和福祉放在首位，强调共同富裕，中国政府为此采取了一系列措施。比如，脱贫攻坚、发展中西部地区、推动城乡一体化等，以缩小贫富差距，提高全体人民的生活水 平”。

International contributions increasingly prominent, actively promoting world peace and development

国际贡献日益突出，积极推动世界和平发展

African academia generally believes that the enormous economic and political progress of Chinese-path modernization has endowed China with the capacity and space to play a more active role internationally, making a huge contribution to world peace and development. Osidipe stated, “China emphasizes collective interests, multilateralism, and mutual respect. For many years, China, Africa, and other developing countries of the ‘Global South’ have prioritized South-South cooperation, adhering to the principles of sincerity, friendship, equality, upholding the correct view of righteousness and benefit, openness and inclusiveness, mutual respect, and common development.” Peter Kagwanja, CEO of the Africa Policy Institute in Kenya, believes that “China’s concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind is winning hearts and minds in Africa and Asia, and resonates with local cultures and philosophies.” Vuyo Gxekwa of the Durban University of Technology in South Africa stated: “China has always focused on maintaining world peace, promoting global development, and promoting the stability of the international order. China advocates multilateralism and free trade, and opposes unilateralism and protectionism.” Moreover, “In the spirit of promoting sustainable development and alleviating the climate crisis, China actively participates in the international community’s efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement, achieving common prosperity and global development. Through international diplomacy, bilateral efforts, and mutually beneficial cooperation, China has implemented a historic massive infrastructure plan, the Belt and Road Initiative, improving quality of life through infrastructure investment and highlighting the image of a responsible major country.” Monyae believes: “China’s modernization strives to achieve balance, focusing not only on material development but also on cultural and ethical progress. The Western model of modernization has been accompanied by war, plunder, and conquest, as well as ruthless destruction of nature. In contrast, China’s modernization has always emphasized peaceful development.”

非洲学界普遍认为，中国式现代化巨大的经济政治进步赋予中国在国际上发挥更多积极作用的能力和空间，对世界和平发展贡献巨大。奥西迪普表示，“中国强调集体利益、多边主义和相互尊重。多年来，中国、非洲和其他‘全球南方’的发展中国家把南南合作作为优先事项，以真诚、友好和平等为原则，坚持正确义利观、开放包容、相互尊重以及共同发展的原则”。肯尼亚非洲政策研究所首席执行官彼得·卡格万加认为，“中国构建人类命运共同体理念正在非洲和亚洲赢得人心，并与当地文化和哲学产生共鸣”。南非德班理工大学武约·格谢夸表示：“中国始终聚焦于维护世界和平、促进全球发展、促进国际秩序稳定。中国倡导多边主义和自由贸易，反对单边主义和保护主义。”并且，“中国本着促进可持续发展和缓解气候危机的精神，积极参与国际社会推动落实《2030年可持续发展议程》和《巴黎协定》,实现共同繁荣和全球发展。通过国际外交、双边努力和互利合作，中国实施了一项历史性的庞大基础设施计划‘一带一路’倡议，通过基础设施投资提高生活质量，让负责任的大国形象凸显”。蒙亚埃认为：“中国的现代化力图实现平衡，不仅注重物质发展，而且注重文化和道德进步。西方的现代化模式伴随着战争、掠夺和征服，以及对大自然的无情破坏。相比之下，中国的现代化始终强调和平发展。”

African academia unanimously believes that the contribution of Chinese-path modernization to world peace and development has particularly brought tangible benefits to the vast number of developing countries represented by Africa. A research report by the African Center for Economic Transformation, authored by Ghanaian scholar Baffour Osei and others, points out: “There is no African country that does not interact with China, and no country that does not benefit from it.” Kenyan international relations scholar Cavince Adhere stated: “African countries have benefited from China’s peaceful development and continuous reforms; the sustained capital flows, robust trade, and transfer of technology and skills to the African continent are clear evidence.” Charles Onunaiju, Director of the Centre for China Studies in Nigeria, believes: “Infrastructure construction in Africa under the Belt and Road Initiative has shown historic acceleration; therefore, Africa is the region with the most countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative globally.” A research report by the Horn Economic and Social Policy Institute in Ethiopia points out: “China has become Africa’s largest trading partner and one of Africa’s main sources of investment.”

非洲学界一致认为中国式现代化对世界和平发展的贡献尤其让以非洲为代表的广大发展中国家切实受益。加纳学者巴福尔·奥塞伊等执笔的非洲经济转型中心研究报告指出：“没有一个非洲国家不与中国交往，也没有一个国家不能从中受益。”肯尼亚国际关系学者卡文斯·阿德希尔表示：“非洲国家受益于中国的和平发展和不断改革，持续的资本流动、强劲的贸易、技术和技能向非洲大陆转移就是明证。”尼日利亚中国研究中心主任查尔斯·奥努奈居认为：“一带一路”倡议下的非洲基础设施建设呈现历史性的加速度，因此非洲是世界上参与“一带一路”建设的国家最多的地区。”埃塞俄比亚霍恩经济和社会政策研究院研究报告指出：“中国已成为非洲最大的贸易伙伴，成为非洲主要投资来源地之一。”

II. The Success Code of Chinese-Path Modernization from an African Perspective

二、非洲视角下中国式现代化的成功密码

African academia has explored the success code of Chinese-path modernization, attempting to find the answer to “why Chinese-path modernization can succeed” from multiple analytical perspectives, including leadership force, guiding ideology, social subject, political system, policy adjustment, and cultural tradition.

非洲学界探寻了中国式现代化的成功密码，尝试从领导力量、指导思想、社会主体、政治体制、政策调适和文化传统等多种分析视角找出“中国式现代化为什么能够成功”的答案。

Core Force Perspective: The Strong Leadership of the Communist Party of China

核心力量视角：中国共产党的坚强领导

African scholars generally believe that the modernization cause must have a strong leadership core, and the Communist Party of China is precisely the helmsman of Chinese-path modernization. In this regard, some scholars have conducted an overall analysis of the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China. Stephen Ndegwa, Director of the Kenya-based South-South Cooperation think tank and scholar, believes that the Communist Party of China has played an indispensable role in transforming China from a predominantly agricultural, underdeveloped country into a global growth engine. Specifically, the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people’s aspiration for a better life, and their indomitable will to overcome all difficulties and challenges on the path forward are the main reasons for China’s successful elimination of absolute poverty. Professor Humphrey Moshi, Director of the Centre for Chinese Studies at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, stated that the Communist Party of China’s governance consistently adheres to safeguarding the fundamental rights and interests of the people and enabling the people to live with dignity. This is precisely the magic weapon that enables the Communist Party of China to lead the Chinese people to achieve great successes in economic development, epidemic response, and poverty eradication. Charles Nwokot, a researcher at the Centre for China Studies in Nigeria, believes that the Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people to find a development path suited to national conditions. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [2]2 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the Xi Jinping era and the launch of the comprehensive, the Communist Party of China has led the Chinese people to eliminate absolute poverty, making the Communist Party of China, with its history of over a hundred years, even more vigorous. Hilario believes that the Communist Party of China’s democratic centralism ensures long-term political stability in the country, which is also one of the reasons for the disparity in development levels between China and Africa. The secret of China’s success lies in consistently adhering to the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China.

