On the Scientific Connotation, Value Implications, and Pathways for Promoting a Correct View of World War II History

Eighty years ago, the world’s anti-fascist forces united in shared hatred and fought bloody battles, ultimately winning victory in World War II, establishing an international order centered on the United Nations, and making peace and development the theme of our times. Eighty years later, some countries, seeking to divert attention from their own sluggish economic recovery, imbalanced social governance, and disordered political systems, have turned the historical narrative of World War II into a political tool for realizing their hegemonism, constantly distorting, covering up, and tampering with the history of World War II that laid the foundation for a new international order. Facing humanity’s choice between “peace or war, dialogue or confrontation, win-win or zero-sum,” [1]1 Friedrich Engels, *Anti-Dühring* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1947), 42. General Secretary Xi Jinping, grounded in reality and taking history as a mirror, has on multiple occasions raised and elaborated on the major proposition of a correct view of World War II history. On May 16, 2024, China and Russia decided in a joint statement to “jointly promote a correct view of World War II history.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015). On May 7, 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping, in a signed article published in *Rossiyskaya Gazeta*, again stressed that “we must uphold a correct view of World War II history.” [3]3 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The German Ideology* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1976), 58. In September 2025, during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit and the commemorative events for the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, Xi Jinping repeatedly called on the international community to “prom

80年前，世界反法西斯力量同仇敌忾、浴血奋战，最终赢得第二次世界大战的胜利，构建起以联合国为核心的国际秩序，使和平与发展成为当今时代的主题。80年后，部分国家为转移本国经济复苏乏力、社会治理失衡、政治体制失序的矛盾，将二战历史叙事作为其实现霸权主义的政治工具，不断歪曲、掩盖与篡改奠定国际新秩序的二战历史。面对人类要“和平还是战争、对话还是对抗、共赢还是零和的抉择”,习近平总书记立足现实、以史为鉴，在多个场合提出并阐释了正确二战史观的重大命题。2024年5月16日，中俄在联合声明中决定“共同弘扬正确的二战史观”。2025年5月7日，习近平总书记在《俄罗斯报》发表的署名文章中再次强调“要坚持正确二战史观”。2025年9月，习近平总书记在上海合作组织峰会及纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年大会期间，又多次呼吁国际社会“弘扬正确二战史观”,强调铭记二战历史事实、捍卫战后国际秩序，倡导并引领构建新型国际关系与人类命运共同体。

I. Scientific Connotation: A Holistic Understanding Based on Historical Materialism and the Grand View of History

一、科学内涵：基于历史唯物主义与大历史观的整体性认知

The correct view of World War II history adheres to the principles of historical materialism, such as objectivity, subjectivity, and systematicity. By presenting the true history of WWII, constructing a holistic narrative of WWII, and emphasizing the principal role of the people, it powerfully refutes erroneous views of WWII history, including the Western-centric one-sided narrative, the subversive narrative of historical nihilism, and the distorted narrative of historical revisionism concerning the World Anti-Fascist War. It thus becomes a powerful theoretical weapon for safeguarding the post-war international order and legal foundations, preventing the resurgence of fascism and militarism, and strengthening the cause of human peace and justice.

正确二战史观遵循客观性、主体性、系统性等历史唯物主义原则，通过呈现二战真实历史、构建二战整体叙事、强调人民主体地位，有力批驳了关于世界反法西斯战争的西方中心主义片面叙事、历史虚无主义颠覆叙事、历史修正主义歪曲叙事等错误二战史观，成为维护战后国际秩序与法理根基、防止法西斯主义与军国主义死灰复燃、壮大人类和平事业与正义力量的强大理论武器。

The correct view of World War II history is a theoretical self-awareness of historical materialism.

