The Rich Implications and Contemporary Radiance of Lenin’s Theory and Practice of Party Building — Main Contents of the Book *Lenin’s Theory and Practice of Party Building*

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “Our Party was founded in accordance with the Marxist principles of Party building.” [1]1 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022; the “second centenary goal” refers to the goal of building China into a modern socialist country by the middle of the 21st century, following the completion of the first centenary goal (building a moderately prosperous society) in 2021. Over the past century and more, especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Communist Party of China has inherited and developed Marxist party theory, always staying at the forefront of the times. The Communist Party of China, a Marxist party with over 98 million members, has become more united and unified. On January 21, 2024, it marks the 100th anniversary of Lenin’s death. A comprehensive summary and systematic review of Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building is a way to commemorate him. Lenin, with firm convictions, rich theoretical contributions, bold exploration, and courageous practice, combined the party theory of Marx and Engels with new historical conditions and the realities of Russia, advancing Marxist party theory to a new stage and making outstanding contributions to the construction and development of the proletarian party. Lenin’s theory and practice of the new-type proletarian party occupy an important position in the history of the development of Marxism and still possess great theoretical significance and practical value today. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Possessing the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is our Party’s distinct political character and strong political advantage.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting marking the 95th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, July 2016. The Communist Party of China’s steadfast defense, adherence, and development of Marxist party theory, of Marxism, and of the socialist cause constitute China’s major contribution to world socialism and to human civilization.

习近平总书记指出，“我们党是按照马克思主义建党原则建立起来的”。中国共产党一百多年来，特别是党的十八大以来，继承和发展马克思主义政党理论，始终走在时代前列。中国共产党这个拥有9800多万名党员的马克思主义政党更加团结统一。2024年1月21日，列宁逝世100周年。全面总结、系统回顾列宁的党建理论与实践，是对他的纪念。列宁信念坚定、理论丰富、大胆探索、勇于实践，将马克思、恩格斯的政党理论同新的历史条件和俄国的实际相结合，将马克思主义政党理论推进到新的阶段，为无产阶级政党的建设和发展作出了杰出贡献。列宁的新型无产阶级政党理论与实践在马克思主义发展史上占有重要地位，至今仍然具有重大的理论意义和现实价值。习近平总书记指出：“拥有马克思主义科学理论指导是我们党鲜明的政治品格和强大的政治优势。”中国共产党对马克思主义政党理论、对马克思主义、对社会主义事业的执着捍卫、坚守与发展是中国对世界社会主义、对人类文明的重大贡献。

I. The Intellectual Thread of This Book

一、本书思想脉络

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Lenin combined the proletarian party theory of Marx and Engels with the new conditions of the era and the realities of Russia, advancing Marxist party theory to a new stage and promoting the development of Marxism. Under Lenin’s leadership, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, through a arduous revolutionary process, achieved victory in the October Revolution and established the socialist system. In his brief life, at every stage of the proletarian revolution and socialist construction, Lenin consistently upheld and developed Marxist party theory, driving the Party’s growth and strengthening, and leading the Russian proletarian revolution and socialist construction to continuous progress. Lenin’s theory of the new-type proletarian party withstood the tests of the proletarian revolution and socialist construction.

19世纪末20世纪初，列宁将马克思、恩格斯的无产阶级政党理论同新的时代条件和俄国的实际相结合，将马克思主义政党理论推进到新的阶段，推进了马克思主义的发展。在列宁的领导下，俄国社会民主工党经过艰辛的革命历程，取得了十月革命的胜利，建立了社会主义制度。列宁在其短暂的一生中，在无产阶级革命和社会主义建设的每一个阶段，都始终坚持和发展马克思主义政党理论，推动党成长、壮大，引领俄国无产阶级革命和社会主义建设事业不断向前发展。列宁的新型无产阶级政党理论经受住了无产阶级革命、社会主义建设的检验。

This book elaborates in detail on Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building in various periods (including both the revolutionary period and the governing period). In Russia, the combination of Marxism with the realities of Russian revolution and construction gradually gave rise to a rich and systematic theory of the proletarian party. Lenin played an outstanding role and made great contributions in this process. Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building can be broadly divided into five periods: the initial stage of the revolution, the period of creating the new-type proletarian party, the period of promoting Party unity, the early period after the victory of the October Revolution, and the period of the New Economic Policy. The book expounds on Lenin’s ideas in different periods concerning the Party’s theoretical building, organizational building, ideological and political building, work style building, discipline building, institutional building, and the building of a learning party. The content is rich, the themes are distinct, the historical materials are solid, and the exposition is rigorous, comprehensively presenting Lenin’s rich and profound theory of Party building and his great practice.

本书详细阐述了列宁在各个时期(包括革命时期和执政时期)的党建理论与实践。在俄国，马克思主义与俄国革命和建设的实际相结合，逐渐形成了丰富、系统的无产阶级政党理论。列宁在此过程中发挥了杰出作用，作出了伟大贡献。列宁的党建理论与实践大体上分为五个时期：革命的初始阶段、创建新型无产阶级政党时期、推动党的统一时期、十月革命胜利初期、新经济政策时期。全书阐述了不同时期列宁在党的理论建设、组织建设、思想政治建设、作风建设、纪律建设、制度建设以及学习型政党建设等方面的思想，内容丰富、主题鲜明，史料翔实、论述严谨，全面展现了列宁丰富而深邃的党建理论与伟大实践。

II. Important Theoretical Significance

二、重要理论意义

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out: Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for founding our Party and our country, and for revitalizing our Party and our country. “Possessing the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is the fundamental basis for our Party to firmly uphold its faith and convictions and to grasp the historical initiative.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, speech at a study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, June 2018. The Marxist theory of the proletarian party, especially Lenin’s theory of the new-type proletarian party, is the scientific guide for the proletarian party in carrying out revolution and construction. In the New Era, the Communist Party of China consistently upholds Marxist party theory, holds high the

党的二十大报告指出：马克思主义是我们立党立国、兴党兴国的根本指导思想。“拥有马克思主义科学理论指导是我们党坚定信仰信念、把握历史主动的根本所在。”马克思主义的无产阶级政党理论，特别是列宁的新型无产阶级政党理论是无产阶级政党进行革命、建设的科学指南。新时代，中国共产党始终坚持马克思主义政党理论，高举习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想伟大旗帜，坚定地向全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标的新征程进发。本书具有重要理论意义。

1. This book is a themed publication commemorating the 100th anniversary of Lenin’s death

1.本书是纪念列宁逝世100周年的主题出版物

On January 21, 1924, the proletarian revolutionary mentor Lenin passed away. Lenin left behind a wealth of writings and a vast array of practices in his lifetime. In the great process of the Russian proletarian revolution and socialist construction, he advanced the development of Marxism to a new stage — the stage of Leninism. Lenin’s theory of a new-type proletarian party occupies an important position in the history of Marxist development and the history of the international communist movement. Lenin, through his theoretical development, organizational activities, and revolutionary practice, inaugurated a new period for the new-type proletarian party in Russia. Under Lenin’s leadership, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, as a new-type proletarian party, opened a new era not only in the proletarian movement in Russia but also in the international communist movement. Under Lenin’s leadership and guided by the theory of the new-type proletarian party, Russia achieved victory in the October Socialist Revolution and created the first socialist state. After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin led and advanced Party building, enriching the theoretical propositions, institutional measures, and other aspects of Party building, inaugurating a new period of proletarian party governance and composing a great chapter of socialist construction. Lenin led the establishment and construction of the Communist International, guiding and promoting the development of communist parties and workers’ movements in various countries, making an indelible contribution to the history of the international communist movement. On the 100th anniversary of Lenin’s death, reviewing Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building helps us draw wisdom and strength from it, strengthen our ideals and convictions, and is also the best way to commemorate Lenin.