非洲学者普遍认为，现代化事业必须有一个坚强的领导核心，而中国共产党正是中国式现代化的领航舵手。对此，部分学者对中国共产党的坚强领导进行了整体分析。肯尼亚“南南合作”智库负责人、学者斯蒂芬·恩德格瓦认为，中国共产党在把中国从一个以农业为主的欠发达国家转变为全球增长引擎的过程中发挥了不可或缺的作用。具体来看，中国共产党的正确领导、中国人民对美好生活的向往以及在前进道路上克服一切困难和挑战的不屈意志，是中国能成功消除绝对贫困的主要原因。坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆大学中国问题研究中心主任汉弗莱·莫西教授表示，中国共产党治国理政一贯坚持保障人民的根本权益，让人民过上有尊严的生活。这正是中国共产党之所以能够带领中国人民在经济发展、抗击疫情、摆脱贫困等方面取得巨大成就的法宝。尼 日利亚中国研究中心研究员查尔斯·恩沃科特认为，中国共产党带领中国人民找到了符合国情的发展道路。中共十八大以来，中国共产党带领中国人民消除绝对贫困，使具有百余年历史的中国共产党更加生机 勃勃。希拉里奥认为，中国共产党的民主集中制确保了国家政治的长期稳定，这也是中非发展水平悬殊的原因之一。中国成功的秘诀在于始终坚持中国共产党的坚强领导。

Other scholars have delved into the dimension of organizational structure to deeply interpret “why the CPC is capable.” Doumbia stated: “One of the fundamental reasons for the Chinese miracle is often overlooked, namely that China’s political system possesses outstanding stability. And China’s stability benefits from the leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics—the Communist Party of China.” “The CPC is a Marxist political party that adheres to the mass line and always maintains its political character, possessing incomparably strong leadership and a rigorous organizational system.” Specifically, at the level of the leadership core, “the CPC leads Party and state affairs and is the highest political leadership force”; in terms of the appointment and use of Party cadres and members, “the CPC always maintains a broad vision in the process of selecting and appointing cadres, and all Party members have opportunities for training and promotion,” “the CPC has a set of strict procedures in cadre appointment”; in terms of recruiting Party members, “the CPC goes deep into the grassroots to absorb outstanding talents from all social strata,” “in addition to abiding by the law, CPC members must also abide by Party discipline and Party rules that are stricter than legal requirements”; at the ideological level, “the CPC has a complete theoretical research system, involving the Party’s theories, thoughts, principles, organization, and disciplinary systems, and places great emphasis on the ideological education of Party members”; in terms of democratic construction, “the CPC’s people’s democracy has unique superiority, and its purpose is to fully concentrate the wisdom of all people and widely listen to the opinions of the masses.” Therefore, the CPC is the primary factor in the successful advancement of Chinese-path modernization.

另有学者深入组织架构维度，深度诠释中国共产党“为什么能”。敦比亚表示：“中国奇迹的根本原因之一常常被忽视，那就是中国的政治制度具有出色的稳定性。而中国的稳定性得益于中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心——中国共产党。”“中国共产党是一个坚持群众路线、始终保持政治本色的马克思主义政党，具有无比坚强的领导力和严密的组织体系。”具体来看，在领导核心层面，“中国共产党领导党和国家事务，是最高政治领导力量”;在党员干部任用方面，“中共在选任干部的过程中始终保持宽广视野，所有党员均有锻炼和晋升的机会”,“中国共产党在干部任用方面有一套严格程序”;在发展党员方面，“中国共产党深入基层，吸纳社会各阶层优秀人才”,“中共党员除了要遵守法律，还需遵守比法律要求更严的党纪党规”;在意识形态层面，“中国共产党拥有完备的理论研究体系，涉及党的理论、思想、原则、组织和纪律制度等，非常重视党员思想教育工作”;在民主建设方面，“中国共产党的人民民主有独特的优越性，其宗旨在于充分集中所有人的智慧，广泛听取群众的意见”。因此，中国共产党是中国式现代化成功推进的首要因素。

Perspective of Guiding Ideology: Continuously Advancing Theoretical Innovation

指导思想视角：不断推进理论创新

African scholars generally believe that Chinese-path modernization benefits from the unremitting exploration and innovative development of the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and from the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture. Sande Grand, Director of the Belt and Road Initiative Joint Research Center at the University of Zambia, believes: “Chinese-path modernization presents to the world a state governance system, economic model, and driving force for high-quality social development that differ from Western societies. The reason why the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics can succeed is inseparable from the ‘Two Integrations’: integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture.” [3]3 The Global Security Initiative (全球安全倡议) is a foreign policy concept proposed by Xi Jinping in 2022, emphasizing common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and opposing bloc confrontation. Tang Duwang, Secretary-General of the National Resistance Movement, the ruling party of Uganda, stated that the most important reason for the CPC leading China to leap into the world’s second-largest economy is its adherence to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Mumbengegwi, Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front, stated that the CPC has integrated the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s development realities, led the Chinese people in carrying out the socialist revolution, advancing reform and opening up, and steadfastly following the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, achieving great accomplishments. Pius Vilakati, Central Committee member of the Communist Party of Swaziland, head of policy research, and editor-in-chief of the Party journal *Truth*, believes that the successful advancement of Chinese-path modernization is attributable to successive generations of the CPC’s collective leadership adhering to and developing socialist theory in China’s specific practice, continuously revitalizing Marxism, and forging the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Floyd, Deputy President of the Economic Freedom Fighters of South Africa, believes that China’s success is mainly due to integrating Marxism with its own specific realities and fine traditional culture. Under the influence and guidance of Marxism on thought and practice, China’s economy has achieved a leapfrog development in both quantity and quality. Many scholars deeply focus on the navigational role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era for China. Solly Mapaila, General Secretary of the South African Communist Party, stated that the CPC has integrated the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities, established Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and enshrined it in the Party Constitution and the national constitution, further advancing adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Onunaju believes that since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the CPC has achieved remarkable accomplishments in multiple areas, including promoting rectification of Party conduct and strict discipline within the Party, leading the Chinese people to achieve high-quality economic and social development, and promoting the democratization of international relations. The Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era formed in this process is the fundamental guideline for China’s deepening governance transformation.

非洲学者普遍认为，中国式现代化得益于中国特色社会主义理论和实践的不懈探索与创新发展，得益于马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合。赞比亚大学“一带一路”联合研究中心主任桑德·格兰德认为：“中国式现代化向世界呈现了不同于西方社会的国家治理体系、经济模式和社会高质量发展驱动力。中国特色社会主义道路之所以能够成功，离不开‘两个结合’:将马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合。”乌干达执政党全国抵抗运动总书记陶德旺表示，中国共产党带领中国跃升为世界第二大经济体，最重要的原因是坚持走中国特色社会主义道路。津巴布韦非洲民族联盟—爱国阵线外事书记蒙本盖圭表示，中国共产党将马克思主义基本原理同中国发展实际相结合，带领中国人民进行社会主义革命，推进改革开放，坚定走中国特色社会主义道路，取得了伟大成就。斯威士兰共产党中央委员、政策研究负责人、党刊《真理》主编派厄斯·维拉卡迪认为，中国式现代化成功推进，要归功于中国共产党的历代领导集体在中国具体实践中坚持和发展社会主义理论，使马克思主义持续焕发生机活力，走出了中国特色社会主义道路。南非“经济自由斗士”党副主席弗洛伊德认为，中国的成功主要是由于将马克思主义与本国具体实际和优秀传统文化相结合。在马克思主义对思想和实践的影响与指导下，中国经济在数量上和质量上都实现了飞跃式发展。许多学者深度聚焦习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想之于中国的领航作用。南非共产党总书记索利·马派拉表示，中国共产党把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，创立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，并将其写入党章和宪法，进一步推动了马克思主义中国化时代化。奥努奈居认为，中共十八大以来，中国共产党在推进党内正风肃纪、带领中国人民实现经济社会高质量发展、推动国际关系民主化等多个方面，取得了令世人瞩目的成就，在此过程中形成的习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是中国深化治理变革的根本遵循。

