The Unique Contribution of the Long March Spirit to Inheriting and Promoting the Great Founding Spirit of the Party

The great founding spirit of the Party and the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists are related as source and stream. The great founding spirit of the Party, with its core connotations of upholding truth and坚守 ideals,践行 the original aspiration and undertaking the founding mission, fearing no sacrifice and struggling heroically, being loyal to the Party and living up to the people, is the spiritual source of the Chinese Communist Party. The great founding spirit of the Party always resonates with the times and moves in step with practice, continuously acquiring new connotations and new expressions in the course of historical evolution. The spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists takes the great founding spirit of the Party as its core, always remaining firm in faith, steadfast in original aspiration, unwavering in purpose, and enduring in style. The source is the root, determining the nature of the stream; the stream is the extension, enriching the connotation of the source. How, then, do the concrete forms of the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists inherit and promote the great founding spirit of the Party? Existing research has also touched on how specific spiritual forms inherit and promote the great founding spirit of the Party, but it is mostly confined to static interpretations of a single spiritual connotation, and the exploration of the Long March spirit’s role as a link between the preceding and the following within the spiritual lineage remains insufficient; some comparative studies remain at the level of chronological historical ordering, without deeply analyzing the progression and sublimation of the spiritual core. This year marks the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army’s Long March. This article aims, through a study of the unique value of the Long March spirit, to further explore its inheritance and promotion of the great founding spirit of the Party, with a view to deepening the understanding of the theoretical value and practical significance of the Chinese Communist spiritual lineage in continuing the great founding spirit of the Party.

伟大建党精神和中国共产党人精神谱系是源和流的关系。以坚持真理、坚守理想，践行初心、担当使命，不怕牺牲、英勇斗争，对党忠诚、不负人民为核心内涵的伟大建党精神，是中国共产党的精神之源。伟大建党精神始终与时代同频共振、与实践同向同行，在历史演进中不断被赋予新内涵、新表达。中国共产党人精神谱系以伟大建党精神为内核，始终信仰坚定、初心如磐、宗旨不移、作风永续。源头是根脉，决定洪流的本质；洪流是拓展，丰富源头的内涵。中国共产党人精神谱系的具体形态又是如何传承和弘扬伟大建党精神的？既有研究虽也涉及具体精神形态对伟大建党精神的传承和弘扬，但多局限于单一精神内涵的静态解读，对长征精神在精神谱系中承上启下作用的挖掘尚显不足；一些比较研究多停留在历史时序梳理，未深入分析精神内核的递进与升华。今年是红军长征胜利90周年，本文旨在通过对长征精神独特价值的研究，进一步探讨其对伟大建党精神的传承和弘扬，以期深化对中国共产党人精神谱系赓续伟大建党精神理论价值和实践意义的认识。

I. The Long March Spirit’s Comprehensive Inheritance and Promotion of the Great Founding Spirit of the Party

一、长征精神对伟大建党精神的全方位传承和弘扬

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The great Long March spirit is the spirit of placing the fundamental interests of the entire nation and the Chinese people above all else, of firmly believing in revolutionary ideals and convictions, and of firmly believing in the inevitable victory of a just cause; it is the spirit of fearing no hardship or danger, of不惜 paying any sacrifice to save the country and the people; it is the spirit of persisting in independence and self-reliance, seeking truth from facts, and proceeding from reality in everything; it is the spirit of taking the overall situation into account, strictly observing discipline, and being closely united; it is the spirit of relying closely on the masses, sharing life and death, sharing hardships and comforts, and struggling arduously together with the masses.” The Long March spirit is an important component of the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists and a precious spiritual treasure of the Chinese nation. If the great founding spirit of the Party is the core gene of the Chinese Communist Party, then the Long March spirit is the “dominant expression” of that gene under the test of life and death. The rich connotations of the Long March spirit are highly consistent with the great founding spirit of the Party. The Long March spirit achieves a comprehensive inheritance and promotion of the great founding spirit of the Party in terms of ideals and convictions, original aspiration and founding mission, struggle spirit, and lofty character.

习近平总书记指出：“伟大长征精神，就是把全国人民和中华民族的根本利益看得高于一切，坚定革命的理想和信念，坚信正义事业必然胜利的精神；就是为了救国救民，不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜付出一切牺牲的精神；就是坚持独立自主、实事求是，一切从实际出发的精神；就是顾全大局、严守纪律、紧密团结的精神；就是紧紧依靠人民群众，同人民群众生死相依、患难与共、艰苦奋斗的精神。”长征精神是中国共产党人精神谱系的重要组成部分，是中华民族的宝贵精神财富。如果说伟大建党精神是中国共产党的内核基因，长征精神就是这种基因在生死考验中的“显性表达”。长征精神的丰富内涵与伟大建党精神高度契合，长征精神在理想信念、初心使命、斗争精神、崇高品格等方面实现了对伟大建党精神的全方位传承和弘扬。

(1) Inheritance and Promotion of “Upholding Truth and 坚守 Ideals”

（一）对“坚持真理、坚守理想”的传承弘扬

From the day of its founding, the Chinese Communist Party has clearly inscribed Marxism on its banner and established the realization of communism as its distant ideal. Upholding truth and 坚守 ideals is the political soul of the great founding spirit of the Party, the spiritual pillar that enables Chinese Communists to withstand any test without changing color or altering their will. The Red Army’s Long March was the most severe test of ideals and convictions. On the Long March, the Red Army faced encirclement, pursuit, and interception by enemy armies numbering hundreds of thousands, and an extremely harsh natural environment, but the Red Army soldiers were unyielding and pressed forward courageously. The fundamental reason was the firm faith and distant ideals in their hearts. They firmly believed that Marxism was scientific truth, that the Chinese revolution would inevitably triumph, and that the Chinese Communist Party could lead the people out of darkness and toward light. Along the Long March, countless Red Army soldiers used their lives to interpret the profound connotation of upholding truth and 坚守 ideals. They would rather sacrifice their lives than abandon their faith; they would rather freeze or starve to death than deviate from their ideals. This 坚守, in the face of the test of life and death, of adherence to truth and persistence in ideals, is the most direct and profound inheritance of the “upholding truth and 坚守 ideals” of the great founding spirit of the Party. The victory of the Long March was the victory of ideals and convictions, the victory of the scientific truth of Marxism, and it fully demonstrated the powerful vitality of the great founding spirit of the Party.

中国共产党自成立之日起，就把马克思主义鲜明地写在自己的旗帜上，把实现共产主义确立为远大理想。坚持真理、坚守理想是伟大建党精神的政治灵魂，是中国共产党人经受任何考验而不变色、不改志的精神支柱。红军长征是对理想信念最严酷的检验。在长征途中，红军面临着敌军几十万大军的围追堵截，自然环境极端险恶，但红军将士不屈不挠、勇往直前，根本原因在于他们心中有坚定的信仰和远大的理想。他们坚信马克思主义是科学真理，坚信中国革命必然胜利，坚信中国共产党能够领导人民走出黑暗、走向光明。长征途中，无数红军将士用生命诠释了坚持真理、坚守理想的深刻内涵。他们宁可牺牲生命，也不放弃信仰；宁可冻死饿死，也不背离理想。这种坚守相较于在根据地斗争中的坚持更为艰难、更为悲壮。这种在生死考验面前对真理的执着、对理想的坚守，正是对伟大建党精神“坚持真理、坚守理想”最直接、最深刻的传承。长征的胜利是理想信念的胜利，是马克思主义科学真理的胜利，充分彰显了伟大建党精神的强大生命力。

(2) Inheritance and Promotion of “践行 the Original Aspiration and Undertaking the Founding Mission”

（二）对“践行初心、担当使命”的传承弘扬

践行 the original aspiration and undertaking the founding mission is the fundamental value orientation of the great founding spirit of the Party, the fundamental starting point and ultimate goal of all actions of the Chinese Communist Party. As soon as the Chinese Communist Party was born, it established seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and founding mission, and made saving the nation from peril and achieving the liberation of the people its unwavering historical responsibility. The Long March was not a mere retreat, but a strategic转移 carried out to preserve the revolutionary flame and undertake the mission of national salvation. Against the historical backdrop of an unprecedentedly severe national crisis as Japanese imperialism intensified its aggression against China, the Chinese Communist Party always placed the greater national interest first, always representing the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. The fundamental purpose of the Red Army’s Long March was to shake off the “encirclement and suppression” by the Kuomintang reactionaries, march north to resist Japan, save the nation from peril, and achieve the liberation of the people. The “placing the fundamental interests of the entire nation and the Chinese people above all else” within the Long March spirit is the concentrated embodiment of the original aspiration and founding mission of Chinese Communists, and also the concrete practice of the mission of national rejuvenation. Along the Long March, the Red Army soldiers always placed the interests of the nation and the people first. For the sake of national independence and people’s liberation, they were willing to pay any sacrifice, interpreting mission and responsibility with their blood and lives. They strictly observed discipline regarding the masses, taking not a single needle or thread from the people, caring about the people’s hardships, helping the people solve practical difficulties, and winning the heartfelt support and endorsement of the broad masses through concrete actions. This 坚守 of the original aspiration and founding mission is consistent with the core of “践行 the original aspiration and undertaking the founding mission” of the great founding spirit of the Party. It is not only a vivid portrayal of the shared mission and responsibility of Chinese Communists, but also an important spiritual code for the Party to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups in the country to continuously march from victory to victory.

