The Long March Spirit Contained in Chen Yun’s Long March Writings and Its Contemporary Value

Chen Yun, as one of the important participants and leaders of the Red Army’s Long March, not only firmly supported Mao Zedong’s correct propositions at the Zunyi Conference, but also, through his writings *A Record of the Western March with the Army* (hereinafter *Record*), *The Outline for Conveying the Enlarged Meeting of the Politburo in Zunyi* (hereinafter *Outline*), and *Report on the Red Army’s Long March and the Zunyi Conference* (hereinafter *Report*), introduced the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army’s Long March and the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, including Mao Zedong, to the world for the first time, providing precious historical materials for later generations to study the Long March and the Zunyi Conference. As General Secretary Xi Jinping stated: “He participated in the Red Army’s Long March.” “His *A Record of the Western March with the Army*” “for the first time propagandized the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army’s Long March to the world.” In recent years, with the deepening of research on the history of the Long March, Chen Yun’s contributions to the Long March have increasingly attracted scholarly attention. Currently, academic research on Chen Yun’s Long March writings mainly focuses on excavating their propaganda role and historical value, while research on the Long March spirit contained within them remains lacking. Therefore, deeply excavating the Long March spirit contained in Chen Yun’s Long March writings has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the connotation of the Long March spirit and activating its contemporary value.

陈云作为红军长征的重要亲历者与领导者之一，不仅在遵义会议上坚定支持毛泽东的正确主张，而且通过他撰写的《随军西行见闻录》（以下简称《见闻录》）、《遵义政治局扩大会议传达提纲》（以下简称《提纲》）和《关于红军长征和遵义会议情况的报告》（以下简称《报告》），首次向世界介绍了中国工农红军长征和中国共产党的领袖毛泽东等人，为后人研究长征和遵义会议提供了珍贵的史料。正如习近平总书记所说：“他参加了红军长征。”“他撰写的《随军西行见闻录》”“第一次向世界宣传了中国工农红军长征”。近年来，随着长征史研究的不断深入，陈云对于长征的贡献越来越受到学界关注。当前，学界对于陈云长征著作的研究主要集中在对其宣传作用和史料价值的挖掘方面，而对其蕴含的长征精神的研究尚付阙如。因此，深入挖掘陈云长征著作中蕴含的长征精神，对于理解长征精神内涵，激活长征精神时代价值具有重要的理论和实践意义。

I. The Long March Spirit Contained in Chen Yun’s Long March Writings

一、陈云长征著作中蕴含的长征精神

The Long March was a great journey of extreme hardship and difficulty. The Long March spirit it nurtured “has been deeply integrated into the blood and soul of the Chinese nation” and “has become a powerful spiritual driving force that encourages and inspires the Chinese people to continuously overcome difficulties and advance from victory to victory.” In this regard, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Long March spirit is “the spirit of placing the fundamental interests of the entire people and the Chinese nation above all else, firmly believing in the revolutionary ideal and conviction, and firmly believing in the inevitable victory of a just cause; the spirit of fearing no difficulties or obstacles, and sparing no sacrifice to save the country and the people; the spirit of adhering to independence and self-reliance, seeking truth from facts, and proceeding from reality in everything; the spirit of taking the overall situation into consideration, strictly observing discipline, and maintaining close unity; and the spirit of closely relying on the masses, sharing life and death, weathering hardships together, and working hard.” This assertion provides specific guidance for our comprehensive understanding of the Long March spirit contained in Chen Yun’s Long March writings.

长征是一段艰苦卓绝的伟大征程，它所孕育的长征精神“已经深深融入中华民族的血脉和灵魂”，“成为鼓舞和激励中国人民不断攻坚克难、从胜利走向胜利的强大精神动力”。对此，习近平总书记指出长征精神就是“把全国人民和中华民族的根本利益看得高于一切，坚定革命的理想和信念，坚信正义事业必然胜利的精神；就是为了救国救民，不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜付出一切牺牲的精神；就是坚持独立自主、实事求是，一切从实际出发的精神；就是顾全大局、严守纪律、紧密团结的精神；就是紧紧依靠人民群众，同人民群众生死相依、患难与共、艰苦奋斗的精神”。这一论断为我们全面理解陈云长征著作中所蕴含的长征精神提供了具体指导。

(1) The Spirit of Firmly Believing in the Revolutionary Ideal and Conviction, and Firmly Believing in the Inevitable Victory of a Just Cause

（一）坚定革命的理想和信念，坚信正义事业必然胜利的精神

The Long March was by no means a simple military transfer, but a great expedition of ideals and convictions. Chen Yun’s Long March writings reveal the supporting role that ideals and convictions played in helping the Red Army overcome difficulties and advance steadfastly. First, ideals and convictions provided ideological guidance for the Red Army to break through the predicaments of the Long March. During the march, the weather was cold, the wind strong, the mountains high, and the paths narrow. The Red Army crossed lofty mountain ranges, trudged through mud knee-deep, and endured the test of harsh natural environments while simultaneously dealing with the enemy’s pursuit and interception. However, relying on their firm ideals and convictions, the Red Army soldiers condensed their high morale into combat strength, and amidst bloody battles, “received more training and grew stronger the more they fought.” Second, ideals and convictions endowed the Red Army with the spiritual steadfastness to overcome inner confusion and wavering. Facing the dual test of body and will, the reason the Red Army officers and soldiers could always remain firm in their faith, high in morale, and indomitable was that they consistently adhered to lofty ideals and believed that they were “struggling for national liberation and the completion of the Soviet revolution throughout China.” This lofty ideal and conviction enabled the Red Army officers and soldiers to consciously transcend personal gains and losses and matters of life and death, integrate their personal destiny into the cause of national independence and revolution, always prioritize the greater good of the country and the nation, and coalesce an invincible spiritual force. Chen Yun’s Long March writings vividly record the magnificent course of the Red Army breaking through encirclements amidst the enemy’s pursuit and interception and forging a path to survival in extremely harsh natural environments, providing a historical basis for us to better understand this spiritual force.

长征绝非简单的军事转移，而是一次理想信念的伟大远征。陈云长征著作揭示了理想信念对于红军克服困难、坚定向前所起到的支撑作用。首先，理想信念为红军突破长征中的困境提供了思想指引。行军途中，天冷风大山高路狭。红军翻越崇山峻岭，在泥深过膝的地方穿行，经受严酷自然环境考验的同时还要应对敌人的围追堵截。然而，红军战士凭借坚定的理想信念，将昂扬意志凝聚为战斗力量，在浴血鏖战中“得到了更多的锻炼，越战越强”。其次，理想信念赋予了红军克服内心迷茫和动摇的精神定力。面对身体与意志的双重考验，红军将士之所以能够始终信仰坚定、斗志昂扬、百折不挠，就在于他们始终坚守崇高理想，坚信自身是“为民族解放和在全中国完成苏维埃革命而斗争”，这种崇高的理想信念，让红军将士自觉超越个人得失与生死利害，将个人命运融入民族独立和革命事业之中，始终以家国大义为先，凝聚起无坚不摧的精神力量。陈云长征著作生动记载了红军在敌人的围追堵截中突破重围、在极端恶劣的自然环境中闯出生路的壮阔历程，为我们更好地理解这种精神力量提供了历史依据。

(2) The Spirit of Fearing No Difficulties or Obstacles, and Sparing No Sacrifice

（二）不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜付出一切牺牲的精神

“The Red Army fears not the trials of the distant march, / A thousand mountains and ten thousand rivers are but as nothing.” This line of poetry is not only a poetic summary of the magnificent course of the Long March but also an artistic expression of the Red Army’s spirit of fearing no difficulties or obstacles and sparing no sacrifice. In his *Record*, Chen Yun reveals the profound connotation of this spirit through descriptions of specific events. When forcibly crossing the Dadu River, Chen Yun recorded that seventeen warriors, carrying weapons and steering boats, “headed for the north bank of the river, regardless of everything.” Even facing the enemy’s dense firepower, they “showed no timidity or hesitation, and advanced courageously” until they reached the north bank, where they “all pounced on the enemy’s fortifications.” This feat made Anshunchang a place of “the Wing King’s tragedy, the Red Army’s victory ground.” [1]1 The “Wing King” refers to Shi Dakai, a prominent leader of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864), who was defeated and captured by Qing forces at Anshunchang on the Dadu River in 1863. When seizing the Luding Bridge by flight, Chen Yun also described the Red Army soldiers who, under the enemy’s fierce attack, “advanced by grasping the iron chains with both hands,” and eventually, under the cover of the vanguard company, the entire army crossed the bridge. These details truthfully recreate the fearless, indomitable fighting spirit displayed by the Red Army amidst a hail of bullets. Furthermore, Chen Yun’s writings also show the process by which this spirit sublimated from individual consciousness into a collective trait. In the Battle of the Xiangjiang River, the 34th Division of the 5th Red Army Corps fought a bloody battle with the pursuing enemy, but the enemy cut off their connection with the main force. To cover the main Red Army force in crossing the Xiangjiang River, in the end, “this division remained in the locality and turned into a guerrilla unit.” [2]2 The Battle of the Xiangjiang River (November–December 1934) was a costly breakthrough battle during the early stages of the Long March, in which the Red Army suffered heavy casualties while crossing the Xiangjiang River under Nationalist attack. Even more movingly, Chen Yun’s writings record scenes where Red Army soldiers wounded on the front line, facing the enemy’s hail of bullets, did not become dejected or cry out, but loudly shouted, “Comrades! Charge hard!” “Don’t worry about me and hinder the battle!” At the same time, in his article, Chen Yun, using the tone of a Nationalist army doctor, exclaimed with emotion: “This is all due to the high morale and bravery of the Red Army soldiers and the utter disregard for personal safety of the Communist Party members.” These records all confirm the Long March spirit of the Red Army fearing no difficulties or obstacles and sparing no sacrifice.