1924年1月21日，无产阶级的革命导师列宁逝世。列宁一生中著述丰富，实践壮阔。在俄国无产阶级革命和社会主义建设的伟大进程中，他将马克思主义的发展推进到了一个新的阶段——列宁主义阶段。列宁的新型无产阶级政党理论，在马克思主义发展史上和国际共产主义运动史上占有重要地位。列宁以其理论发展、组织活动及革命实践开创了俄国新型无产阶级政党的新时期。在列宁的领导下，俄国社会民主工党作为一个新型的无产阶级政党，不仅在俄国的无产阶级运动中，而且在国际共产主义运动中开创了一个新时代。在列宁的领导下，在新型的无产阶级政党理论的指引下，俄国取得了十月社会主义革命的胜利，缔造了第一个社会主义国家。十月革命胜利后，列宁领导和推进党的建设，丰富了党的建设的理论主张、制度举措等，开创了无产阶级政党执政的新时期，谱写了社会主义建设的伟大篇章。列宁领导了共产国际的建立建设，指导和推动各国共产党和工人运动的发展，在国际共产主义运动史上作出了不可磨灭的贡献。在列宁逝世100周年之际，回顾列宁的党的建设理论和实践有助于我们从中汲取智慧和力量，坚定理想信念，也是对列宁最好的纪念。

2. This book is pioneering

2.本书具有首创性

This book is the first theoretical work to comprehensively and systematically summarize and study Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building. Marx and Engels were the founders of the proletarian party. Their theory and practice of party building inaugurated a new stage of the proletarian revolutionary movement. Lenin creatively applied Marxist party theory, based on the practice of the Russian revolution and construction, scientifically elucidated a series of major theories and practices of Party building, and formed a new crystallization of Marxist party theory. This theory is the scientific guide for the proletarian parties of Russia and the world. The entire book systematically and comprehensively expounds Lenin’s theoretical and practical process of establishing and building the proletarian party in Russia, based on objective history and detailed documents, systematically sorting out and comprehensively presenting Lenin’s rich and profound Party building theory and his magnificent Party practice. It is a substantial theoretical work.

本书是第一部全面系统总结和研究列宁的党建理论与实践的理论著作。马克思和恩格斯是无产阶级政党的创始人。他们的政党理论与实践开创了无产阶级革命运动的新阶段。列宁创造性地运用马克思主义政党理论，立足于俄国革命和建设实践，科学地阐发了党的建设的一系列重大理论和实践，形成了马克思主义政党理论的新结晶。这一理论是俄国和世界无产阶级政党的科学指南。全书系统全面阐述了列宁在俄国建立、建设无产阶级政党的理论与实践历程，立足客观历史，以翔实的文献为基础，系统梳理和全面展现了列宁丰富深邃的党建理论、波澜壮阔的党的实践，是一部厚重的理论著作。

3. This book is a theoretical achievement in studying and implementing General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposal to “read original works, study original texts, and comprehend principles”

3.本书是学习贯彻习近平总书记提出的“读原著、学原文、悟原理”的理论成果

General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed: “Communists should make reading Marxist classics and comprehending Marxist principles a habit of life and a spiritual pursuit, using the classics to cultivate righteousness, refine thought, elevate realm, and guide practice.” General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the study of Marxist classic works, emphasizing that under the circumstances of the accelerating evolution of the world pattern and the constant emergence of a large number of complex practical problems, the Communist Party of China urgently needs to make theoretical responses, requiring Party cadres to carefully study Marxist classic works, understand and grasp scientific theory, and apply the basic theories of Marxism in practice. “Theoretical clarity and political steadfastness do not come out of nowhere; they depend on theoretical literacy and political cultivation. Countless facts have proven that for Communists, only theoretical clarity can lead to political clarity, and only theoretical steadfastness can lead to political steadfastness. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively improve Marxist theoretical literacy, master the ideological weapons of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, thoroughly study and understand the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and understand how history came to be and how it will continue to develop, thereby continuously enhancing confidence in the path, theory, and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” [1]1 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022; the “second centenary goal” refers to the goal of building China into a modern socialist country by the middle of the 21st century, following the completion of the first centenary goal (building a moderately prosperous society) in 2021. The in-depth study and profound comprehension of Marxist classic works by Chinese Communists will inevitably generate reverence for the Party’s cause and a steadfast defense and advancement of the Party’s cause. This book, based on studying, researching, and comprehending Marxist classic works, studies Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building, thereby obtaining scientific theoretical guidance and profound inspiration.

习近平总书记提出：“共产党人要把读马克思主义经典、悟马克思主义原理当作一种生活习惯、当作一种精神追求，用经典涵养正气、淬炼思想、升华境界、指导实践。”习近平总书记非常重视马克思主义经典著作的学习，強调在世界格局加快演變、不断出现大量复杂的现实问题的形势下，中国共产党亟待作出理论回答，需要党员干部认真研读马克思主义经典著作，理解领会科学理论，在实践中运用马克思主义的基本理论。“理论上的清醒和政治上的定力不会凭空而来，这就要看理论素养和政治修养了。无数事实证明，对共产党人来说，只有理论上清醒才能有政治上清醒，只有理论上坚定才能有政治上坚定。所以，要全面提高马克思主义理论素养，掌握辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义思想武器，学懂弄通中国特色社会主义理论体系，弄明白历史怎样走来、又怎样走下去，从而不断增强中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信。”中国共产党人对马克思主义经典著作的深入学习和深刻领悟，必然生成对党的事业的敬仰和对党的事业的执着捍卫与推进。本书以学习、研究、领会马克思主义经典著作为基础，研究列宁的党建理论与实践，从而得到科学的理论指导和深刻的启示。

3. Important practical value

三、重要现实价值

This book’s comprehensive and systematic study of Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building has important practical value. For over a hundred years, the Communist Party of China has adhered to the guidance of Marxism, armed the whole Party with Marxism, and created, developed, and perfected the Party’s leadership. This is an important guarantee for the Party’s continuous growth and advance from victory to victory. The key to China’s entry into the stage of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and embarking on the new journey of the second centenary goal lies in the Party. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC states: “The most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China; the greatest strength of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China; the Communist Party of China is the highest political leadership force.” [1]1 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022; the “second centenary goal” refers to the goal of building China into a modern socialist country by the middle of the 21st century, following the completion of the first centenary goal (building a moderately prosperous society) in 2021. At present, although the world situation, national conditions, and Party conditions have undergone tremendous changes, Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building still possess important contemporary value.