践行初心、担当使命是伟大建党精神的根本价值指向，是中国共产党一切行动的根本出发点和落脚点。中国共产党一经诞生，就把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴确立为自己的初心使命，把挽救民族危亡、实现人民解放作为矢志不渝的历史担当。长征不是单纯的退却，而是为保存革命火种、担当民族救亡使命而进行的战略转移。在日本帝国主义加紧侵华导致民族危机空前严重的历史背景下，中国共产党始终把民族大义放在首位，始终代表着中国人民和中华民族的根本利益。红军长征的根本目的，就是要摆脱国民党反动派的“围剿”，北上抗日，挽救民族危亡，实现人民解放。长征精神中的“把全国人民和中华民族的根本利益看得高于一切”，正是中国共产党人初心使命的集中体现，也是民族复兴使命的具体践行。长征途中，红军将士始终把民族利益、人民利益放在首位，为了民族独立和人民解放，不惜付出一切牺牲，用鲜血和生命诠释着使命担当。他们严格遵守群众纪律，不拿群众一针一线，关心群众疾苦，帮助群众解决实际困难，用实际行动赢得了广大人民群众的衷心拥护和支持。这种对初心使命的坚守，与伟大建党精神“践行初心、担当使命”的内核一脉相承，既是中国共产党人共同使命担当的生动写照，更是党团结带领全国各族人民不断从胜利走向胜利的重要精神密码。

(3) Inheritance and Promotion of “Fearing No Sacrifice and Struggling Heroically”

（三）对“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”的传承弘扬

Fearing no sacrifice and struggling heroically is a distinctive trait of the great founding spirit of the Party, the spiritual backbone of Chinese Communists when facing powerful enemies, difficulties, and risks. The Chinese Communist Party was born in struggle, developed in struggle, and grew strong in struggle. The Long March is an epic of struggle that shakes the mountains and rivers, the most concentrated manifestation of the spirit of fearing no sacrifice and struggling heroically. Facing an extremely harsh natural environment, the Red Army soldiers were tenacious, fought tenaciously, and pushed their limits. Facing enemies several times their number and well-equipped, the Red Army soldiers showed no fear, fought bloodily, and pressed forward dauntlessly. In the Battle of the Xiang River, Red Army soldiers fought desperately with the enemy, dyeing the Xiang River red with blood. When crossing snowy mountains and grasslands, many soldiers died heroically from hunger and cold, maintaining a charging posture even in death. When seizing the Luding Bridge, 22 daredevils advanced courageously under a hail of bullets and artillery fire on the iron chains, cutting a bloody path. This heroic spirit of being willing to sacrifice one’s head and spill one’s blood for revolutionary victory, daring to struggle, daring to win, facing death with equanimity, and being unyielding, is a vivid interpretation and powerful promotion of the “fearing no sacrifice and struggling heroically” of the great founding spirit of the Party.

不怕牺牲、英勇斗争是伟大建党精神的鲜明特质，是中国共产党人面对强敌、面对困难、面对风险时的精神风骨。中国共产党是在斗争中诞生、在斗争中发展、在斗争中壮大的。长征是一部气壮山河的斗争史诗，是不怕牺牲、英勇斗争精神最集中的体现。面对极端恶劣的自然环境，红军将士坚韧不拔、顽强拼搏、挑战极限。面对数倍于己、装备精良的敌人，红军将士毫不畏惧、浴血奋战、一往无前。湘江战役中，红军将士与敌人殊死搏斗，血染湘江。翻雪山、过草地时，许多战士因饥寒交迫而壮烈牺牲，至死仍保持向前冲锋的姿态。飞夺泸定桥时，22名勇士冒着枪林弹雨，在铁索上奋勇前进，杀出一条血路。这种为革命胜利不惜抛头颅、洒热血，敢于斗争、敢于胜利、视死如归、不屈不挠的英雄气概，正是对伟大建党精神“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”的生动诠释和大力弘扬。

(4) Inheritance and Promotion of “Being Loyal to the Party and Living Up to the People”

（四）对“对党忠诚、不负人民”的传承弘扬

Loyalty to the Party and never failing the people constitute the political baseline and profound sentiment of the great founding spirit of the Party. Loyalty to the Party is the foremost political quality of Chinese Communists; never failing the people is their distinct and lofty sentiment. The Chinese Communist Party has always emphasized loyalty to the Party, loyalty to the people, and loyalty to Marxism, and has always placed the people at the highest position in its heart. The Long March was the touchstone for testing loyalty to the Party and sentiment for the people. During the Long March, no matter what setbacks, difficulties, or temptations they encountered, the vast majority of Red Army soldiers and officers remained steadfast in following the Party, absolutely obeyed commands, consciously maintained the Party’s unity and solidarity, and resolutely submitted to the Party’s orders. This political character of absolute loyalty was the fundamental inheritance of the great founding spirit of the Party’s “loyalty to the Party.” During the Long March, the Red Army soldiers and officers deeply understood that the masses of the people were the fundamental force for revolutionary victory, the foundation on which the Red Army depended for survival and development, and that only by relying closely on the masses of the people could they overcome all hardships and dangers and achieve final revolutionary victory. In the Central Soviet Area, the people of Yudu donated their door panels, bed boards, and even coffin boards to build pontoon bridges, providing over 800 boats, offering concrete support for the Central Red Army to successfully cross the river and embark on the Long March, composing a moving chapter of unity between the military and the people. Wherever the Red Army went, it respected the masses, cared for the masses, and helped the masses, treating the masses as family, winning popular support and consolidating strength. People of all ethnic groups vied to help the Red Army gather grain and other supplies, served as guides and interpreters, sheltered and treated the wounded and sick, and some even directly joined the army and fought, creating a vivid situation of military-civilian unity and joint resistance against the enemy. This spirit of sharing life and death, of sharing hardships and adversities with the masses of the people, is highly consistent with the great founding spirit of the Party’s “never failing the people” and is a concentrated expression of the Chinese Communist Party’s value pursuit of putting the people first.

对党忠诚、不负人民，是伟大建党精神的政治底线和深厚情怀。对党忠诚，是中国共产党人首要的政治品质；不负人民，是中国共产党人鲜明的崇高情怀。中国共产党始终强调忠诚于党、忠诚于人民、忠诚于马克思主义，始终把人民放在心中最高位置。长征是检验对党忠诚、为民情怀的试金石。在长征途中，无论遇到多大的挫折、困难与诱惑，广大红军将士始终坚定跟党走、绝对听指挥，自觉维护党的团结统一，坚决服从党的命令。这种绝对忠诚的政治品格正是对伟大建党精神“对党忠诚”的根本传承。长征途中，红军将士深刻认识到，人民群众是革命胜利的根本力量，是红军生存和发展的依靠，只有紧紧依靠人民群众，才能战胜一切艰难险阻，取得革命的最终胜利。在中央苏区，于都人民纷纷把自己家中的门板、床板甚至棺材板，都捐出来用于架设浮桥，提供的渡船有800多只，用实际行动为中央红军顺利渡河、踏上长征之路提供了有力支持，谱写了军民同心的动人篇章。红军每到一处，都尊重群众、关心群众、帮助群众，把人民群众当作亲人，赢得了民心、凝聚了力量。各族群众争相帮助红军筹集粮食等各种物资，为红军当向导和翻译，救护安置伤病员，有的还直接参军参战，形成了军民一家亲、同心抗敌的生动局面。这种与人民群众生死相依、患难与共的精神，与伟大建党精神“不负人民”高度契合，是中国共产党人民至上的价值追求的集中体现。

II. The Characteristics of the Long March Spirit Represent the Enrichment and Development of the Great Founding Spirit of the Party

二、长征精神的特质是对伟大建党精神的丰富和发展

The Long March spirit holds a unique value position within the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists. This uniqueness originates from the Long March itself, which was an unparalleled great feat in human history, a great expedition undertaken under the quadruple pressures of pursuit and interception by hundreds of thousands of enemy troops, the absence of a base area to rely on, extremely harsh natural environments, and acute ideological line struggles within the Party. The Long March spirit was not cultivated in favorable circumstances but was forged in the baptism of blood and fire, in the test of life and death, possessing an irreproducible uniqueness, making it one of the most brilliant pearls in the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists.

长征精神在中国共产党人精神谱系中具有独特的价值定位。这种独特性源于长征本身，它是人类历史上绝无仅有的伟大壮举，是在数十万敌军围追堵截、没有根据地依托、自然环境极端恶劣、党内思想路线尖锐斗争的四重压力下展开的伟大远征。长征精神不是在顺境中培育，而是在血与火的洗礼中、在生与死的考验中熔铸而成，具有不可复制的唯一性，是中国共产党人精神谱系中最璀璨的明珠之一。

First, upholding truth and independently exploring the revolutionary path endow the Long March spirit with a historical turning-point character. The prerequisite for upholding truth is daring to face errors and courageously correct them, and daring to explore, in practice, the correct path that suits China’s revolutionary reality. When the Long March began, the Chinese Communist Party was in the most critical moment of its history. Due to the erroneous leadership of “left” dogmatism, the Fifth Counter-Encirclement Campaign of the Central Revolutionary Base Area failed, forcing the Red Army to conduct a strategic转移, beginning the arduous Long March. Within just three months, the Red Army suffered heavy losses, its numbers plummeting from 86,000 at the start to just over 30,000, plunging the revolution into an unprecedented predicament. Facing the test of survival, Chinese Communists did not evade errors or shift blame, but with immense political courage, confronted the severe harm of “left” dogmatism, achieving a great ideological awakening and change of course through the Zunyi Conference, [4]4 The Zunyi Conference (January 1935) was a pivotal meeting of the CPC Central Committee during the Long March. It is historically credited with correcting the military strategy of the “left” dogmatists and affirming Mao Zedong’s leadership, marking a key turning point for the Party and the Red Army. putting into practice the vow to uphold truth. Upholding truth also requires daring to break through dogma and courageously explore a revolutionary path suited to China’s actual conditions. Before the Zunyi Conference, the Chinese Communist Party often relied on the guidance and intervention of the Comintern, even copying foreign experiences verbatim, neglecting the particularities of the Chinese revolution. The Zunyi Conference made Chinese Communists stop blindly believing in dogmatic theory and begin to independently apply the basic principles of Marxism to solve the practical problems of the Chinese revolution. Mao Zedong said, “If Chinese don’t understand China’s situation, how can that work? True understanding of independence and self-reliance began with the Zunyi Conference; this conference criticized dogmatism.” The Zunyi Conference spirit, formed during the Long March with firm belief, upholding truth, independence and self-reliance, and unity and solidarity as its basic connotations, is the key core and important component of the Long March spirit, and is the spiritual symbol of the Chinese Communist Party’s life-or-death great turning point. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “The Zunyi Conference, as a meeting of great turning-point significance in our Party’s history, has left valuable experience and important inspiration in integrating the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities, adhering to an independent and self-reliant path, firmly establishing correct political lines and policy strategies, and building a mature and strong central leadership collective.”

