*Science and Technology Ideology Competition – A New Cognitive Framework for the Future World Order and Human Development*
任丽梅:《科技意识形态竞争——未来世界格局与人类发展新的认识框架》
Content Summary: This book is the final research result of the National Social Science Fund Later-Stage Funded Project “Science and Technology Ideology Competition” (21FKSB017), directed by Ren Limei.
内容简介：本书系任丽梅主持的国家社科基金后期资助项目“科技意识形态竞争”（21FKSB017）的最终研究成果。
The level of science and technology determines the height of human civilization, yet it is the science and technology ideology that drives the development of science and technology itself and enables it to promote the progress of human society. The science and technology ideology, viewing the future and destiny of humanity from the perspective of science and technology and examining the driving role of scientific and technological forces in the development of human society and changes in the world order, constitutes a new cognitive framework for the development of human society, following the “center-periphery theory” of the modern world system and the clash of civilizations theory.
科技的水平决定了人类文明的高度，而推动科技自身发展以及发挥科技促进人类社会进步作用的，却是科技意识形态。科技意识形态以科技的视角观照人类前途命运，探查科技力量在人类社会发展和世界格局变化中的驱动作用，是继现代世界体系“中心—边缘论”、文明冲突论之后又一有关人类社会发展新的认识框架。
This study, from a Marxist standpoint and a scientific and technological perspective, researches and elucidates the functions and mechanisms by which the science and technology ideology guides, controls, and incentivizes scientific and technological innovation, ultimately affecting the speed and quality of human social development. It analyzes the essential differences and future trends of the science and technology ideologies corresponding to two basic paths and two basic systems, points out the advanced nature of the socialist science and technology ideology under the guidance of the new development concept, discusses the contemporary significance of building a socialist science and technology ideology, and offers relevant reflections and suggestions for China to actively integrate into and lead the new round of globalization in the coming era of big science and technology, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, rebuild world order and reshape the world landscape, and create a new form of human civilization.
本研究以马克思主义的立场、科技的视角研究阐发科技意识形态引导、控制与激励科技创新并最终影响人类社会发展速度与质量的功能和机制，分析了两种基本道路、两种基本制度相对应的科技意识形态的本质差别及其未来走向，指出新发展理念指导下的社会主义科技意识形态先进性，论述了社会主义国家科技意识形态建设的时代意义，为中国积极融入并引领未来大科学技时代的新一轮全球化、推动构建人类命运共同体、重建世界秩序和重塑世界格局、开创人类文明新形态等，作出相关思考和建议。
Author Biography: Ren Limei, Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Researcher at the Office for the Study of Ideology and Social Trends, Institute of Marxism, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Main research directions include innovation theory, social development theory and social development strategy, and cultural philosophy.
作者简介：任丽梅，哲学博士，中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院意识形态与社会思潮研究室副研究员。主要研究方向为创新理论、社会发展理论与社会发展战略、文化哲学。
Table of Contents
目 录
Preface: Science and Technology Ideology Competition: A New Framework for Understanding Human Social Development
序 科技意识形态竞争：一个认识人类社会发展的新框架
I. A Shift in Perspective for Understanding Human Social Development
一、 认识人类社会发展的视角转换
II. Research and Judgment on the Science and Technology Ideology
二、 科技意识形态的研与判
III. Expanding New Horizons for Human Development through the Science and Technology Ideology
三、 以科技意识形态拓展人类发展新局面
Chapter One: The Science and Technology Ideology from the Perspective of Historical Materialism
第一章 历史唯物史主义视角下的科技意识形态
Section 1: Understanding the Science and Technology Ideology from the Internal Structure of Science and Technology
第一节 从科技自身结构中认识科技意识形态
I. Extracting the Concept of the Science and Technology Ideology and the Relationships among Its Parts from the Structure of Science and Technology