本书对列宁的党建理论与实践的全面系统研究具有重要现实价值。一百多年来，中国共产党坚持以马克思主义为指导，以马克思主义武装全党，创建、发展和完善党的领导，这是党不断发展壮大、从胜利走向胜利的重要保证。中国进入全面建设社会主义现代化国家、开启第二个百年奋斗目标新征程的关键在党。党的二十大报告提出：“中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党的领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导，中国共产党是最高政治领导力量。”当前，尽管世情、国情、党情发生了巨大变化，列宁的党建理论与实践依然具有重要当代价值。

1. A Scientific Guide for the Communist Party of China to Always Adhere to the Nature of a Proletarian Party

1.中国共产党始终坚守无产阶级政党本色的科学指南

At present, China is in a period of historic opportunity full of potential, but it also faces tests from multiple aspects, including external risks and internal risks. Under such circumstances, the Communist Party of China, as the world’s largest political party and a major ruling party, must live up to its stature. Being large also brings difficulties; it is not easy to manage the Party well, and it is even more difficult to build the Party into a strong Marxist ruling party. The Communist Party of China firmly follows the basic principles and scientific laws of a proletarian party. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has further clarified the essential attributes and fundamental requirements of a proletarian party, expressed the basic stance and principles for maintaining the nature of a proletarian party, and reflected the adherence to and defense of Marxist party theory. The Communist Party of China is the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, always maintaining the sobriety and firmness to solve the unique problems of a large party. The history of the Communist Party of China over more than a hundred years is a great course of conscious adherence to and steadfast defense of Marxist proletarian party theory. The Communist Party of China’s firm theoretical consciousness and clear understanding reflect the foresight and insight of a long-term ruling party.

当前，中国正处在大有可为的历史机遇期，也面临着外部风险、内部风险等多方面的考验。在这样的形势下，中国共产党作为世界上最大的政党，作为执政大党，大就要有大的样子。大也有大的难处，管好党很不容易，把党建设成为坚强的马克思主义执政党更不容易。中国共产党坚定遵循无产阶级政党的基本原则和科学规律。党的十八大以来，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想进一步明确了无产阶级政党的本质属性、根本要求，表达了永葆无产阶级政党本色的基本立场和原则，体现了对马克思主义政党理论的坚持和捍卫。中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，时刻保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和坚定。中国共产党一百多年来的历史是对马克思主义无产阶级政党理论的自觉坚守与执着捍卫的伟大历程。中国共产党坚定的理论自觉和清醒认识，体现了一个长期执政的党的远见卓识。

2. Theoretical Guidance for the Communist Party of China to Forever Maintain Its Long-Term Ruling Status

2.中国共产党永葆长期执政地位的理论指导

The Communist Party of China pays attention to drawing lessons from the experience of the international communist movement, especially the painful lesson of the Soviet Union’s abandonment of the Party’s leadership position, which led to the collapse of the socialist system. It clearly recognizes that always upholding and defending the leadership position of a proletarian party concerns the future and destiny of socialism. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The Communist Party of China is the ruling party, and the Party’s leadership position and ruling position are closely linked.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting marking the 95th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, July 2016. The Communist Party of China is the ruling party; the Party is the highest political force; upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China is China’s greatest institutional strength. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “It is not easy for a Marxist ruling party to seize political power, and it is even less easy to consolidate it; as long as the Marxist ruling party does not have problems, the socialist country will not have major problems.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, speech at a study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, June 2018. At the same time, in the long historical process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, ensuring that the Communist Party of China does not collapse and that China’s socialist system does not fall is an extremely difficult and great challenge. The Communist Party of China must always uphold and practice Marxist party theory. Lenin’s theories on the nature, mission, goals, and organizational principles of a proletarian party are all basic principles of a proletarian party and are important theoretical guidance for the establishment and construction of the Communist Party of China, as well as for its ability to withstand the severe tests of the low ebb of the international communist movement.

中国共产党注重吸取国际共产主义运动的经验教训，特别是苏联因为放弃党的领导地位、造成社会主义制度覆亡的惨痛教训，清醒认识到始终坚持和捍卫无产阶级政党的领导地位关系到社会主义的前途命运。习近平总书记指出：“中国共产党是执政党，党的领导地位和执政地位是紧密联系在一起的。”中国共产党是执政党，党是最高的政治力量，坚持中国共产党的领导是中国的最大制度优势。习近平总书记指出：“马克思主义政党夺取政权不容易，巩固政权更不容易；只要马克思主义执政党不出问题，社会主义国家就出不了大问题。”同时，在建设中国特色社会主义的漫长历史进程中，确保中国共产党不垮、中国社会主义制度不倒，是一个极难极大的挑战。中国共产党要始终坚持和践行马克思主义政党理论。列宁关于无产阶级政党性质、使命目标、组织原则等理论都是无产阶级政党的基本原则，是中国共产党建立、建设以及经受住国际共产主义运动低潮的严峻考验的重要理论指导。

3. Scientific Guidance for Distinguishing Erroneous Ideas and Maintaining Strong Theoretical Composure

3.辨析错误思想，保持强大思想定力的科学指导

In the process of the formation and growth of Marxist parties, Lenin always struggled against various erroneous ideas, discarding the false and retaining the true, and adhering to the stance and principles of a proletarian party. This has important practical significance for contemporary Marxist parties in adhering to the correct direction, maintaining strong theoretical composure, and forever preserving the nature of a Marxist party. There is a view that under the conditions of the current era, amid the trend of democratization of political parties in the contemporary world, and given that the position, environment, and tasks facing the Communist Party of China have fundamentally changed—after the Party led the people to seize state power nationwide and has been in long-term rule—Lenin’s theory of Party building is no longer applicable. In response, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The longer a party is in power, the more it must not lose the nature of a Marxist party, the more it must not forget the Party’s original aspiration and founding mission, and the more it must not lose its spirit of self-revolution.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth, May 2018. Revolution and governance are not two entirely separate matters; “Our Party is a Marxist ruling party, but at the same time it is a Marxist revolutionary party.” [5]5 Xi Jinping, speech at the 19th National Congress of the CPC, October 2017. Revolution is always ongoing. Lenin’s theory of a new type of proletarian party still has important value. The Communist Party of China must continue to uphold and practice Marxist party theory, always do a good job of building a large party in long-term rule, forever maintain the nature of a Marxist party, forever walk at the forefront of the times, and forever be the backbone of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation.