Perspective of Social Subjects: People-Centered Approach to Stimulate Creative Vitality

社会主体视角：以人民为中心激发创造活力

African academia, from the perspective of social subjects, has conducted an in-depth analysis of the significant contribution of the people-centered development philosophy to China’s development, believing that this philosophy not only enables the fruits of development to benefit the people but also motivates the people to contribute to the modernization cause. Mosi believes: “There has always been close contact between China’s leadership and the people, and this contact promotes the rapid implementation of decisions.” Tan Zheli believes that China’s modernization path places greater emphasis on the fair distribution of wealth. In China, the people are regarded as “masters of the country.” China has completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and eliminated absolute poverty. People-centered development aims to improve residents’ living standards, increase their income, and ensure that their needs in education, healthcare, housing, and security are met. In China’s medium- and long-term plans, economic growth is intended to enable the people to live a better life. The key to the CPC’s historic achievements lies in making the people’s needs and interests the center of all work. In other countries, the will of the people is crucial during elections. In China, however, the people’s interests are paramount at all times and

非洲学界从社会主体视角出发，对以人民为中心的发展理念之于中国发展的重要贡献进行了深度剖析，认为这一理念不仅使发展成果惠及民众，更使得民众有动力来为现代化事业贡献力量。莫希认为：“中国的领导层和人民之间一直保持密切联系，这种联系促进了决策的快速执行。”谭哲理认为，中国的现代化道路更加注重财富的公平分配。在中国，人民被视为“国家的主人”。中国已全面建成小康社会，消除了绝对贫困。以人民为中心的发展是要提高居民生活水平，增加他们的收入，并且确保他们在教育、卫生、住房和安全等方面的需求得到满足。在中国的中长期规划中，经济增长是为了让人民过上更美好的生活。中国共产党取得历史性成就的关键在于以人民的需求和利益为一切工作的中心。在其他国家，人民的意愿在选举期间至关重要。而在中国，无论何时何地，人民利益都至高无上。正因如此，中国的现代化建设才有了源源不断的动能。卡吉雷强调，中国共产党明确传达了一个中心信息——所有努力都聚焦人民。正如中国领导人多次提及的：江山就是人民，人民就是江山。马蒂瓦内表示，中国共产党的成功可以归功于将人民福祉放在第一位和以人民为中心的发展思想等。加蓬民主党第二副秘书长米歇尔·菲利普·恩泽表示，中国共产党坚持以人民为中心，始终把人民利益放在第一位，这是中国不断取得进步的保证。蒙亚埃表示，中国式现代化的中国特色可以被定义为让本土的价值体系和传统决定现代化的实施和发展，是发展和现代化以人民为中心，而不是为了现代化而现代化。南非约翰内斯堡大学埃德蒙·特雷姆·乌加尔认为，中国共产党坚持以人民为中心，通过保障教育、医疗、宜居、就业、扶贫等措施，让中国人民过上和谐、富裕、幸福的生活，这让他们有信心和力量来助力现代化事业。

Perspective of the political system: a political development path with unique characteristics and advantages

政治体制视角：独具特色与优势的政治发展道路

African academia generally proceeds from an analysis of political institutions, holding that the success of Chinese-path modernization is largely attributable to China’s creation of political institutions suited to its national conditions. They emphasize that the Chinese government assumes the principal responsibility for modernization, drawing up a “roadmap” for the entire country and advancing its implementation. This approach is seen as better able to mobilize resources from all sides and generate powerful momentum. Hilário stated that China’s success lies in basing itself on its own national conditions, establishing a unique political system, and fully mobilizing the subjective initiative and creativity of Party organizations at all levels. Kagwanja argued that China’s democratic political system is fundamentally different from that of Western countries, and precisely for this reason, the social unrest that occurs in African countries deeply influenced by the West could never happen in China. Tandai Zhanje stated that a firm, scientifically sound political system that accords with national characteristics and advantages is the key to the success of Chinese-path modernization. China’s governance system is effective because it suits China’s history, culture, people, and its civilization of over 5,000 years. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the national governance system did not fall from the sky; they grew out of China’s social soil and were formed through the long-term practice of revolution, construction, and reform. China’s political system is fully capable of coping with both external and internal factors and enjoys deep support from the Chinese people. Osidipe stated that China has unswervingly adhered to the principle of responsible governance. From the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the present, China’s experience has demonstrated a sustainable governance model.

非洲学界普遍从政治制度分析入手，认为中国式现代化的成功很大程度上要归功于中国创设了符合国情的政治制度，强调中国政府承担了现代化的主体责任，为整个国家制定现代化“路线图”并予以推进践行，这种方式能够更好地调动各方面的资源，形成强大的推动力。希拉里奥表示，中国的成功在于立足自身国情，创立了独特的政治制度，充分调动了各级党组织的主观能动性和创造力。卡格万加认为，中国的民主政治制度与西方国家截然不同，正因如此，那些在深受西方影响的非洲国家发生的社会动荡绝不可能出现在中国。谭哲理表示，坚定科学合理且符合本国特色与优势的政治制度是中国式现代化事业的成功关键。中国的治理体系之所以有效，是因为它适合中国的历史、文化、人民及其5000多年的文明。中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系不是从天上掉下来的，而是在中国的社会土壤中生长起来的，是经过革命、建设、改革长期实践形成的。中国政治制度足以应对外在因素和内生因素，深得中国人民的拥护。奥西迪普表示，中国一直毫不动摇地坚持负责任治理的原则。从1949年中华人民共和国成立到现在，中国的经验证明了一种可持续治理模式。

Some African scholars have conducted focused investigations of China’s whole-process people’s democracy, arguing that democracy as good governance and effective administration distinguishes Chinese-path modernization from Western modernization. Mahasha Lampedi, Editor-in-Chief of South Africa’s *African Times*, believes that China’s choice of whole-process people’s democracy is based on China’s national conditions and is suitable for China’s development. Uma Tigao, Director of the International Relations Project Department at the South African National School of Government, believes that whole-process people’s democracy prioritizes the people and their interests, giving the people more benefits and greater power. Today’s achievements in China also prove the tangible benefits that whole-process people’s democracy has brought to the people. Busani Ngcaweni, Principal of the South African National School of Government, believes that whole-process people’s democracy differs from Western democracy in that the former can better represent the people’s interests and is suited to China’s national conditions. Kirtan Bhana, Director of the South African Diplomatic Society, stated that over the past few decades, China’s important achievements in various fields are inseparable from whole-process people’s democracy. Mjudi Hlatswayo, a professor at the University of Johannesburg, believes that China’s whole-process people’s democracy is a genuine form of democracy. Dennis Munene Mwangi, Executive Director of the China-Africa Research Center at the African Policy Institute in Kenya, believes that China has a different path of democracy and modernization development. It insists on following a modernization model consistent with its own development goals, reflecting the significant difference between Chinese-path modernization and Western modernization.

