Defend the Fruits of Victory in World War II and Join Hands to Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the Commemoration of the 80th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War: “History warns us that the destinies of mankind are closely linked. Only when all countries and all nations treat each other as equals, live in harmony, and help each other can they maintain common security, eliminate the roots of war, and prevent the tragedy of history from repeating itself!” At present, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, and global governance has come to a new crossroads. We must firmly promote a correct view of the history of World War II, defend the fruits of victory in World War II, promote the reform and improvement of the global governance system, ensure that the people of all countries participate in global governance and share the fruits of global governance, and join hands to build a community with a shared future for mankind.

习近平总书记在纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年大会上的讲话中指出：“历史警示我们，人类命运休戚与共，各个国家、各个民族只有平等相待、和睦相处、守望相助，才能维护共同安全，消弭战争根源，不让历史悲剧重演！”当前世界进入新的动荡变革期，全球治理走到新的十字路口，我们必须坚定弘扬正确二战史观，捍卫二战胜利成果，推动改革完善全球治理体系，保障各国人民共同参与全球治理、共享全球治理成果，携手迈向人类命运共同体。

The Establishment of the Post-War International Order and the Construction of Peace Norms

战后国际秩序的奠定与和平规范的建构

China’s historic contribution to the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War established its important status as a builder of post-war world peace and a defender of the international order. Over the past eighty years, China has always regarded defending the fruits of victory in World War II and improving the global governance system as a historical responsibility, adhered to the path of peaceful development, and provided a solid historical basis and practical foundation for the transformation of the global governance system.

中国为世界反法西斯战争胜利作出的历史性贡献，奠定了战后世界和平建设者、国际秩序维护者的重要地位。八十年来，中国始终将捍卫二战胜利成果与完善全球治理体系视为历史责任，坚持走和平发展道路，为全球治理体系的变革提供了坚实的历史依据和实践基础。

The Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression began the earliest and lasted the longest, supporting the main Eastern battlefield of the World Anti-Fascist War with enormous national sacrifice. Over fourteen years, Chinese military and civilian casualties exceeded 35 million, and direct and indirect economic losses, calculated at the exchange rate of the time, exceeded 600 billion US dollars, effectively striking and pinning down the forces of Japanese militarism. The unyielding and arduous struggle of the Chinese military and civilians effectively prevented the strategic coordination plan formulated by the Axis powers Germany and Japan in the East, shattered Japan’s strategic attempts to “advance north” to attack the Soviet Far East and to “advance south” to join forces with Germany in the Indian Ocean, and profoundly influenced the ultimate direction of the World Anti-Fascist War. This great victory was a historical turning point for the Chinese nation from the deep crisis it had fallen into since modern times toward the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and it was also an important component of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War. It made an important contribution to the cause of world peace and won the respect of peace-loving people around the world.

中国人民抗日战争开始时间最早、持续时间最长，以巨大民族牺牲支撑起了世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场。十四年间，中国军民伤亡人数超过3500万，直接和间接经济损失按当时比值计算超过6000亿美元，有效打击和牵制了日本军国主义的力量。中国军民不屈不挠、艰苦卓绝的抗日斗争，有效阻止了轴心国德日双方制定的在东方的战略协同计划，粉碎了日本“北进”攻击苏联远东地区和“南进”与德国在印度洋会师的战略企图，深刻影响了世界反法西斯战争的最终走向。这个伟大胜利，是中华民族从近代以来陷入深重危机走向伟大复兴的历史转折点，也是世界反法西斯战争胜利的重要组成部分，为世界和平事业作出了重要贡献，赢得了世界爱好和平的人们的尊敬。

Around the end of World War II, the most important decision made by the international community was the establishment of the United Nations. China was not only a founding member of the United Nations but also an important designer and founder of the UN system. China deeply participated in a series of major conferences that determined the post-war world structure, including the Cairo Conference, and was the first to solemnly sign the Charter of the United Nations, becoming a permanent member of the Security Council. As a founder and builder of the post-war international order, China firmly upholds the international system with the United Nations at its core, practices the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, opposes any historical revisionism that attempts to distort or deny the history of World War II, and has always stood on the right side of history.