第一，坚持真理、独立自主探索革命道路，使长征精神具有历史转折性。坚持真理的前提是敢于正视错误、勇于修正错误，在实践中勇于探索符合中国革命实际的正确道路。长征开始时，中国共产党正处于历史上最危急的时刻。由于“左”倾教条主义的错误领导，中央革命根据地第五次反“围剿”失败，红军不得不进行战略转移，开始了艰苦卓绝的长征。在短短3个月内，红军损失惨重，从出发时的8.6万人锐减至3万余人，革命陷入前所未有的困境。面对生死存亡的考验，中国共产党人没有回避错误、推诿责任，而是以巨大的政治勇气，直面“左”倾教条主义的严重危害，通过遵义会议实现了伟大的思想觉醒和路线转折，用实际行动践行了坚持真理的誓言。坚持真理，还要敢于突破教条、勇于探索符合中国实际的革命道路。遵义会议之前，中国共产党往往要依赖共产国际的指导和干预，甚至照搬照抄外国的经验，忽视了中国革命的特殊性。遵义会议让中国共产党人不再迷信教条主义的理论，开始独立自主地运用马克思主义基本原理解决中国革命的实际问题。毛泽东说：“中国人不懂中国情况，这怎么行？真正懂得独立自主是从遵义会议开始的，这次会议批判了教条主义。”长征途中形成的以坚定信念、坚持真理、独立自主、团结统一为基本内涵的遵义会议精神，是长征精神的关键内核和重要组成部分，是中国共产党实现生死攸关伟大转折的精神标识。习近平总书记强调：“遵义会议作为我们党历史上一次具有伟大转折意义的重要会议，在把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、坚持走独立自主道路、坚定正确的政治路线和政策策略、建设坚强成熟的中央领导集体等方面，留下宝贵经验和重要启示。”

Second, the high integration of Party spirit and national spirit makes the Long March spirit the highest embodiment of the national spirit. The Long March spirit merges Marxist faith and the lofty ideal of communism with the cultural genes of the Chinese nation—ceaseless self-renewal, indomitable perseverance, and concern for family, country, and the world—becoming a precious spiritual asset of the Party and the highest expression of the national spirit. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The great Long March spirit is a vivid reflection of the revolutionary demeanor of Chinese Communists and the people’s army they led, a concentrated display of the Chinese nation’s indomitable national character, and the highest embodiment of the national spirit centered on patriotism.” Within the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, the Long March spirit is the highest distillation and concentrated display of the revolutionary spirit. Deng Xiaoping once summarized the revolutionary spirit as the “five spirits,” namely, “the spirit of revolution and desperate struggle, the spirit of strict discipline and self-sacrifice, the spirit of selflessness and putting others before oneself, the spirit of overwhelming all enemies and all difficulties, and the spirit of adhering to revolutionary optimism and overcoming all difficulties to strive for victory.” These five revolutionary spirits were integrated and most fully and completely manifested during the Red Army’s Long March. The reason the Long March spirit is the highest embodiment of the Chinese national spirit is that it is rooted in the fertile soil of the national spirit, yet achieved transcendence in revolutionary practice, elevating the core connotations of the national spirit, becoming its concentrated representative and highest form. The Long March spirit was the concentrated eruption of the national spirit at a time of national peril. Against the historical backdrop of Japanese imperialist aggression against China, with the Chinese nation facing an unprecedented existential crisis, the traditional national spirit, though still present, failed to form a powerful cohesive force to save the nation from peril. The Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, led by the Chinese Communist Party, shouldered the historical responsibility of saving the nation from peril, achieving comprehensive cohesion that transcended regions, ethnicities, and military unit affiliations, integrating unity within the Party, unity between the military and civilians, and unity among ethnic groups. It both adhered to the core essence of the Chinese national spirit and, guided by the firm lofty ideal of communism, transcended the class and historical limitations of the traditional national spirit. The Long March spirit runs through the fundamental tenet of wholehearted service to the people, allowing the national spirit to truly represent the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people. This spiritual characteristic, rooted in tradition yet oriented towards the future, makes the Long March spirit the highest embodiment of the national spirit, marking the development of the Chinese national spirit to a new historical height. The Long March spirit proved the powerful strength of the national spirit through the great victory of the Long March.

第二，政党精神与民族精神的高度融合，使长征精神成为民族精神的最高体现。长征精神把马克思主义信仰、共产主义远大理想与中华民族自强不息、百折不挠、家国天下的文化基因融为一体，成为党的宝贵精神财富，更是民族精神的最高表达。习近平总书记指出：“伟大长征精神，是中国共产党人及其领导的人民军队革命风范的生动反映，是中华民族自强不息的民族品格的集中展示，是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神的最高体现。”在中国共产党人精神谱系中，长征精神是革命精神的最高凝练与集中展示。邓小平曾将革命精神概括为“五种精神”，即“革命和拼命精神，严守纪律和自我牺牲精神，大公无私和先人后己精神，压倒一切敌人、压倒一切困难的精神，坚持革命乐观主义、排除万难去争取胜利的精神”。这五种革命精神在红军长征途中融为一体，并得到最充分、最彻底的展现。长征精神之所以是中华民族精神的最高体现，是因为其植根于民族精神的沃土，又在革命实践中实现了超越，使民族精神的核心内涵得到升华，成为民族精神的集中代表与最高形态。长征精神是民族精神在危亡时刻的集中爆发。在日本帝国主义侵略中国，中华民族面临前所未有的生存危机的历史背景下，传统民族精神虽依然存在，却未能形成挽救民族危亡的强大合力。中国共产党领导的工农红军，肩负起挽救民族危亡的历史重任，实现了超越地域、民族、部队建制的全域凝聚，将党内团结、军民团结、民族团结融为一体，既坚守了中华民族精神的核心内核，又以坚定的共产主义远大理想为指引，超越了传统民族精神的阶级局限与历史局限。长征精神贯穿全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨，让民族精神真正代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。这种既扎根传统又面向未来的精神特质，使长征精神成为民族精神的最高体现，标志着中华民族精神发展到了新的历史高度。长征精神以长征的伟大胜利证明了民族精神的强大力量。

Third, within the spiritual genealogy of the Chinese Communists, the Long March spirit possesses uniqueness and a distinctive capacity for dissemination and influence. Before the Long March spirit took shape, the Chinese Communists had already given birth to the Jinggangshan spirit and the Soviet Area spirit. The Jinggangshan spirit was the exploratory spirit of the early days of the revolutionary base areas, with daring to blaze new trails as its core; it achieved a breakthrough in the path from the urban-center thesis to the encirclement of cities from the countryside, laying the foundation of the revolutionary spark. The Soviet Area spirit was the governing spirit nurtured during the period of partial governance in the Central Soviet Area, essentially a spirit of wholehearted dedication to the people. It was tempered through the multiple challenges of base area construction, land revolution, and the counter-encirclement-and-suppression campaigns, exploring preliminary experience in Party building, government building, and military building, and contributing to the growth of revolutionary forces. Unlike the counter-encirclement-and-suppression campaigns of the Jinggangshan and Soviet Area periods, the Long March was a mobile operation without a rear base or respite, a struggle for survival in the cracks of the enemy’s heavy encirclement, a breakout and rebirth after the revolution suffered major setbacks. The Long March spirit not only deeply inherited and creatively developed the Jinggangshan spirit and the Soviet Area spirit, but also achieved a historic leap in spiritual dimensions such as survival in desperate straits, steadfast faith, seeking truth from facts, and unity and cooperation. It subsequently provided rich nourishment for the formation of spiritual achievements like the Yan’an spirit and the Xibaipo spirit, becoming the most epic, most penetrating, and most emblematic spiritual achievement in the spiritual genealogy of the Chinese Communists, providing an inexhaustible spiritual driving force for advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Compared with other spiritual forms, the Dabie Mountains spirit, the Northeast United Resistance Army spirit, and the Taihang spirit were mostly formed in revolutionary struggles in local areas, possessing a certain regional character; the Nanniwan spirit and the Zhang Side spirit mostly manifested as the spiritual outlook of a particular field or group. The Long March spirit, however, through its strategic practice on an overall scale, became a spiritual force leading the entire Chinese revolution; its spiritual character, tempered in extreme environments, possessed greater capacity for dissemination and emotional impact. To expand the influence of the Red Army’s Long March and to raise funds for the anti-Japanese effort, in August 1936, Mao Zedong and Yang Shangkun issued a call for contributions from comrades who had participated in the Long March: “The writing need only be clear and fluent in expressing the meaning, not seeking profound abstruseness; writing a passage is already doing propaganda work for the Red Army and expanding its international influence.” At the same time, a telegram was sent to all units: “All commanders are requested to mobilize and organize cadres at the division and regiment level to write many fragments based on their experiences in the Long March—battles, local customs, and anecdotes—and submit them to the General Political Department before September 5. This matter is important; do not neglect it.” The manuscript of *The Long March of the Red Army* was compiled and completed in February 1937. When the American journalist Edgar Snow wrote *Red Star Over China*, he drew on much of this material. As the story of the Long March spread widely, the Long March gradually became known to the world. Mao Zedong said: “The Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history, the Long March is a manifesto, the Long March is a propaganda team, the Long March is a seeder.” The Long March is a manifesto, proclaiming the power of faith, the firmness of will, the unshakable belief in the victory of the Chinese revolution, the heroic spirit of the Red Army, and the inevitable defeat of the Kuomintang reactionaries. The Long March is a propaganda team, spreading revolutionary truth, awakening the patriotic fervor and revolutionary consciousness of hundreds of millions of Chinese people through concrete action. The Long March is a seeder, sowing the sparks of revolution, nurturing the hope of revolution, and laying a solid foundation for the victory of the Chinese revolution. The disseminative power of the Long March spirit is unique; it has already deeply merged into the blood and soul of the Chinese nation. In October 1935, Mao Zedong composed the poem “The Long March” in the *lüshi* form. This poem, majestic in momentum and widely popular, imbued with profound historical sense and spiritual power, greatly expanded the influence of the Long March. To celebrate the 15th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the large-scale musical and dance epic *The East Is Red*, a classic of red culture created collectively under the initiative and chairmanship of Zhou Enlai, was publicly performed in October 1964. Its section “Ten Thousand Mountains and Rivers” artistically recreated the arduousness of the Red Army’s Long March, further expanding the Long March’s influence. On July 1, 1965, the *Liberation Army Daily* published in full the Long March suite of poems *The Red Army Fears Not the Hardships of the Long March* by Xiao Hua, presenting a panoramic recreation of the Long March’s course. This became an artistic and popularized vehicle for disseminating the Long March spirit, inspiring generations to carry forward revolutionary traditions and strengthen their ideals and convictions. “Bitter or not, think of the Long March’s 25,000 li”; “Inherit the Red Army’s tradition, carry forward the Long March spirit”—these widely circulated slogans inspire the Chinese people to win new victories on the new journey.