一些非洲学者对中国的全过程人民民主进行了重点考察，认为良政善治的民主彰显了中国式现代化与西方现代化的不同。南非《非洲时讯》总编辑马哈沙·兰佩迪认为，中国选择全过程人民民主是基于中国国情，是适合中国发展的。南非国家行政学院国际关系项目部主任乌玛·蒂戈认为，全过程人民民主把人民和人民的利益放在优先位置，让人民有更多的利益和更大的权力。今天中国的成就也证明了全过程人民民主给人民带来的实实在在的好处。南非国家行政学院院长巴萨尼·恩卡韦尼认为，全过程人民民主与西方的民主不同，前者能够更好地代表人民利益，适合中国国情。南非外交学会主任基尔坦·巴纳表示，在过去的几十年里，中国在各方面取得的重要成就，与全过程人民民主是分不开的。约翰内斯堡大学教授莫迪·赫拉特斯瓦约认为，中国的全过程人民民主是真正的民主形式。肯尼亚非洲政策研究所中国非洲研究中心执行主任丹尼斯·穆内·姆瓦尼基认为，中国具有不同的民主和现代化发展道路。它坚持遵循与本国发展目标相符的现代化模式，体现出中国式现代化与西方现代化的显著区别。

Perspective of Policy Adjustment: Clear Strategic Planning and Precise Implementation Pathways

政策调适视角：清晰的战略规划和精准的实施路径

African academia generally believes that one of the important reasons for the many achievements of Chinese-path modernization is the ability to formulate and implement scientific, systematic, and efficient development strategies, plan precise implementation pathways, and simultaneously achieve uninterrupted policy adjustments and reforms in a timely manner, enabling continuous progress in directions that adapt to new realities and fully releasing policy vitality. An analysis report by the South African Institute of International Affairs, regarding China’s population policy, pointed out that since the late 1970s, China has continuously reformed and adjusted its population policy. While fully utilizing an abundant labor force, it has also set about improving labor quality, fully considering the fact that China’s future frontier economic regions would need to be driven by labor quality rather than quantity. Donald Rushabwa, a researcher at the Zimbabwe-China Economic and Cultural Exchange Research Center, stated that at different stages of social development, Chinese-path modernization has different emphases. Before reform and opening up, independence and self-reliance were important elements of modernization; after reform and opening up, developing the economy and enriching the people became important goals; in recent years, China has paid more attention to distributional fairness and also to improving people’s livelihoods. Doumbia stated that China’s political system has excellent stability, which is prominently reflected in the continuity of policy implementation and the controllability of sudden risks, and it helps to fully tap the social, economic, and cultural development potential of the entire country.

非洲学界普遍认为，中国式现代化取得诸多成就的重要原因之一就是能够制定和实施科学、系统、高效的发展战略，并规划出精准的实施路径，同时及时实现政策的不间断调整和改革，使之朝着适应新现实的方向不断进步，充分释放政策活力。南非国际事务研究所分析报告针对中国的人口政策指出，自20世纪70年代末以来，中国持续进行了人口政策改革和调整，在充分利用充足劳动力的同时着手提高劳动力质量，充分考虑到了以后中国的前沿经济地区需要由劳动力质量而非数量来驱动这一事实。津巴布韦中非经济文化交流研究中心研究员唐纳德·鲁沙布瓦表示，在不同的社会发展阶段，中国式现代化道路有不同的侧重点。在改革开放前，独立自主是现代化建设的重要内容；在改革开放后，发展经济、让人民致富成为重要的目标；近年来，中国更关注分配公平，也更关注人民的生计改善。敦比亚表示，中国的政治制度具有出色的稳定性，这突出体现为政策实施的连续性和对突发风险的可控性，并且有助于充分挖掘整个国家的社会、经济、文化发展潜力。

Perspective of Cultural Tradition: The Rich Nourishment Provided by Fine Traditional Chinese Culture

文化传统视角：中华优秀传统文化提供的丰厚滋养

African academia also proceeds from China’s traditional culture, holding that China has drawn on the wisdom of its fine traditional culture in the process of modernization development, thereby creating the continuity and inheritance of Chinese-path modernization. Mansour stated that Chinese-path modernization does not simply copy the Western model but integrates China’s own traditional culture and values to form a modernization path suited to China’s national conditions. Chris Matlhako, National Coordinator of the South African Peace Initiative and former Second Deputy General Secretary of the South African Communist Party, pointed out that China values its own history and traditional culture, adheres to its own traditional political culture, does not accept wholesale Westernization, and explores a development path suitable for itself. Mauritanian scholar Mohamed Saâdi Cheikh Youba believes that China’s traditional civilization of over 5,000 years emphasizes “the unity of heaven and humanity” and “all things have spirit,” [3]3 The Global Security Initiative (全球安全倡议) is a foreign policy concept proposed by Xi Jinping in 2022, emphasizing common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and opposing bloc confrontation. and the relationship between humans and nature is an interdependent dialectical relationship. The Chinese-path modernization path emphasizes mutual benefit and win-win outcomes between humans and nature, strives to properly handle the relationship between economic construction and ecological construction, and adheres to the path of ecological priority and green development.

非洲学界还从中国传统文化入手，认为中国在现代化发展过程中汲取了优秀传统文化的智慧，从而造就了中国式现代化的延续性和传承性。曼苏尔表示，中国式现代化并非简单地照搬西方模式，而是结合了中国自身的传统文化和价值观念，形成一种符合中国国情的现代化道路。南非和平倡议总协调员、南非共产党前第二副总书记克里斯·马特哈科指出，中国重视自身的历史和传统文化，坚守自己的传统政治文化，不接受全盘西化，探索适合自己的发展道路。毛 里塔尼亚学者穆罕默德·萨阿迪·切克·尤巴认为，中国5000多年的传统文明强调“天人合一”“万物有灵”,人与自然的关系是相互依存的辩证关系。中国式现代化道路强调人与自然的互利共赢，努力处理好经济建设和生态建设的关系，坚持走生态优先、绿色发展道 路。

III. The World Significance of Chinese-Path Modernization from an African Perspective

三、非洲视角下中国式现代化的世界意义

African academia believes that Chinese-path modernization has helped China become an important engine driving the development of the world and Africa, a leading force in building a new international order, and marks a major innovation in the theory and practice of world modernization.

非洲学界认为，中国式现代化助力中国成为推动世界和非洲发展的重要引擎、构建国际新秩序的领导力量，标志着世界现代化理论和实践的重大创新。

An Important Engine Driving the Development of the World and Africa

拉动世界与非洲发展的重要引擎

African academia believes that a continuously opening and developing China has become a new global economic growth pole. Monyae believes that Chinese-path modernization helps promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and facilitates the economic development of all countries. Chinese-path modernization and China-Africa partnerships have the potential to reshape the global economic landscape. Major initiatives proposed by China, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Global Development Initiative, promote global connectivity, broadly benefit all countries, and push the world towards becoming a development community. Onunuju believes that the breadth and vision of the Belt and Road Initiative can be regarded as an important milestone in humanity’s exploration of models for international cooperation. The cooperative framework constructed by this initiative enables the pursuit of common interests to accommodate the diversity of human civilizations, becoming a key practice for China to promote the reconstruction of the world economic order. Matiwane stated that a prosperous China will create more opportunities for the world. Tandai Zhanje believes that China, as the world’s second-largest economy, has the capacity to provide alternative solutions to issues such as economic development, environmental protection, climate change, and common prosperity, ultimately achieving world peace and building a community with a shared future for mankind. As the path of Chinese-path modernization broadens, China’s development prospects will inevitably improve and