第二次世界大战结束前后，国际社会作出的最重要决定就是成立联合国。中国不仅是联合国的创始会员国，更是联合国体系的重要设计者和奠基者。中国深度参与了包括开罗会议在内的一系列决定战后世界格局的重大会议，并第一个在《联合国宪章》上庄严签字，成为安理会常任理事国。中国作为战后国际秩序的缔造者、建设者，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，践行以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，反对任何企图歪曲、否认二战历史的历史修正主义，始终站在历史正确一边。

China’s persistent pursuit of a post-war peace order stems not only from a profound reflection on historical lessons but also from the internal needs of its own development. From the first complete formulation of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence by Chinese leaders, to the scientific assessment of the world situation and the major judgment that “peace and development are the two major themes of the contemporary world”; from promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind to proposing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, China has always been committed to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries, changing the old systems of imperialism, colonialism, and hegemonism, and promoting the development of the international order in a more just and reasonable direction. Faced with the choice between peace and war, dialogue and confrontation, win-win and zero-sum, the Chinese people firmly stand on the side of human civilization and progress, showing the world a new picture of modernization based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits.

中国对战后和平秩序的执着追求，既源于对历史教训的深刻反思，也根植于自身发展的内在需要。从中国领导人首次完整提出和平共处五项原则，到科学研判世界大势作出“和平与发展是当代世界的两大主题”的重大论断；从推动构建人类命运共同体到提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，中国始终致力于维护发展中国家的正当权益，改变旧有的帝国主义、殖民主义和霸权主义体系，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理方向发展。面对和平还是战争、对话还是对抗、共赢还是零和的抉择，中国人民坚定站在人类文明进步一边，向世界展示共商共建共享的现代化新图景。

China’s Proposals Leading the Practice of Reforming the Global Governance System

中国方案引领全球治理体系改革实践

To address the growing deficit in global governance, China counters hegemonic logic with sovereign equality and international rule of law, practices genuine multilateralism with open platforms, solves development problems with people-centered pragmatic actions, and provides new ideas and new solutions for the innovation of the global governance system with its unique governance wisdom. On September 1, 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping first proposed the Global Governance Initiative at the “Shanghai Cooperation Organization Plus” meeting, aiming to promote joint action by all countries to build a more just and reasonable global governance system.

为应对日益扩大的全球治理赤字，中国以主权平等和国际法治应对霸权逻辑，以开放平台践行真正的多边主义，用以人为本的务实行动破解发展难题，用独特的治理智慧为全球治理体系的革新提供了新思路和新方案。2025年9月1日，习近平总书记在“上海合作组织＋”会议上首次提出全球治理倡议，旨在推动各国携手行动，构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系。

General Secretary Xi Jinping places “upholding sovereign equality” and “ab

习近平总书记将“奉行主权平等”和“遵守国际法治”置于全球治理倡议的首要位置，深刻揭示了构建公正合理国际秩序的根本前提和保障。一方面，主权平等是《联合国宪章》的基石，习近平总书记强调：“坚持各国无论大小、强弱、贫富，都在全球治理中平等参与、平等决策、平等受益。”另一方面，中国对国际法和国际规则平等统一的坚守，有力提升了发展中国家的代表性和发言权，为广大发展中国家抵御外部干预、维护政治独立和发展自主权提供了有力的法理支撑，构成了推动国际关系民主化、法治化进程的强大动力。

In the face of unilateralist headwinds and hegemonic bullying such as “small yard, high fence” and “decoupling and severing supply chains,” China actively advocates and practices true multilateralism. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to addressing global challenges, transcending traditional geopolitical games and focusing on openness, inclusiveness, connectivity, and common development, fully demonstrating China’s sense of responsibility as a major country that “holds the great image and all under heaven come to it.” [1]1 A classical allusion from Chapter 35 of the *Dao De Jing* (Laozi), meaning that a ruler who embodies the great Way (Dao) attracts all people to him. As a major institutional innovation in the field of global governance, the Chinese solution has attracted the participation of numerous countries and international organizations, providing an important platform for the “Global South” to share in China’s development opportunities and achieve their own development. By building new cooperation platforms, China has transformed “practicing multilateralism” from a theoretical advocacy into a practical achievement with broad influence and exemplary effect, injecting new vitality and substance into global governance.