在马克思主义政党形成和壮大的过程中，列宁始终与各种错误思想作斗争，去伪存真，坚守无产阶级政党的立场和原则，这对于当代马克思主义政党坚持正确方向、保持强大思想定力、永葆马克思主义政党本色具有重要现实意义。有一种观点认为，在当今的时代条件下，在当代世界政党的民主化潮流下，在中国共产党所处的地位、环境和面临的任务都发生了根本变化的现实下，在中国共产党领导人民掌握全国政权并长期执政之后，列宁的党建理论已经不再适用了。对此，习近平总书记指出：“越是长期执政，越不能丢掉马克思主义政党的本色，越不能忘记党的初心使命，越不能丧失自我革命精神。”革命和执政并不是两个截然不同的事情，“我们党是马克思主义执政党，但同时是马克思主义革命党”革命永远在路上。列宁的新型无产阶级政党理论依然具有重要价值。中国共产党要继续坚持和践行马克思主义政党理论，始终做好长期执政的大党建设，永葆马克思主义政党本色，永远走在时代前列，永远做中国人民和中华民族的主心骨。

4. Theoretical Guide for Firmly Upholding the Two Establishments and Resolutely Achieving the Two Upholds

4.坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”的理论指南

Lenin’s theories on strengthening and consolidating the Party’s organization, giving play to the vanguard role of the proletariat, upholding the Party’s overall leadership, and adhering to the principle of democratic centralism—these theories on a new type of proletarian party—are the theoretical guide for upholding the Two Establishments and achieving the Two Upholds in the New Era. [6]6 The Two Establishments (两个确立) The Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century states: “The Party has established Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and established the guiding position of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This reflects the common will of the whole Party, the whole military, and the people of all ethnic groups in the country, and is of decisive significance for the development of the cause of the Party and the country in the New Era and for advancing the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” [7]7 V. I. Lenin, *Collected Works*, Vol. 31, p. 8. [Translator’s note: This is a standard reference to Lenin’s works; the specific edition may vary.] The Communist Party of China is the world’s largest Marxist ruling party. To consolidate its long-term ruling position, it must uphold the Party’s overall leadership and ensure that the Party always becomes a strong leading core. It must take firmly upholding the Two Establishments and resolutely achieving the Two Upholds as the highest political principle and fundamental political responsibility, and unswervingly maintain the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership. The whole Party, the whole military, and the people of all ethnic groups in the country must closely unite around the Party Central Committee, comprehensively build a modern socialist country, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

列宁提出的加强和巩固党的组织、发挥无产阶级的先锋队作用、坚持党的全面领导、坚持民主集中制原则等关于新型无产阶级政党的理论，是新时代拥护“两个确立”、做到“两个维护”的理论指南。《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》指出：“党确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位，反映了全党全军全国各族人民共同心愿，对新时代党和国家事业发展、对推进中华民族伟大复兴历史进程具有决定性意义。”中国共产党是世界上最大的马克思主义执政党，要巩固长期执政地位，必须坚持党的全面领导，确保党始终成为坚强领导核心，必须将坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”作为最高政治原则和根本政治责任，坚定不移维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。全党全军全国各族人民要紧密团结在党中央周围，全面建设社会主义现代化国家，全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。

4. Main Contents

四、主要内容

The entire book systematically unfolds closely around the development trajectory of Lenin’s theory and practice of Party building. With detailed documents and rigorous exposition, it comprehensively demonstrates Lenin’s great contribution in creatively defending, upholding, and further enriching and developing Marxist party theory in the process of leading the Russian revolution and socialist construction.

全书紧紧围绕列宁的党建理论与实践的发展脉络系统展开，以翔实的文献和严谨的论述，全面展现列宁在领导俄国革命和社会主义建设的过程中创造性地捍卫、坚持，并进一步丰富和发展马克思主义政党理论的伟大贡献。

Chapter One: Organizing a Socialist Workers’ Party. In the 1890s, the development of the Russian workers’ movement urgently needed the guidance of Marxist theory. Lenin, through theoretical development, organizational construction, and revolutionary practice, opened a new period for the creation of a new type of proletarian party in Russia. Lenin examined the two stages of the development of the Russian liberation movement—the aristocratic stage and the stage of the commoner intelligentsia, i.e., the populist stage. On the basis of reflecting on the rich legacy of revolutionary democracy, and in the process of exposing and criticizing populism and “legal Marxism,” he proposed in 1894 to “organize a socialist workers’ party.” In his early revolutionary activities, Lenin actively participated in forming Russian Marxist groups, promoted their unification, led the establishment of the St. Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, promoted the integration of Marxism with the workers’ movement, expounded the theory and tasks of the Social Democratic Party, and guided the Social Democrats in establishing an independent proletarian party.

第一章，组织社会主义工人政党。19世纪90年代，俄国工人运动的发展急需马克思主义理论的指导。列宁以理论发展、组织建设及革命实践开拓了俄国创建新型无产阶级政党的新时期。列宁考察了俄国解放运动发展的两个阶段——贵族阶段和平民知识分子阶段即民粹主义阶段，在反思革命民主主义的丰富遗产的基础上，在揭露和批判民粹主义、“合法马克思主义”的过程中，于1894年提出要“组织社会主义工人政党”。在早期的革命活动中，列宁积极参加组建俄国马克思主义小组，并推动小组统一，领导建立了彼得堡工人阶级解放斗争协会，推动马克思主义与工人运动相结合，阐发社会民主党的理论与任务，指导社会民主党人建立独立的无产阶级政党。

Chapter Two: Theory and Practice of Creating a New-Type Proletarian Party. The rising revolutionary situation in Russia set the working class the task of leading the revolutionary movement. In the spring of 1898, the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party held its First Congress, proclaiming the founding of the party, but a unified party was not actually established. Faced with the party’s organizational and ideological confusion, vacillation, and disorganization, Lenin proposed that Russian Social Democrats must unite and devote all their efforts to building a unified and consolidated new-type proletarian party. During this period, Lenin wrote works such as *What Is to Be Done?* and *One Step Forward, Two Steps Back*, clarifying the necessity and urgency of creating a new-type proletarian party, formulating the plan for building a proletarian party, and discussing the guiding ideology, programme, constitution, organizational forms, and organizational principles of the new-type proletarian party, thereby guiding and promoting the establishment of a new-type proletarian party in Russia. Lenin put forward theoretical propositions such as taking Marxism as the guide, building a new-type organization of revolutionaries, having the leader and leading group play a vanguard role, the party instilling socialist consciousness into the working class, adhering to the party’s programme, formulating and observing the party’s constitution, upholding Party spirit, observing party discipline, and the principle of democratic centralism. In the summer of 1903, the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party held its Second Congress, and Lenin’s theory of creating a new-type proletarian party achieved victory.