非洲学界认为，不断开放和发展的中国成为新的全球经济增长极。蒙亚埃认为，中国式现代化有助于推动构建人类命运共同体，促进各国经济发展。中国式现代化和中非伙伴具有重塑全球经济格局的潜力。中国提出的共建“一带一路”倡议、全球发展倡议等重要倡议促进全球互联互通，使各国广泛受益，推动世界成为一个发展共同体。奥努奈居认为，“一带一路”倡议的广度与愿景堪称人类探索国际合作模式的重要里程碑。这一倡议构建的合作框架，使对共同利益的追求能够包容人类文明的多样性，成为中国推动重构世界经济秩序的关键实践。马蒂瓦内表示，一个繁荣的中国将为世界创造更多机遇。谭哲理认为，中国作为世界第二大经济体，有能力为经济发展、环境保护、气候变化、共同繁荣等问题提供替代方案，最终实现世界和平、构建人类命运共同体。随着中国式现代化道路的拓宽，中国的发展前景必将改善并帮助国际社会获得更多利益。

A common view among African academia, based on the actual conditions of the region, is that Chinese-path modernization has raised the scale of China-Africa cooperation and has had a significant effect on Africa’s economic growth. Monyae holds that, against the backdrop of the continuous advancement of Chinese-path modernization and the accelerated development of Africa, African countries have obtained substantial development project funding from China. China promotes technology transfer, fostering African industrialization and capacity-building in various areas. Hassan Hanenje, Director of the Horn of Africa Strategic Studies Institute, believes that the Chinese-path modernization path will help tap the development potential of Africa and Global South countries. Kagwanja holds that Kenya has adopted a “Look East” policy, seeking funding, investment, markets, and technology from China. Through the Belt and Road Initiative, Kenya has achieved extensive policy consultation, infrastructure construction, trade promotion, financial investment, and people-to-people exchanges, thereby realizing economic development. Nigerian policy analyst Ovigwe Eguegu and others believe that China’s Belt and Road Initiative can and should continue to make positive contributions to infrastructure financing. Philani Mthembu, Executive Director of the Institute for Global Dialogue in South Africa, holds that the African continent can use the Belt and Road Initiative to support regional economic communities and the regional continental and maritime connectivity projects agreed upon by the African Union.

非洲学界基于本地区实际情况得出的一个普遍观点是，中国式现代化提升了中非合作的规模，对非洲经济增长作用显著。蒙亚埃认为，在中国式现代化持续推进、非洲加速发展的背景下，非洲国家从中国获得了大量发展项目资金。中国推动技术转让，促进非洲工业化和各项能力的建设。非洲之角战略研究所主任哈桑·汉嫩杰认为，中国式现代化道路将帮助发掘非洲及全球南方国家的发展潜力。卡格万加认为，肯尼亚采取“向东看”政策，向中国寻求资金、投资、市场和技术。肯尼亚通过“一带一路”倡议实现了广泛的政策磋商、基础设施建设、贸易促进、金融投资、人文交流等，实现了经济的发展。尼日利亚政策分析人士奥维格韦·埃格古等认为，中国的“一带一路”倡议能够而且应该继续为基础设施融资作出积极贡献。南非全球对话研究所执行所长菲拉内·姆特姆布认为，非洲大陆可以利用“一带一路”倡议来支持区域经济共同体和非洲联盟商定的区域大陆和海上互联互通项目。

A Leading Force in Constructing a New International Order

推动国际新秩序构建的领导力量

African scholars believe that, beyond the direct effect of boosting the global economy, the deeper value of Chinese-path modernization lies in its ability to push the international order toward a fair and reasonable direction. Matiwane states that China’s national strategy of opening up to other countries in the world, as well as its pursuit of healthy and friendly cooperative relations with other countries, reflects China’s pursuit of peaceful coexistence with all countries in the world. In response to the unstable global situation, China has led and promoted the Global Security Initiative to achieve peace and stability; its main goal is to ensure the creation of a peaceful and stable global environment, ultimately alleviating global uncertainty and allowing people to see infinite opportunities for the future. Senior South African media figure Mogodiri states that the current international environment is rapidly changing, and international relations are being restructured, thereby threatening Western hegemony. In advancing a foreign policy that takes the Peaceful Development Initiative as an important component, China has always firmly upheld the international system centered on the United Nations, resolutely opposed unilateralism and hegemonic acts, and striven to reform existing international multilateral organizations to make them more complete. Monyae holds that Chinese-path modernization is a modernization that follows the path of peaceful development. China seeks its own development while firmly safeguarding world peace and development, and in turn uses its own development to better safeguard world peace and development. Chinese-path modernization will provide the world with a new paradigm that abandons “zero-sum games,” benefiting all parties in jointly promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and achieving global common prosperity. China has always emphasized peaceful development, and the Global Security Initiative it has proposed has contributed important strength to building a global security framework. Zimbabwean international relations scholar Gibson Nyikadzino states that China’s Global Security Initiative provides a new path for the international community to bridge differences, resolve disputes, and jointly address security challenges. Senior Rwandan media figure Gerald Mbanda states that China has always adhered to true multilateralism, emphasizing the resolution of issues through dialogue and consultation. This helps curb unilateralism and protectionism, pushing the international order toward a more just and reasonable direction. Ndegwa holds that, amid uncertainties brought by challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic and widening divisions caused by geopolitical competition, the CPC has reaffirmed the Global Development Initiative and the Global Security Initiative to promote global peace and development. As part of the effort to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, these two initiatives are widely regarded as China’s solutions to the problems facing the cause of world peace and development. Since its proposal, the Global Development Initiative has been positioned as a comprehensive catalyst for advancing the UN Sustainable Development Agenda. This initiative is of significance that cannot be underestimated for a world in distress, because protracted conflicts, the impact of climate change, spreading poverty, and widespread resource shortages threaten to exacerbate existing global inequalities and adversely affect the development potential of many countries.

非洲学者认为，在提振全球经济的直接作用以外，中国式现代化的深层次价值是能够推动国际秩序朝着公平合理的方向发展。马蒂瓦内表示，中国向世界其他国家开放的国家战略，以及追求与其他国家建立健康、友好的合作关系，体现了中国对与世界各国和平共处的追求。针对世界的不安定局势，中国领导和推动了全球安全倡议以实现和平与稳定，其主要目标是确保创造和平稳定的全球环境，最终缓解全球的不确定性，让人们看到未来的无限机遇。南非资深媒体人莫戈迪里表示，当前的国际环境正迅速变化，国际关系正在重组，从而威胁到西方的霸权。在推进以和平发展倡议为重要组成部分的外交政策过程中，中国始终坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，坚决反对单边主义和霸权行径，并着力改革现有国际多边组织以使其更加完善。蒙亚埃认为，中国式现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化。中国在坚定维护世界和平与发展中谋求自身发展，又以自身发展更好地维护世界和平与发展。中国式现代化将为世界提供一种新范式，这一新范式摒弃“零和博弈”,有利于各方共同推动构建人类命运共同体，实现全球共同繁荣。中国始终强调和平发展，中国提出的全球安全倡议，为构建世界安全格局贡献了重要力量。津巴布韦国际关系学者吉布森·尼卡蒂诺表示，中国提出全球安全倡议，为国际社会弥合分歧、化解争端、共同应对安全挑战提供了新路径。卢旺达资深媒体人杰拉尔德·姆班达表示，中国始终坚持真正的多边主义，强调通过对话协商解决问题。这有助于遏制单边主义和保护主义，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。恩德格瓦认为，在新冠疫情等挑战带来不确定性和地缘政治竞争造成的分歧日益扩大的情况下，中国共产党重申全球发展倡议和全球安全倡议，以促进全球和平与发展。作为推动构建人类命运共同体努力的一部分，这两项倡议被普遍视为中国解决世界和平与发展事业所面临问题的方案。自提出以来，全球发展倡议一直被定位为推动联合国可持续发展议程的一个全面催化剂。这项倡议对处于困境中的世界具有不容低估的意义，因为旷日持久的冲突、气候变化的影响、蔓延的贫困和广泛的资源短缺有可能使现有的世界不平等现象更加严重，并对许多国家的发展潜力产生不利影响。