面对“小院高墙”“脱钩断链”等单边主义逆流和强权霸凌行径，中国积极倡导践行真正的多边主义。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记为应对全球性挑战贡献中国智慧、中国方案，超越了传统的地缘政治博弈，聚焦开放包容、互联互通和共同发展，充分展现了中国“执大象，天下往”的大国担当。中国方案作为全球治理领域的重大制度创新，吸引了众多国家和国际组织参与，为“全球南方”分享中国发展机遇、实现自身发展提供了重要平台。通过搭建新的合作平台，中国将“践行多边主义”从一种理论倡导，转化为具有广泛影响力和示范效应的实践成果，为全球治理注入了新的活力与内涵。

The ultimate goal of the global governance initiative is to enhance the well-being of all humanity, emphasizing the value orientation of “advocating people-centeredness” and the practical orientation of “focusing on action orientation.” The fundamental criterion for judging the effectiveness of global governance practice lies in whether it has solved the most immediate, most direct, and most realistic problems of concern to the people of the world. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has translated the initiative into concrete actions, possessing both advanced concepts and practical problem-solving solutions. In the areas of ensuring food security and developing public health undertakings, China has continuously dispatched rice technology experts and advanced medical teams to all parts of the world; in the field of poverty reduction, a large number of landmark projects and “small yet smart” livelihood projects have taken root; in the realm of peace and security, China, as the country that has dispatched the most peacekeeping personnel among the permanent members of the UN Security Council, has cumulatively sent over 50,000 peacekeeping personnel, with footprints spanning more than 20 countries and regions. These pragmatic measures are a true portrayal of China’s active participation in and leadership of global governance, demonstrating the firm determination of a responsible major country to “be true in word and resolute in deed.” [2]2 A classical Chinese idiom from the *Analects of Confucius* (Zilu), emphasizing the importance of matching words with deeds.

全球治理倡议的最终目标是增进全人类福祉，强调“倡导以人为本”的价值取向和“注重行动导向”的实践导向。评判全球治理实践成效的根本标准，在于是否解决了世界人民最关心、最直接、最现实的问题。党的十八大以来，中国将倡议落实为具体行动，既有先进的理念，又有切实的问题解决方案。在粮食安全保障和发展公共卫生事业方面，中国不断派遣水稻技术专家和先进医疗队前往世界各地；在减贫领域，一大批标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目落地生根；在和平与安全领域，中国作为安理会常任理事国中派遣维和人员最多的国家，累计派出维和人员5万余人次，足迹遍及20多个国家和地区。这些务实的举措，是中国积极参与并引领全球治理的真实写照，彰显了作为负责任大国“言必信，行必果”的坚定决心。

Firmly Safeguard World Peace, Jointly Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

坚定守护世界和平，共建人类命运共同体

Regarding the promotion of building a community with a shared future for mankind, the fifth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* devotes a separate special topic to detailed exposition, systematically elaborating on the rich connotations of a community with a shared future for mankind. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “At all times, we must adhere to the path of peaceful development, firmly safeguard world peace and tranquility, and jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind.” Eighty years ago, the United Nations came into being as the times required, opening a new page in global governance; today, we must all the more uphold the original aspiration of peaceful coexistence, strengthen confidence in win-win cooperation, and persist in advancing in the logic of historical progress and developing in the trend of the times.

关于推动构建人类命运共同体，《习近平谈治国理政》第五卷单独作为一个专题进行详细论述，系统阐释了人类命运共同体的丰富内涵。习近平总书记指出：“任何时候，我们都要坚持走和平发展道路，坚定守护世界和平安宁，携手构建人类命运共同体。”八十年前，联合国应运而生，全球治理掀开新的一页；今天，我们更要秉持和平共处的初心，坚定合作共赢的信心，坚持在历史前进的逻辑中前进、在时代发展的潮流中发展。

To build a community with a shared future for mankind, it is necessary to consolidate the ideological foundation for moving forward together and resolutely defend the fruits of victory in the anti-fascist war. Safeguarding historical truth is not only a respect for the deceased, but also a warning for the living. The core of forging historical consensus lies in respecting and upholding the legal conclusions established by a series of international trials after World War II, recognizing the historic contributions made by all anti-fascist allied nations and peoples to the victory, and on this basis, unequivocally opposing any form of distortion and falsification. Facing the turbulent and intertwined international situation, promoting a correct view of the history of World War II and defending the fruits of victory in the anti-fascist war are key to resisting erroneous ideological trends that distort history and consolidating the foundation of global peace, and are also the ideological prerequisite for promoting the transformation of the global governance system in a more just and reasonable direction.