一、从科技结构中析出科技意识形态概念及其各部分之间的关系
II. The Components of the Science and Technology Ideology and Their Dialectical Relationships
二、科技意识形态的各组成部分及其辩证关系
Section 2: The Foundation, Structural Basis, and Source of Power of the Science and Technology Ideology from the Perspective of Historical Genesis
第二节 从历史生成视角看科技意识形态的形成基础、架构之基与力量之源
I. The Creation and Development of Natural Scientific Theories: The Foundation for the Formation of the Science and Technology Ideology
一、自然科学理论的创造和发展：科技意识形态形成的基础
II. Technological Rationality: The Structural Basis of the Science and Technology Ideology
二、技术理性：科技意识形态的架构之基
III. Knowledge Power and Scientific and Technological Capability Thinking: The Source of Power of the Science and Technology Ideology
三、知识权力和科技能力思维：科技意识形态的力量来源
Section 3: The Functions and Characteristics of the Science and Technology Ideology
第三节 科技意识形态的作用与特征
I. The Functions of the Science and Technology Ideology
一、科技意识形态的作用
II. The Characteristics of the Science and Technology Ideology
二、科技意识形态的特征
III. The Dual Nature and Historicity of the Functions of the Science and Technology Ideology
三、科技意识形态作用的双重性与历史性
Chapter Two: The Historical Development and Changes of the Science and Technology Ideology
第二章 科技意识形态的历史性发展与变迁
Section 1: The Science and Technology Ideology in History
第一节 历史上的科技意识形态
I. China’s “Unity of Heaven and Humanity” and the West’s “Conquest of Nature”
一、中国的“天人合一”与西方的“征服自然”
II. The Intrinsic Humanistic Value Orientation of the Chinese Professional Spirit of Investigating Things to Attain Knowledge in Science and Technology
二、中国格物致知的科技从业精神的内在人文价值取向
Section 2: Two Upgrades and Transformations of Human Ideology
第二节 人类意识形态的两次转型升级
I. The Upgrade from Traditional Political Ideology to Modern Political Ideology
一、 从传统政治意识形态向现代政治意识形态升级
II. The Upgrade from Modern Political Ideology to Modern Science and Technology Ideology
二、 从现代政治意识形态向现代科技意识形态升级
Section 3: The Quality and Change of the Modern Science and Technology Ideology
第三节 现代科技意识形态的质与变
I. The Substantive Breakthrough of the Modern Science and Technology Ideology
一、现代科技意识形态的实质突破
II. The Alienation Phenomenon of the Science and Technology Ideology in Modern Developed Industrial Society and Its Historical Analysis
二、 现代发达工业社会中科技意识形态的异化现象及其历史性分析
Section 4: Multiple Perspectives for Judging the Value and Role of the Science and Technology Ideology
第四节 判定科技意识形态价值与作用的多重视角
I. The Existential Perspective on the Science and Technology Ideology
一、科技意识形态的生存论视角
II. The Epistemological Perspective on the Science and Technology Ideology
二、科技意识形态的知识论视角
Chapter Three: The Dialectical Relationship between the Science and Technology Ideology and the National Science and Technology Innovation System
第三章 科技意识形态与国家科技创新体系的辩证关系
Section 1: The National Science and Technology Innovation System as the Main Material Carrier of the Science and Technology Ideology
第一节 国家科技创新体系是科技意识形态的主要物质载体
I. The Composition and Functions of the National Science and Technology Innovation System
一、国家科技创新体系的构成与功能
II. The National Science and Technology Innovation System Carries the Core Content of the Science and Technology Ideology
二、国家科技创新体系承载着科技意识形态的核心内容
Section 2: The Science and Technology Ideology Leads the Development of the National Science and Technology Innovation System
第二节 科技意识形态引领国家科技创新体系发展
I. The Science and Technology Ideology is the Conceptual Force Influencing Scientific and Technological Innovation Activities in the Entire Society
一、 科技意识形态是影响整个社会的科技创新活动的观念力量
II. An Advanced Science and Technology Ideology Can Coordinate the Principal Contradictions and Key Issues of the Modern Scientific and Technological Revolution
二、先进的科技意识形态能够协调现代科技革命的主要矛盾和关键问题
III. The Science and Technology Ideology is the Adhesive that Integrates All National Forces into the Systematic Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation
三、科技意识形态是国家整合所有力量投入到科技创新系统性工程的黏合剂
Section 3: The Construction of National Science and Technology Innovation Systems and the Condensation of the Science and Technology Ideology in Various Countries
第三节 各国国家科技创新体系建设与科技意识形态的凝炼
I. The Process of Constructing National Science and Technology Innovation Systems in Countries around the World is Simultaneously a Process of Condensing the Science and Technology Ideology
一、世界各国国家科技创新体系的建构过程同时也是和科技意识形态凝炼的过程
II. A Comparison of Models of the Whole-Nation System for Scientific and Technological Innovation under the Influence of Different Science and Technology Ideologies in Countries around the World
二、世界各国国家不同科技意识形态影响下的科技创新举国体制模式比较
Chapter Four: Types of Science and Technology Ideology in Major Global Countries
第四章 全球主要国家科技意识形态类型
Section 1: The Anglo-Saxon Type of Science and Technology Ideology
第一节 盎－撒科技意识形态类型
I. The United Kingdom
一、英国
II. The United States
二、美国
Section 2: The Continental European Type of Science and Technology Ideology
第二节 欧陆科技意识形态类型
I. France
一、法国
II. Germany
二、德国
Section 3: The Russian and Indian Type of Science and Technology Ideology
第三节 俄印科技意识形态类型
I. Russia
一、俄罗斯
II. India
二、印度
Section 4: The Transitional and Changing Type
第四节 过渡变化类型
Section 5: The Regionally Distinctive Type
第五节 区域特色类型
Summary: The Science and Technology Ideology is the Core Driving Force for Science and Technology to Promote Economic and Social Development
总结：科技意识形态是科技促进经济社会发展的核心动力
Chapter Five: Independent Innovation: The Core Discourse of the Science and Technology Ideology with Chinese Characteristics
第五章 自主创新：中国特色科技意识形态的核心话语
Section 1: The Historical Genesis of the Consciousness of Independent Innovation
第一节 自主创新意识的历史生成
I. The Foundation-Laying and Start-Up Stage of China’s National Science and Technology Innovation System
一、中国国家科技创新体系奠基起步阶段
II. The Construction, Development, and Growth Stage of China’s National Science and Technology Innovation System
二、中国国家科技创新体系建设发展成长阶段
III. The Preliminary Completion Stage of China’s National Science and Technology Innovation System
三、中国国家科技创新体系初步建成阶段
IV. “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” is the Core Discourse of the Development and Growth Period of China’s National Science and Technology Innovation System
四、“大众创业 万众创新”是中国国家科技创新体系发展成长期的核心话语
Section 2: The Historical Role of the Consciousness of Independent Innovation
第二节 自主创新意识的历史作用
I. The Core of Independent Innovation is to Promote Scientific and Technological Innovation to Lead Economic and Social Development
一、自主创新的核心是推动科技创新引领经济社会发展
II. Independent Innovation Established the Cultural Confidence of China’s Science and Technology Ideology
二、 自主创新树立了中国科技意识形态的文化自信
III. Forming the Value System of China’s Own Science and Technology Ideology in the Historical Process of China’s Independent Innovation
三、 在中国自主创新的历史生成过程形成自己的科技意识形态的价值体系
Chapter Six: Global Science and Technology Ideology Competition and Conflict
第六章 全球科技意识形态的竞争与冲突
Section 1: Science and Technology Ideology Competition and Its Spheres of Action
第一节 科技意识形态竞争及其作用域
I. Science and Technology Ideology Competition Reflected at the Level of the Effectiveness of National Science and Technology Innovation Systems
一、体现在国家科技创新体系效能层面科技意识形态竞争
II. International Science and Technology Ideology Competition Reflected at the Level of National Science and Technology Innovation System Design
二、体现在各国科技创新制度设计层面的国际科技意识形态竞争
III. International Science and Technology Ideology Competition Reflected at the Conceptual Level
三、体现在观念层面的国际科技意识形态竞争
Section 2: The Risk of Conflict in Global Science and Technology Ideology Competition
第二节 全球科技意识形态竞争的冲突风险
I. The Risk of Competition between Different Science and Technology Ideologies Escalating into Conflict
一、不同的科技意识形态之间存在竞争走向冲突的风险