第三，在中国共产党人精神谱系中，长征精神具有独特性和独树一帜的传播力、影响力。在长征精神形成之前，中国共产党人已经先后孕育了井冈山精神和苏区精神。井冈山精神是革命根据地初创时期的探索精神，以敢闯新路为核心，实现了从城市中心论到农村包围城市的道路突破，具有革命火种的奠基之功。苏区精神是中央苏区局部执政时期孕育的执政精神，本质是一心为民的奉献精神。它在根据地建设、土地革命、反“围剿”斗争的多重挑战中淬炼而成，探索了党的建设、政权建设、军队建设的初步经验，具有革命力量的壮大之功。与井冈山时期和苏区时期的反“围剿”不同，长征是无后方依托、无休整空间的流动作战，是在敌人重兵围堵的夹缝中求生存，是革命遭遇重大挫折后的突围与重生。长征精神不仅深度继承并创造性发展了井冈山精神与苏区精神，更在绝境突围、信念坚守、实事求是、团结协作等维度实现了精神境界的历史性跨越。它为此后延安精神、西柏坡精神等精神成果的形成提供了丰厚滋养，成为中国共产党人精神谱系中最具史诗性、最富穿透力、最显标志性的精神成果，为推进中华民族伟大复兴提供了不竭的精神动力。与其他精神形态相较，大别山精神、东北抗联精神、太行精神等多形成于局部地区的革命斗争，具有一定的地域性；南泥湾精神、张思德精神等多体现为某一领域或群体的精神风貌。长征精神则以全局性的战略实践，成为引领中国革命全局的精神力量，其于极端环境中淬炼而成的精神品格，更具传播力与感染力。为了扩大红军长征的影响以及募捐抗日经费的需要，1936年8月，毛泽东和杨尚昆向参加长征的同志发起征稿：“文字只求清通达意，不求钻研深奥，写上一段即是为红军作了募捐宣传，为红军扩大了国际影响。”同时，又向各部队发出电报：“望各首长并动员与组织师团干部，就自己在长征中所经历的战斗、民情风俗、奇闻轶事，写成许多片段，于九月五日以前汇交总政治部。事关重要，切勿忽视。”《红军长征记》书稿于1937年2月编辑整理完成。美国记者埃德加·斯诺写作《西行漫记》时，就引用了其中的不少材料。随着长征故事的广泛传播，长征逐步为世人所知。毛泽东说：“长征是历史纪录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。”长征是宣言书，宣告了信仰的力量、意志的坚定，宣告了中国革命的必胜信念，宣告了红军的英雄气概和国民党反动派的必然失败。长征是宣传队，传播了革命真理，用实际行动唤醒了亿万中国人民的爱国热情和革命觉悟。长征是播种机，播撒了革命火种、孕育了革命希望，为中国革命的胜利奠定了坚实基础。长征精神的传播力是独树一帜的，已经深深融入中华民族的血脉和灵魂。毛泽东在1935年10月创作了《七律·长征》。这首诗气势磅礴，脍炙人口，蕴含深厚历史感与精神力量，极大地扩大了长征的影响力。为庆祝中华人民共和国成立15周年，在周恩来倡议与主持下集体创作的红色文艺经典大型音乐舞蹈史诗《东方红》于1964年10月公演，其中《万水千山》艺术再现了红军长征的艰苦卓绝，使长征的影响力进一步扩大。1965年7月1日，《解放军报》全文发表了萧华作词的长征组诗《红军不怕远征难》，全景式再现长征历程，成为长征精神的艺术化、大众化传播载体，激励几代人弘扬革命传统、坚定理想信念。“苦不苦，想想长征二万五”“继承红军传统，发扬长征精神”——这些广为流传的口号，激励着中国人民在新征程上不断夺取新的胜利。

III. The Broad Influence of the Long March Spirit on China’s Social Development Promotes the Inheritance and Promotion of the Great Founding Spirit of the Party

三、长征精神对中国社会发展的广泛影响促进了伟大建党精神的传承和弘扬

In the revolution, construction, and reform led by the Chinese Communist Party, the Long March, with its highly shocking feat, has become one of the events with the greatest influence on China’s social development. It has transcended the scope of a specific historical event and evolved into a comprehensive discourse system encompassing political declaration, spiritual guidance, social mobilization, and cultural construction. The Long March discourse has always resonated with the central tasks of the Chinese Communist Party, continuously enriching and expanding with the development of the times; thus the Long March spirit has become one of the most influential spirits in the spiritual genealogy of the Chinese Communists. In every historical period, the Long March spirit has been highly valued, continuously inherited and endowed with new contemporary connotations. It transforms the inheritance and promotion of the great founding spirit of the Party into a concrete spiritual force, always serving as a powerful spiritual driving force that unites the Party and the people, inspiring the Chinese people to overcome difficulties and advance from victory to victory.

在中国共产党领导的革命、建设、改革事业中，长征以其极具震撼力的壮举，成为对中国社会发展最具影响力的事件之一。它已超越具体历史事件的范畴，演变为涵盖政治宣示、精神引领、社会动员、文化建构的综合性话语体系。长征话语始终与中国共产党的中心任务同频共振，随时代发展而不断丰富拓展；长征精神由此成为中国共产党人精神谱系中最具影响力的精神之一。在各个历史时期，长征精神都受到高度重视，不断被传承并赋予新的时代内涵。它将伟大建党精神的传承弘扬转化为具象化的精神伟力，始终是凝聚党心民心，激励中国人民攻坚克难、从胜利走向胜利的强大精神动力。

The Long March was the historic turning point for the New Democratic Revolution from danger to safety, from setbacks to victory; the Long March spirit was the powerful spiritual pillar for winning the New Democratic Revolution. During the Long March, the Chinese Communist Party deeply perceived the changes in the domestic and international situation and promptly realized the strategic shift from the domestic revolutionary war to the national war of resistance against Japan. In August 1935, the CPC Central Committee issued the “Appeal to All Compatriots for National Salvation and Resistance to Japan” (i.e., the August First Declaration), calling for an end to the civil war, unified resistance against Japan, and the establishment of a national united front against Japan. This closely combined the resolution of the Party’s own survival crisis with saving the nation from peril, linking the general direction of the Long March with the establishment of an anti-Japanese forward base. The Red Army widely propagated anti-Japanese slogans during its march, awakening the national consciousness of the people along the route, laying a deep mass foundation for the nationwide war of resistance. After the Red Army arrived in the Northwest, the Chinese Communist Party found a new foothold for the survival and development of revolutionary forces and a new starting point for the advance of the revolutionary cause. Centered on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia revolutionary base area, a large number of revolutionary base areas were gradually established and developed, forming a stable strategic rear for the revolution. It can be said that the victory of the Long March laid a solid foundation for winning the great victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japan and, subsequently, for winning the New Democratic Revolution.

长征是新民主主义革命由危转安、由挫折走向胜利的历史性转折点，长征精神是夺取新民主主义革命胜利的强大精神支柱。长征途中，中国共产党深刻洞察国内外形势变化，及时实现从国内革命战争向抗日民族战争的战略转变。1935年8月，中共中央发表《为抗日救国告全体同胞书》（即《八一宣言》），呼吁停止内战、一致抗日、建立抗日民族统一战线，将解决自身生存危机与拯救民族危亡紧密结合，把长征大方向同建立抗日前进阵地联系起来。红军在行军途中广泛宣传抗日主张，唤醒了沿途民众的民族意识，为全民族抗战奠定了深厚的群众基础。红军抵达西北后，中国共产党找到了革命力量生存发展的新落脚点，找到了革命事业前进的新出发点。以陕甘宁革命根据地为中心，一大批革命根据地逐步建立和发展起来，形成了稳固的革命战略后方。可以说，长征的胜利为夺取中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利进而夺取新民主主义革命胜利奠定了坚实基础。

After the victory of the New Democratic Revolution, how to build a New China became an even more arduous task facing the Chinese Communist Party. The Long March spirit provided profound inspiration for the construction of New China. At the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Party, Mao Zedong put forward a famous thesis: "To win nationwide victory is only the first step in a Long March of ten thousand li." "The Chinese revolution is great, but the road after the revolution will be longer, the work greater and more arduous." Facing the imminent great victory and a country in ruins awaiting reconstruction, the Chinese Communists did not wallow in the joy of victory. Taking the Long March as their inspiration, they kept a clear head and deeply understood that revolutionary victory was only a beginning, and that building a New China would require an even longer and more arduous road to travel. "This story arises from careful planning; when plans are made, events come into being. Success comes from dedicated effort; when one focuses on a task, it succeeds. Failure comes from arrogance; when one is arrogant and careless, one loses the matter." [17]17 This is a classical Chinese aphorism from the *Guoyu* (Discourses of the States), an ancient historical text, emphasizing the importance of foresight, diligent effort, and the danger of arrogance. Only by preparing for contingencies, strengthening the awareness of potential dangers, and making thorough considerations and meticulous arrangements can various policies and measures be implemented and achieve good results. Mao Zedong admonished all Party comrades, "It is imperative that comrades continue to maintain the style of modesty, prudence, and freedom from arrogance and impatience, and it is imperative that comrades continue to maintain the style of hard struggle." [18]18 These are the famous "Two Imperatives" (两个务必) from Mao Zedong's speech at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee in 1949, which became a guiding principle for the Party after the founding of the PRC. The "Two Imperatives" and the thesis of "the first step in a Long March of ten thousand li" complemented and were internally unified with each other, jointly constructing the guiding principle for the continued struggle of Chinese Communists after the victory of the revolution, profoundly demonstrating the far-reaching influence and epochal value of the Long March spirit in the development of the Party and the nation.