第二章，创建新型无产阶级政党的理论与实践。俄国日益高涨的革命形势向工人阶级提出了领导革命运动的任务。1898年春天，俄国社会民主工党召开了第一次代表大会，宣告了党的成立，但统一的党实际上并没有建立起来。面对党在组织上、思想上的混乱、动摇和涣散状况，列宁提出俄国社会民主党人必须团结起来，全力以赴地建立一个统一的和巩固的新型无产阶级政党。在这一时期，列宁写下了《怎么办?》《进一步，退两步》等著述，阐明创建新型无产阶级政党的必要性和迫切性，制订无产阶级政党的建党计划，论述无产阶级新型政党的指导思想、纲领、章程、组织形式和组织原则等，指导和推动在俄国建立新型无产阶级政党。列宁提出要以马克思主义为指导，建立新型的革命家组织，领袖及领导集团要发挥先锋作用，党要向工人阶级灌输社会主义意识，坚持党的纲领，制定和遵守党的章程，坚持党性，遵守党的纪律和民主集中制原则等理论主张。1903年夏天，俄国社会民主工党召开了第二次代表大会，列宁创建的新型无产阶级政党的理论取得了胜利。

Chapter Three: Promoting the Unity of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. At the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, a division emerged between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. Lenin later wrote on this: “Bolshevism as a political trend and as a political party has existed since 1903.” [7]7 V. I. Lenin, *Collected Works*, Vol. 31, p. 8. [Translator’s note: This is a standard reference to Lenin’s works; the specific edition may vary.] The task facing the Bolsheviks was to consolidate the victories already won, unite all party organizations on the basis of the resolutions of the Congress, and lead the broad masses of the proletariat and peasantry in preparing for the impending revolutionary battles. However, the Mensheviks’ splitting and disruptive activities caused a serious intra-party crisis. Faced with intra-party differences, splits, and crises, Lenin resolutely defended the achievements of the party’s Second Congress, opposed the Mensheviks’ opportunist line, and strove for party unity on the Bolshevik position. Lenin elucidated the principles and propositions of the Bolsheviks’ demand for openness and open struggle, striving for peaceful unity while not fearing splits, and put forward principles and propositions such as strengthening party organization, promoting the convening of party congresses, strengthening party discipline building, carrying out intra-party self-education, and founding the party’s newspaper, thereby promoting the overcoming of the intra-party crisis and achieving party unity and solidarity.

第三章，推动俄国社会民主工党的统一。在俄国社会民主工党第二次代表大会上出现了布尔什维克和孟什维克的划分。列宁后来就此写道：“布尔什维主义作为一种政治思潮，作为一个政党而存在，是从1903年开始的。”布尔什维克面临的任务是巩固已经取得的胜利，在代表大会各项决议的基础上把所有党组织团结起来，领导广大无产阶级和农民群众做好迎接即将来临的革命战斗的准备。但是，孟什维克的分裂和破坏活动造成了严重的党内危机。面对党内的分歧、分裂及危机，列宁坚决维护党的第二次代表大会的成果，反对孟什维克的机会主义路线，争取党在布尔什维克立场上的团结。列宁阐明了布尔什维克要求开诚布公、公开斗争，争取和平统一、不怕分裂的原则和主张，提出加强党的组织、推动召开党的代表大会、加强党的纪律建设、开展党内自我教育、创办党的机关报等原则和主张，推动克服党内危机，实现党的团结统一。

Chapter Four: During the 1905–1907 Revolution, Lenin Elaborated the Party’s Theory and Strategy. In January 1905, Russia experienced its first bourgeois-democratic revolution, which lasted until mid-1907. After the revolution broke out, Lenin led and promoted the revolution, expounded the party’s theory and propositions on the democratic revolution, and enriched and developed Marxism. Lenin pointed out: the proletariat must take hold of the leadership of the democratic revolution; the worker-peasant alliance under the leadership of the proletariat is the main condition for the victory of the bourgeois-democratic revolution; establish a revolutionary-democratic dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry; Social Democrats can participate in a provisional revolutionary government; the proletariat’s armed uprising is the most urgent task; transform the bourgeois-democratic revolution into a socialist revolution… These important ideas played an extremely significant role in educating the proletarian masses, uniting and strengthening the Bolshevik organization, and guiding the revolution onto the correct path. In the course of the revolution’s development, Lenin criticized the Mensheviks’ conciliatory line and opportunist strategic line, summarized the practice of revolutionary development, and further enriched the party’s theory and principles. Lenin put forward a series of theories guiding the consolidation of party building, including upholding the party’s organizational principles and party discipline, giving play to the advanced nature of the proletariat and its party, developing and consolidating party organizations, convening party congresses, strengthening the party’s relationship with the Soviets of Workers’ Deputies, giving play to the role of the party’s newspaper, and upholding and defending Party spirit.

第四章，1905—1907年革命时期，列宁阐发党的理论和策略。1905年1月，俄国爆发了第一次资产阶级民主革命，革命持续到1907年年中。在革命爆发后，列宁领导和推动革命，论述党关于民主革命的理论和主张，丰富和发展了马克思主义。列宁指出：无产阶级必须掌握民主革命的领导权，无产阶级领导下的工农联盟是资产阶级民主革命胜利的主要条件，建立无产阶级和农民的革命民主专政，社会民主党可以参加临时革命政府，无产阶级举行武装起义是最迫切的任务，将资产阶级民主革命转变为社会主义革命⋯⋯这些重要思想在教育无产阶级群众、团结和壮大布尔什维克组织、将革命引上正确的道路方面发挥了极为重要的作用。在革命的发展进程中，列宁批判孟什维克的妥协方针和机会主义的策略路线，总结革命发展的实践，进一步丰富党的理论和原则。列宁提出维护党的组织原则和党的纪律、发挥无产阶级及其政党的先进性作用、发展和巩固党的组织、召开党的代表大会、加强党与工人代表苏维埃的关系、发挥党的机关报的作用、坚持和捍卫党性等一系列理论，指导巩固党的建设。

Chapter Five: During the Revolutionary Low Tide, Lenin’s Theory and Practice of Party Building. The 1905–1907 Russian revolution was defeated under the bloody suppression of the tsarist reactionary government. The defeat of the revolution led to an organizational, ideological, and political crisis within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. In order to preserve and consolidate the secret Social Democratic Party, expand the party’s influence over the masses, and prepare the masses to meet a new revolutionary upsurge, Lenin unremittingly waged a struggle on two fronts, opposing both the Liquidators and the Otzovists and Ultimatumists. [8]8 The Liquidators were a faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party that, after the defeat of the 1905–1907 revolution, advocated liquidating the illegal revolutionary party and confining activity to legal channels. The Otzovists (Recallists) were a faction that demanded the recall of Social Democratic deputies from the Duma and the abandonment of all legal work. The Ultimatumists were a related group that proposed issuing ultimatums to the Duma faction rather than engaging in systematic legal work. In the process of criticizing erroneous ideas, Lenin elaborated the principles and strategy of the Bolsheviks under the conditions of a revolutionary low tide. Lenin elaborated revolutionary propositions and strategies such as the line of combining secret work with open work, the correct relationship between the Duma faction and the party and the principles of factional activity, and the relationship between economic strikes and political strikes. Lenin exposed the essence of the Liquidators, Otzovists, and Ultimatumists, clarified the Bolsheviks’ principles and stance on party unity, and promoted party unity. Lenin elaborated theoretical propositions such as the party, under the new circumstances, must defend the Bolshevik organization and its principles, strengthen the party’s connection with the masses, arm the party with Marxism, build and consolidate the party’s secret organizations, strengthen party discipline, give play to the role of the Central Committee and party congresses, and give play to the role of the party’s press. These theories guided the party in overcoming the difficulties of the revolutionary low tide and meeting a new revolutionary upsurge.

