Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation

The sense of community for the Chinese nation is the foundation of ethnic unity, the emotional bond of national identity and ethnic integration, the ideological cornerstone of national unification and ethnic solidarity, and the source of strength for the Chinese nation’s enduring continuity and sustainable development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to the Two Integrations [1]1 The Two Integrations (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture. while keeping in view the Two Overall Situations [2]2 The Second Integration (第二个结合) refers specifically to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture., profoundly summarized the experience and lessons of domestic and international ethnic work, deeply discerned the developmental trend of the Chinese national community, clearly put forward the major original thesis of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, and established it as the main line of the Party’s ethnic work and all work in ethnic regions in the New Era, enriching and developing Marxist ethnic theory, and consolidating and expanding the correct path of solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics. Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture and a core tenet of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, pointing the way forward for doing the Party’s ethnic work well in the New Era.

中华民族共同体意识是民族团结之本，是国家认同、民族交融的情感纽带，是祖国统一、民族团结的思想基石，是中华民族绵延不衰、永续发展的力量源泉。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持“两个结合”、着眼“两个大局”，深刻总结国内外民族工作经验教训，深刻洞察中华民族共同体发展趋势，鲜明提出铸牢中华民族共同体意识这一重大原创性论断，并将其确立为新时代党的民族工作和民族地区各项工作的主线，丰富和发展了马克思主义民族理论，巩固和拓展了中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路。铸牢中华民族共同体意识，是习近平文化思想的重要组成部分，也是习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想的核心要义，为做好新时代党的民族工作指明了前进方向。

Deeply Understanding the Rich Connotation and Great Significance of Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation

深刻认识铸牢中华民族共同体意识的丰富内涵和重大意义

Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is a major original thesis put forward in the great leap of the Chinese nation from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong, accompanying the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it possesses great practical significance and rich ideological connotations. The formulation of this major original thesis has undergone a process of continuous deepening in understanding, continuous improvement in theory, and continuous development in practice. In May 2014, at the Second Central Xinjiang Work Symposium, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed “firmly establishing among all ethnic groups a sense of the nation, a sense of citizenship, and a sense of community for the Chinese nation.” In September 2019, at the National Conference on Commending Model Units and Individuals for Ethnic Unity and Progress, the General Secretary emphasized, “We must take forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line, and grasp the cause of ethnic unity and progress well as a foundational undertaking.” In August 2021, at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work, the General Secretary stressed, “We must take forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line of the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era, promote the firm identification of all ethnic groups with the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China, and socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continuously advance the building of the Chinese national community.” In October 2023, the 20th Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held its ninth collective study on forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, where the General Secretary pointed out, “Take forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line of the Party’s ethnic work and all work in ethnic regions in the New Era.” In September 2024, at the National Conference on Commending Model Units and Individuals for Ethnic Unity and Progress, the General Secretary emphasized, “Adhere to taking forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line, continuously advance the cause of ethnic unity and progress, and promote the high-quality development of the Party’s ethnic work”… Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic transformations. The features of people of all ethnic groups, the features of ethnic regions, the features of ethnic relations, and the features of the Chinese nation have all undergone historic changes.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识是在中华民族从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃中，伴随中华民族伟大复兴提出的重大原创性论断，具有重大的现实意义和丰富的思想内涵。这一重大原创性论断的提出，经历了一个在认识上不断深化、在理论上不断完善、在实践中不断发展的过程。2014年5月，习近平总书记在第二次中央新疆工作座谈会上提出，“在各民族中牢固树立国家意识、公民意识、中华民族共同体意识”。2019年9月，总书记在全国民族团结进步表彰大会上强调，“要以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，把民族团结进步事业作为基础性事业抓紧抓好”。2021年8月，总书记在中央民族工作会议上强调，“必须以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为新时代党的民族工作的主线，推动各民族坚定对伟大祖国、中华民族、中华文化、中国共产党、中国特色社会主义的高度认同，不断推进中华民族共同体建设”。2023年10月，二十届中央政治局就铸牢中华民族共同体意识进行第九次集体学习，总书记指出，“把铸牢中华民族共同体意识作为新时代党的民族工作和民族地区各项工作的主线”。2024年9月，总书记在全国民族团结进步表彰大会上强调，“坚持以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，不断推进民族团结进步事业，推动党的民族工作高质量发展”……在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，新时代党的民族工作取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，各族群众的面貌、民族地区的面貌、民族关系的面貌、中华民族的面貌都发生了历史性巨变。

Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is of great significance. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we must grasp the historical orientation of the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era from the strategic height of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Currently, China is in a critical period of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and the Party’s ethnic work has also exhibited some new stage-specific characteristics. Ethnic regions have stepped up to a new level of development, but the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development remains relatively prominent; the trend of large-scale population mobility and integrated settlement among all ethnic groups is continuously strengthening, but the factors affecting interactions, exchanges, and integration among ethnic groups remain complex and diverse; the ideological foundation of the Chinese national community is continuously being consolidated, but ideological struggle in the ethnic field remains acute and complex. Against this backdrop, forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is an inevitable requirement for safeguarding the fundamental interests of all ethnic groups, an inevitable requirement for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, an inevitable requirement for consolidating and developing socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony, and an inevitable requirement for the Party’s ethnic work to break new ground. Only by forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation and constructing a solid ideological Great Wall safeguarding national unification and ethnic solidarity can we effectively resist the infiltration and subversion of various extremist and separatist ideas, effectively respond to the risks and challenges that may arise in the ethnic field during the process of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, consolidate the ideological foundation for the development of China’s ethnic relations, do the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era well, meticulously, and solidly, continuously realize the aspirations of all ethnic groups for a better life, and realize, safeguard, and develop the fundamental interests of all ethnic groups.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识意义重大。习近平总书记强调，必须从中华民族伟大复兴战略高度把握新时代党的民族工作的历史方位。当前，我国正处在中华民族伟大复兴的关键时期，党的民族工作也出现一些新的阶段性特征。民族地区发展迈上新台阶，但发展不平衡不充分问题仍然相对突出；各民族人口大流动大融居趋势不断增强，但影响各民族交往交流交融的因素仍然复杂多样；中华民族共同体思想基础不断巩固，但民族领域意识形态斗争仍然尖锐复杂。在这样的背景下，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，是维护各民族根本利益的必然要求，是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求，是巩固和发展平等团结互助和谐社会主义民族关系的必然要求，是党的民族工作开创新局面的必然要求。只有铸牢中华民族共同体意识，构建起维护祖国统一和民族团结的坚固思想长城，才能有效抵御各种极端、分裂思想的渗透颠覆，才能有效应对实现中华民族伟大复兴过程中民族领域可能发生的风险挑战，才能夯实我国民族关系发展的思想基础，才能把新时代党的民族工作做好做细做扎实，不断实现各族人民对美好生活的向往，实现好维护好发展好各民族根本利益。