新民主主义革命胜利后，如何建设新中国成为中国共产党面临的更为艰巨的任务。长征精神为新中国建设提供了深刻启示。在党的七届二中全会上，毛泽东提出了一个著名论断：“夺取全国胜利，这只是万里长征走完了第一步。”“中国的革命是伟大的，但革命以后的路程更长，工作更伟大，更艰苦。”面对即将到来的伟大胜利，面对百废待兴的国家，中国共产党人没有沉浸在胜利的喜悦中，而是以长征为启迪，保持着清醒的头脑，深刻认识到革命胜利只是一个开端，建设新中国还有更长、更艰巨的路要走。“是故事者生于虑，谋虑则事生也。成于务，专务则事成也。失于傲。轻傲则失事也。”只有未雨绸缪，增强忧患意识，周密考虑和精心安排，才能把各项政策措施落到实处，取得好的结果。毛泽东告诫全党同志，“务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗的作风”。“两个务必”与“万里长征走完了第一步”的论断相辅相成、内在统一，共同构筑了中国共产党人在革命胜利后接续奋斗的行动遵循，深刻彰显了长征精神在党和国家事业发展中的深远影响与时代价值。

After the conclusion of the "Cultural Revolution," China faced a major historical choice about where to go. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "A party, a state, a nation — if everything proceeds from the textbook, if thinking becomes rigid and superstition prevails, then it cannot advance, its vitality will cease, and it will lead to the ruin of the party and the nation." At this critical juncture, the Party and the state urgently needed an ideological liberation and a strategic reorientation to consolidate the will of the entire Party and the people of the whole country, and to set out again on the journey toward national prosperity and strength and national rejuvenation. At this time, the Red Army's Long March was endowed with new epochal connotations, and the concept of the "New Long March" emerged as the times required, becoming an important emblem for carrying forward and promoting the great founding spirit of the Party during the period of reform and opening up and the new era of socialist modernization. In December 1978, Deng Xiaoping delivered an important speech at the closing session of the Central Work Conference, entitled "Emancipate the Mind, Seek Truth from Facts, Unite and Look Forward." This speech was the declaration of reform and opening up, and it repeatedly mentioned the "new Long March" and "New Long March," showing the great influence of Long March discourse on reform and opening up. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, "The entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all nationalities across the country, under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee, will certainly continue to achieve new victories in the new Long March," and "As long as we all unite as one, share the same heart and mind, emancipate our minds, use our brains, and learn things we did not know before, we will certainly be able to quicken the pace of the new Long March." The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party called on the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all nationalities across the country "to carry out a new Long March to build our country into a modern, powerful socialist state within this century." Guided by the Long March spirit, the Chinese Communist Party led the people of all nationalities across the country from then on onto the new great journey of reform and opening up.

“文化大革命”结束后，中国面临向何处去的重大历史抉择。邓小平指出：“一个党，一个国家，一个民族，如果一切从本本出发，思想僵化，迷信盛行，那它就不能前进，它的生机就停止了，就要亡党亡国。”关键时期，党和国家亟需一场思想解放与战略转向，凝聚全党全国人民意志，重新踏上实现国家富强和民族复兴的征程。此时，红军长征又被赋予新的时代内涵，“新长征”的概念应运而生，成为改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期弘扬伟大建党精神的重要标识。1978年12月，邓小平在中央工作会议闭幕会上作了题为《解放思想，实事求是，团结一致向前看》的重要讲话。这篇讲话是改革开放的宣言，其中多次提到“新的长征”和“新长征”，可见长征话语对改革开放影响之大。邓小平指出，“全党、全军和全国各族人民在党中央的正确领导下，在新的长征中，一定会不断取得新的胜利”，“只要我们大家团结一致，同心同德，解放思想，开动脑筋，学会原来不懂的东西，我们就一定能够加快新长征的步伐”。党的十一届三中全会号召全党、全军和全国各族人民“为在本世纪内把我国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国而进行新的长征”。以长征精神为引领，中国共产党领导全国各族人民从此踏上了改革开放新的伟大征程。

Since reform and opening up, at each decennial commemorative congress marking the victory of the Red Army's Long March, the speeches of Party and state leaders have explicitly mentioned the "new Long March," "New Long March," or "new great Long March." In October 1986, Yang Shangkun stated at the congress commemorating the 50th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March: "Today, in the new Long March of building a highly civilized, highly democratic modern socialist state, we still need to inherit and carry forward the Long March spirit." In October 1996, at the congress commemorating the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, Jiang Zemin pointed out: "The people of all our nationalities, under the leadership of the Party, are uniting and struggling to build the motherland into a prosperous, strong, democratic, and civilized modern socialist state. Realizing this grand goal is a heavy responsibility and a long road. This is a new great Long March." "The key now is to implement it comprehensively and correctly in practice, and to pay a huge and arduous price to win the new Long March." In October 2006, at the congress commemorating the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, Hu Jintao pointed out: "Today, carrying out reform and opening up and socialist modernization, comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society, actively constructing a socialist harmonious society, opening up the new situation of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and striving to build our country into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious modern socialist state and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation — this is the new great Long March that our Party is uniting and leading the people of all nationalities across the country to carry out. On the journey of the new Long March, we must certainly inherit and carry forward the glorious revolutionary tradition of the Red Army's Long March." The connotation of the "New Long March" has continuously been enriched and developed as the conditions and tasks of the times have changed, inspiring the Chinese Communist Party to lead the people in working hard to initiate, uphold, and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.

改革开放以来，在历次逢十周年纪念红军长征胜利的大会上，党和国家领导人的讲话都明确提到“新的长征”“新长征”或“新的伟大长征”。1986年10月，杨尚昆在纪念红军长征胜利50周年大会上提出：“今天，在建设高度文明、高度民主的社会主义现代化国家的新长征中，我们仍然需要继承和发扬长征精神。”1996年10月，在纪念红军长征胜利60周年大会上，江泽民指出：“我国各族人民在党的领导下，正在为把祖国建设成为富强民主文明的社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗。实现这个宏伟目标，任重而道远。这是新的伟大长征。”“现在的关键是，要在实践中全面正确地贯彻执行，要为取得新长征的胜利付出巨大而艰辛的努力。”2006年10月，在纪念红军长征胜利70周年大会上，胡锦涛指出：“今天，我们进行改革开放和社会主义现代化建设，全面建设小康社会，积极构建社会主义和谐社会，开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面，为把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家、为实现中华民族的伟大复兴而奋斗，就是我们党团结带领全国各族人民进行的新的伟大长征。在新长征的征途上，我们一定要继承和发扬红军长征的光荣革命传统。”“新长征”的内涵随着时代条件和形势任务的变化而不断丰富发展，激励着中国共产党领导人民为开创、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义而努力奋斗。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era. The historic achievements and historic transformations in the cause of the Party and the state have infused the "New Long March" of the New Era with new epochal connotations. Carrying forward the Long March spirit and drawing on the rich historical allegories of the Long March are of great significance for inspiring the people of all nationalities across the country to advance courageously and realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has used the "Long March road" and "New Long March" on multiple occasions as metaphors for the great cause, the great spirit, and the sense of responsibility and commitment. First, he emphasizes that the Long March was a great expedition of ideals and faith. The Long March spirit enlightens us that revolutionary ideals are higher than heaven, and that through theoretical arming we must firmly lay the foundation of ideals and faith, strengthening faith in Marxism, belief in socialism with Chinese characteristics, and confidence in the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Second, he carries forward the profound meaning of the Long March in overcoming difficulties and dangers, vividly comparing the complex and arduous tasks facing the Party on the new Long March road to the difficult obstacles conquered by the Red Army during the Long March, such as snow-covered mountains, grasslands, the Pass of Mount Lu, the Gorge of Lazi, and Mount Liupan. [19]19 These are specific geographical locations that were sites of famous battles or difficult traversals during the historical Long March (1934–1935). This is done to inspire the entire Party, in great struggles such as technological innovation, reform攻坚, and risk response, to always maintain a posture of tenacious struggle, continuously solving development problems and opening up new prospects for the cause. General Secretary Xi Jinping once vividly compared the decisive stage of poverty alleviation to the Red Army crossing Mount Liupan during the Long March: "This is like Mount Liupan, the last high mountain the Red Army had to cross during the Long March," "Only by crossing this mountain can the Long March of poverty alleviation and development achieve its final victory." Third, he carries forward the meaning of the Long March's original aspiration for the people, requiring Chinese Communists to always practice their original aspiration and undertake their founding mission, continuously enhancing the well-being of the people. At the congress commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, General Secretary Xi Jinping recounted the story of the "half a quilt," [20]20 This refers to a well-known story from the Long March era, where a Red Army soldier gave half of his only quilt to a poor, cold villager, symbolizing the Party's bond with the people. emphasizing that "The Communist Party is one that, even if it has only one quilt for itself, will cut half of it to give to the common people. Sharing the same hardships, being connected by blood, and sharing life and death with the people is the fundamental guarantee for the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army to win the Long March, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for us to overcome all difficulties and risks." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Every generation has its own Long March road; every generation must walk its own Long March road well." The Long March spirit is a spiritual treasure that transcends time and space, a powerful engine for the great founding spirit of the Party to play its guiding role, inspiring generation after generation to strive tirelessly for the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，党和国家事业取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革，为新时代的“新长征”注入了新的时代内涵。传承长征精神、汲取长征的丰富历史寓意，对于激励全国各族人民奋勇前进、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦具有重要意义。习近平总书记在多个场合运用“长征路”和“新长征”来比喻伟大事业、伟大精神和责任担当。一是强调长征是一次理想信念的伟大远征。长征精神启示我们，革命理想高于天，要通过理论武装筑牢理想信念之基，坚定对马克思主义的信仰、对中国特色社会主义的信念、对中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的信心。二是传承长征攻坚克难的深刻寓意，将新长征路上党面临的复杂艰巨任务，形象比作红军长征中征服的雪山、草地、娄山关、腊子口、六盘山等艰难险阻。以此激励全党在科技创新、改革攻坚、风险应对等伟大斗争中，始终保持顽强奋斗的姿态，不断破解发展难题、开辟事业新局。习近平总书记曾将脱贫攻坚的决胜阶段，形象地比喻为红军长征途中翻越六盘山，“这就像六盘山是当年红军长征要翻越的最后一座高山一样”，“只有翻越了这座山，扶贫开发的万里长征才能取得最后胜利”。三是传承长征为民初心的寓意，要求中国共产党人始终践行初心、担当使命，不断增进人民福祉。习近平总书记在纪念红军长征胜利80周年大会上讲述了“半条被子”的故事，强调“共产党就是自己有一条被子，也要剪下半条给老百姓的人。同人民风雨同舟、血脉相通、生死与共，是中国共产党和红军取得长征胜利的根本保证，也是我们战胜一切困难和风险的根本保证”。习近平总书记指出：“每一代人有每一代人的长征路，每一代人都要走好自己的长征路。”长征精神是跨越时空的精神财富，是发挥伟大建党精神引领作用的强大引擎，激励着一代又一代人为实现中华民族伟大复兴而不懈奋斗。