II. Examples of Science and Technology Ideology Competition Escalating into Conflict
二、科技意识形态由竞争走向冲突的实例
Section 3: The Economic Essence and Direct Target of Science and Technology Ideology Competition
第三节 科技意识形态竞争的经济本质与直接标的
I. Distribution of Returns from Scientific and Technological Innovation: The Root and Essence of Science and Technology Ideology Competition
一、科技创新收益的分配：科技意识形态竞争的根源与本质
II. Discourse Power: The Direct Target of Science and Technology Ideology Competition
二、话语权：科技意识形态竞争的直接标的
III. International Cyberspace: The Most Direct Arena of Current International Science and Technology Ideology Competition
三、国际互联网络空间：当前国际科技意识形态竞争最直接的场域
Chapter Seven: Analysis of Sino-US Science and Technology and Science and Technology Ideology Competition
第七章 中美科技暨科技意识形态竞争分析
Section 1: The Competitive Situation of Sino-US Science and Technology Ideology Based on Differences in Scientific and Technological Value Identification
第一节 中美基于科技价值认同差异的科技意识形态竞争态势
I. Differences in Social Scientific and Technological Value Identification between China and the United States
一、中美两国社会科技价值认同的差异
II. Differences in Norms for the Dissemination and Promotion of the Science and Technology Ideology between China and the United States
二、中美科技意识形态传播推广行为准则差异
III. A Comparison of the Sino-US Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of International Science and Technology Ideology Competition
三、国际科技意识形态竞争视阈中的中美新冠抗疫对比
IV. Differences in Values regarding Scientific and Technological Development Leading to Paradoxes in Online Ideological Discourse, Differences in Focus Areas for Scientific and Technological Innovation, and Differences in Development Speed
四、科技发展的价值观差异导致网络意识形态话语的悖论、科技创新着力领域以及发展速度的差异
Section 2: The Driving Force and Counterforce of Decoupling: Strategies and Methods of Science and Technology Ideology Competition
第二节 脱钩的动力与反作用力：科技意识形态竞争的策略与方法
I. “Decoupling” is an Ultra-High-Cost Policy Choice for All Countries in the World Today
一、“脱钩”对于当今世界各国来说都是一个超高成本的政策选择
II. Responding to “Decoupling”: The Action and Reaction of Science and Technology Ideology Competition
二、“脱钩”的应对：科技意识形态竞争的作用与反作用力
Section 3: China’s Strategy in the Sino-US Science and Technology Ideology Competition
第三节 中美科技意识形态竞争的中国策略
I. Facing the Situation of Sino-US Scientific and Technological Competition and the Root of the “Bottleneck” Problem Head-On
一、正视中美国科技竞争中的态势与“卡脖子”问题的根源
II. Addressing Both Symptoms and Root Causes, Calmly Responding to Scientific and Technological Competition with a New Type of Whole-Nation System
二、标本兼治以新型举国体制沉着应对科技竞争
Section 4: A Possible Future: The Development of Science and Technology Provides Space for Coordination in the Comprehensive Sino-US Science and Technology Ideology Competition I. Shifting from Political Ideology Struggle to Science and Technology Ideology Competition is an Inevitable Choice
第四节 可能的未来：科技的发展为中美科技意识形态全面竞争提供了可协调的空间 一、从政治意识形态斗争转换到科技意识形态竞争是一种必然选择
II. Even if Sino-US Science and Technology Ideology Competition Leads to Complete “Decoupling,” It Is Not a Disaster
二、中美科技意识形态竞争即使导致全面“脱钩”也并不是灾难
III. The Development of Science and Technology Provides New Space for Coordination in the Overall Competition of Science and Technology Ideologies
三、科技发展为科技意识形态的总体竞争提供了协调的新空间
Chapter Eight: New Challenges and New Opportunities Facing the Current Construction and Competition of the Science and Technology Ideology
第八章 当前科技意识形态建设与竞争面临的新挑战与新机遇
Section 1: New Challenges Facing the Current Construction of the Science and Technology Ideology
第一节 当前科技意识形态建设面临的新挑战
I. Scientific Research Based on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Has Become a New Paradigm for Scientific Research
一、基于大数据与人工智能的科学研究成为科研的新范式
II. Cultural Technology and Intelligent Manufacturing Construct New Modes of Survival and Production
二、文化技术与智能制造构建新的生存与生产方式