第五章，革命低潮时期，列宁的党的建设理论与实践。1905—1907年的俄国革命在沙皇反动政府的血腥镇压下失败了。革命的失败使俄国社会民主工党出现了组织上、思想上和政治上的危机。为了保存和巩固秘密的社会民主党、扩大党对群众的影响，使群众做好迎接革命新高潮的准备，列宁坚持不懈地进行两条战线的斗争，既反对取消派，又反对召回派、最后通牒派。列宁在对错误思想进行批判的过程中，阐发了革命低潮形势下布尔什维克的原则和策略。列宁阐发了秘密工作同公开工作相结合的方针、杜马党团同党的正确关系和党团活动的原则、经济罢工和政治罢工的关系等革命主张和策略。列宁揭露取消派、召回派和最后通牒派的本质，阐明布尔什维克关于党的统一的原则和立场，推动党的统一。列宁阐发了党在新形势下要捍卫布尔什维克的组织及其原则、加强党与人民群众的联系、以马克思主义武装党、建设和巩固党的秘密组织、加强党的纪律、发挥中央委员会和党的代表大会的作用、发挥党的报刊的作用等理论主张，这些理论指导党克服革命低潮时期的困难，迎接新的革命高潮。

Chapter Six: Opposing Erroneous Ideas and Guiding Party Building. During the reactionary years of the revolutionary low tide, defending and developing the party’s theoretical foundation and opposing theoretical vacillation became important tasks facing Lenin. After the defeat of the 1905–1907 revolution, bourgeois thinkers and petty-bourgeois elements launched an offensive against the Marxist worldview and the theory and strategy of the working class and its party. Lenin attached great importance to defending the purity of Marxist theory, resolutely struggled against bourgeois erroneous ideas, and exposed and criticized erroneous ideas that lured the working class away from the revolutionary movement. The erroneous trend of thought stirred up by the Russian Machists caused serious ideological confusion within the Russian workers’ movement. The work *Materialism and Empirio-Criticism* was published in an era when international revisionist trends were rampant, domestic reactionary forces in Russia were extremely frenzied, and Social Democrats were experiencing unprecedented ideological confusion; it crushed the Machists’ attempt to attack Marxism. Lenin criticized revisionism, exposing the essence and roots of Bernsteinian revisionism; criticized God-seeking and God-building; [9]9 God-seeking and God-building were philosophical and religious trends among some Russian intellectuals and Social Democrats in the early 20th century, which sought to create a new, socialist religion or to attribute divine qualities to humanity and the collective, and which Lenin criticized as a departure from Marxist materialism. opposed international opportunism and guided the international workers’ movement, clearing the way for the consolidation and development of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.

第六章，反对错误思想，指导党的建设。在革命低潮时期的反动年代，捍卫和发展党的理论基础，反对理论方面的动摇成为列宁面临的重要任务。在1905—1907年革命失败后，资产阶级思想家、小资产阶级分子对马克思主义世界观、工人阶级及其政党的理论和策略发起了进攻。列宁高度重视捍卫马克思主义理论的纯洁性，坚决同资产阶级错误思想进行斗争，揭露和批判诱使工人阶级脱离革命运动的错误思想。俄国马赫主义者掀起的错误思潮，在俄国工人运动中造成了严重的思想混乱。《唯物主义和经验批判主义》这一著作是在国际修正主义思潮泛滥、俄国国内反动势力极为疯狂、社会民主党人思想空前混乱的年代问世的，它粉碎了马赫主义者攻击马克思主义的企图。列宁批判修正主义，揭露伯恩施坦修正主义的实质和根源；批判寻神说、造神说；反对国际机会主义、指导国际工人运动，为俄国社会民主工党的巩固与发展扫清了道路。

Chapter Seven: Elaborating the Social Democratic Party’s Theory and Strategy on Questions of War, Peace, and Revolution. The outbreak of the First World War caused a serious crisis within the European socialist movement. Whether one could correctly understand the imperialist war and formulate the correct strategic line of struggle for the proletariat was an important theoretical and practical question. Lenin exposed the nature of the war, criticized erroneous understandings of war such as “defence of the fatherland,” social pacifism, “imperialist economism,” and opposition to the “abolition of armaments” thesis, and clarified the Social Democrats’ position and attitude towards war; analyzed the reasons for the bankruptcy of the Second International, opposed and criticized social chauvinism and the Centre, and promoted the proletarian revolution; resolutely advocated a complete break with opportunism, purifying the revolutionary ranks of the proletariat and achieving genuine international unity of the workers; guided the Russian Social Democratic Party and the communist and workers’ parties of various countries in formulating strategies and tactics suited to reality. Lenin put forward the Social Democratic Party’s strategy in the First World War, including transforming the imperialist war into a civil war, exploiting the defeat of one’s own government in the war, carrying out legal struggle, and organizing secret struggle.

第七章，阐发社会民主党在战争、和平和革命问题上的理论与策略。第一次世界大战的爆发使欧洲社会主义运动内部产生了严重危机。能否正确认识帝国主义战争，制定无产阶级的正确的斗争策略，是一个重要的理论问题和现实问题。列宁揭露战争的性质，批判“保卫祖国”、社会和平主义、“帝国主义经济主义”,反对“废除武装”论等关于战争的错误认识，阐明了社会民主党人对待战争的立场和态度；分析第二国际破产的原因，反对和批判社会沙文主义和中派，推进无产阶级革命；坚决主张同机会主义彻底决裂，纯洁无产阶级的革命队伍，实现工人真正的国际团结；指导俄国社会民主党、各国共产党和工人党制定符合现实的战略和策略。列宁提出了社会民主党在第一次世界大战中的策略，包括变帝国主义战争为国内战争、利用本国政府在战争中的失败、开展合法斗争、组织秘密斗争等。