A Major Innovation in the Theory and Practice of World Modernization

对世界现代化理论和实践的重大创新

African scholars believe that the achievements of Chinese-path modernization have powerfully proven to the world that “modernization ≠ Westernization,” enlightening African countries that there is diversity in modernization paths and that Africa should independently choose a modernization path suited to its own actual conditions based on its national circumstances. Yuba holds that Chinese-path modernization has effectively broken the notion of “modernization = Westernization.” Chinese-path modernization not only opens up a uniquely distinctive path of modernization development but also highlights the modern value of Chinese civilization, and moreover has important practical guiding significance, enlightening Africa to follow a path of peaceful development, to take a modernization path suited to its own national conditions, to explore a path of harmony between humanity and nature, and to place the people at the center of development. Monyae holds that, for South Africa and other African countries, Chinese-path modernization has proven the existence of alternative modernization models. First, modernization does not mean Westernization; second, the post-Cold War norms of the International Monetary Fund and structural adjustment programs were never Africa’s only option; third, no matter how attractive Chinese-path modernization is to Africa, it should not be copied wholesale. Africa should find the most suitable aspects of Chinese-path modernization and Western modernization to forge a unique modernization path suited to its own cultural norms and values. Former Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Erastus Mwencha, states that Chinese-path modernization shows that there is no one-size-fits-all development model; each country should choose a path suited to its own national conditions and reality. African countries can both draw on China’s experience and explore development paths suited to themselves based on their own history, culture, and aspirations. Adeshile states that the Chinese-path modernization path shows that countries can rise peacefully and can cooperate with other countries to achieve mutual benefit and win-win outcomes and common development. Mogodiri states that the CPC emphasizes the realization of modernization that follows the path of peaceful development; this plan has both the common features of modernization in various countries and Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions. This plan breaks the Western monopoly on modernization theory and practice. The West believes there is no alternative to its model; Chinese-path modernization challenges their arrogance, debunks this myth, and creates a modernization model in which developing countries value independent development paths. Nwokote holds that African countries share similar historical experiences with China and face common development tasks. It is feasible for African countries to draw on the experience of the CPC and the Chinese government in exploring development paths suited to their own national conditions; Africa should actively learn from China. Tan Zheli holds that the successful experience of Chinese-path modernization construction powerfully proves that there is more than one path to achieving modernization; each country has the right to take its own modernization path based on its national conditions. No modernization model is the only model, nor is there a modernization standard suitable for all countries. The Chinese-path modernization path will encourage South Africa to seek solutions to development challenges based on its own national conditions and value systems, rather than simply copying the development models of other countries.

非洲学者认为，中国式现代化成就向世界有力证明了“现代化≠西方化”,启示非洲国家现代化道路具有多样性，非洲要根据国情独立选择适合自身实际的现代化道路。尤巴认为，中国式现代化有效地打破了“现代化=西方化”的观念。中国式现代化既开辟了独具特色的现代化发展道路，又彰显了中华文明的现代价值，更具有重要的实践指导意义，启示非洲要走和平发展道路，走适合本国国情的现代化道路，探索人与自然和谐相处之路，并把人民放在发展的中心位置。蒙亚埃认为，对南非和其他非洲国家来说，中国式现代化已经证明了替代性现代化模式的存在。第一，现代化并不意味着西化；第二，冷战后的国际货币基金组织和结构性调整计划的准则从来都不是非洲的唯一选择；第三，不管中国式现代化对非洲多么有吸引力，它也不应被全盘照搬。非洲应该找到中国式现代化和西方现代化最适宜的方面，以打造适合自身文化规范和价值观的独特现代化道路。非洲联盟委员会前副主席伊拉斯塔斯·姆文查表示，中国式现代化表明，没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，每个国家都应该选择适合本国国情和现实的道路。非洲国家既可以借鉴中国的经验，也可以根据自身的历史、文化和愿望探索适合自己的发展道路。阿德希尔表示，中国式现代化道路表明国家可以和平崛起，可以与其他国家合作，实现互利共赢，共同发展。莫戈迪里表示，中国共产党强调要实现走和平发展道路的现代化，该计划既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的中国特色。该计划打破了西方对现代化理论和实践的垄断。西方认为除了它们的模式之外别无选择，中国式现代化挑战了他们的傲慢态度，揭穿了这一迷思，创造了发展中国家重视独立发展道路的现代化模式。恩沃科特认为，非洲国家与中国有着相似的历史遭遇，面临着共同的发展任务。非洲各国在探索符合本国国情的发展道路上借鉴中国共产党与中国政府的经验是可行的，非洲应积极向中国学习。谭哲理认为，中国式现代化建设的成功经验有力地证明，实现现代化的道路不止一条，每个国家都有权根据本国国情走自己的现代化道路。任何一个现代化模式都不是唯一的模式，也没有一个适合所有国家的现代化标准。中国式现代化道路将鼓励南非立足自身国情和价值体系寻求发展难题的解决方案，而非简单照搬他国的发展模式。

IV. Main Characteristics of African Academia’s Research on Chinese-Path Modernization

四、非洲学界中国式现代化研究的主要特点

Based on existing research results, African academia’s cognitive evaluation of Chinese-path modernization encompasses multiple dimensions such as characteristics, achievements, causes, and purposes, yielding positive conclusions about the inheritance and transcendence, uniqueness and commonality, and other aspects of Chinese-path modernization. Although some scholars, influenced by a small number of negative public opinions, have biased understandings of Chinese-path modernization, and some scholars, due to the limited time since the concept of Chinese-path modernization was proposed, tend to offer superficial praise of its achievements without conducting theoretical research, most African scholars have reached objective and positive conclusions about Chinese-path modernization, and the overall research also shows a trend of gradual deepening.