The influence of the Long March and the Long March spirit on Chinese society is all-encompassing, from national construction to science, technology, and military industry, and from urban and rural spaces to culture, education, and healthcare. All manner of "Long March" naming is a vivid carrier of the Long March spirit taking root in social life. First, in the realm of major national instruments and national defense and military industry, major achievements named after the "Long March" bear the mission of self-reliance and responsibility. In 1970, the "Long March-1" carrier rocket successfully launched the "Dongfanghong-1" satellite. Subsequently, the Long March series of rockets supported all major missions, including crewed spaceflight, the space station, and deep-space exploration, symbolizing that the space industry, like the Long March, advances step by step through checkpoints and treads among the stars. On August 1, 1974, China's first Type 091 attack nuclear submarine was officially named "Long March-1" and formally entered the naval battle sequence. This naming, originating from a proposal by frontline workers, symbolizes the spirit of self-reliance and overcoming difficulties in the "scientific and technological Long March" of nuclear submarine development. In 1978, the "Regulations on the Naming of Naval Vessels" were promulgated, stipulating that nuclear submarines be uniformly named with "Long March" plus a serial number, institutionalizing and standardizing the naming of the "Long March series nuclear submarines." During the same period, China's domestically developed Long March-type gas turbine locomotives served the construction of the national railway trunk line, bearing the spirit of arduous struggle in transportation infrastructure under the name "Long March." The use of "Long March" for major national instruments signifies replicating the resilience of the Red Army crossing snow-covered mountains and marshlands amid technological blockades and technical gaps, forging a path of independent innovation toward a strong nation. Second, in the realm of urban and rural spaces and public landmarks, the "Long March" naming is deeply rooted in the lives of the masses, integrating red memories into daily life. Throughout the country, in places where the Long March passed through and in old revolutionary base areas, it is common to name urban and rural infrastructure after the "Long March," such as Long March Boulevard and Long March Bridge. In particular, the Long March National Cultural Park, as a national-level red cultural tourism project covering 15 provinces and regions, achieves the常态化浸润 of red culture into grassroots society. Various Long March-themed public facilities are implemented in social governance, aiming to consolidate the social foundation of the flesh-and-blood bond between the Party and the people. Third, in the realm of education and grassroots organizations, naming after the "Long March" transmits ideals and beliefs. Schools named after the "Long March" focus on educating people with the Long March spirit, conveying to young people the values of firm faith and arduous struggle, reshaping the spiritual foundation of the youth. Many localities have established "New Long March突击队" and "Long March Party Member Demonstration Posts," using the Long March spirit to inspire grassroots cadres to overcome difficulties and implement the original aspiration and founding mission in serving the masses. Fourth, in the realm of healthcare and people's livelihood institutions, naming after the "Long March" implements the people-centered original aspiration and continues the deep bond between the military and the people. Hospitals named after the "Long March" inherit the Red Army's fine tradition of saving lives and caring for the masses; many local health centers and community medical service centers have established "Long March treatment rooms," adhering to the principle of serving the people under the name "Long March," vividly proving the spiritual core of the Long March: "sharing life and death with the people." Fifth, in the realm of artistic creation and cultural载体, numerous works named after the "Long March" construct a diverse and richly formed red narrative system, making the Long March story a shared cultural memory for the entire society. The "Long March" naming across all walks of life is by no means a simple borrowing of a symbol; rather, it uses the Long March spirit to consolidate the foundation of faith, transforming the abstract spiritual core into a shared value pursuit of the entire society,凝聚起 a powerful spiritual force for forging ahead.

长征和长征精神在中国社会的影响是全方位的，从国家建设到科教军工，从城乡空间到文教医疗，各类“长征”命名都是长征精神落地社会生活的生动载体。一是在大国重器与国防军工领域，以“长征”命名的重大成果承载着自立自强的使命担当。1970年，“长征一号”运载火箭成功发射“东方红一号”卫星，此后长征系列火箭支撑了载人航天、空间站、深空探测等全部重大任务，寓意航天事业如长征般步步闯关、踏星前行。1974年8月1日，我国第一艘091型攻击核潜艇被正式命名为“长征一号”，正式编入海军战斗序列，这一源自一线工人提议的命名，象征着核潜艇研制自力更生、攻坚克难的“科技长征”精神。1978年，《海军舰艇命名条例》颁布，规定核潜艇统一以“长征”加序号命名，使“长征系列核潜艇”命名制度化、规范化。同期，我国研制的长征型燃气轮机车服务全国铁路干线建设，以“长征”之名承载交通基建艰苦奋斗的底色。大国重器取用“长征”，寓意着在科技封锁与技术空白中，复刻红军翻越雪山草地的坚韧，走出一条自主创新的强国之路。二是在城乡空间与公共地标领域，“长征”命名深深扎根于群众生活，让红色记忆融入日常。全国各地长征途经地和革命老区，普遍以“长征”命名城乡基础设施，如长征大道、长征大桥等。特别是长征国家文化公园，作为国家级红色文旅工程覆盖15个省区，实现了红色文化对基层社会的常态化浸润。各类长征主题公共设施落地社会治理，旨在筑牢党和人民血肉相连的社会基础。三是在教育与基层组织领域，以“长征”命名传承理想信念。以“长征”命名的学校，重在以长征精神育人，向青少年传递坚定信仰、艰苦奋斗的价值观，重塑青年群体的精神底色。多地设立“新长征突击队”“长征党员示范岗”，以长征精神激励基层干部攻坚克难，在服务群众中践行初心使命。四是在医疗卫生与民生机构领域，以“长征”命名践行为民初心，延续军民鱼水深情。以“长征”命名的医院，传承着红军救死扶伤、心系群众的优良传统；许多地方的卫生院、社区医疗服务中心也设立“长征诊疗室”，以“长征”之名坚守为民服务宗旨，生动印证了长征“与人民生死相依”的精神内核。五是在文艺创作与文化载体方面，众多作品以“长征”命名，构建起题材丰富、形态多样的红色叙事体系，让长征故事成为全社会共同的文化记忆。遍布各行各业的“长征”命名绝非简单的符号借用，而是以长征精神筑牢信仰根基，将抽象的精神内核转化为全社会的共同价值追求，凝聚起砥砺前行的强大精神力量。

IV. The International Dissemination of the Long March Spirit Promotes the Inheritance and Promotion of the Great Founding Spirit of the Party

四、长征精神的国际传播推动了伟大建党精神的传承和弘扬

The Great Founding Spirit of the Party is a highly political and relatively sensitive concept, making its international dissemination quite difficult. The Red Army soldiers, with their indomitable will, conquered the limits of human survival, composed a magnificent war epic in world military history, and created an earth-shaking human miracle, possessing powerful appeal and震撼力 internationally. The Long March spirit, with its epic feat of monumental proportions and its shared human spiritual values, has become the earliest and most widely recognized symbolic symbol for the international community to understand the Chinese Communist Party and the spirit of the Chinese Revolution. The widespread dissemination of the Long March spirit internationally actually highlights the unique character and tenacious作风 of the people's army led by the Chinese Communist Party, providing rich resources for disseminating the Great Founding Spirit of the Party on the international stage.

伟大建党精神是一个政治性强、相对敏感的概念，在国际上传播的难度比较大。红军将士用顽强意志征服了人类生存极限，谱写了世界军事史上波澜壮阔的战争史诗，创造了气吞山河的人间奇迹，在国际上具有强大感染力和震撼力。长征精神以其气壮山河的史诗壮举与共同的人类精神价值，成为国际社会认知中国共产党和中国革命精神最早、最广泛的标志性符号。长征精神在国际上的广泛传播，实际上彰显了中国共产党领导的人民军队所独有的优秀品格和顽强作风，为在国际舞台传播伟大建党精神提供了丰厚资源。

The victory of the Long March reshaped the world's perception of the Chinese Revolution, breaking through Western media偏见. Internationally, some people initially viewed the Long March with curiosity or even skepticism, but after serious investigation and deep reflection, they often turned into admirers and disseminators of the Long March and its spirit. The Swiss-born British missionary Rudolf Bosshardt (Chinese name 薄复礼) accompanied the Sixth Red Army Corps on the Long March for over a year, traveling more than 10,000 li. In 1936, he published *The Guiding Hand: The Story of a Missionary's Release by the Chinese Reds* in the UK, becoming the earliest Western document recording the Long March. American journalist Edgar Snow entered the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region for interviews in June 1936 and published *Red Star Over China* in the UK in October 1937, the first comprehensive and systematic report on the Long March to the world. It was quickly translated into more than 20 languages, including French, German, Russian, and Japanese, exerting enormous international influence. Snow predicted: "Some day someone will write the whole epic of this exciting expedition." Subsequently, foreign journalists such as Agnes Smedley, Helen Foster, and Harrison Forman successively visited Yan'an, further disseminating the Long March's事迹, breaking the Kuomintang's distorted propaganda about the CPC, changing the Western stereotype of China's red forces, and allowing the world to see the true face of the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army.