“红军不怕远征难，万水千山只等闲”，这句诗不仅是对长征壮阔历程的诗意概括，更是红军不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜付出一切牺牲精神的艺术表达。陈云在《见闻录》中通过对具体事例的描写，展现了这一精神的深刻内涵。强渡大渡河时，陈云记录下十七名勇士拿着武器驾着船，“不顾一切，向河之北岸驶去”，即便面对敌军密集的火力依然“不稍畏缩，勇往直前”，直至抵达河之北岸，“一齐扑至刘军工事内”。这一壮举使安顺场成为“翼王悲剧地，红军胜利场”。飞夺泸定桥时，陈云又描写了在敌人火力猛攻下“双手抓住铁索前进”的红军，最终在前锋连掩护下全军过桥的场景。这些细节真实再现了红军在枪林弹雨中所展现的不畏生死、一往无前战斗精神。此外，陈云著作还展现了这一精神从个体觉悟升华为集体特质的过程。在湘江战役中，红五军团第三十四师与尾追之敌血战疆场，但是敌人切断了他们与大部队的联系。为了掩护主力红军渡过湘江，最后“这个师便留在了当地，变成了一支游击队”。更为感人的是，陈云著作记述了在火线上受伤的红军，在面对敌人的枪林弹雨时，没有颓丧呼号，而是大声疾呼“同志们！努力冲锋！”“不要顾我而妨害战斗啊”的场景。与此同时，陈云在文章中还假借国民党军医的口吻感叹道：“赤军之士气勇敢及共产党团员之奋不顾身有以致之也。”这些记载都印证了红军不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜付出一切牺牲的长征精神。

(3) The Spirit of Adhering to Independence and Self-Reliance, Seeking Truth from Facts, and Proceeding from Reality in Everything

（三）坚持独立自主、实事求是，一切从实际出发的精神

One important reason for the ultimate success of the Long March was that the Chinese Communists adhered to the principles of independence, self-reliance, and seeking truth from facts to address and resolve the various difficulties and challenges faced during the march. The *Outline* reveals the importance of adhering to the principles of independence, self-reliance, and seeking truth from facts from both positive and negative aspects. First, the writings reveal the harm of dogmatism, which violates the principles of seeking truth from facts and independence. In the early stages of the Long March, “Left” dogmatism, divorced from the reality of the Chinese revolution, turned military command into “armchair strategy,” and “many battle examples committed this error,” causing the Red Army to suffer heavy losses. When Chen Yun reported the Red Army’s Long March to the Comintern, he used the metaphor of the Red Army “as if always advancing in a straight line along a route drawn on paper with a pencil” to vividly explain what dogmatism was, clearly pointing out that the error of dogmatism lay in its detachment from the actual battlefield situation and its violation of the principle of seeking truth from facts. Second, the writings record the entire process by which the Chinese Communists corrected their mistakes with an attitude of seeking truth from facts. The Zunyi Conference convened in 1935 corrected the errors in military strategy, “removed the ‘strategists who commanded with a pencil,’ elected Comrade Mao Zedong to take the lead, and established a strong leading body.” From then on, “the initiative in attack was in our hands, not in the enemy’s hands.” In his writings, Chen Yun emphasized that the Zunyi Conference broke the shackles of dogmatism, “ended the rule of the erroneous line, and resolved not only military issues such as opposing positional warfare and frontal assaults, but also the line issue, making the Party more consolidated and developed politically and organizationally.” Facts have proven that “our Party has certainly committed some errors, but it has corrected them with its own strength.” This was precisely the transformation brought about by adhering to the principles of seeking truth from facts and independence.

长征最终能取得成功，其中一个重要原因在于中国共产党人秉持独立自主、实事求是的原则，来应对和解决长征途中面临的各种困难和挑战。《提纲》从正反两方面揭示了坚持独立自主、实事求是原则的重要性。首先，著作揭示了教条主义违背实事求是、独立自主原则的危害。长征初期，“左”倾教条主义脱离中国革命实际，将军事指挥变成“纸上谈兵”，“许多战役的例子都是犯着这个错误”，使红军遭受了沉重打击。陈云向共产国际汇报红军长征时，用红军“仿佛总是沿着一条用铅笔在纸上画好的路线，朝着一个方向直线前进”的比喻形象地解释了什么是教条主义，明确指出了教条主义的错误在于脱离战场实际，违背了实事求是的原则。其次，著作记录了中国共产党人以实事求是态度纠正错误的全过程。1935年召开的遵义会议纠正了军事战略上的错误，“撤换了‘靠铅笔指挥的战略家’，推选毛泽东同志担任领导，建立了坚强的领导班子”，从此“进攻的主动权掌握在我们手里，而不是掌握在敌人手里”。陈云在著作中强调，遵义会议打破了教条主义的束缚，“结束了错误路线统治，解决的不只是反对阵地战、前线突击等军事问题，而且是路线问题，使党在政治上组织上更加巩固、发展了”。事实证明，“我们的党当然犯过某些错误，但它用自己的力量纠正了”。这正是坚持实事求是、独立自主原则带来的转变。

(4) The Spirit of Taking the Overall Situation into Consideration, Strictly Observing Discipline, and Maintaining Close Unity

（四）顾全大局、严守纪律、紧密团结的精神

“Unity and struggle are the only way for the Chinese people to create historic achievements.” The writings systematically record the spiritual qualities of taking the overall situation into account, strictly observing discipline, and maintaining close unity as demonstrated by the Red Army in military operations, in handling the relationship between the individual and the collective, and in ethnic relations. In terms of military operations, the Long March spirit was externalized as a high degree of organizational discipline. In his *Account of What Was Seen and Heard*, Chen Yun, when describing the skillful crossing of the Jinsha River, stated: the Red Army, relying on only six dilapidated boats, skillfully crossed the Jinsha River, maintaining internal order under limited conditions, “manifested not only in organizational order, but also in the excellent organization of the boatmen.” The “organization of the boatmen” here was by no means a command-style deployment, but rather uniting the boatmen so as to win their active cooperation. As a song goes: “The more the Red Army fights, the stronger it becomes, united like one person.” At the same time, Chen Yun’s related descriptions of the Zunyi Conference also well demonstrate the sense of the overall situation within the Long March spirit. In his *Report*, Chen Yun recorded that the Zunyi Conference, convened by the Party at a life-or-death historical juncture, consistently proceeded from the overall situation of the revolution’s future. It not only “corrected the mistakes of the military leaders in the final stage of the sixth counter-encirclement campaign (the original text reads ‘sixth’; it should be the fifth counter-encirclement campaign) and the first stage of the Western Expedition,” but also “established a strong leading body to replace the past leaders,” inaugurating a new phase in which the Chinese Communist Party independently led the Chinese revolution. Moreover, in his *Outline*, Chen Yun further pointed out that the Zunyi Conference made the Party “more united, set the military leadership on the correct path, and further enhanced the prestige of the Party and the Military Commission.” In terms of ethnic relations, the Long March spirit was manifested in the ethnic policy of “equality for all ethnic groups.” After the Red Army entered Guizhou, it actively united the Miao masses, opposed warlord oppression, and distributed grain, weapons, and other supplies to Miao compatriots, “giving benefits to the Miao people in every way.” These measures enabled the Red Army, “with the help of Han and Miao people, to avoid hunger in this barren region,” demonstrating a spirit of unity and mutual assistance that transcended ethnic boundaries. The Red Army used concrete actions to interpret the connotation of the Long March spirit of taking the overall situation into account and maintaining close unity. As Chen Yun exclaimed in his writings, “The unity of the Red Army’s soldiers and the high morale of their troops are unmatched by any domestic army.”