依据现有研究成果，非洲学界对中国式现代化的认知与评价囊括了特征、成就、因由和旨趣等多个维度，得出了关于中国式现代化的继承性与超越性、独特性与共通性等诸多方面的积极结论。尽管有些学者受到少数负面舆论的影响而对中国式现代化的认识存在偏颇，也有学者因为中国式现代化概念提出的时间有限而更倾向于对中国式现代化的成就进行浅层赞赏而尚未进行学理化研究，但大多数非洲学者都对中国式现代化得出了客观积极的结论，整体的研究也呈现出逐步深入的特征。

Specifically, in terms of research perspectives, African academia highlights “three comparisons.” First, the dimension of comparison between ancient and modern. African academia deeply excavates the historical lineage and cultural foundations of Chinese-path modernization. They focus not only on China’s current developmental achievements but also on tracing the internal connection between ancient Chinese civilizational wisdom and modern transformation. Through this dimension of comparative research, African academia not only deepens their understanding of the uniqueness of Chinese-path modernization but also further reveals the tension and balance between tradition and modernity, inheritance and innovation in the modernization process. Second, the dimension of comparison between China and the West. African academia conducts an in-depth comparative analysis of Chinese-path modernization and the Western modernization model. They point out that Chinese-path modernization, while adhering to independence, self-reliance, and peaceful development, has achieved rapid economic and social development and significant improvement in people’s living standards, which stands in sharp contrast to the hegemonic expansion and resource plunder under the Western modernization model. This comparison not only highlights the superiority of Chinese-path modernization but also provokes profound reflection on the choice of modernization paths for African countries. Third, the dimension of comparison between China and Africa. African academia strives to explore the commonalities and differences between China and Africa in the modernization process. They find that, despite significant differences in history, culture, and social systems between China and Africa, there is a high degree of alignment in the goals of pursuing modernization and achieving national prosperity. Therefore, they emphasize that both sides can and should, on the premise of mutual respect for differences, share experiences and lessons from modernization construction, achieve complementary advantages, and realize the goal of “jointly advancing modernization.”

具体来看，在研究视角方面，非洲学界突出了“三个对比”。一是古今对比之维。非洲学界深入挖掘了中国式现代化的历史脉络与文化根基。他们不仅关注当下中国的发展成就，更致力于追溯古代中国的文明智慧与现代转型的内在联系。通过这一维度的对比研究，非洲学界不仅深化了对中国式现代化独特性的理解，还进一步揭示了现代化进程中传统与现代、继承与创新之间的张力与平衡。二是中西对比之维。非洲学界对中国式现代化与西方现代化模式进行了深入的比较分析。他们指出，中国式现代化在坚持独立自主、和平发展的同时，实现了经济社会的快速发展和人民生活的显著改善，这与西方现代化模式下的霸权扩张、资源掠夺形成鲜明对比。这种对比不仅凸显了中国式现代化的优越性，也引发了对非洲国家现代化道路选择的深刻思考。三是中非对比之维。非洲学界致力于探寻中非在现代化进程中的共同点与差异性。他们发现，尽管中非在历史文化、社会制度等方面存在显著差异，但在追求现代化、实现国家富强的目标上具有高度契合性，因此，他们强调双方可以并且应该在相互尊重差异的前提下，分享现代化建设中的经验与教训，实现优势互补，以实现“携手现代化”的目标。

In terms of research methods, African academia highlights “four combinations.” First, a combination of macro-level holistic exploration and case-specific analysis. In studying Chinese-path modernization, African academia conducts both in-depth macro-level holistic exploration and case-specific analysis to demonstrate concrete practices. This research method not only helps grasp the overall trajectory and developmental trends of Chinese-path modernization but also reveals the particularities and differences across different fields and regions. In this way, African academia can not only more comprehensively and deeply understand the uniqueness and universality of the theory and practical experience of Chinese-path modernization but also use the specific experiences gained from case analysis to guide their own countries’ modernization practices. Second, a combination of historical, present, and future multidimensional exploration. In studying Chinese-path modernization, African academia focuses on comprehensive exploration from the three dimensions of history, the present, and the future. They deeply analyze the historical origins, developmental stages, and future trends of Chinese-path modernization, thereby revealing the continuity and transformative nature of the Chinese-path modernization process. This multidimensional exploration not only helps understand the historical foundations and practical challenges of Chinese-path modernization but also provides valuable historical experience and forward-looking thinking for the modernization paths of African countries. Third, a combination of institutional analysis and policy interpretation. In studying Chinese-path modernization, African academia focuses both on the construction and operation of institutions and on the interpretation and analysis of policies. They deeply analyze the institutional characteristics and policy effects in the process of Chinese-path modernization, thereby revealing the important role of institutions and policies in driving the modernization process. This research method not only helps understand the institutional advantages and policy orientation of Chinese-path modernization but also provides suggestions for institutional construction and policy formulation in African countries. Fourth, a combination of comparative research and quantitative analysis. In studying Chinese-path modernization, African academia is adept at using methods of comparative research and quantitative analysis. By comparing the modernization processes of other countries and regions, they reveal the uniqueness and universality of Chinese-path modernization. At the same time, they use quantitative analysis tools and survey questionnaires to conduct quantitative analysis of various indicators in the modernization process, thereby obtaining relatively accurate data support and empirical evidence.

在研究方法方面，非洲学界突出了“四个兼具”。一是宏观整体探讨和个案式分析兼具。非洲学界在研究中国式现代化时，既从宏观整体的角度进行了深入探讨，又通过个案式分析展现了具体实践。这种研究方法不仅有助于把握中国式现代化的整体脉络和发展趋势，还能揭示不同领域、不同地区的特殊性和差异性。如此，非洲学界不仅能够更全面、深入地理解中国式现代化理论和实践经验的独特性和普遍性，还更能够通过个案分析所得到的具体经验来指导本国现代化实践。二是历史、现今与未来多维度探讨兼具。非洲学界在研究中国式现代化时，注重从历史、现今与未来三个维度进行综合探讨。他们深入剖析了中国式现代化的历史渊源、发展阶段和未来趋势，从而揭示了中国式现代化进程的连续性和变革性。这种多维度探讨不仅有助于理解中国式现代化的历史根基和现实挑战，还能为非洲国家的现代化道路提供宝贵的历史经验和前瞻性思考。三是体制剖析与政策解读兼具。非洲学界在研究中国式现代化时，既关注体制的构建和运作，又重视对政策的解读和分析。他们深入剖析了中国式现代化进程中的体制特点和政策效应，从而揭示了体制与政策在推动现代化进程中的重要作用。这种研究方法不仅有助于理解中国式现代化的制度优势和政策导向，还能为非洲国家的制度建设和政策制定提供建议。四是比较研究和定量分析兼具。非洲学界在研究中国式现代化时，善于运用比较研究和定量分析的方法。他们通过与其他国家和地区的现代化进程进行比较，揭示了中国式现代化的独特性和普遍性。同时，他们利用定量分析工具、调查问卷对现代化进程中的各项指标进行量化分析，从而获得了较为准确的数据支撑和实证依据。

In terms of research breadth, African academia has achieved “three expansions.” First, expansion of research fields. In studying Chinese-path modernization, African academia demonstrates a relatively broad research horizon, achieving a deep expansion of research fields. They focus not only on traditional fields such as economy and politics but also extend their reach to culture, society, ecology, diplomacy, and other aspects, constructing a comprehensive, multi-angle research framework. This relatively comprehensive research is more conducive for African countries to observe and learn from the experience of Chinese-path modernization from multiple dimensions, achieving coordinated development of the economy, society, culture, and ecology. Second, expansion of disciplinary paradigms. In studying Chinese-path modernization, African academia is not confined by traditional disciplinary boundaries but bravely explores new disciplinary paradigms. They cross the boundaries of multiple disciplines such as political science, economics, and sociology, achieving interdisciplinary integration. While providing new theoretical tools and methodological support, this also promotes innovation and development in academic research and facilitates the exchange and sharing of knowledge. Third, expansion of research methods. In studying Chinese-path modernization, African academia actively conducts cross-disciplinary research, combining quantitative and qualitative research, and employing interdisciplinary research methods, participant observation, big data analysis, case study methods, comparative research methods, etc., achieving cross-application and deep integration of multiple research methods, forming a comprehensive research method spectrum, providing a more comprehensive and in-depth insight into the study of Chinese-path modernization, and demonstrating the openness and innovativeness of academic research. For example, in studying China’s poverty alleviation and rural revitalization strategy, African academia combines research methods from multiple disciplines such as agricultural economics, sociology, and geography to analyze issues such as rural industrial development, changes in rural social structure, and rural ecological protection. This research perspective allows them to overcome, to some extent, the problems of insufficient breadth and depth caused by disciplinary boundaries.