构建人类命运共同体，必须筑牢共同前行的思想根基，坚决维护反法西斯战争的胜利成果。捍卫历史真相，不仅是对逝者的尊重，更是对生者的警示。凝聚历史共识，核心在于尊重和维护二战后一系列国际审判所确立的法律结论，承认所有反法西斯同盟国家和人民为胜利所作出的历史性贡献，并在此基础上旗帜鲜明地反对任何形式的歪曲和篡改。面对变乱交织的国际形势，弘扬正确的二战史观、捍卫反法西斯战争的胜利成果，是抵御歪曲历史的错误思潮、巩固全球和平基础的关键所在，也是推动全球治理体系向更加公正合理方向发展的思想前提。

To build a community with a shared future for mankind, it is necessary to take the improvement of the governance system as an institutional guarantee and actively promote reform of the international system centered on the United Nations. Although the purposes and principles of the UN Charter remain relevant over time, the problems of the “democratic deficit” and “insufficient representation” of the UN Security Council are becoming increasingly prominent. The vast number of developing countries and countries of the “Global South” have risen as a group, yet they lack due voice in the global decision-making system. This imbalance between power and responsibility has seriously affected the effectiveness of global governance. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “We should increase the representation and voice of developing countries in global governance and support developing countries in achieving better development.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, In this process, China, as both a permanent member of the Security Council and the world’s largest developing country, has the capability and responsibility, as an insider and a leader, to promote the evolution of the global governance system in a more inclusive and equitable direction, and to play a constructive role in this transformation of global governance that concerns the future of the world and the destiny of mankind.

构建人类命运共同体，必须以完善治理体系为制度保障，积极推动以联合国为核心的国际体系改革。尽管《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则历久弥新，但联合国安理会“民主赤字”和“代表性不足”的问题日益突出。广大发展中国家和“全球南方”国家群体性崛起，却在全球决策体系中缺乏应有的话语权，这种权责的失衡严重影响了全球治理效能。习近平总书记指出：“要提高发展中国家在全球治理中的代表性和发言权，支持发展中国家实现更好发展”。在这一进程中，中国既是安理会常任理事国，又是世界最大的发展中国家，有能力、有责任以局内人、引领者的身份，推动全球治理体系向着更加包容和公平的方向演进，在这场关乎世界前途和人类命运的全球治理变革中发挥建设性作用。

To build a community with a shared future for mankind, it is necessary to transcend the barriers of systems and interests and pursue the common values of human civilization. China has proposed and implemented the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the four major global initiatives. [4] These not only inherit the fine traditional Chinese culture but also reflect the aspirations of countries with different civilizations, systems, and levels of development to jointly build a better world, creating conditions for unity, cooperation, and common development and prosperity among all countries. This Eastern philosophy of “beauty in diversity and harmony under heaven” provides profound cultural nourishment for building an orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization. Standing at a new historical starting point, China will work together with all countries in the world, on the basis of defending the fruits of victory in World War II, to jointly promote the just and reasonable transformation of the global governance system, make greater contributions to promoting world peace and development, and join hands to advance toward a community with a shared future for mankind.

构建人类命运共同体，必须超越制度与利益的藩篱，追寻人类文明的共同价值。中国提出并践行构建人类命运共同体理念、共建“一带一路”倡议和四大全球倡议，不仅继承了中华优秀传统文化，而且体现了不同文明、制度和发展水平的国家共建美好世界的心声，为世界各国团结合作、共同发展繁荣创造了条件。这种“美美与共、天下大同”的东方哲学，为构建有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化，提供了深厚的文化滋养。站在新的历史起点，中国将同世界各国一道，在捍卫二战胜利成果的基础上，共同推动全球治理体系的公正合理转型，为促进世界和平与发展作出更大贡献，携手迈向人类命运共同体。

(The authors are respectively a professor at the School of Marxism Studies and the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, and a researcher at the Contemporary Political Parties Research Platform, Renmin University of China; and a doctoral student at the School of Marxism Studies, Renmin University of China.)

（作者分别为中国人民大学马克思主义学院、纪检监察学院教授，当代政党研究平台研究员；中国人民大学马克思主义学院博士研究生）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