“团结奋斗是中国人民创造历史伟业的必由之路。”著作系统记录了红军在军事行动、处理个体与集体关系以及民族关系中所体现的顾全大局、严守纪律、紧密团结的精神品质。在军事行动方面，长征精神被外化为高度的组织纪律性。陈云在《见闻录》中记述巧渡金沙江时道：红军仅凭六只破烂之船就巧渡金沙江，在有限的条件下保持内部秩序井然，“除表现于组织秩序外，而同时极好地组织船夫”。这里的组织船夫绝非命令式调度，而是团结船工从而赢得船工的主动配合。正如歌词中写道：“红军越打越有劲，团结像一人。”与此同时，陈云对于遵义会议的相关描写，也很好地展现了长征精神中的大局意识。陈云在《报告》中，记载了党在面对生死攸关的历史关头时召开的遵义会议，始终坚持从革命的前途大局出发，不仅“纠正了第六次反‘围剿’（原文如此，应为第五次反‘围剿’）最后阶段与西征第一阶段中军事领导人的错误”，更“建立了坚强的领导班子来取代过去的领导人”，开创了中国共产党独立自主领导中国革命的新局面。不仅如此，陈云在《提纲》中也进一步指出遵义会议使党内“更加团结，使军事领导走上正确的道路，使党与军委的威信更加提高”。在民族关系方面，长征精神表现为“各民族一律平等”的民族政策。红军进入贵州后，积极团结苗族群众，反对军阀压迫，将粮食、枪械等物资分配给苗族同胞，“处处给苗家以利益”。这些举措使红军“因有汉苗人民之助，故在此贫瘠之区未受饥饿”，展现了超越民族界限的团结互助情谊。红军用实际行动诠释了顾全大局、紧密团结的长征精神内涵。正如陈云在著作中感叹“赤军兵心之团结及士气之旺，为国内任何军队所不及”。

(5) The spirit of relying closely on the masses, sharing life and death, weal and woe, and enduring hardship with them

（五）紧紧依靠人民群众，同人民群众生死相依、患难与共、艰苦奋斗的精神

“The mass line is the Party’s lifeline and fundamental work line.” In his Long March writings, Chen Yun recorded in detail the interactions between the Red Army and the masses, vividly demonstrating the Party and the Red Army’s profound feelings of serving the people and relying on the people in everything. Among these, serving the people in everything was the fundamental principle for the Red Army to adhere to its original aspiration and fulfill its feelings for the people. When passing through ethnic minority areas, the Red Army strictly implemented the ethnic policy of “equality for all ethnic groups,” strictly observed military discipline, and established good relations of trust with the local people along the way. *Account of What Was Seen and Heard* records a scene: an old woman with a child, having paid all her annual harvest as land rent, had no means of survival and collapsed by the roadside from hunger and cold. Mao Zedong, upon seeing this, stepped forward to inquire about the reason, then took off a woolen sweater from his own body, took a cloth sheet from his luggage to give to the old woman, and instructed his attendants to give her a bushel of white rice. The old woman was deeply moved, “repeatedly thanking him and leaving with a smile.” These vivid details fully confirm that the Red Army, from beginning to end, cared about the suffering of the common people and always prioritized safeguarding their vital interests. The support and endorsement of the masses were the foundation of strength for the Red Army to overcome difficulties and forge ahead. When reporting to the international community, Chen Yun clearly pointed out that one reason for the Red Army’s victory was that “wherever we went, we received the support of the masses.” In terms of grain supply, the supplies needed by the Red Army “were basically provided voluntarily by the people of various places”; in terms of caring for the wounded, the Red Army entrusted wounded soldiers who could not easily move with the army to the care of local people along the way. After their wounds healed, the people actively escorted them back to the army. As recorded in his writings, “the common people treated our wounded soldiers very well.” It was this conscious adherence to caring for and uniting the masses that enabled the Red Army to win the heartfelt support and strong assistance of the people along the Long March, laying a solid mass foundation for the ultimate great victory of the Long March.

“群众路线是我们党的生命线和根本工作路线。”陈云在其长征著作中，翔实记载了红军与人民群众的往来互动，生动展现了党和红军一切为了群众、一切依靠群众的深厚为民情怀。其中，一切为了群众，是红军坚守初心、践行为民情怀的根本遵循。在途经民族地区时，红军严格执行“各民族一律平等”的民族政策，严格遵守军队纪律，与沿途百姓间建立起了良好的信任关系。《见闻录》中记载了这样一个场景：途中一位老妇带着孩童，因全年收成尽数缴纳地租，无以为生，饥寒交迫而瘫倒路旁。毛泽东见状上前询问缘由，随后从身上脱下一件毛衣，并从行李中取出一条布被单送给老人，并吩咐随行人员送去一斗白米，老妇深受感动，“连连道谢含笑而去”。这些鲜活细节充分印证，红军自始至终心系百姓疾苦，始终把维护群众切身利益摆在突出位置。人民群众的拥护与支持，是红军攻坚克难、砥砺前行的力量根基。陈云在向国际社会汇报时明确指出，红军能够取得胜利的原因之一是“我们所到之处都得到了群众的支持”。粮食补给方面，红军所需物资“基本上靠各地人民自愿供给我们”；伤员安置方面，红军把不便随军转移的伤员托付给沿途百姓照料，待伤势痊愈后，百姓又主动将其护送归队，正如其文中记述，“老百姓对待我们的伤员很好”。正是这种心系群众、团结群众的自觉坚守，让红军在长征途中赢得了沿途民众的衷心拥护与大力支持，为长征最终取得伟大胜利筑牢了坚实的群众根基。

2. The Contemporary Value of Chen Yun’s Long March Writings

二、陈云长征著作的当代价值

“History is the best textbook and also the best sobering agent.” Chen Yun’s Long March writings are not only important historical materials for studying the Red Army’s Long March but also an effective carrier for deeply grasping the Long March spirit. Their contemporary value lies not only in providing authentic and credible documentary evidence for our understanding of the Long March spirit but also in the rich spiritual connotations contained within, offering important support for us to inherit and promote the Long March spirit and to take the Long March of the New Era well.

“历史是最好的教科书，也是最好的清醒剂。”陈云长征著作既是研究红军长征的重要史料，也是深刻把握长征精神的有效载体。其当代价值不仅在于它为我们理解长征精神提供了真实可信的文献依据，还在于蕴含其中的丰富精神内涵，为我们继承弘扬长征精神，走好新时代的长征路提供了重要支撑。

(1) Providing Precious Historical Materials, Laying a Historical Foundation for Accurately Understanding the Long March Spirit

（一）提供珍贵史料，为准确理解长征精神筑牢历史之基

“A person cannot stand without spirit, and a country cannot be strong without spirit.” As an important component of the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, the spiritual characteristics of the Long March spirit have been deeply integrated into the bloodline of the Chinese nation. Chen Yun’s Long March writings, using authentic and credible historical materials, provide powerful assistance for us to accurately understand the Long March spirit; using simple and vivid language, they concretize the abstract spirit, enabling readers to intuitively feel the unique charm of the Long March spirit and expand people’s depth of understanding of the Long March spirit.

“人无精神则不立，国无精神则不强。”长征精神作为中国共产党人精神谱系的重要组成部分，其精神特质已深深融入中华民族的血脉之中。陈云长征著作用真实可信的史料，为我们准确理解长征精神提供有力帮助；用朴实生动的语言将抽象的精神具象化，使读者能够直观感受长征精神的独特魅力，拓展人们对长征精神的认识深度。

On the one hand, Chen Yun’s Long March-related writings, based on his personal experience, provide precious and authoritative historical material support for interpreting and promoting the Long March spirit. As a participant in the Long March, Chen Yun explained the purpose of the Long March in his writings, analyzed the reasons for the early setbacks of the Long March, and also analyzed the reasons for the victory of the Long March. Chen Yun’s Long March writings are among the earliest important documents introducing the Red Army’s Long March, becoming the most precious materials for later generations to study the history of the Long March and the Zunyi Conference. Regarding the preparatory work in the early stage of the Long March, Chen Yun recorded in his *Report* that they had preemptively “trained a group of basic cadres and backbone troops” and “raised 600,000 piculs of grain for the Red Army’s consumption in the initial stage of the Western Expedition.” [3]3 A *picul* (担, *dan*) is a traditional Chinese unit of weight, approximately 60 kilograms or 133 pounds. In addition, the writings also contain a large number of accounts of the specific process of the Red Army overcoming difficulties during the Long March, vividly interpreting the Red Army’s precious character of adhering to the principle of seeking truth from facts and courageously correcting its own mistakes. In his *Report*, Chen Yun frankly stated that due to insufficient political mobilization in the early stage of the Long March, “there was not enough explanatory work done within the Party, the army, and among the masses,” resulting in “these young soldiers not understanding the purpose and prospects of our transfer.” The Party and the Red Army promptly identified the problem and quickly adjusted and improved. After entering the second stage of the Long March, the vast majority of Red Army soldiers had already understood the goals and direction of the Western Expedition, clarifying the combat mission of “We must fight our way to Guizhou, ‘capture Wang Jialie alive.’” [4]4 Wang Jialie (王家烈, 1893–1966) was a Guizhou warlord who served as the chairman of Guizhou province and commander of the 25th Nationalist Army during the early 1930s. This consciousness and responsibility of daring to face problems and courageously correct mistakes profoundly interprets the core essence of the Long March spirit of adhering to seeking truth from facts and being practical and realistic.