长征胜利重塑了世界对中国革命的认知，打破了西方舆论偏见。国际上，一些人最初是抱着好奇甚至怀疑的态度看待长征的，但在经过严肃考证和深入思考后，往往转而成为长征和长征精神的赞扬者与传播者。瑞士籍英国传教士勃沙特（中文名薄复礼）随红六军团长征一年多、行程万余里，1936年在英国出版《神灵之手——一个被红军释放的外国传教士见闻录》，成为西方世界最早记录长征的文献。美国记者埃德加·斯诺1936年6月进入陕甘宁边区进行采访，1937年10月在英国出版《红星照耀中国》（中译名《西行漫记》），首次向世界全面、系统报道长征历程，很快被译成法、德、俄、日等20余种文字，在国际上产生巨大影响。斯诺预言：“总有一天有人会把这部激动人心的远征史诗全部写下来。”此后，史沫特莱、海伦·福斯特、哈里森·福尔曼等外国记者相继访问延安，进一步传播长征事迹，打破了国民党对中共的歪曲宣传，改变了西方社会对中国红色力量的刻板印象，让世界看到了中国共产党和红军的真实面貌。

The Chinese Communist Party, tempered by the Long March, won substantive respect from the Comintern. In February 1935, the Comintern learned through news reports and other channels that the Central Red Army had entered Sichuan. The magazine *Bolshevik* promptly published an article, ranking the breaking of the enemy's plan to "encircle and annihilate the Chinese Red Army in one fell swoop" as the primary achievement of the Long March, praising that "China has a truly Bolshevik party." In July 1935, Moscow learned of the historic junction of the Central Red Army and the Fourth Front Army, making the high assessment that "the Chinese Communist Party has now become one of the finest and strongest sections of the Comintern." Manuilsky, the secretary of the Comintern Executive Committee, believed that the Chinese Communist Party had become "completely different" from before, "indeed a vigorous party that has grown into a巨大力量 in China." Based on this affirmation, the Comintern recognized the fait accompli of the change in CPC leadership and fully affirmed the pioneering significance in Comintern history of the CPC independently handling its internal crisis and solving its own national revolutionary problems. The shift in the Comintern's attitude was mainly manifested in its clear support for Mao Zedong, the leader tempered by the Long March, enabling the enlarged Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth CPC Central Committee to "decide the fate of China," profoundly influencing the future and destiny of the Chinese Revolution.

长征锤炼的中国共产党赢得了共产国际的实质性尊重。1935年2月，共产国际通过新闻报道等途径得知中央红军进入四川，《布尔什维克》杂志随即刊文，把打破敌人“一举包围和歼灭中国红军”的战略计划推为长征首要战果，盛赞“中国有一个真正布尔什维克的党”。1935年7月，莫斯科得知中央红军和红四方面军实现历史性会师，作出“中国共产党现在已成为共产国际最优秀、最强大的支部之一”的高度评价。共产国际执委会书记曼努伊尔斯基认为，中国共产党已经同过去“完全不同”，“确实在中国成长为一支巨大力量的生气勃勃的党”。正是基于这样的肯定，共产国际承认了中共改换领导的既成事实，并充分肯定了中共独立处理内部危机、解决本国革命问题在共产国际历史上的开创性意义。共产国际态度的转变，主要表现为对历经长征淬炼的领袖毛泽东的明确支持，使中共扩大的六届六中全会得以“决定中国之命运”，深远地影响了中国革命的前途和命运。

The Long March, as a military miracle, has won high praise from the international military community. The American military scholar Samuel Griffith compared the Long March with the retreat of Xenophon’s ten thousand Greeks from Persia to the Black Sea in 400 BCE, arguing that the Chinese Communists accomplished an even more magnificent feat: they repeatedly tested and proved the human capacity to endure unspeakable suffering, proved that people can overcome the obstacles set by nature — a natural force seemingly determined to block their advance — and can also defeat enemies equally determined to annihilate them, and finally achieve their set objectives. Edgar Snow stated unequivocally: “The Long March is one of the great military feats in history!” Western assessments of the Long March’s unique place in military history emphasize that it was not a simple military retreat but a military epic that integrated strategic redeployment, tactical innovation, and the tempering of will, providing a vivid example of the weak overcoming the strong for world military theory. The Japanese scholar Okamoto Ryuzo published *The Long March: A Record of the Chinese Revolution’s Tempering* in 1965 and *A History of the Chinese Revolutionary Long March* in 1969. The British scholar Dick Wilson published *The Long March 1935: The Epic of Chinese Communism’s Struggle for Survival* in 1971, marking the entry of Long March studies into an academic phase. In 1984, the American writer Harrison Salisbury spent two and a half months retracing the Long March route and published *The Long March: The Untold Story*, arguing that the Long March is unparalleled in the history of human activity and that “no comparison can adequately describe the Long March”. The American scholars Jane Fritz and Benjamin Yang (Yang Bingzhang) published *China’s Long March: 6,000 Miles of Danger* in 1988 and *From Revolution to Politics: The Long March and the Rise of Mao Zedong* in 1990 respectively; these works are rich in source material and have become important academic studies of the Long March. Subsequently, works such as the British scholar Howard’s *Long March to Freedom*, the French scholar Dupuis’s *The Long March Led by Mao Zedong*, and the Japanese scholar Hanto Hiroshi’s *The Chinese Red Army: The Difficult and Perilous 25,000 Li* were published successively. These works gradually shifted the study of the Long March from journalistic narrative to academic inquiry, enabling the international community’s understanding of the Long March to become more objective and comprehensive. The military value of the Long March is also reflected in organizational resilience and fighting spirit. In March 2005, the retired Israeli officer Wu David retraced the route of the First Front Red Army’s Long March, taking 138 days to travel from Ruijin, Jiangxi, to Wuqi, Shaanxi, covering more than 1,200 kilometers on foot and 24,000 kilometers by car, passing through nine provinces and autonomous regions. He said: “The Red Army did not stop advancing after the Long March ended but continued with new battles. Today, China is walking on the path of a new Long March — the spirit of fearing no difficulty and persevering with tenacity in Chinese culture inspired the Red Army to complete the Long March and will continue to inspire the Chinese people to greet new victories.”

长征作为军事奇迹，赢得了国际军事界高度赞誉。美国军事学家塞缪尔·格里菲斯将长征与公元前400年希腊色诺芬率万人从波斯撤退至黑海作比较，认为中国共产党人完成了一项更为宏伟的壮举：他们反复检验并证明了人类承受难以言喻苦难的能力，证明了人能够克服自然设下的重重阻碍——那仿佛一心要阻挠他们前行的自然力量；也能够战胜同样决意将其消灭的敌人，并最终实现既定目标。斯诺明确指出：“长征是军事史上伟大的业绩之一！”西方人士对长征在军事史上独特地位的评价，强调它不是单纯的军事撤退，而是将战略转移、战术创新与意志磨砺融为一体的军事史诗，为世界军事理论提供了以弱胜强的生动范例。日本学者冈本隆三分别于1965年、1969年出版《长征——中国革命锻炼的记录》与《中国革命长征史》。英国学者迪克·威尔逊1971年出版《一九三五年长征：中国共产主义生存斗争的史诗》，标志着长征研究进入学术化阶段。1984年，美国作家哈里森·索尔兹伯里历时两个半月重走长征路，出版《长征——前所未闻的故事》，认为长征在人类活动史上举世无双，“没有任何比拟能恰如其分地形容长征”。美国学者简·弗瑞兹、本杰明·杨（杨炳章）分别于1988年、1990年出版《中国的长征：6000英里的险遇》《从革命到政治：长征与毛泽东的崛起》，这些著作史料丰富，成为研究长征的重要学术著作。此后，英国杭尔德的《向自由的长征》，法国迪皮伊的《毛泽东领导的长征》，日本宾户宽的《中国红军——困难与险峻的二万五千里》等著作陆续出版。这些著作将长征的研究从新闻叙事逐步转向学术探讨，使国际社会对长征的认知更加客观全面。长征的军事价值还体现于组织韧性与战斗精神。2005年3月，以色列退役军官武大卫重走了当年红一方面军的长征路线，历时138天，从江西瑞金到达陕西吴起镇，其间步行1200多公里、汽车行程2.4万公里，途经9个省、自治区。他说：“红军在长征结束之后并没有停止前进的步伐，而是继续着新的战斗。如今，中国正走在新长征的征途之上——中国文化中不畏艰险、坚韧不拔的精神激励着红军走完了长征之路，也将继续激励着中国人迎接新的胜利。”

The Long March spirit has already become a spiritual asset of humanity that transcends national boundaries. Firm ideals and convictions, an indomitable will that fears no hardship, and revolutionary optimism have crossed the barriers of ideology, region, and era, resonating widely with the international community. In describing the Long March spirit, Snow wrote: “Adventure, exploration, discovery, courage and cowardice, victory and ecstasy, hardship and sacrifice, loyalty — these enduring passions of thousands upon thousands of young people, their unflagging hope, their astonishing revolutionary optimism, like a flame, runs through all of this.” Salisbury believed the Long March was “not a ‘march’ in the traditional sense, not a simple battle, nor a simple victory”. He emphasized that the human steadfastness and fearlessness displayed by the Long March are spiritual values common to all humanity. Dick Wilson pointed out that the Long March has always been an unparalleled human epic, displaying indomitable perseverance and determination, and that the extraordinary courage, both collective and individual, shown by this army between 1934 and 1935 will surely win the respect and admiration of people everywhere and in every era. This assessment precisely captures the international significance of the Long March spirit: it is no longer an exclusive symbol of the Chinese revolution but a spiritual symbol for all humanity in overcoming difficulties and pursuing ideals.