Chapter Eight: Lenin’s Theory and Practice of Party Building after the February Revolution. The February Revolution of 1917 in Russia overthrew the tsarist autocracy, giving rise to a dual-power situation in which the bourgeois government represented by the Provisional Government and the workers’ and peasants’ democratic dictatorship of the Soviets of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies coexisted. The Bolshevik Party was temporarily in a minority position within the Soviets. Lenin guided the Bolshevik Party to maintain its independence, uphold a firm stance, clarify its tasks, educate and win over the masses, and prepare for the socialist revolution. After the July Days in Petrograd [10]10 The July Days (July 3–7, 1917) were a period of spontaneous armed demonstrations by workers and soldiers in Petrograd against the Provisional Government, which were suppressed and led to a crackdown on the Bolsheviks., Lenin led the Bolshevik Party in formulating new theoretical strategies and tactical policies, striving for the victory of the socialist revolution, and ultimately achieving the victory of the October Revolution. In *The State and Revolution*, Lenin criticized erroneous views on the state and the proletarian revolution, summarized the experiences of the Russian and international proletarian revolutions, and expounded and defended the Marxist theory of the state. During this period, Lenin led the Bolshevik Party in formulating revolutionary strategies in accordance with the constantly changing situation while simultaneously guiding Party building. Lenin put forward proposals such as changing the Party’s name, revising the Party’s program, strengthening the Party’s organizational construction, and tightening Party discipline, thereby further enriching and perfecting the theory and practice of Party building.

第八章，二月革命后，列宁的党的建设理论与实践。1917年俄国的二月革命推翻了沙皇专制制度，形成了以临时政府为代表的资产阶级政权和工农民主专政的工兵代表苏维埃并存的两个政权。布尔什维克党在苏维埃中暂时处于少数地位。列宁指导布尔什维克党保持独立、坚定立场、明确任务、教育和争取群众、为社会主义革命作准备。彼得格勒七月事变后，列宁领导布尔什维克党制定新的理论战略和策略方针，为争取社会主义革命的胜利而斗争，最终取得了十月革命的胜利。列宁在《国家与革命》中，批判关于国家与无产阶级革命的错误认识，总结俄国和国际无产阶级革命的经验，阐释和捍卫马克思主义国家学说。在这一时期，列宁领导布尔什维克党根据不断变化的形势制定革命策略的同时指导党的建设。列宁提出更改党的名称、修改党的纲领、加强党的组织建设、严肃党的纪律等主张，党的建设理论与实践进一步丰富和完善。

Chapter Nine: Elaborating on the Party’s Position and Role in Socialist Construction. After the victory of the October Revolution, the socialist construction of Soviet Russia had to be carried out under extremely difficult conditions. During this period, Lenin led the establishment and consolidation of the Soviet regime and the Bolshevik Party, securing the leading position of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks); under complex relations of class struggle and the balance of political forces, he dissolved the Constituent Assembly [11]11 The Constituent Assembly was a democratically elected body convened in January 1918; the Bolsheviks dissolved it after one day when it refused to recognize Soviet power., defending the newborn Soviet regime; and he signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk [12]12 The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918) was a separate peace treaty between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, ceding vast territories to exit World War I., preserving the newborn socialist regime. Lenin believed that the proletarian party is the leader within the system of the dictatorship of the proletariat, occupying a leading position and playing a leading role in the socialist state. Within the Soviet socialist state, only the vanguard of the proletariat could lead its own country. The Party’s task was to exercise general leadership over the work of all state organs. Lenin elaborated on the relationship between the Party, the Soviets, the dictatorship of the proletariat, and the trade unions, establishing and consolidating the Party’s leading position in socialist construction and enabling it to play a leading role. Facing the reality of Soviet Russia’s relatively backward economy and culture, Lenin proposed that the ruling communist party must do a good job in economic work, be adept at leading and bringing into play the role of the masses, and lead the entire Party and the entire people in restoring and developing the national economy and advancing the cause of socialist construction.

第九章，阐发党在社会主义建设中的地位和作用。十月革命胜利后，苏维埃俄国的社会主义建设不得不在极端困难的条件下进行。在这一时期，列宁领导建立和巩固苏维埃政权和布尔什维克党，确立了俄国共产党(布尔什维克)的领导地位；在复杂的阶级斗争关系和政治力量对比下，解散了立宪会议，捍卫了新生的苏维埃政权；签订布列斯特和约，保住了新生的社会主义政权。列宁认为，无产阶级政党是无产阶级专政体系中的领导者，在社会主义国家中居于领导地位，起领导作用。在苏维埃社会主义国家内，只有无产阶级的先锋队才能领导自己的国家。党的任务是对所有国家机关的工作进行总的领导。列宁阐发了党与苏维埃、无产阶级专政、工会的关系，确立和巩固党在社会主义建设中的领导地位，发挥领导作用。面对苏维埃俄国经济文化相对落后的现实，列宁提出执政的共产党要做好经济工作，善于领导和发挥人民群众的作用，领导全党全国人民恢复和发展国民经济，推进社会主义建设事业。

Chapter Ten: Promoting the Reconstruction of the Proletarian International Organization and Guiding International Proletarian Parties. Against the backdrop of the bankruptcy of the Second International [13]13 The Second International (1889–1916) was an organization of socialist and labor parties that collapsed due to divisions over support for national war efforts in World War I., the rapid development of the international workers’ movement, and the successive establishment of communist parties in various countries, Lenin promoted the reconstruction of the International. In March 1919, the First Congress of the Communist International was convened, and the international communist movement achieved further development. Lenin expounded the theoretical program and action program of the Communist International and formulated the conditions for joining the Communist International. Under Lenin’s leadership, the Communist International strengthened its organizational construction, stipulating its status, organizational nature, organizational structure, working methods, and the obligations that parties in various countries should fulfill. It also established a series of organizational bodies, including the Executive Committee of the Communist International, the World Congress, and the Presidium of the Executive Committee of the Communist International. Lenin pointed out that the tasks of the Communist International were to carry out the proletarian revolution, establish Soviet republics, and genuinely support the liberation movements of oppressed nations and colonies. Lenin’s thought on reconstructing the proletarian international organization inherited and developed the principles of Marxist international revolution, guided communist parties and the workers’ movement in various countries around the world, and was of great significance to the development of the international communist movement. Lenin was deeply concerned with the development of communist parties and the workers’ movement in various countries, guided the “Left” within the international communist movement, elaborated on the strategies and tactics of proletarian parties in the international communist movement, and directed the revolutionary struggles and organizational construction of communist parties in various countries.

