Mao Zedong’s Exploration of China’s Rural Modernization

Content Summary

内容简介

Based on a wealth of historical materials, *Mao Zedong’s Exploration of China’s Rural Modernization* systematically studies Mao Zedong’s exploration of the socialist modernization path for rural China after the founding of the People’s Republic, from the dual perspectives of socialism and modernization. It conducts an in-depth analysis of the positive achievements and experiences of Mao Zedong’s exploration of the rural socialist modernization path, covering aspects such as the background of the exploration, establishing the political prerequisite for rural socialist modernization, establishing the institutional guarantee for rural socialist modernization, comprehensively advancing rural socialist modernization, efforts to consolidate the rural socialist modernization system, and the twists and turns in exploring rural socialist modernization. The book, with its rich historical materials, in-depth analysis, and fair evaluation, deepens the study of Mao Zedong in his later years and helps people correctly understand the development situation in rural areas before reform and opening up. The experiences and lessons summarized in the book from Mao Zedong’s exploration of the path of rural socialist modernization in China have great historical reference significance and practical guiding value for building a new socialist countryside today.

《毛泽东探索中国农村现代化》在占有丰富的历史资料的基础上，从社会主义和现代化的双重视角，对新中国成立后毛泽东关于农村社会主义现代化道路的探索进行了系统研究。从探索的背景、建立农村社会主义现代化的政治前提、建立农村社会主义现代化的制度保障、全面推进农村社会主义现代化、巩固农村社会主义现代化制度的努力、探索农村社会主义现代化的曲折等方面，对毛泽东探索农村社会主义现代化道路的积极成果及其经验进行了深入分析。全书以丰富的历史资料，深入的分析，公允的评价，深化了对晚年毛泽东的研究，有助于人们正确认识改革开放前农村的发展状况。全书总结的毛泽东探索中国农村社会主义现代化道路的经验教训，对于今天建设社会主义新农村具有极大的历史借鉴意义和现实指导价值。

Author Introduction

作者简介

Gong Yun: Born in September 1971, Doctor of History. Executive Deputy Director of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Deputy Director of the Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Deputy Director of the World Socialism Research Center, Researcher. Concurrently serves as a council member of the People’s Republic of China History Society, Deputy Secretary-General of the Chinese Society for the Study of Atheism, Deputy Secretary-General of the Chinese Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Research Association, and Chief Expert of major projects under the National Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project. Has long-term research on the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, independently published six books, and published nearly a hundred academic papers in newspapers and periodicals such as *Guangming Daily*, *Chinese Social Sciences Today*, *Qiushi*, *Party Building Research*, *Marxist Studies*, *Social Sciences in Chinese Higher Education*, *Red Flag Manuscript*, and *Journal of Ideological and Theoretical Education*. The co-authored *History of Thought in the 30 Years of Reform and Opening Up* won the Third Prize for Outstanding Scientific Research Achievements of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and the co-authored *China’s Road* was selected for the national “Three 100 Original Book Projects” in 2013. Received the Second Prize for research results on major topics from the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, and from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: one Special Prize, one First Prize, three Second Prizes, and five Third Prizes for information and countermeasures. Has repeatedly undertaken research topics assigned by central departments including the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the State Council Information Office, and the Ministry of Finance. Internal reports he authored have received instructions from General Secretary Xi Jinping three times, from members of the Standing Committee

龚云：1971年9月出生，历史学博士。中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心执行副主任，中国社会科学院中国特色社会主义理论系研究中心副主任和世界社会主义研究中心副主任，研究员。兼任中华人民共和国史学会理事，中国无神论学会副秘书长，中国太平天国研究会副秘书长,国家马工程重大课题首席专家。长期研究中国特色社会主义理论与实践，独立出版6本著作，在《光明日报》、《中国社会科学报》、《求是》、《党建研究》、《马克思主义研究》、《中国高校社会科学》、《红旗文稿》和《思想理论教育导刊》等报刊发表学术论文近百篇。合著的《改革开放30年思想史》获中国社会科学院优秀科研成果三等奖，合著的《中国道路》入选2013年国家“三个一百原创图书工程”。获中组部重大课题调研成果二等奖，中国社科院信息对策特等奖1次、一等奖3次、二等奖3次和三等奖5次。多次承担中办、中宣部、中组部、中纪委、国务院新闻办、财政部等中央部门交办课题。撰写的内部报告3次获习近平总书记批示，4次获中央政治局常委批示,1次获国务委员批示。

Table of Contents

目录

Introduction: Let the Peasants Stand Up, Let the Peasants Become Prosperous¹

引子 让农民站起来，让农民富起来1

Chapter One: Background to the Exploration of China’s Rural Socialist Modernization⁴¹