一方面，陈云依据亲身经历撰写的长征相关著作，为阐释和弘扬长征精神提供了珍贵而权威的史料支撑。作为长征的亲历者，陈云在其著作中说明了长征的目的，分析了长征前期失利的原因，也分析了长征取得胜利的原因。陈云长征著作是最早介绍红军长征的重要文献，成为后人研究长征和遵义会议历史最珍贵的资料。关于长征前期筹备工作，陈云在《报告》中记录为，预先“培养了一批基本干部和部队的骨干”，并“筹集了六十万担粮食，供红军西征开始阶段食用”。此外，著作中还大量记述了红军长征途中攻坚克难的具体历程，生动诠释了红军坚持实事求是原则、勇于纠正自身错误的宝贵品格。陈云在《报告》中直言，长征初期因政治动员不够充分，“在党内、军内和群众中间没有进行足够的解释工作”，致使“这些青年战士不明了我们转移的目的与前途”。党和红军及时发现问题、迅速调整完善，进入长征第二阶段后，广大红军战士已然明晰西征的目标和方向，明确了“我们要打到贵州去，‘活捉王家烈’”的作战任务。这种敢于直面问题、勇于修正错误的自觉和担当，深刻诠释了长征精神中坚持实事求是、求真务实的核心要义。

On the other hand, the language of Chen Yun’s Long March writings is simple and unadorned, and the narrative is down-to-earth and accessible, providing convenient conditions for the public to understand and identify with the Long March spirit. Chen Yun’s writings abandon hollow and rigid preaching models, recording the historical facts of the Long March with an easy-to-understand and popular narrative style. For example, the anecdote of Long Yun presenting maps recorded in *Account of What Was Seen and Heard*: Long Yun, the Yunnan warlord, intended to send a vehicle to transport urgently needed military maps and a large quantity of military supplies to Xue Yue’s [5]5 Xue Yue (薛岳, 1896–1998) was a prominent Nationalist (Kuomintang) general who commanded forces pursuing the Red Army during the Long March. unit of the Nationalist Central Army, but did not expect that Qujing had already been surrounded by the Red Army. The transported supplies and accompanying guards were all intercepted by the Red Army. Afterwards, “the military maps, instead of reaching Xue Yue, were used by the Red Army to cross the Jinsha River,” and the related precious materials were all enjoyed by the Red Army, so much so that “whenever Red Army soldiers talked about this, they all laughed heartily.” This vivid narrative concretizes the Red Army’s revolutionary optimism, which remained open-minded and cheerful even in difficult and dangerous situations, enabling readers to deeply comprehend the Long March spirit contained within while reading the historical facts. Thus, Chen Yun’s Long March writings, with their simple and plain language and vivid and lively narrative techniques, enhance the infectiousness and penetrating power of the historical narrative, thereby helping the public to understand the Long March spirit more profoundly.

另一方面，陈云长征著作语言通俗质朴、叙事平实接地气，为大众理解和认同长征精神提供了便利条件。陈云著作摒弃空洞生硬的说教模式，以通俗易懂、喜闻乐见的叙事笔法记述长征史实。例如《见闻录》中记载的龙云献图典故：云南军阀龙云本想派车，向国民党中央军薛岳部运送急需的军用地图及大批军需物资，却未曾料到曲靖已被红军包围，所运物资及随行卫兵尽数被红军截获。事后，“军用地图未交薛岳反而被赤军用以渡过金沙江”，相关珍贵物资均为红军享受，以至于“赤军兵士每谈至此，皆为捧腹”。这一鲜活叙事，将红军身处艰难险境却依旧豁达开朗的革命乐观主义精神具象化，使读者在品读史实过程中，深刻体悟蕴含其中的长征精神。由此可见，陈云长征著作以质朴平实的语言、生动鲜活的叙事手法，增强了历史叙事的感染力和穿透力，进而帮助大众更为深刻地理解长征精神。

(2) Preserving Red Memories, Infusing Emotional Strength into Inheriting and Promoting the Long March Spirit

（二）留存红色记忆，为传承和弘扬长征精神注入情感之力

“A nation that does not remember its path has no future.” The Long March spirit is a precious spiritual treasure of the Chinese nation. Passing on and carrying forward the great Long March spirit is the inherent requirement and spiritual support for us to remain true to our original aspiration, carry forward the cause into the future, and march well on the Long March of the New Era. Chen Yun, with his deeply affectionate writing, recorded the historical facts of the Long March and fixed the memory of the Long March, providing vivid historical materials for later generations to remember the path of history and continue the red roots, and also injecting powerful emotional strength for inheriting and carrying forward the Long March spirit and striving forward with vigor in the New Era.

“一个不记得来路的民族，是没有出路的民族。”长征精神是中华民族宝贵的精神财富。传承和弘扬伟大长征精神，是我们不忘初心、继往开来，走好新时代长征路的内在要求与精神支撑。陈云以饱含深情的文字记录长征史实、定格长征记忆，为后人铭记历史来路、赓续红色根脉提供了鲜活史料，也为新时代传承弘扬长征精神、砥砺奋进注入了强大的情感力量。

On the one hand, the detailed historical facts recorded in Chen Yun’s Long March writings provide concrete behavioral references for inheriting and carrying forward the Long March spirit in the contemporary era. The Long March spirit is not an abstract and empty theoretical sermon, but a spiritual gem embedded in the countless touching historical facts and heroic deeds of the Long March. In his *Record of What Was Seen and Heard* [6]6 *Record of What Was Seen and Heard* (《见闻录》): A work by Chen Yun recounting his experiences and observations during the Long March., Chen Yun recorded that within the Red Army, “they truly shared hardships with the soldiers,” whether it was “complete equality in food and drink” or the fact that officers “wore the same clothes as the soldiers,” all reflecting that “the leaders of the Red Army were especially close to the soldiers.” Moreover, the Red Army soldiers “loved each other dearly,” to the extent that “those who did not know could not tell who was the army commander and who was the division commander.” At the same time, the Red Army had strict discipline and a clean style of work, with bad habits such as gambling and opium smoking banned within the army, and “there was no report of officers being corrupt or embezzling military supplies.” These authentic records directly show the good image of equality between officers and soldiers, excellent conduct, and clean and self-disciplined cadres within the Red Army, providing a practical model for contemporary people to understand the Long March spirit and practice fine traditions. In addition, the writings provide a detailed account of the Red Army’s march crossing the Laoshanjie mountain range, vividly depicting the Red Army’s indomitable and tenacious fighting spirit in extremely harsh environments. During the Long March, the terrain was perilous, and the Red Army crossed one high mountain after another, presenting a difficult marching scene of “climbing high mountains one after another, everyone panting and drenched in sweat.” To boost the morale of the troops, the Political Department’s propaganda team used a gramophone to play music, thereby encouraging the army’s spirit. The troops, amidst the songs, “reached the highest peak of the mountain, and everyone was elated and their spirits were uplifted.” This passage truthfully restores the severe tests of body and will that the Red Army faced when crossing the towering mountains, highlighting the Red Army’s revolutionary optimism, which feared no hardship and was full of vigor. Chen Yun’s Long March writings, with many authentic and vivid examples, concretize the abstract Long March spirit, inspiring people to face various risks and challenges, maintain composure, and move forward firmly.

一方面，陈云长征著作所载的翔实史实，为当代继承弘扬长征精神提供了具象化的行为参照。长征精神并非抽象空洞的理论说教，而是蕴藏在长征无数感人史实与英雄事迹之中的精神瑰宝。陈云在《见闻录》中记载，红军内部“真是与兵士同甘苦”，无论是“饮食一律平等”，还是军官“所穿之衣服与兵士相同”，都体现出“赤军领袖与兵士特别接近”。不仅如此，红军之间还“相亲相爱”，以至于“不知者不识谁为军长、谁为师长”。与此同时，红军纪律严明、作风清正，军中杜绝赌博、吸食鸦片等不良习气，“未闻有军官贪污及克扣军需者”。这些真实记载直观展现出红军内部官兵平等、作风优良、干部廉洁自律的良好风貌，为当代人体悟长征精神、践行优良传统提供了实践范本。此外，著作翔实记述了红军翻越老山界的行军经历，生动刻画了红军身处极端恶劣环境下坚韧不拔、顽强拼搏的奋斗精神。长征途中地势险峻，红军接连翻越重重高山，出现“这样一个又一个地爬着高山，大家不停喘气和汗流浃背”的艰难行军景象。为提振队伍士气，政治部宣传队借助留声机播放乐曲，以此鼓舞军心。部队在歌声中“到了山之最高顶，大家就兴高采烈，精神也兴奋了”。这段文字真实还原了红军翻越崇山峻岭时，身体和意志经受的严峻考验，彰显了红军不畏艰险、昂扬向上的革命乐观主义精神。陈云长征著作以诸多真实鲜活的事例，将抽象的长征精神具象化，激励人们直面各类风险挑战，保持定力，坚定向前。