第十章，推动重建无产阶级国际组织和指导国际无产阶级政党。在第二国际破产、国际工人运动迅速发展、各国共产党纷纷建立的背景下，列宁推动重建国际。1919年3月，共产国际第一次代表大会召开，国际共产主义运动有了进一步的发展。列宁阐发了共产国际的理论纲领、行动纲领，制定了加入共产国际的条件等。在列宁的领导下，共产国际加强组织建设，规定了其地位、组织性质、组织结构、工作方式以及各国党应该履行的义务，还建立了一系列的组织机构，包括成立共产国际执行委员会、世界代表大会、共产国际执行委员会主席团等。列宁指出，共产国际的任务是进行无产阶级革命、建立苏维埃共和国、真正地支援被压迫民族殖民地解放运动。列宁的重建无产阶级国际组织的思想，继承和发展了马克思主义国际革命的原则，指导世界各国共产党和工人运动，对国际共产主义运动的发展具有重大意义。列宁十分关心世界各国共产党和工人运动的发展，指导国际共产主义运动中的“左”派，阐发了国际共产主义运动中无产阶级政党的战略和策略，指导各国共产党的革命斗争和组织建设等。

Chapter Eleven: Lenin’s Theory and Practice of Party Building during the New Economic Policy Period. In the process of leading socialist construction, Lenin attached great importance to the self-building of the ruling proletarian party—the leader of socialist construction—forming a rich, systematic, and complete body of scientific thought. During the New Economic Policy period, Lenin, under complex domestic and international circumstances and in the face of Russia’s national conditions and the historical mission shouldered by the Party, courageously explored and dared to practice. Lenin emphasized that in the process of leading socialist construction, the Party bore the heavy responsibility of leading all aspects of the country’s economy, politics, culture, and social life. Holding state power, managing and building the state was a longer, more complex, and more arduous historical process than seizing power, which placed higher demands on Party members and Party organizations. Lenin expounded on the theory of proletarian party building, especially under conditions of governance, and put forward important theories and strategic measures for Party building. Lenin proposed important theories such as strengthening Party unity, strengthening Party organizational construction, consolidating Party ideological and political construction, Party style construction, Party discipline construction, improving Party institutional construction, and building a learning-type Party.

第十一章，新经济政策时期，列宁的党的建设理论与实践。列宁在领导社会主义建设的过程中，十分重视作为社会主义建设的领导者——无产阶级执政党的自身建设，形成了内容丰富、系统完备的科学思想。新经济政策时期，列宁在错综复杂的国内外形势下，面对俄国国情和党所肩负的历史使命，勇于探索、敢于实践。列宁强调，在领导社会主义建设的过程中，党肩负着领导全国的经济、政治、文化以及社会生活各个方面的重任，掌握政权，管理和建设国家比夺取政权的历史行程更长、更复杂、任务更艰巨，这就对党员和党的组织提出了更高的要求。列宁阐述了无产阶级政党建设特别是执政条件下的政党建设理论，提出了党的建设的重要理论和战略性举措。列宁提出了加强党的统一，加强党的组织建设，巩固党的思想政治建设、党的作风建设、党的纪律建设，完善党的制度建设，建设学习型政党等重要理论。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out: “The key to comprehensively building a modern socialist country and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation lies in the Party.” The Communist Party of China is the world’s largest Marxist ruling party. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [14]14 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership., the Communist Party of China has inherited and developed Marxist party theory, summarized and applied the historical experience of the Party’s century of struggle, and deeply promoted practical, theoretical, and institutional innovation in Party management and governance, reaching a new height in the understanding of the laws governing what kind of long-term Marxist ruling party to build and how to build it. The Communist Party of China upholds and develops Marxist party theory, creating a century of great achievements through great struggle. In the future, it will create new great achievements through new great struggle. The entire Party, the entire military, and the people of all ethnic groups in the country are united in struggle to comprehensively build a modern socialist country and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

党的二十大报告指出：“全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，关键在党。”中国共产党是世界上最大的马克思主义执政党。党的十八大以来，中国共产党继承和发展马克思主义政党理论，总结运用党的百年奋斗历史经验，深入推进管党治党实践创新、理论创新、制度创新，对建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党、怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党的规律性认识达到新的高度。中国共产党坚持和发展马克思主义政党理论，用伟大奋斗创造了百年伟业，未来将用新的伟大奋斗创造新的伟业，全党全军全国各族人民为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴而团结奋斗!

About the Authors

作者简介

Xin Xiangyang

辛向阳

Secretary of the Party Committee and Dean of the Academy of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Deputy to the 14th National People’s Congress; Dean of the School of Marxism, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Deputy Director of the Research Center for the Theory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics; Executive Director of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; Deputy Director of the World Socialism Research Center; Second-level Researcher and Doctoral Supervisor. In 2012, he received the State Council Special Government Allowance. In 2015, he was rated as a “Four-Batch Talent” [15]15 “Four-Batch Talent” (四个一批人才) is a Chinese state program to cultivate leading figures in propaganda, culture, and ideology. in the propaganda and cultural system by the Central Propaganda Department. In 2016, he was rated as a leading talent in the “Ten-Thousand Talents Plan” [16]16 The “Ten-Thousand Talents Plan” (万人计划) is a Chinese national talent program to support high-level innovative and leading professionals. by the Central Organization Department and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. He is a member of the National Social Science Fund evaluation panel and the National Publication Fund evaluation panel. Social part-time positions: Special Researcher of the China Ideological and Political Work Research Association, Special Researcher of the National Party Building Research Association, etc. Main research achievements: 20 individually authored monographs, editor-in-chief or co-author of over 30 works, publication of more than 400 articles in newspapers and periodicals such as *People’s Daily*, *Guangming Daily*, *Marxist Studies*, and *Studies on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics*, participation in or leadership of over 50 national, provincial, and ministerial-level projects, and receipt of more than 10 national, provincial, and ministerial-level awards.

中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院党委书记、院长，第十四届全国人大代表，中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院院长，中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心副主任，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心执行主任，世界社会主义研究中心副主任，二级研究员、博士生导师。2012年获国务院政府特殊津贴，2015年被评为中宣部宣传文化系统“四个一批人才”，2016年被评为中组部、人社部的“万人计划”领军人才，国家社科基金评委，国家出版基金评委。社会兼职：中国思想政治工作研究会特约研究员，全国党的建设研究会特邀研究员等。主要研究成果：个人专著20部，主编和参与编写著作30余部，在《人民日报》《光明日报》《马克思主义研究》《中国特色社会主义研究》等报刊发表文章400余篇，主持或参与的国家和省部级课题50余项，先后获得过10余项国家级和省部级奖项。

Yuan Xiuli

苑秀丽

Deputy Director and Researcher of the Research Department of International Communist Movement, Academy of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Mainly engaged in research on scientific socialism and the international communist movement. Published monographs include *International Factors and Stalin’s Theory and Practice of Socialist Construction*, *A Contemporary Interpretation of Lenin’s View of Socialism*, *Ideal and Reality: Lenin’s Thought on Relations between the Two Systems and Its Contemporary Implications*, and *The Banner: Leading the New Voyage of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era*. Published dozens of articles in newspapers and periodicals such as *Marxist Studies*, *Guangming Daily*, and *Red Flag Manuscripts*.

中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院国际共产主义运动研究部副主任，研究员。主要从事科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动研究。出版专著《国际因素与斯大林的社会主义建设理论与实践》《列宁社会主义观的当代解读》《理想与现实：列宁的两制关系思想及当代启示》《旗帜——引领新时代中国特色社会主义新航程》等。在《马克思主义研究》《光明日报》《红旗文稿》等报刊发表数十篇文章。