The connotation of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is rich. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation means guiding people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the community concept of sharing weal and woe, sharing honor and disgrace, sharing life and death, and sharing a common destiny. The blood integration of all ethnic groups is the historical foundation for the formation and development of the Chinese national community; shared beliefs are the endogenous driving force for the Chinese nation to create a unified multi-ethnic state; cultural affinity is the cultural gene for the Chinese nation to forge a pattern of pluralistic unity in civilization; economic interdependence is the powerful force for the Chinese nation to build a unified economic entity; emotional closeness is the strong bond for the Chinese nation as one family. The sense of community for the Chinese nation is the reflection of the historical objective existence of the Chinese national community in people’s minds, the common psychological consciousness of the Chinese nation formed in the process of building the Chinese national community. The key to forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation lies in guiding people of all ethnic groups, especially young people, to deeply implant the community concept of the “four sharings” [3]3 The Four Confidences (四个自信) refers to confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics., promoting all ethnic groups to establish a correct view of the nation, a correct view of history, a correct view of ethnicity, a correct view of culture, and a correct view of religion, enhancing the sense of the nation, the sense of citizenship, and the sense of the rule of law, and strengthening their firm identification with the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China, and socialism with Chinese characteristics. Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation requires continuously constructing the common spiritual home of the Chinese nation, so that people of all ethnic groups deeply understand that all ethnic groups in China have jointly opened up the vast territory of the motherland, jointly created the unified multi-ethnic state, jointly written the brilliant history of China, jointly created the splendid Chinese culture, and jointly cultivated the great national spirit. The great motherland and the great nation nurtured by over 5,000 years of Chinese civilization will forever be the deepest and most enduring emotional attachment of all Chinese sons and daughters. On this vast, beautiful, and fertile land, people of all ethnic groups share one common homeland, which is China; share one common identity, which is the Chinese nation; share one common name, which is Chinese; and share one common dream, which is realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识内涵丰富。习近平总书记指出，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，就是要引导各族人民牢固树立休戚与共、荣辱与共、生死与共、命运与共的共同体理念。各民族血脉相融是中华民族共同体形成和发展的历史根基，信念相同是中华民族缔造统一的多民族国家的内生动力，文化相通是中华民族铸就多元一体文明格局的文化基因，经济相依是中华民族构建统一经济体的强大力量，情感相亲是中华民族一家亲的坚强纽带。中华民族共同体意识是中华民族共同体这一历史客观存在在人们头脑中的反映，是中华民族共同体建设过程中形成的中华民族共同心理意识。铸牢中华民族共同体意识，关键在于引导各族人民特别是青少年深植“四个与共”的共同体理念，推动各民族树立正确的国家观、历史观、民族观、文化观、宗教观，增强国家意识、公民意识、法治意识，坚定对伟大祖国、中华民族、中华文化、中国共产党、中国特色社会主义的高度认同。铸牢中华民族共同体意识就要不断构筑中华民族共有精神家园，使各族人民深刻认识到，我国各民族共同开拓了祖国的辽阔疆域，共同缔造了统一的多民族国家，共同书写了辉煌的中国历史，共同创造了灿烂的中华文化，共同培育了伟大的民族精神，五千多年中华文明所孕育的伟大祖国、伟大民族，永远是全体中华儿女最深沉、最持久的情感所系。在这片辽阔、美丽、富饶的土地上，各族人民都有一个共同家园，就是中国；都有一个共同身份，就是中华民族；都有一个共同名字，就是中国人；都有一个共同梦想，就是实现中华民族伟大复兴。

Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation requires grasping several important relationships. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the innovative development of the Party’s ethnic work means adhering to what is correct, adjusting what is outdated, and better safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of all ethnic groups. Four pairs of relationships should be grasped as key points. First, correctly grasp the relationship between commonality and difference. Enhancing commonality while respecting and accommodating difference is an important principle of ethnic work. Commonality is dominant; difference must not weaken or harm commonality. Second, correctly grasp the relationship between the sense of community for the Chinese nation and the sense of individual ethnic groups. The two can coexist without conflict, but they are not parallel or equal; the sense of one’s own ethnic group must be subordinate to and serve the sense of community for the Chinese nation. Third, correctly grasp the relationship between Chinese culture and the cultures of all ethnic groups. The excellent traditional cultures of all ethnic groups are all components of Chinese culture. Chinese culture is the trunk, and the cultures of all ethnic groups are the branches and leaves; only with deep roots and a strong trunk can the branches be luxuriant and the leaves abundant. Fourth, correctly grasp the relationship between the material and the spiritual. The material and the spiritual complement each other; it is not a matter of either/or, or one rising while the other falls, nor is it a single-choice question. Economic and social development does not automatically bring about ethnic unity and a sense of community for the Chinese nation. All reform and development must be endowed with the significance of manifesting the sense of community for the Chinese nation, the significance of safeguarding unification and opposing division, and the significance of improving people’s livelihoods and rallying people’s hearts, so that the Chinese national community becomes indestructible.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识要把握若干重要关系。习近平总书记强调，党的民族工作创新发展，就是要坚持正确的，调整过时的，更好保障各民族群众合法权益。要重点把握四对关系。一是正确把握共同性和差异性的关系。增进共同性、尊重和包容差异性是民族工作的重要原则。共同性是主导，差异性不能削弱和危害共同性。二是正确把握中华民族共同体意识和各民族意识的关系。二者可以并行不悖，但不是平行并列的，本民族意识要服从和服务于中华民族共同体意识。三是正确把握中华文化和各民族文化的关系。各民族优秀传统文化都是中华文化的组成部分。中华文化是主干，各民族文化是枝叶，根深干壮才能枝繁叶茂。四是正确把握物质和精神的关系。物质和精神相辅相成，不是非此即彼、此消彼长，不是单选题。经济社会发展并不自然而然带来民族团结和中华民族共同体意识，要赋予所有改革发展以彰显中华民族共同体意识的意义，以维护统一、反对分裂的意义，以改善民生、凝聚人心的意义，让中华民族共同体牢不可破。