On the other hand, Chen Yun’s Long March writings, through historical details full of warmth, deepen the public’s emotional identification with the Long March spirit. This warmth is first reflected in the sincere humanistic care within the Red Army. The *Record of What Was Seen and Heard* records that Xu Teli [7]7 Xu Teli (徐特立, 1877–1968): A Chinese educator and revolutionary, known as one of the “Five Elders” of the Chinese Communist Party; he participated in the Long March at an advanced age. “originally had a horse, but halfway, knowing that the wounded lacked mules and horses, Xu actually gave it to the wounded in the Health Department, and he himself walked.” As for prisoners, not only did “Zhu De personally convene talks and offer much comfort,” but they were also allowed to freely choose to stay or leave: “those willing to stay in the Red Army stayed, and those unwilling were given travel expenses and sent out of the Red Army area.” These accounts break the false rumors spread by the Kuomintang reactionaries to slander the Red Army, directly showing the Red Army’s “good moral character and strict organizational discipline,” fully displaying the emotional warmth of the revolutionary ranks. Secondly, this emotion is also reflected in the unity and friendship between the Red Army and ethnic minorities. When passing through the Yi ethnic group’s聚居区 [8]8 The original Chinese term is “聚居区” (jùjūqū), meaning a compact community area, here referring to the Yi ethnic group’s traditional settlement region., the Red Army and the Yi chieftain swore a blood oath, “the ‘Guji’ tribe of Yi people not only did not attack the Red Army, but were instead incorporated by the Red Army as a ‘Red Army Guerrilla Detachment’.” Sincere treatment dissolved ethnic barriers, so that “when the entire Red Army passed through this Yi mountain, the Yi people led cattle and sent sheep to welcome the Red Army by the roadside. The Red Army gave leather coats, old guns, salt, and cloth to the Yi people.” The sincere and friendly interaction between the Red Army and ethnic minorities profoundly interprets the concept of ethnic unity and the bond between the army and the people in the Long March spirit, laying a solid emotional foundation for passing on the Long March spirit.

另一方面，陈云长征著作通过饱含温情的历史细节，深化了大众对长征精神的情感认同。这份温情首先体现在红军内部真挚的人文关怀上。《见闻录》记载，徐特立“本有一马，但半途因知伤兵缺乏驴马，徐竟转送给卫生部之伤兵，而其本人则步行”。对待俘虏，不仅由“朱德亲自召集谈话，多方安慰”，还让其自由选择去留，“愿留赤军者留在赤军，不愿者就给川资送出赤军区域”。这些记述打破了国民党反动派抹黑红军的不实谣言，直观展现了红军具有的“良好的道德品质和严格的组织纪律”，尽显革命队伍的情感温度。其次，这种情感也体现在红军与少数民族的团结友善上。途经彝族聚居区时，红军与彝族首领歃血为盟，“‘沽鸡’一部落彝民非但不打赤军，而反被赤军收编作‘红军游击支队’”。真诚相待消解了民族隔阂，使得“赤军全部过此彝民山时，彝民则牵牛送羊欢迎赤军于道旁。赤军则以皮衣、旧枪、盐、布送彝民”。红军与少数民族之间真诚友善的互动，深刻诠释了长征精神中的民族团结理念与军民鱼水情谊，为传承长征精神筑牢了情感根基。

(III) Relying on Vivid Texts to Expand Communication Channels for Widely Promoting the Long March Spirit

（三）依托鲜活文本，为广泛弘扬长征精神拓展传播途径

“No matter what stage our cause reaches, no matter what achievements we make, we must vigorously promote the great Long March spirit,” and “persistently carry it forward and pass it down from generation to generation.” The enduring transmission of the Long March spirit cannot be separated from the support of effective carriers. Chen Yun’s Long March writings are not only an important textual basis for promoting the Long March spirit but also broaden the practical path for promoting the Long March spirit in the New Era.

“不论我们的事业发展到哪一步，不论我们取得了多大成就，我们都要大力弘扬伟大长征精神”，并“坚持不懈地发扬光大，把长征精神一代一代传下去”。长征精神的永续传承，离不开有效载体的支撑。陈云长征著作既是弘扬长征精神的重要文本依托，也为新时代弘扬长征精神拓宽了实践路径。

On the one hand, Chen Yun’s Long March writings broke down information barriers at home and abroad, broadened the scope of dissemination of the Long March spirit, and provided useful reference for telling China’s story well to the outside world and building China’s discourse system in the contemporary era. At the domestic level, the *Record of What Was Seen and Heard* objectively portrays the images of figures, recording that Mao Zedong “seemed like a scholar, often wearing a gray cloth student uniform, in his spare time holding Tang poetry in hand, very eloquent” and treating others modestly; Zhu De “at first glance was clearly a military man, nearly fifty years old, wearing a gray cloth military uniform, although suffering from malaria, he still worked hard at his duties,” with no hint of arrogance in his speech. The plain and modest descriptions of the two revolutionary leaders restore the simple and approachable original appearance of the Red Army leaders, helping to change the outside world’s inherent prejudice and stereotype of the Red Army. At the international level, the *Report* [9]9 *Report* (《报告》): Likely refers to Chen Yun’s report on the Long March delivered to the Communist International in Moscow in 1935, later published as *A Report on the Long March of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army*. systematically sorted out the key nodes and important processes of the Long March, enabling the Communist International to understand the true situation of the Long March. The Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Communist International highly praised it: “This is extremely precious and very important material; for many years we have not had such material from foreign parties.” The writings showed the world a vivid image of “a truly vibrant party that has grown into a huge force in China.” The writings truthfully recorded the Red Army’s strong organizational power and tenacious will and character demonstrated in adversity, winning understanding, praise, and support from the international community for the Long March. These writings played an important role at the time in connecting internal and external audiences and winning recognition, enhancing the dissemination and influence of the Long March and its spirit, and also providing valuable reference for breaking the Western discourse hegemony and presenting China’s image to the world in a three-dimensional way in the present.

一方面，陈云长征著作打破了国内外信息壁垒，拓宽了长征精神的传播范围，为当代对外讲好中国故事、构建中国话语体系提供了有益借鉴。在国内层面，《见闻录》客观刻画人物形象，记述毛泽东“似乎一介书生，常衣灰布学生装，暇时手执唐诗，极善词令”且待人谦和；朱德“则一望而知为武人，年将五十，身衣灰布军装，虽患疟疾，但仍力疾办公”，言谈毫无傲慢之意。对两位革命领袖平实谦逊的描写，还原了红军领导人质朴亲和的本来面貌，有助于改变外界对红军的固有偏见与刻板印象。在国际层面，《报告》系统梳理长征关键节点和重要进程，使共产国际得以了解长征的真实情况。共产国际执委会书记处书记对此高度评价：“这是极其珍贵和十分重要的材料，多年来我们还不曾有外国党的这类材料。”著作向世界展现出“一个确实在中国成长为一支巨大力量的生气勃勃的党”的鲜明形象。著作真实记录了红军在困境中彰显的强大组织力和顽强意志品格，为长征赢得了国际社会的理解、赞誉与支持。这些著作在当时起到了融通内外、争取认同的重要作用，提升了长征及其精神的传播力与影响力，也为当下打破西方话语霸权、向世界立体展现中国形象提供了宝贵参照。

On the other hand, Chen Yun’s Long March writings, with vivid and intuitive typical cases, provide important educational models for promoting the Long March spirit in the contemporary era. The writings condense concrete and perceptible historical stories into “important teaching materials for conducting education on ideals, morality, and discipline for our descendants.” The *Record of What Was Seen and Heard* records the historical facts of the Red Army winning over the people’s hearts when passing through the Xiyan Mountains, providing a vivid example for promoting the Long March spirit. Guangxi warlords sent people disguised as Red Army soldiers to set fire to houses and grain in the town. After seeing through the plot, the Red Army took the initiative to help the people extinguish the fire and used money confiscated from local tyrants to relieve the affected people, thereby winning the people’s hearts and attracting more than a hundred local people to enthusiastically join the Red Army. As the book exclaims: the warlords’ evil deeds instead “helped the Red Army win the people’s hearts.” This case profoundly interprets the true meaning of “deep bond between the army and the people,” highlights the Red Army’s original aspiration of serving the people in the face of the enemy’s slander and defamation, and provides vivid material for Party history learning and education, practicing the mass line, and uniting the people’s hearts and public opinion. The *Record of What Was Seen and Heard* also points out that the Red Army gained popular support not by coercive means, but by adhering to discipline, not disturbing the people, not touching a blade of grass among the people, and “often confiscating the property of warlords, bureaucrats, and local bullies and distributing it to the residents.” The Red Army transformed abstract military discipline into concrete actions visible and perceptible to the masses, highlighting the essential difference between the people’s army and the old-style army, profoundly clarifying the fundamental logic of the Red Army winning the people’s hearts, and is highly persuasive and infectious. The writings integrate the Long March spirit into real narratives, allowing concrete plots to permeate people’s hearts, demonstrating enduring practical educational value.