长征精神已然成为超越国界的人类精神财富。坚定的理想信念、不畏艰险的坚韧意志与革命乐观主义精神，跨越意识形态、地域与时代的藩篱，引发国际社会的广泛共鸣。斯诺在描述长征精神时写道：“冒险、探索、发现、勇气和胆怯、胜利和狂喜、艰难困苦、英勇牺牲、忠心耿耿，这些千千万万青年人的经久不衰的热情、始终如一的希望、令人惊诧的革命乐观情绪，像一把烈焰，贯穿着这一切。”索尔兹伯里认为长征“不是传统意义上的‘征程’，不是一场简单的战役，也不是简单的胜利”。他强调，长征所展现的人类坚定无畏是全人类共通的精神价值。迪克·威尔逊则指出，长征始终是一段无与伦比的人类史诗，展现了顽强不屈的毅力与决心，这支军队在1934至1935年间所展现出的集体与个人的非凡勇气，必将赢得世界各地、历代人们的尊重与钦佩。这一评价精准概括了长征精神的国际意义，它不再是中国革命的专属符号，而是全人类战胜困难、追求理想的精神象征。

The Red Army soldiers’ willingness to sacrifice their lives for national liberation and revolutionary ideals, and the selfless dedication and collectivist spirit they displayed, have also won high recognition from the international community. The Long March spirit has transcended the historical scope of the Chinese revolution to become an important component of humanity’s spiritual treasury, providing valuable spiritual motivation for the peoples of all countries to meet challenges and pursue progress. In July 1981, Zbigniew Brzezinski, former U.S. National Security Advisor, retraced the Long March route and published an article in *Life* magazine titled “Pilgrimage to the Red Army’s Long March”, stating that the Long March “is not merely an unmatched epic of heroism; its meaning is much deeper. It is a reminder of the spirit of national unity and a necessary factor in overcoming backwardness.” At the beginning of the new century, two young British scholars, Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen, once again shouldered their packs and retraced the Long March route. Jocelyn praised the Long March as “a magnificent epic, with heroism, sacrifice, and endurance as its main themes”. The two not only experienced the hardships of the Red Army’s Long March but also deeply felt the new atmosphere on the path of the new Long March: “Where the Red Army once passed through barren mountains and desolate lands, many bustling, prosperous towns have now been built. Retracing the Long March route has allowed me to understand the real China.”

红军将士为民族解放与革命理想不惜牺牲生命，所展现的无私奉献与集体主义精神，同样获得了国际社会的高度认可。长征精神已超越中国革命的历史范畴，成为人类精神宝库的重要组成部分，为各国人民应对挑战、追求进步提供了宝贵的精神动力。1981年7月，曾任美国总统国家安全事务助理的布热津斯基重走长征路后，在美国《生活》杂志上发表《沿着红军长征路朝圣记》一文，指出长征“绝不只是一部无可匹敌的英雄主义的史诗，它的意义要深刻得多。它是国家统一精神的提示，也是克服落后东西的必要因素”。新世纪伊始，来自英国的两位年轻学者李爱德和马普安，再次背上行囊重走长征路。李爱德歌颂长征“是一首壮丽的史诗，英勇、牺牲和忍耐贯穿它的主旋律”。二人不仅领略了红军长征的艰辛，更深深感受到新长征路上的新气象，“当年红军走过的是穷山恶水和不毛之地，而如今建设出不少热闹、繁荣的城镇。重走长征路，让我认识到一个真正的中国”。

The victory of the Long March provided important inspiration for the world proletarian revolution and national liberation movements. During the Long March, the Chinese Communist Party independently resolved the problems of the Chinese revolution, broke free from the dogmatic constraints of the Comintern, established Mao Zedong’s leadership position, and formed the ideological line of seeking truth from facts, providing a reference for communist parties in other countries exploring their own revolutionary paths. After the victory of the Long March, the revolutionary forces led by the Chinese Communist Party developed rapidly, becoming an important force in the world anti-fascist war and making a great contribution to the victory in the Asian theater. Revolutionaries from some Asian socialist countries drew strength from the Long March, pushing the international communist movement to shift from copying the Soviet model to adapting to their own national conditions. The North Korean leader Kim Il-sung explicitly pointed out that the Chinese Communists, under the banner of resisting Japan and marching north, began the 25,000-li Long March, turning from retreat and defeat to partial offensive and expanding their gains, “which greatly encouraged us”. “The surging tide of the Chinese Communists marching north to resist Japan, and the vigorous anti-Japanese national salvation movement unfolding on the Chinese mainland, also created favorable conditions for the revolutionary struggle of Chinese and Korean communists in the Manchuria region, including East Manchuria.” The Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh was also deeply inspired by the Long March spirit; in leading Vietnam’s resistance wars against France and the United States, he drew on the Red Army’s strategy and tactics, displaying an indomitable will. During the Long March, the Red Army raised high the banner of resisting Japan and marching north, combining the domestic revolutionary war with the national salvation movement, winning the support of the entire nation, and setting an example for the world anti-fascist war and national liberation movements. Leaders of national independence movements in India, Indonesia, Burma, and other Asian countries learned about the Long March through the reports of journalists like Snow and were deeply inspired. Leaders of the Indian National Congress repeatedly cited the deeds of the Long March to inspire the Indian people to resist British colonial rule. Leaders of African national liberation movements also regarded the Long March as a model of a weak nation overcoming a strong enemy, drawing on the Red Army’s guerrilla tactics and mass line. The American scholar Steven J. Morwood pointed out: “The Long March is a watershed, the crack between ‘BC’ and ‘AD’ in revolutionary history. All subsequent historical changes in China must be interpreted and explained by tracing them back to this unprecedented miracle.” This assessment profoundly reveals the epoch-making significance of the Long March for world revolution and national liberation movements, demonstrating that oppressed peoples, as long as they hold firm convictions and unite in struggle, can overcome powerful enemies and achieve national independence and people’s liberation.

长征的胜利为世界无产阶级革命和民族解放运动提供了重要启示。长征中，中国共产党独立自主解决中国革命问题，摆脱共产国际教条主义束缚，确立毛泽东的领导地位，形成实事求是的思想路线，为各国共产党探索本国革命道路提供了借鉴。长征胜利后，中国共产党领导的革命力量快速发展，成为世界反法西斯战争的重要力量，为亚洲战场胜利作出巨大贡献。亚洲一些社会主义国家的革命者从长征中汲取力量，推动国际共产主义运动从照搬苏联模式向结合本国实际转变。朝鲜领导人金日成明确指出，中国共产主义者在北上抗日的旗帜下开始了二万五千里长征，从失败退却已转向部分进攻，并正在扩大成果，“这使我们受到了很大的鼓舞”。“中国共产主义者北上抗日的滚滚洪流，在中国大陆蓬勃开展的抗日救国运动，也为包括东满在内的满洲地区朝中两国共产主义者的革命斗争创造了有利的条件。”越南领导人胡志明也深受长征精神鼓舞，在领导越南抗法、抗美斗争中，借鉴红军战略战术，展现出坚韧的意志。长征途中，红军高举北上抗日旗帜，将国内革命战争与民族救亡运动结合，赢得全国人民支持，也为世界反法西斯战争与民族解放运动树立了榜样。印度、印尼、缅甸等亚洲国家的民族独立运动领导者，通过斯诺等记者的报道了解长征，深受启发。印度国大党领导人曾多次引用长征事迹，激励印度人民反抗英国殖民统治。非洲民族解放运动领袖也将长征视为弱小民族战胜强敌的典范，借鉴红军的游击战术与群众路线。美国学者莫尔伍德指出：“长征是分水岭，是革命史上‘公元前’与‘公元后’之间的那道裂痕。此后中国发生的一切历史变革，都要以这场旷世奇迹为源头去解读、去诠释。”这一评价深刻揭示了长征对世界革命与民族解放运动的划时代意义，表明被压迫民族只要坚定信念、团结奋斗，就能战胜强大敌人，实现民族独立与人民解放。

The international influence of the Long March is comprehensive, deep-reaching, and transcends time and space. The Long March is the most distinctive identifying symbol for overseas perceptions of the CPC and the foundational character of New China; the Long March spirit transcends national boundaries and has become a spiritual treasure shared by all humanity. The Long March was selected as one of the "great events of the past millennium in human history" and stands as an important coordinate in the course of world history. The Long March has become a landmark event shaping contemporary China's international image, building a bridge for dialogue between Chinese and foreign civilizations. In 1999, *Time* magazine, in its selection of "The Most Important People of the Past 1,000 Years," listed the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army's Long March as one of the hundred events that influenced the course of human history — China had only three entries: the ancient use of gunpowder in warfare, Genghis Khan's western campaigns, and the modern-era Long March of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. This selection, proceeding from a global historical perspective, fully affirmed the Long March's place in world history. *Time* magazine considered that "the Long March is a symbol of glory," a major event that influenced the course of world history, and it is attracting increasing numbers of international observers to study and research the Long March. As American journalist Helen Foster Snow [n32] said, many foreign young people now come to China to retrace the Long March route: "I have been to many places the Long March passed through," and "the more you walk, the more you find that the Long March is like a magnet — the closer you get to it, the more you are drawn by the immense energy it contains." The Long March, as an important symbol of the Chinese revolution and its spirit, will surely further promote exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations, enabling the world to better know and understand China; the universal values for all humanity embodied in the Long March spirit will also provide spiritual nourishment for building a community with a shared future for mankind, and the great Party-founding spirit will thereby gain broader dissemination and promotion internationally.

长征的国际影响是全方位、深层次、跨越时空的。长征是海外认知中国共产党与新中国奋斗底色最鲜明的标识性符号，长征精神超越国界，成为全人类共同的精神财富。长征入选“人类千年大事”，是世界历史进程中的重要坐标。长征成为塑造当代中国国际形象的标志性事件，搭建起中外文明对话的桥梁。1999年，美国《时代》周刊在《人类1000年》评选中，将中国工农红军长征列为影响人类进程的百件大事之一——中国仅有三件入选：古代火药用于军事、成吉思汗西征，以及近现代的中国工农红军长征。这一评选从全球历史视角出发，充分肯定了长征的世界历史地位。《时代》周刊认为，“长征是光荣的象征”，是影响世界历史进程的重大事件，正吸引着越来越多的国际人士关注长征、研究长征。正如美籍记者聂子瑞所说，现在许多外国青年到中国来重走长征路，“我去过很多长征经过的地方”，“你越走越会发现，长征就像磁石，靠它越近越会被它蕴含的巨大能量所吸引”。长征作为中国革命与精神的重要符号，必将进一步促进中外文明交流互鉴，让世界更好认识中国、理解中国；长征精神所蕴含的全人类共同价值，也将为构建人类命运共同体提供精神滋养，伟大建党精神由此将在国际上获得更广泛的传播与弘扬。