Deeply Understanding the Theoretical Origins of Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation

深刻理解铸牢中华民族共同体意识的理论渊源

Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is a major theoretical innovation with a clear problem-oriented and practice-oriented focus. General Secretary Xi Jinping, grounded in the Two Integrations [1]1 The Two Integrations (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture., especially the Second Integration [2]2 The Second Integration (第二个结合) refers specifically to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture., has strengthened the historical logic of the Four Confidences [3]3 The Four Confidences (四个自信) refers to confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics., consolidated the civilizational foundation of the Party’s innovative theory, and resolved deep-seated theoretical issues in all fields, including the ethnic domain. Only by grounding ourselves in the Two Integrations, especially the Second Integration, can we scientifically grasp the theoretical and historical origins of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识是具有鲜明问题导向和实践指向的重大理论创新。习近平总书记立足“两个结合”特别是“第二个结合”，强化了“四个自信”的历史逻辑，夯实了党的创新理论的文明根基，解决了包括民族领域在内的各领域深层次理论问题。只有立足“两个结合”特别是“第二个结合”，才能科学把握铸牢中华民族共同体意识的理论和历史渊源。

Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation derives from Marxist ethnic theory. Marxism has always treated the ethnic question as an important component of the proletarian revolution, advocating the principle of ethnic equality to promote genuine unity and alliance among the proletariat and oppressed peoples worldwide. For a Marxist political party, uniting the laboring masses across ethnic lines is a necessary condition for achieving revolutionary victory; after seizing state power, it must promote ethnic equality and unity on socialist principles, fostering harmony and integration among all ethnic groups. Guided by Marxist ethnic theory and grounded in the history of interaction, exchange, and integration among China’s ethnic groups, General Secretary Xi Jinping has proposed, from the perspective of community, the concept of a community sharing weal and woe, honor and disgrace, life and death, and destiny. This is a deep integration of Marxist ethnic theory with the objective reality of China’s ethnic groups being “intertwined with each other.” From a methodological standpoint, he has correctly articulated the relationships between commonality and difference, between the sense of community for the Chinese nation and the consciousness of individual ethnic groups, between Chinese culture and the cultures of individual ethnic groups, and between the material and the spiritual. This is a deep integration of Marxist dialectical materialism with traditional Chinese dialectical thinking. Proposing the forging of a sense of community for the Chinese nation has opened a new realm in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the field of ethnic theory.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识来自于马克思主义民族理论。马克思主义始终把民族问题作为无产阶级革命的重要组成部分，主张以民族平等原则推动全世界无产阶级和被压迫民族真正实现团结、联合。对马克思主义政党来说，不分民族地把劳苦大众联合起来，是取得革命胜利的必要条件；在取得政权后，必须以社会主义原则促进民族平等团结，促进各民族和谐交融。习近平总书记以马克思主义民族理论为指导，立足中华民族交往交流交融的历史，从共同体角度提出休戚与共、荣辱与共、生死与共、命运与共的共同体理念，是马克思主义民族理论与中国各民族“你中有我，我中有你”客观实际的深度结合；从方法论角度提出正确把握共同性和差异性的关系、中华民族共同体意识和各民族意识的关系、中华文化和各民族文化的关系、物质和精神的关系，是马克思主义唯物辩证法与中国传统辩证思维的深度结合；等等。提出铸牢中华民族共同体意识，开辟了马克思主义民族理论中国化时代化的新境界。

Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is rooted in Chinese civilization. Chinese civilization has a history of one million years of humanity, ten thousand years of culture, and over five thousand years of civilization. Chinese civilization embodies the concepts of “unifying customs across the six directions, bringing order to the nine provinces” [4]4 “Unifying customs across the six directions, bringing order to the nine provinces” (六合同风，九州共贯) is a classical Chinese phrase from the *Book of Han* (《汉书》), expressing the ideal of cultural and administrative unity across the realm. and “a world of great harmony” [5]5 “A world of great harmony” (天下大同) is a Confucian ideal from the *Book of Rites* (《礼记》), envisioning a harmonious and equitable society., consistently regarding great unity as “the constant norm of heaven and earth, the universal principle through the ages” [6]6 “The constant norm of heaven and earth, the universal principle through the ages” (天地之常经，古今之通义) is a classical formulation from the *Book of Han* (《汉书》), used to justify the principle of great unity (大一统).. It has always upheld the shared conviction that the territory must not be divided, the state must not be thrown into chaos, the nation must not be scattered, and civilization must not be severed. It emphasizes the unity of all under heaven, the shared governance of the realm by the five categories of peoples [7]7 “The five categories of peoples” (五方之民) is a classical term from the *Book of Rites* (《礼记》), referring to the peoples of the five directions (center, east, south, west, north) within the Chinese world order., and that all within the four seas are brothers, while also stressing governance according to local customs. This concept of maintaining unity while valuing difference provides a profound governance tradition for forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation. Chinese civilization has nurtured a series of shared values, such as “harmony in diversity” [8]8 “Harmony in diversity” (和而不同) is a Confucian concept from the *Analects* (《论语》), advocating unity without uniformity., which emphasizes the harmonious coexistence and mutual respect of different ethnic groups and cultures, providing ideological guidance for the interaction, exchange, and integration of all ethnic groups. Traditional virtues such as benevolence, integrity, harmony, and filial piety have become behavioral norms and moral codes observed by all ethnic groups, providing moral support for forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation. Throughout history, the hard work and simplicity, respect for ritual, and closeness to benevolence of agrarian civilization; the warmth, boldness, and fierce vigor of steppe civilization; and the inclusiveness, daring to strive, and willingness to win of maritime civilization have continuously infused the Chinese nation’s characteristics and endowments, jointly forging a great national spirit centered on patriotism. This provides an inexhaustible source of spiritual motivation for forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识植根于中华文明。中华民族具有百万年的人类史、一万年的文化史、五千多年的文明史。中华文明蕴含着“六合同风，九州共贯”、“天下大同”的理念，始终把大一统看作是“天地之常经，古今之通义”，始终坚持国土不可分、国家不可乱、民族不可散、文明不可断的共同信念；强调天下一统、五方之民共天下、四海之内皆兄弟，又强调因俗而治，这种维护一统而又重视差别的理念，为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了深厚的治理传统。中华文明孕育了一系列共同的价值观念，如“和而不同”强调不同民族、不同文化的和谐共处与互相尊重，为各民族的交往交流交融提供了思想引领；如仁爱、诚信、和谐、孝道等传统美德，成为各民族共同遵守的行为准则和道德规范，为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了道德支撑。在历史长河中，农耕文明的勤劳质朴、崇礼亲仁，草原文明的热烈奔放、勇猛刚健，海洋文明的海纳百川、敢拼会赢，源源不断注入中华民族的特质和禀赋，共同熔铸了以爱国主义为核心的伟大民族精神，为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了不竭精神动力。

Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is elevated through the Communist Party of China’s century-long exploration of ethnic work. From the day of its founding, the CPC has consciously shouldered the historical mission of strengthening the construction of the Chinese national community and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. At the Party’s inception, Li Dazhao [9]9 Li Dazhao (李大钊, 1889–1927) was a co-founder of the Communist Party of China and a leading intellectual who promoted Marxist thought and Chinese national rejuvenation. argued that over China’s long history, the various ethnic groups had “no clear boundaries, with bloodlines completely merged,” and issued a call for the “revival and rebirth” of the Chinese nation. During the New Democratic Revolution period, our Party clearly stated that “the CPC is the vanguard of the Chinese proletariat” and “at the same time, the CPC is the vanguard of the entire Chinese nation,” making it the central task of solving the ethnic question to achieve, externally, the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation from imperialist aggression and oppression, and internally, the elimination of ethnic oppression and discrimination to achieve equality, unity, and progress among all ethnic groups. Comrade Mao Zedong, in his article “The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party,” systematically expounded the CPC’s view of the Chinese nation. Through the tempering of the Long March, the mobilization of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, and the baptism of the People’s War, our Party integrated national liberation with the democratic revolution, and the construction of a modern state with the construction of the Chinese national community, uniting and leading people of all ethnic groups in common struggle, jointly creating a unified multi-ethnic state. After the founding of New China, the Party established ethnic theory and work policies centered on ethnic equality, ethnic unity, regional ethnic autonomy, and common prosperity for all ethnic groups. Under the socialist system, all ethnic groups achieved genuine equality, unity, and progress. In particular, the implementation of the system of regional ethnic autonomy was a correct choice made by our Party after long exploration and repeated comparison, based on national conditions and in line with the people’s will, and represents a great creation of our Party. During the new period of reform and opening up, our Party adhered to the principle of all ethnic groups working together in unity and striving for common development, adopting a series of major measures to support the economic and social development of ethnic regions, achieving remarkable results. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has emphasized concepts such as the big family of the Chinese nation, the community of the Chinese nation, forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, and advancing the construction of the Chinese national community. It has clearly proposed making the forging of a sense of community for the Chinese nation the main line of the Party’s ethnic work and all work in ethnic regions in the New Era, achieving new historic accomplishments in the Party’s ethnic work, and presenting a new outlook for the cause of ethnic unity and progress in our country.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识升华于中国共产党民族工作的百余年探索。中国共产党自成立之日起，就自觉担负起加强中华民族共同体建设、实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史使命。建党伊始，李大钊提出各民族在中国漫长历史中“畛域不分、血统全泯”，发出了中华民族“复活更生”的时代之声。新民主主义革命时期，我们党明确提出“中国共产党是中国无产阶级的先锋队”，“同时中国共产党又是全民族的先锋队”，把对外摆脱帝国主义侵略压迫，谋求中华民族独立和解放，对内消除民族压迫、民族歧视，谋求各民族的平等、团结和进步，作为解决民族问题的中心任务。毛泽东同志在《中国革命和中国共产党》一文中系统阐述了中国共产党的中华民族观。经过长征磨砺、抗日民族统一战线动员和人民战争洗礼，我们党将民族解放与民主革命相结合，把现代国家建构与中华民族共同体建设相结合，团结带领各族人民共同奋斗，共同缔造了统一的多民族国家。新中国成立后，党确立了以民族平等、民族团结、民族区域自治、各民族共同繁荣为主要内容的民族理论和民族工作方针政策，各民族在社会主义制度下实现了真正意义上的平等团结进步。特别是实行民族区域自治制度，是我们党经过长期探索、反复比较，依据国情、顺应民意作出的正确抉择，是我们党的伟大创举。改革开放新时期，我们党坚持各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，采取一系列重大措施支持民族地区经济社会发展，取得显著成就。党的十八大以来，我们党强调中华民族大家庭、中华民族共同体、铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进中华民族共同体建设等理念，鲜明提出把铸牢中华民族共同体意识作为新时代党的民族工作、民族地区各项工作的主线，推动党的民族工作取得新的历史性成就，我国民族团结进步事业呈现新气象。

Practical Requirements for Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation

铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践要求

Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is a common task for the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country. The forging of a sense of community for the Chinese nation must be carried through all aspects and the entire process of the Party’s ethnic work, and all work must be focused on this.

铸牢中华民族共同体意识，是全党全国各族人民的共同任务。要把铸牢中华民族共同体意识贯穿党的民族工作全过程各方面，所有工作要向此聚焦。

Actively construct a scientific and complete theoretical system for the Chinese national community. The Chinese nation has its own unique history; to analyze the history of the Chinese nation, one cannot simply apply Western ethnic theories. We must adhere to the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thoughts on strengthening and improving ethnic work, ground ourselves in the Two Integrations, deepen research on major foundational theories and practical issues in the ethnic field, and accelerate the formation of an independent knowledge system for Chinese ethnic theory. We must conduct in-depth comparative studies of ethnic governance between China and the West, clearly explaining the civilizational connotations and unique advantages of the correct path to solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics, fundamentally breaking free from the negative influence of Western ethnic theoretical discourse. We must solidly advance the disciplinary construction of the Chinese national community, promote the optimization and adjustment of the discipline of ethnology, make good use of the textbook *An Introduction to the Chinese National Community*, strengthen the construction of research bases for forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, lead and expand the academic team for theoretical research on the Chinese national community, and produce landmark, high-quality research results.