另一方面，陈云长征著作以生动直观的典型案例，为当代弘扬长征精神提供了重要的教育范本。著作将具象可感的历史故事，凝练为“对我们的子孙后代进行理想、道德和纪律教育的重要教材”。《见闻录》记载红军途经西延山脉争取民心的史实，为弘扬长征精神提供了生动范例。广西军阀派人假冒红军纵火烧毁镇上房屋与粮食，红军识破阴谋后，主动协助百姓灭火，并用没收土豪的钱财救济受灾群众，由此赢得民心，吸引百余名当地群众踊跃加入红军队伍。正如书中感叹：军阀的恶行反而“助赤军以取得民心乎”。这一案例深刻诠释了“军民鱼水情深”的真谛，彰显了红军面对敌人的造谣污蔑时，始终坚守为民初心的宗旨本色，也为党史学习教育、践行群众路线、凝聚民心民意提供了鲜活的素材。《见闻录》还指出，红军获得民众支持并非依靠强制手段，而是凭借守纪律、不扰民、不动民间一草一木，且“常常没收军阀、官僚、劣绅的财物，散给居民”。红军将抽象军纪转化为群众看得见、感受得到的实际行动，凸显了人民军队与旧式军队的本质区别，深刻阐明了红军赢得民心的根本逻辑，极具说服力与感染力。著作把长征精神融入真实叙事中，使具象情节浸润人心，彰显出恒久的现实教育价值。

III. Relying on Chen Yun’s Long March Writings to Construct a Realistic Path for Promoting the Long March Spirit

三、依托陈云长征著作，构建弘扬长征精神的现实路径

Chen Yun’s Long March writings are not only precious documents recording the historical facts of the Red Army’s Long March but also high-quality models for carrying out ideological propaganda work and cultural dissemination work in the New Era. In the New Era, in order to better utilize the value of Chen Yun’s Long March writings, we must further consolidate the historical foundation and optimize the narrative paradigm, providing solid support for promoting the Long March spirit and marching well on the Long March of the New Era.

陈云长征著作既是记录红军长征史实的珍贵文献，亦是新时代开展思想宣传工作与文化传播工作的优质范本。新时代，为了更好地发挥陈云长征著作的价值，我们要进一步夯实史实根基、优化叙事范式，为弘扬长征精神，走好新时代的长征路提供坚实支撑。

(I) Relying on Long March Literature to Pass on the Long March Spirit

（一）依托长征文献，传承长征精神

“If we are to go forward, we must never forget the road we have traveled.” Chen Yun’s Long March writings, as precious texts recording the history of the Long March, not only preserve historical memory and prevent history from being forgotten, but also serve as vivid teaching materials for educating Party members and inspiring the masses. “Red resources are the testimony of our Party’s arduous and glorious struggle, and are the most precious spiritual wealth.” In the New Era, to carry forward the Long March spirit, we must attach great importance to the collation, protection, and research of Long March documents represented by Chen Yun’s Long March writings, so as to “understand the principles of history, strengthen historical confidence, revere historical virtues, and put history into practice.” [10]10 “Understand the principles of history, strengthen historical confidence, revere historical virtues, and put history into practice” (学史明理、学史增信、学史崇德、学史力行): A formulation by Xi Jinping calling for the study of Party history to achieve these four goals.

“一切向前走，都不能忘记走过的路。”陈云长征著作作为记录长征历史的珍贵文本，不仅保存了历史记忆、防止历史被遗忘，也成为教育党员、激励群众的生动教材。“红色资源是我们党艰辛而辉煌奋斗历程的见证，是最宝贵的精神财富。”新时代传承长征精神，我们要高度重视以陈云长征著作为代表的长征文献的整理、保护与研究，做到“学史明理、学史增信、学史崇德、学史力行”。

First, strengthen the collection, collation, and protection of Long March documents and cultural relics, laying a solid foundation for the inheritance and promotion of the Long March spirit. “Red resources are non-renewable and irreplaceable precious resources; protection is the primary task.” Chen Yun’s Long March writings record in written form the route, battles, important meetings, and other key content of the Long March, providing reliable historical materials for later generations to study the history of the Long March and disseminate knowledge about it. However, “as time passes, many historical materials and cultural relics have been lost or have disappeared, and some eyewitnesses have passed away one after another,” which requires us to further strengthen the protection and utilization of red resources. On the one hand, we must enhance awareness of prevention and rescue, systematically carry out surveys and collection of Long March historical materials, and extensively collect Long March documents and cultural relics scattered among the people to prevent the loss and disappearance of precious historical materials. On the other hand, we must use modern technological means to build a Long March resource bank. Relying on technologies such as big data and cloud computing, we should carry out digital restoration, archiving, and storage of the collected Long March resources, establishing a comprehensive and systematic Long March resource database. In short, the inheritance of the Long March spirit should be built on a solid and reliable historical foundation, ensuring its historical authenticity, completeness of appearance, and cultural continuity.

其一，加强长征文献与文物的搜集、整理和保护工作，为长征精神的传承和弘扬奠定坚实基础。“红色资源是不可再生、不可替代的珍贵资源，保护是首要任务。”陈云长征著作以文字的形式记录了长征的路线、战役、重要会议等重要内容，为后世研究长征历史、传播长征知识提供了可靠史料。然而，“随着时间推移，不少史料和文物已经散失和消失了，一些亲历者相继过世了”，这要求我们进一步加强红色资源的保护与利用。一方面，要增强预防和抢救意识，系统开展长征史料的普查与收集工作，广泛搜集散落在民间的长征文献、文物，防止珍贵史料遗失湮没。另一方面，要利用现代科技手段构建长征资源库，依托大数据、云计算等技术，对搜集到的长征资源进行数字化修复、建档与存储，建立全面系统的长征资源数据库。总之，应将长征精神的传承建立在坚实可靠的史实基础之上，确保其历史真实性、面貌完整性与文化延续性。

Second, fully leverage the educational function of Long March resources, so that the Long March spirit is integrated into the blood and transformed into action. “We must make good use of red resources, pass on the red gene, and pass down the red mountain and river from generation to generation.” In the New Era, to carry forward the Long March spirit and to “remember revolutionary history and inherit revolutionary traditions,” we must “strengthen research on revolutionary history, deeply explore the ideological connotations behind red resources,” and fully comprehend the Long March spirit contained in red resources represented by Chen Yun’s Long March writings, making them vivid teaching materials that nourish the soul and enhance Party spirit. At the same time, we must innovate methods of educational practice, actively explore new models of immersion and interaction, and build a “great school that educates, inspires, and shapes people.” Using new media platforms, we should develop micro-Party lessons, red short videos, and the like, allowing red stories to spread across screens. In short, we should target different groups, transform these precious documents into materials for forging souls and educating people, so that “the red gene seeps into the blood and penetrates the heart.”

其二，充分发挥长征资源的育人功能，使长征精神融入血脉、化为行动。“要用好红色资源，传承好红色基因，把红色江山世世代代传下去。”新时代传承长征精神，做到“铭记革命历史、传承革命传统”，就要“加强革命历史研究，深入挖掘红色资源背后的思想内涵”，充分领会以陈云长征著作为代表的红色资源中所蕴含的长征精神，使其成为滋养心灵、提升党性的生动教材。同时，要创新教育实践方法，积极探索沉浸式、互动式的新模式，构建“教育人、激励人、塑造人的大学校”。利用新媒体平台，开发微党课、红色短视频等，让红色故事跨屏传播。总之，应针对不同群体，将这些珍贵文献转化为铸魂育人的素材，“使红色基因渗进血液、浸入心扉”。

(II) Focus on micro-narratives, innovate discourse expression, and activate the Long March spirit

（二）聚焦微观叙事，创新话语表达，激活长征精神

“Only facts can convince people, only images can move people, only emotions can infect people, and only reasoning can influence people.” Chen Yun’s Long March writings broke the tendency of traditional political discourse to emphasize theory while neglecting expression, using plain language to record the sights and feelings along the Long March, greatly optimizing the propaganda effect. In the New Era, to promote the Long March spirit, we should change the concept of communication, adopt methods that the masses are happy to see and hear, and effectively enhance the appeal and affinity of the Long March spirit.

“讲事实才能说服人，讲形象才能打动人，讲情感才能感染人，讲道理才能影响人。”陈云长征著作打破了传统政治话语重理论、轻表达的倾向，运用朴实的语言记录了长征途中的见闻与感受，极大地优化了宣传效果。新时代弘扬长征精神，应转变传播理念，采用群众喜闻乐见的方式，切实提升长征精神的感召力与亲和力。

First, adhere to content as king, focus on micro-narratives, excavate vivid and flesh-and-blood details of Long March history, and enhance the appeal of the Long March spirit. In his Long March writings, Chen Yun did not talk abstractly about revolutionary theory in the air, but instead concretized Long March history into vivid and lively stories by depicting the deeds of Red Army commanders getting along with the masses and the image of the Party’s leader loving the people as his own children, arousing strong resonance among readers. Based on this, on the one hand, we should be good at starting from small entry points, giving history warmth. Promoting the Long March spirit should not stop at grand narratives; we should also delve into the historical details in Long March writings, seeking those stories “with backbone, with morality, and with warmth,” so that “the cultural relics locked in forbidden palaces, the heritage displayed on the vast land, and the words written in ancient books all come to life,” enabling the masses to personally feel the power of the Long March spirit. On the other hand, we should focus on the sublimation of emotions, giving the spirit height. We should be good at transforming political discourse into popular discourse, integrating big principles into small stories, skillfully blending the grand historical background with the fate of micro-individuals in the narrative, and casting the spiritual core of patriotism, family-country sentiment, sacrifice, and dedication into specific people, events, and things, so that the masses internalize the Long March spirit in their hearts and externalize it in their actions through subtle influence.