III. New Technologies Such as Blockchain Improve Relations of Production and Social Governance
三、区块链等新科技改善生产关系与社会治理
IV. New Technologies Such as the Internet and Open-Source Software Generate New Ideas and New Models
四、互联网开源软件等新科技生成新思想与新模式
Section 2 New Hotspots in Future Competition in Scientific and Technological Ideology
第二节 未来科技意识形态竞争的新热点
I. Digital Space: The Next Key Arena for Competition in Scientific and Technological Ideology
一、数字空间：科技意识形态竞争的下一个重点领域
II. Standard-Essential Patents: The Next New Focus of Competition in Scientific and Technological Ideology
二、标准必要专利：科技意识形态竞争下一个新焦点
Section 3 New Trends and New Opportunities in International Competition in Scientific and Technological Ideology
第三节 国际科技意识形态竞争的新趋势与新机遇
I. Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Are the Current Consensus of the International Community on the Rationality and Direction of Scientific and Technological Development
一、碳达峰与碳中和是当前国际社会对科技发展合理性与方向的共识
II. Areas Where Consensus May Be Reached in the Future: Human Policies on AI – Artificial Intelligence Development
二、未来可能达成共识的领域：人类关于AI——人工智能的发展政策
Chapter 9 Moving Toward a New Era of International Competition in Scientific and Technological Ideology
第九章 走向国际科技意识形态竞争的新时代
Section 1 The New Situation of Current International Competition in Science and Technology and Scientific and Technological Ideology
第一节 当今国际科技暨科技意识形态竞争的新态势
I. The New “Three Echelons” in the Global Competition Pattern of Science and Technology and Scientific and Technological Ideology
一、世界科技暨科技意识形态竞争格局中的新“三个梯队”
II. “Two Strong Powers, Multiple Poles, and Regional Competition”: The New Pattern of International Competition in Science and Technology and Scientific and Technological Ideology
二、“两强多极分区域竞争态势”：国际科技暨科技意识形态竞争的新格局
Section 2 China’s Strategy for Welcoming the New Era of Global Competition in Scientific and Technological Ideology
第二节 迎接全球科技意识形态竞争新时代的中国战略
I. Welcoming New Competition with High Confidence
一、以高度的自信迎接新的竞争
II. Actively Shaping the Period of Strategic Opportunity for National Development
二、主动塑造国家发展战略机遇期
III. Continuously Strengthening the Competitive Advantage of a Scientific and Technological Ideology with Chinese Characteristics
三、持续强化中国特色科技意识形态竞争优势
Section 3 China’s Basic Methods, Principles, and New Tasks for Promoting the Development and Competition of Modern Scientific and Technological Ideology
第三节 中国推进现代科技意识形态发展及其竞争的基本方式、原则与新任务
I. Basic Methods for Promoting the Development of Modern Scientific and Technological Ideology
一、推进现代科技意识形态发展的基本方式
II. Proposing Principles for Beneficial International Competition in Scientific and Technological Ideology
二、 倡仪国际科技意识形态有益竞争原则
III. New Tasks for the Innovative Development of China’s Scientific and Technological Ideology
三、中国科技意识形态创新性发展的新任务
Section 4 Constructing a Discourse System and Discourse Power for a Scientific and Technological Ideology with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era
第四节 建构新时代中国特色科技意识形态话语体系及话语权
I. Deconstructing Western “Modernization” Theory to Create a Discourse Environment for Competition in Scientific and Technological Ideology
一、解构西方“现代化”理论创建科技意识形态竞争话语环境
II. Constructing a Discourse System for a Scientific and Technological Ideology with Chinese Characteristics and Enhancing Discourse Power
二、构建中国特色科技意识形态话语体系及提升话语权
III. Adhering to the People-Centered Attribute of Scientific and Technological Innovation and Strengthening the Competitiveness of the Discourse of a Scientific and Technological Ideology with Chinese Characteristics
三、坚持科技创新的人民属性 强化中国特色科技意识形态话语的竞争力
IV. Deeply Participating in Global Science and Technology Governance and Enhancing Discourse Power in the Process of Promoting the Building of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
四、深度参与全球科技治理 在推进人类命运共同体建设的过程中提升话语权
Conclusion
结束语
References
参考文献