积极构建科学完备的中华民族共同体理论体系。中华民族有自身独特的历史，解析中华民族的历史，就不能套用西方那一套民族理论。要坚持以习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想为统领，立足“两个结合”，深化民族领域重大基础理论和现实问题研究，加快形成中国民族理论的自主知识体系。深入开展中西方民族治理比较研究，讲清楚中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路的文明内涵和独特优势，从根本上摆脱西方民族理论话语的消极影响。扎实推进中华民族共同体学科建设，推进民族学学科优化调整，用好《中华民族共同体概论》教材，加强铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地建设，引领壮大中华民族共同体理论研究学术队伍，产出具有标志性的高质量研究成果。

Solidly advance the construction of a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation. Building a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation is a strategic task. Promote the formation of a responsibility system for the work of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, incorporate the forging of a sense of community for the Chinese nation into the scope of Party building, and simultaneously deploy and advance it in political quality inspections, disciplinary inspection tours, and performance evaluations. Guided by the core socialist values, we must strengthen education on the Party’s theories, line, principles, and policies for all ethnic groups, vigorously promote the national spirit centered on patriotism and the spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, use common ideals and convictions to unite hearts and forge souls, and lay a solid ideological foundation for ethnic unity. Establish a normalized mechanism for publicity and education on forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, incorporate it into the systems of cadre education, Party member education, national education, and social education, and promote the in-depth internalization of the Party’s innovative achievements in ethnic theory. Cultural identity is the deepest form of identity. Improve the institutional mechanisms for enhancing Chinese cultural identity, innovatively utilize diverse carriers such as literary and artistic performances, cultural relic and museum exhibitions, literary creation, and sports events, and promote the forging of a sense of community for the Chinese nation education to be outstanding and effective. Advance the construction of ideological and political courses on forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation in universities, middle schools, and primary schools, and educate and guide young people to firmly establish correct views of the state, history, ethnicity, culture, and religion. Comprehensively promote and popularize the national common language and script, comprehensively implement the use of nationally unified textbooks, and use language connectivity to promote heart-to-heart connectivity and shared destiny. Establish and highlight the Chinese cultural symbols and the image of the Chinese nation shared by all ethnic groups, and enhance the Chinese cultural identity and cultural confidence of people of all ethnic groups.

扎实推进中华民族共有精神家园建设。构筑中华民族共有精神家园是一项战略任务。推动形成铸牢中华民族共同体意识工作责任制，把铸牢中华民族共同体意识纳入党的建设范畴，在政治素质考察、巡视巡察、政绩考核中同步部署推动。要以社会主义核心价值观为引领，面向各族群众加强党的理论和路线方针政策教育，大力弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神、以改革创新为核心的时代精神，用共同理想信念凝心铸魂，打牢民族团结的思想基础。构建铸牢中华民族共同体意识宣传教育常态化机制，纳入干部教育、党员教育、国民教育和社会教育体系，推动党的民族理论创新成果入脑入心。文化认同是最深层次的认同。完善增强中华文化认同的体制机制，创新运用文艺展演、文博展陈、文学创作、体育赛事等多元载体，推动铸牢中华民族共同体意识教育出彩出效。推进大中小学铸牢中华民族共同体意识思政课建设，教育引导青少年牢固树立正确的国家观、历史观、民族观、文化观、宗教观。全面推广普及国家通用语言文字，全面推行使用国家统编教材，以语言相通促进心灵相通、命运相通。树立和突出各民族共享的中华文化符号和中华民族形象，增强各族群众的中华文化认同和文化自信。