其一，要坚持内容为王，聚焦微观叙事，挖掘有血有肉的长征历史细节，提升长征精神的感召力。陈云在长征著作中没有空谈抽象的革命理论，而是通过描写红军将领与群众打成一片的事迹、党的领袖爱民如子的亲民形象等，将长征历史具象化为一个个生动鲜活的故事，引发读者强烈共鸣。基于此，一方面要善于从小切口入手，让历史有温度。弘扬长征精神不能只停留于宏大叙事，还应深入挖掘长征著作中的历史细节，寻找那些“有筋骨、有道德、有温度”的故事，“让收藏在禁宫里的文物、陈列在广阔大地上的遗产、书写在古籍里的文字都活起来”，使人民群众切身感受长征精神的力量。另一方面要注重情怀升华，让精神有高度。善于把政治话语转化为大众话语，把大道理融入小故事，在叙事中将宏大历史背景与微观个体命运巧妙融合，把爱国主义、家国情怀、牺牲奉献等精神内核熔铸于具体的人、事、物之中，使得人民群众在潜移默化中将长征精神内化于心、外化于行。

Second, innovate discourse expression, change narrative perspective, and enhance the affinity of mainstream discourse. Chen Yun’s Long March writings use a language style that is easy to understand, plain, and sincere, effectively narrowing the distance with the masses. This narrative method of going deep among the masses provides an important guideline for inheriting and promoting the Long March spirit. On the one hand, we should change the narrative perspective and adhere to a people-centered work orientation. In the new public opinion environment, the traditional one-dimensional propaganda model can no longer meet the needs of the audience. We should “adhere to a people-centered work orientation,” fully respect the principal position of the masses, truly “express the people’s wishes, feelings, and voices,” and maximize the propaganda effect. On the other hand, we should innovate language style and promote the popularization of political discourse. When promoting the Long March spirit, we should abandon rote preaching and be good at using language that the masses can understand and easily accept to explain profound theories. By excavating expressions rich in the flavor of the times and the interest of life, we can concretize and enliven abstract concepts, making the Long March spirit a spiritual nourishment for the daily life of the masses, thereby effectively enhancing the affinity and appeal of mainstream discourse, achieving both height and grounding, and facilitating everyone’s learning, understanding, and acceptance.

其二，要创新话语表达，转换叙事视角，增强主流话语的亲和力。陈云长征著作运用通俗易懂、平实真诚的语言风格，有效拉近了与人民群众的距离，这种深入群众的叙事方式为传承和弘扬长征精神提供了重要遵循。一方面，要转换叙事视角，坚持以人民为中心的工作导向。在新的舆论环境下，传统单向度的宣传模式已难以适应受众需求，应“坚持以人民为中心的工作导向”，充分尊重人民群众的主体地位，真正做到“表达人民的心愿、心情、心声”，实现宣传效果的最大化。另一方面，要创新语言风格，推进政治话语的大众化转型。弘扬长征精神时应摒弃照本宣科的说教，善于用群众听得懂、易接受的语言阐释深刻理论。通过挖掘富有时代气息和生活情趣的表达方式，将抽象概念具象化、生动化，使长征精神成为人民群众日常生活的精神滋养，从而切实增强主流话语的亲和力与感染力，做到既有高度又接地气，便于大家学习、理解和接受。

(III) Shape the image of a major party, and promote the Long March spirit while adhering to self-revolution

（三）塑造大党形象，在坚持自我革命中弘扬长征精神

“The Communist Party of China is the largest political party in the world. A large party must have the appearance of a large one.” Chen Yun’s Long March writings, through the depiction of the true features of the Party and the Red Army, effectively refuted the reactionary propaganda of the enemy and successfully shaped the positive image of the Party and the Red Army on the international stage. “The Party’s work style is the Party’s image, which concerns the support of the people and the survival of the Party.” Therefore, in the New Era, we must take the initiative, firmly grasp the leadership of ideological work, and through continuous self-revolution, show the world an image of the Communist Party of China as a major party that is “able to withstand various tests of wind and waves and is full of vitality.”

“中国共产党是世界上最大的政党。大就要有大的样子。”陈云长征著作通过对党和红军真实面貌的刻画，有力地回击了敌人的反动宣传，在国际舞台上成功塑造了党和红军的正面形象。“党的作风就是党的形象，关系人心向背，关系党的生死存亡”。因此，新时代必须主动出击，牢牢掌握意识形态工作的领导权，并通过持续的自我革命，向世人展示一个“经得起各种风浪考验、朝气蓬勃的”中国共产党大党形象。

First, take the initiative to grasp the leadership of ideology, adhere to both breaking and establishing, and seize the commanding heights of public opinion. “Ideological work is an extremely important task for the Party.” During the Long March, Chen Yun recorded in his *Report* the situation of the Red Army carrying out propaganda and ideological work. For example, every soldier carried a piece of chalk and wrote at least three slogans wherever they passed; by explaining the nature and goals of the Red Army to the masses, they made the masses realize the fact that the Red Army was “fighting for national liberation and the completion of the Soviet revolution throughout China,” which played a role in reversing the direction of public opinion. Facing the complex and severe situation of ideological struggle, we should grasp both breaking and establishing. On the one hand, we must dare to “break,” using the spirit of struggle to smash erroneous trends of thought. In response to the slander and smearing by Western hostile forces, we should take the initiative to strike back forcefully against various erroneous statements that smear the Party, daring to draw our swords. On the other hand, we must be good at “establishing,” using strong guiding ability to consolidate mainstream ideology. We should actively explain the Party’s governance philosophy and historical contributions, firmly grasp the dominant power of discourse, use Chinese theory to interpret Chinese practice, erect the Party’s spiritual banner in the diverse and changing public opinion arena, and “build a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and guiding power,” thereby building and maintaining the image of a major party.

其一，要主动掌握意识形态领导权，坚持破立并举，抢占舆论制高点。“意识形态工作是党的一项极端重要的工作。”长征途中，陈云在《报告》中记录了红军开展宣传思想工作的情况，例如每个战士都随身携带一截粉笔，在走过的地方至少写三条标语；通过给群众讲解红军的性质和奋斗目标，让群众认识到红军“为民族解放和在全中国完成苏维埃革命而斗争”的事实，起到了扭转舆论风向的作用。面对复杂严峻的意识形态斗争形势，我们应破立两手抓。一方面，要敢于“破”，以斗争精神粉碎错误思潮。针对西方敌对势力的污蔑抹黑，我们要主动出击，对各种抹黑党的错误言论进行有力回击，敢于亮剑。另一方面，要善于“立”，以强大引领能力巩固主流意识形态。要主动阐释党的执政理念和历史贡献，牢牢掌握话语主导权，用中国理论解读中国实践，在多元多变的舆论场上立起党的精神旗帜，“建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态”，从而建设好、维护好大党形象。

Second, we must uphold comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, carry forward the spirit of self-revolution, and inherit and promote the Long March spirit. “Courage in self-revolution is the most distinctive quality of our Party and also its greatest strength.” [11]11 This quotation is from Xi Jinping’s speech at the ceremony marking the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China on July 1, 2016. The Outline [12]12 “The Outline” refers to Chen Yun’s work “Outline of the Long March of the Central Red Army” (《随军西行见闻录》), written in 1935 and first published in Paris in 1936 under the pseudonym “Lian Chen.” clearly states that the correction of military leadership errors at the Zunyi Conference [13]13 The Zunyi Conference (January 1935) was a pivotal meeting of the CPC during the Long March that corrected the military line of the “Left” opportunist leadership and established Mao Zedong’s leading position in the Party and the Red Army. “was not a Party split; on the contrary, it strengthened unity.” It not only “set military leadership on the correct path” but also “raised the prestige of the Party and the Military Commission,” demonstrating the image of a political party that dares to face problems head-on and possesses a strong capacity for self-correction. To display the image of a major party in the New Era, we must balance historical depth with the vitality of the times and carry self-revolution through from beginning to end. On the one hand, we must base ourselves on the Party’s profound history and highlight its gene of self-examination. The Communist Party of China has always had a fine tradition of self-revolution; therefore, we must tell the story of the Party’s adherence to truth and correction of errors well, so that the world can see that the CPC is a mature political party emerging from the depths of history, thereby enhancing the credibility of a major party. On the other hand, we must demonstrate the vitality of the times and deepen self-revolution; we must promote the great founding spirit of the Party, advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in depth, wield the sharp weapon of criticism and self-criticism, and with the courage to turn the blade inward, “constantly purify, improve, reform, and enhance ourselves.” In short, by connecting history and reality, we can infuse the Long March spirit with boundless vitality and dynamism in Party building in the New Era.