在研究广度上，非洲学界实现了“三个拓展”。一是研究领域的拓展。研究中国式现代化时，非洲学界展现了较为广阔的研究视野，实现了研究领域的深度拓展。他们不仅关注经济、政治等传统领域，更将触角延伸至文化、社会、生态、外交等多个方面，构建了一个全方位、多角度的研究框架。这种相对全面的研究更有助于非洲国家从多个维度观察并学习中国式现代化的经验，实现经济、社会、文化、生态的协调发展。二是学科范式的拓展，非洲学界在研究中国式现代化时没有受限于传统学科边界，而是勇于探索新的学科范式。他们跨越了政治学、经济学、社会学等多个学科的界限，实现了学科之间的交叉融合，在提供了新的理论工具和方法论支持的同时，还推动了学术研究的创新和发展，促进了知识的交流和共享。三是研究方法的拓展。在研究中国式现代化时，非洲学界积极开展交叉研究，将定量研究与定性研究相结合，运用跨学科研究法、参与观察法、大数据分析法、案例研究法、比较研究法等，实现了多种研究方法之间的交叉运用和深度融合，形成了综合性的研究方法谱系，为中国式现代化的研究提供了更为全面和深入的洞察，展现了学术研究的开放性和创新性。比如，非洲学界在研究中国的脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴战略时，便结合了农业经济学、社会学、地理学等多学科的研究方法，以此来分析乡村产业发展、农村社会结构变迁以及乡村生态保护等问题，这样的研究视野让他们一定程度上克服了学科界限带来的广度和深度欠缺的问题。

In terms of research depth, African academia’s understanding and study of Chinese-path modernization has undergone a process of continuous deepening. Based on the history and reality of comprehensive cooperation between China and Africa in economic and trade, concepts, culture, and other aspects, they have arrived at many profound understandings of Chinese-path modernization. Moreover, on the basis of shedding inherent Western positional presuppositions and ideological biases, they gradually draw on the experience and inspiration of Chinese-path modernization, reaching an understanding of exploring modernization paths suited to their own national conditions. Some scholars’ understandings are quite dialectical and forward-looking, and some research results even directly point to policy transformation, guiding their own countries’ modernization construction. Thus, it can be seen that African academia has currently painted a cognitive picture of Chinese-path modernization from multiple angles, multiple levels, and multiple aspects.

在研究深度上，非洲学界对中国式现代化的认识和研究经历了一个不断深化的过程。他们立足于中非在经贸、理念、人文等各方面的全方位合作的历史与现实，得出关于中国式现代化的诸多深刻认识，并且在摆脱西方固有的立场预设和意识形态偏见的基础上，逐步借鉴中国式现代化的经验启示，达成探索符合本国国情的现代化道路的认识，其中一些学者的认识颇具辩证性和前瞻性，甚至有部分研究成果直接指向政策转化，指导本国现代化建设事业。由此可见，目前非洲学界已从多个角度、多个层次、多个方面绘就了关于中国式现代化的认知图景。

More importantly, beneath and behind these research characteristics and trends lies the African academia’s assertion and exploration of the autonomy and independence of Africa’s modernization development. The autonomy and independence of modernization constitute the spiritual foundation for a nation and a country to be confident, self-reliant, and self-strengthening in the modernization process. For a long time, Africa can be described as a region that “contributed early” and “contributed greatly” to the world’s modernization cause yet remains “extremely lagging behind.” The spiritual cause of this contradiction and paradox is precisely the lack of autonomy and independence in Africa’s modernization. Africa’s modernization enterprise started relatively late, and there has also been a problem of blindly copying Western modernization measures and even systems. Regarding the practices and experiences of Chinese-path modernization, if the African academia still unthinkingly and uncritically imitates and applies them without regard for national conditions, the autonomy and independence of Africa’s modernization will remain uncultivated. However, based on existing research materials, the African academia is gradually attempting to break away from the past mindset of blindly copying so-called “advanced experiences,” and is embodying, emphasizing, and integrating the cultivation of Africa’s awareness of autonomy and independence into its propositions. One example of this manifestation is the discussion of the adaptability of Chinese-path modernization experiences to African countries. A consensus gradually reached within the African academia is that Africa’s learning and drawing on the advanced experiences of Chinese-path modernization must consider Africa’s national conditions, must consider African culture, and must proceed step by step. Therefore, although the cultivation of the spirit of autonomy and independence in Africa’s modernization is a long-term process, at the very least, the propositions of the African academia already reflect the attempts and efforts of African countries to move in this direction.

更为重要的是，在这些研究特点和趋向的背后和深处，显现的是非洲学界对于非洲现代化发展的自主性和独立性的主张和探寻。现代化的自主性和独立性是一个民族和国家在现代化过程中自信自立自强的精神根基。长期以来，非洲可谓是为世界现代化事业“贡献较早”“贡献较大”但又“极度滞后”的区域，而这一矛盾和悖论的精神层面的原因便是非洲现代化自主性和独立性的缺失。非洲的现代化事业起步较晚，也存在对西方现代化举措甚至是体制盲目照搬的问题。关于中国式现代化的做法与经验，非洲学界如若依然不假思索、不顾国情地照学照做，非洲现代化的自主性和独立性依然得不到培育。而根据现有的研究资料，非洲学界正在逐步尝试摆脱过去对于所谓“先进经验”一味照搬的思维范式，在主张中体现、强调和融入了对非洲的自主性和独立性意识的培养。这方面的体现范例之一便是对中国式现代化经验对非洲国家适应性的探讨。非洲学界逐步达成的共识是非洲对中国式现代化的先进经验的学习和借鉴必须考虑非洲国情，必须考虑非洲文化，必须做到循序渐进。因此，虽然非洲现代化自主性和独立性精神的培养是一个长期的过程，但至少非洲学界的主张已经体现出非洲国家朝着这一方向迈进的尝试和努力。

China-Africa friendship has a long history and grows ever stronger. Today, China-Africa cooperation has become a leader in South-South cooperation and international cooperation with Africa, and the building of a China-Africa community with a shared future has entered the “fast track.” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The paths to modernization are rich and diverse. The African people have the most say in what development path best suits Africa.” [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the 2024 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation,” September 5, 2024. In the future, China and Africa should further strengthen international exchanges and cooperation on modernization development, grasp the unique advantages of their shared history, long-standing friendship, and mutual companionship for the future, deepen solidarity and collaboration, promote the vigorous development of cooperation in various fields, and continue to set an example for building a community with a shared future for mankind through the effective implementation of the China-Africa community with a shared future.

中非友谊源远流长、历久弥坚。如今，中非合作已经成为南南合作和国际对非合作的引领者，中非命运共同体建设已经步入“快车道”。习近平总书记指出：“迈向现代化的道路丰富多样，什么样的发展道路最适合非洲，非洲人民最有发言权。”未来，中非应进一步加强现代化发展的国际交流与合作，把握好中非历史相近、友谊长远、未来相伴的独特优势，深化团结协作，促进各领域合作蓬勃发展，继续以中非命运共同体实效落地为推动构建人类命运共同体树立典范。