Innovatively tell the story of the community for the Chinese nation. To tell the story of the community for the Chinese nation well, we must clearly explain that the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the socialist system are the reliable guarantees for the common development and progress of all ethnic groups in our country; clearly explain that the Chinese nation is a community of shared destiny with strong identity and cohesion; and clearly explain the obvious superiority of the correct path with Chinese characteristics for solving ethnic problems. Create a new system for narrating the Chinese nation, and in response to some countries maliciously slandering, defaming, and smearing our country’s ethnic policies under the pretext of ethnic issues, widely use history and facts to refute them. Build new carriers for the dissemination of Chinese culture, fully leverage the role of the omnimedia matrix, skillfully use the internet, big data, and artificial intelligence to launch multimodal, segmented, and high-traffic content products, innovatively explore online and offline, domestic and international publicity coordination to advance the work of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation, and make the internet the greatest increment in forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation. Expand new channels for dialogue among Chinese civilizations, proactively set agendas and build international forums, conduct in-depth exchanges and frank dialogues with the international community, actively go abroad to negotiate cooperation with various countries, and enhance China’s soft power through higher-level Sino-foreign people-to-people and cultural exchanges and academic exchanges. Strengthen the new team for the dissemination of Chinese culture, organize a group of experts with high theoretical levels and strong cross-cultural communication skills to proactively speak out, and enhance the leading capacity of cultural dissemination.

创新讲好中华民族共同体故事。讲好中华民族共同体故事，要讲清楚中国共产党领导和社会主义制度是我国各民族共同发展进步的可靠保障，讲清楚中华民族是具有强大认同度和凝聚力的命运共同体，讲清楚中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路所具有的明显优越性。打造中华民族叙事新体系，针对一些国家借民族问题恶意诋毁污蔑抹黑我国民族政策，广泛运用历史和事实予以驳斥。搭建中华文化传播新载体，充分发挥全媒体矩阵作用，善于运用互联网、大数据、人工智能推出多模态、分众化、高流量内容产品，创新探索网上网下、内宣外宣协作推进铸牢中华民族共同体意识工作，使互联网成为铸牢中华民族共同体意识的最大增量。拓展中华文明对话新渠道，主动创设议题、搭建国际论坛，与国际社会进行深入交流、坦诚对话，积极走出去同各国洽谈合作，以更高水平中外人文交流、学术交流提升中国软实力。壮大中华文化传播新队伍，组织一批理论水平高、跨文化交流能力强的专家，主动发声，增强文化传播引领能力。

Guard the ideological positions in the ethnic field. Improve and perfect the responsibility system for ideological work in the ethnic field, consolidate the main responsibility for ideological work, and tighten the political responsibilities of Party organizations at all levels and leading cadres. Strengthen the construction of ideological positions in the ethnic field, adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in ideological work in the ethnic field, actively and steadily handle ideological issues involving ethnic factors, clearly oppose historical nihilism, extreme nationalism, religious extremism, great-power chauvinism, and local nationalism, and continuously eliminate the pernicious influence of ethnic separatism and religious extremist ideology. Strengthen and standardize the translation work of minority languages and scripts, and continuously improve the level of public cultural services.

守好民族领域意识形态阵地。健全完善民族领域意识形态工作责任制，压实意识形态工作主体责任，压紧各级党组织和领导干部的政治责任。加强民族领域意识形态阵地建设，坚持马克思主义在民族领域意识形态工作中的指导地位，积极稳妥处理涉民族因素的意识形态问题，旗帜鲜明反对历史虚无主义、极端民族主义、宗教极端主义、大民族主义和地方民族主义，持续肃清民族分裂、宗教极端思想流毒。加强和规范少数民族语言文字翻译工作，不断提高公共文化服务水平。

Our Party has created great achievements recorded in history by relying on the united struggle of people of all ethnic groups across the country, and it must also rely on the united struggle of people of all ethnic groups across the country to write new glories. On the new journey of the New Era, only by forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation can we enhance the conscious identification of all ethnic groups with the Chinese nation, and gather a mighty force for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.

我们党依靠全国各族人民团结奋斗创造了彪炳史册的伟大成就，也要依靠全国各族人民团结奋斗续写新的辉煌。新时代新征程上，只有铸牢中华民族共同体意识，才能增进各民族对中华民族的自觉认同，为强国建设、民族复兴汇聚磅礴力量。

Online editor: Paul

网络编辑：保罗