第一章 探索中国农村社会主义现代化的背景41

Section One: International Background⁴¹

第一节 国际背景41

Section Two: Domestic Background⁴⁷

第二节 国内背景47

Chapter Two: The Necessary Condition for China’s Rural Socialist Modernization: Land Reform⁵⁷

第二章 中国农村社会主义现代化的必要条件：土地改革57

Section One: Land Reform after the Founding of New China⁵⁷

第一节 新中国成立后的土地改革57

Section Two: The Great Significance of Land Reform⁶⁴

第二节 土地改革的重大意义64

Chapter Three: The Institutional Guarantee of China’s Rural Socialist Modernization (Part I): Agricultural Cooperation⁶⁷

第三章 中国农村社会主义现代化的制度保障（上）：农业合作化67

Section One: The Theoretical Foundation of Agricultural Cooperation: Writings of the Classic Authors⁶⁸

第一节 农业合作化的理论基础：经典作家的论述68

Section Two: The Course of Agricultural Cooperation⁸⁴

第二节 农业合作化的经过84

Section Three: An Evaluation of Agricultural Cooperation¹⁴⁴

第三节 农业合作化的评价144

Chapter Four: The Institutional Guarantee of China’s Rural Socialist Modernization (Part II): The People’s Commune Movement¹⁵⁰

第四章 中国农村社会主义现代化的制度保障（下）：人民公社化运动150

Section One: The Reasons for Mao Zedong’s Launch of the People’s Commune Movement¹⁵⁰

第一节 毛泽东发动人民公社化运动的原因150

Section Two: The Course of Mao Zedong’s Launch of the People’s Commune Movement¹⁵⁵

第二节 毛泽东发动人民公社化运动的经过155

Section Three: Mao Zedong’s Exploration of the Operational Mechanisms of the People’s Commune¹⁶⁴

第三节 毛泽东探索人民公社的运行机制164

Section Four: An Evaluation of the People’s Commune²¹⁶

第四节 对人民公社的评价216

Chapter Five: The Comprehensive Unfolding of China’s Rural Socialist Modernization (Part I)²²⁷

第五章 中国农村社会主义现代化的全面展开（上）227

Section One: Formulating the Outline for Agricultural Development (1956–1967)²³⁰

第一节 制定农业规划纲要（1956-1967）230

Section Two: Promoting Comprehensive Agricultural Development: Simultaneous Development of Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, Sideline Occupations, and Fisheries²³⁴

第二节 推动农业全面发展：农林牧副渔并举234

Section Three: Proposing the “Eight-Point Charter for Agriculture”²³⁹

第三节 提出农业“八字宪法239

Section Four: Proposing “The Fundamental Way Out for Agriculture Lies in Mechanization”²⁴⁵

第四节 提出”农业的根本出路在机械化245

Section Five: Proposing “A Great, Bright, and Hopeful Prospect”: Rural Industrialization²⁵²

第五节 提出“伟大光明灿烂的希望”：农村工业化252

Chapter Six: The Comprehensive Unfolding of China’s Rural Socialist Modernization (Part II)²⁵⁷

第六章 中国农村社会主义现代化的全面展开（下）257

Section One: Launching the Agricultural “Great Leap Forward”²⁵⁷

第一节 发动农业“大跃进257

Section Two: The Comprehensive Development of Rural Social Undertakings²⁷⁰

第二节 农村社会事业的全面发展270

Section Three: Rural Political Modernization³⁰⁰

第三节 农村政治现代化300

Chapter Seven: Efforts to Consolidate the System of China’s Rural Socialist Modernization: The Socialist Education Movement³²³

第七章 巩固中国农村社会主义现代化制度的努力：社会主义教育运动323

Section One: The Origins of the Socialist Education Movement³²³

第一节 社会主义教育运动的缘起323

Section Two: The Course of the Socialist Education Movement³²⁶

第二节 社会主义教育运动的经过326

Chapter Eight: The Twists and Turns in the Exploration of China’s Rural Socialist Modernization³⁵³

第八章 探索中国农村社会主义现代化的曲折353

Section One: “In Agriculture, Learn from Dazhai”³⁵³

第一节 “农业学大寨353

Section Two: The “May 7th Path”³⁶⁵

第二节 “五七道路365

Section Three: “Grasp Revolution, Promote Production”: The Rural Cultural Revolution³⁷³

第三节 “抓革命，促生产”：农村文化大革命373

Conclusion: Historical Reflections³⁸⁴

结语 历史的反思384

Section One: Achievements of the Exploration³⁸⁴

第一节 探索的成就384

Section Two: Lessons of the Exploration³⁸⁷

第二节 探索的教训387

Section Three: Insights from the Exploration⁴⁰⁴

第三节 探索的启示404