其二，要坚持全面从严治党，发扬自我革命精神，传承和弘扬长征精神。“勇于自我革命，是我们党最鲜明的品格，也是我们党最大的优势。”《提纲》明确指出，遵义会议对于军事领导错误的纠正“不是党内的分歧，相反的更加团结”，不仅使“军事领导走上正确的道路”，也使“党与军委的威信更加提高”，展示了一个敢于直面问题、具有强大纠错能力的政党形象。新时代展示大党形象，必须兼顾历史的厚度与时代的活力，将自我革命贯穿始终。一方面，要立足于党的深厚历史，彰显自省基因。中国共产党历来具有自我革命的优良传统，因此要讲好党坚持真理、修正错误的故事，让世人看到中国共产党是从历史深处走来的成熟政党，增强大党公信力。另一方面，要彰显时代活力，深化自我革命；要弘扬伟大建党精神，纵深推进全面从严治党，运用批评和自我批评的锐利武器，以刀刃向内的勇气“不断自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高”。总之，通过连接历史与现实，让长征精神在新时代党的建设中焕发无限生机与活力。

(4) Seize the initiative in discourse and tell the story of the Long March well to the world

（四）掌握话语主动权，向世界讲好长征故事

“Tell China’s story well, spread China’s voice well, and present a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China.” Chen Yun’s Long March writings broke the Kuomintang’s information blockade on the Red Army, told the story of the Long March to the Comintern, and successfully won understanding and support from international public opinion. Entering the New Era to inherit and promote the Long March spirit, we must seize international discourse power, insist that China’s story be told by ourselves and China’s image be shaped by ourselves, construct a discourse system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, and enhance the international communication power and influence of China’s story.

“讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音，展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。”陈云长征著作打破了国民党对红军的信息封锁，向共产国际讲述了长征，成功争取到国际舆论的理解与支持。进入新时代传承和弘扬长征精神，我们必须掌握国际话语权，坚持中国故事由自己讲述、中国形象由自己塑造，构建具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的话语体系，提升中国故事的国际传播力与影响力。

First, we must uphold the subjective consciousness of telling the story ourselves, enhance the initiative of autonomous narration, and break Western discourse hegemony. “Backwardness invites aggression, poverty invites starvation, and being voiceless invites censure.” For a long time, the international public opinion landscape has shown a pattern of “the West being strong and us being weak.” For a considerable period, many people mistakenly believed that Edgar Snow was the earliest propagandist of the Red Army’s Long March. In fact, as early as July 1936, when Snow interviewed Mao Zedong, the “Record of What Was Seen and Heard” [14]14 “Record of What Was Seen and Heard” (《见闻录》) is an abbreviated reference to Chen Yun’s “Outline of the Long March of the Central Red Army” (《随军西行见闻录》). had already been published in Paris in March 1936 and released in Moscow. As a participant in the Long March, Chen Yun told the story of the Long March to the world earlier than Western journalists, breaking the outside world’s cognitive vacuum and prejudice against the Red Army at that time. This subjective consciousness of taking the initiative to speak provides a reference for breaking the current passive situation in the international public opinion arena. In the New Era, to seize international discourse power and tell the story of the Long March well, on the one hand, we must enhance the confidence to dare to speak and break path dependence. “China’s image in the world is still largely ‘shaped by others’ rather than ‘shaped by ourselves.’” We cannot hand over the right to define China to others; instead, we should actively step onto the international stage, seize the public opinion battlefield, forcefully refute distorted statements about China, firmly grasp the discourse power to explain China’s development and elaborate on China’s path, and enhance strategic resolve. On the other hand, we must improve the ability to speak well and build an autonomous knowledge system. Accelerate the construction of a philosophical and social science system with Chinese characteristics, clearly display the ideological and spiritual power behind the story of the Long March, and achieve a virtuous cycle of using Chinese theory to analyze practice and using Chinese practice to nourish theory, thereby “letting the whole world hear and clearly understand China’s voice.”

其一，要坚持自己讲的主体自觉，提升自主叙事的主动性，打破西方的话语霸权。“落后就要挨打，贫穷就要挨饿，失语就要挨骂。”长期以来，国际舆论格局呈现“西强我弱”态势，在很长一段时间里，不少人误以为斯诺是红军长征最早的宣传者。事实上，早在斯诺1936年7月采访毛泽东之前的1936年3月，《见闻录》就已在巴黎发表并在莫斯科出版。陈云作为长征的亲历者，比西方记者更早地向世界讲述长征，打破了当时外界对红军的认知空白与偏见。这种主动发声的主体自觉，为破解当前国际舆论场上的被动局面提供了借鉴。新时代要掌握国际话语权、讲好长征故事，一方面要增强敢讲的底气，打破路径依赖。“中国在世界上的形象很大程度上仍是‘他塑’而非‘自塑’。”我们不能把定义中国的权利交给他人，而应主动走上国际舞台，抢占舆论阵地，有力批驳歪曲中国的言论，牢牢掌握解释中国发展、阐述中国道路的话语权，增强战略定力。另一方面要提升善讲的能力，构建自主知识体系。加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学体系，鲜明展示长征故事背后的思想与精神力量，实现用中国理论剖析实践、用中国实践滋养理论的良性互动，从而“让全世界都能听到并听清中国声音”。

Second, we must base ourselves on China’s actual conditions, enhance confidence in content, and raise international discourse power. Chen Yun’s Long March writings are grounded in the Red Army’s strategy, tactics, and spiritual outlook, recounting the great journey of the Red Army’s Long March. This shows that telling China’s story well ultimately depends on being rooted in China. On the one hand, we must find valuable material in China’s practice. The century-long struggle of the Communist Party of China is the richest and most valuable repository of material. We must strengthen propaganda and interpretation, clearly explaining to the world “why the Communist Party of China works, why Marxism works, and why socialism with Chinese characteristics works well,” using the great achievements of China’s development as powerful footnotes for Chinese theory. On the other hand, we must refine the essence of Chinese culture to build a consensus of values for promoting a community with a shared future for mankind. “The more national it is, the more global it is.” When telling the story of the Long March, we should focus on showcasing spiritual symbols from fine traditional Chinese culture that have contemporary value and global significance, seek common ground between the Chinese Dream and the beautiful dreams of people around the world, and let the wisdom of Chinese culture—seeking common ground while reserving differences, harmony in diversity, and peaceful coexistence—become a “catalyst” for promoting international recognition and identification with China’s development path, so that a true, multi-dimensional, and comprehensive image of China takes root in the hearts of people worldwide.

其二，要立足中国实际，增强内容自信，提升国际话语权。陈云长征著作立足于红军的战略战术和精神风貌，讲述了红军长征的伟大历程。由此可见，讲好中国故事归根到底要立足于中国。一方面，要在中国实践中寻找宝贵素材。中国共产党的百年奋斗历程，就是最丰富和宝贵的素材库。我们要加强宣传阐释，向世界讲清楚“中国共产党为什么能、马克思主义为什么行、中国特色社会主义为什么好”，用中国发展的伟大成就为中国理论提供有力注脚。另一方面，要提炼中华文化精髓，为推动构建人类命运共同体建立价值共识。“越是民族的越是世界的”，在讲述长征故事时，要注重展示中华优秀传统文化中具有当代价值和世界意义的精神标识，找寻中国梦与世界各国人民美好梦想的相通之处，让中华文化中求同存异、和而不同、和谐相处的智慧，成为促进国际社会对中国发展道路认知认同的“催化剂”，让真实、立体、全面的中国形象在世界范围内深入人心。

Concluding Remarks

余论

“Spirit is the soul on which a nation relies for long-term survival.” As one of the participants and leaders of the Long March, Chen Yun’s writings carry the core of the Long March spirit, which deeply aligns with the value pursuits on the new Long March. At present, “promoting the great Long March spirit and walking today’s Long March road well is a major issue we face under the conditions of the new era.” We must base ourselves on the strategic height of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, transform the great Long March spirit contained in Chen Yun’s Long March writings into an endogenous driving force for national development and national rejuvenation, and thereby enable the Chinese nation to stand firm and forge ahead courageously in the torrent of history.

“精神是一个民族赖以长久生存的灵魂。”陈云作为长征的亲历者和领导者之一，其著作所承载的长征精神内核与新长征路上的价值追求深度契合。当前，“弘扬伟大长征精神，走好今天的长征路，是新的时代条件下我们面临的一个重大课题”。我们要立足于中华民族伟大复兴的战略高度，将陈云长征著作中蕴含的伟大长征精神，转化为推动国家发展、民族复兴的内生动力，进而促进中华民族在历史的洪流中屹立不倒、奋勇向前。