正确二战史观是对历史唯物主义的理论自觉

Starting from the theoretical logic of historical materialism and the grand view of history, the correct view of WWII history takes the principle of historical objectivity as its epistemological foundation. By restoring the original face of the Anti-Fascist War, it confirms the irrefutability of the historical facts of WWII. Taking the principle of historical subjectivity as its axiological foundation, it fully affirms the great sacrifices, great contributions, and great victories of the world's people in the Anti-Fascist War. Taking the principle of historical systematicity as its methodological framework, it grasps the organic connections among the war efforts of various countries and examines the pivotal significance of the WWII victory within the holistic narrative of 5,000 years of civilization history and the World Anti-Fascist War, thereby forming a cognitive paradigm and practical method possessing both historical depth and contemporary tension.

正确二战史观从历史唯物主义与大历史观的理论逻辑出发，以历史客观性原则为认识论基础，通过还原反法西斯战争的本来面貌，确证二战历史事实的不可辩驳性；以历史主体性原则为价值论根基，充分肯定世界人民在反法西斯战争中的伟大牺牲、伟大贡献、伟大胜利；以历史系统性原则为方法论框架，在5000年文明史及世界反法西斯战争的整体叙事中，把握各国抗战的有机联系，考察二战胜利的枢纽意义，形成了兼具历史厚度与时代张力的认知范式和实践方法。

The correct view of World War II history takes the principle of historical objectivity as its epistemological foundation, embodying the scientific principle that social being determines social consciousness. Marxism holds that "in every scientific field of nature and history, one must proceed from the given facts." [1]1 Friedrich Engels, *Anti-Dühring* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1947), 42. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, "History is history, and history cannot be arbitrarily chosen." [2]2 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015). The correct view of WWII history adheres to the principle of historical objectivity, such as "not explaining practice from ideas, but explaining various ideological forms from material practice." [3]3 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The German Ideology* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1976), 58. It is a positive response to the current turbulent, conflict-ridden, and unpredictable international situation, aiming to guide the international community to correctly understand WWII history, scientifically grasp the essence of WWII, deeply learn historical lessons, and resolutely criticize any actions that, for political purposes or the selfish interests of a single country, distort historical facts, conceal historical truths, and trample on historical dignity. This ensures that "all schemes to distort the historical truth of WWII, deny the victorious achievements of WWII, and smear the historical contributions of China and the Soviet Union will not succeed." [4]4 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015).

正确二战史观以历史客观性原则为认识论基础，体现了社会存在决定社会意识的科学原则。马克思主义认为，“在自然界和历史的每一科学领域中，都必须从既有的事实出发”。习近平总书记指出，“历史就是历史，历史不能任意选择”。正确二战史观坚持“不是从观念出发来解释实践，而是从物质实践出发来解释各种观念形态”等历史客观性原则，是对当今变乱交织、纷争不断、波诡云谲的国际局势的积极回应，旨在引导国际社会正确认识二战历史、科学把握二战本质、深刻汲取历史教训，坚决批判任何出于政治目的和一国私利，歪曲历史事实、掩盖历史真相、践踏历史尊严的行径，使“一切歪曲二战历史真相、否定二战胜利成果、抹黑中苏历史功绩的图谋都不会得逞”。

The correct view of World War II history takes the principle of historical subjectivity as its axiological foundation, highlighting the class stance that the masses of the people are the creators of history. Marx and Engels pointed out: "Historical activity is the activity of the masses, and as historical activity deepens, the scale of the masses will inevitably expand." [5]5 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The Holy Family* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1956), 110. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: "History repeatedly proves that the masses of the people are the main force in historical development and social progress." [6]6 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015). The correct view of WWII history adheres to the principle of historical subjectivity that "the people are the creators of history, the people are the true heroes," [7]7 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the First Session of the 12th National People's Congress" (March 17, 2013). elucidating the people's principal historical role in the World Anti-Fascist War. Among them, the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was achieved by the Communist Party of China leading the people of the whole country, advancing wave upon wave and making concerted efforts, at the cost of over 35 million casualties. The victory of the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War was won by the Soviet people, united as one and with one heart, at the cost of over 27 million lives. The victory of the World Anti-Fascist War was won by the people of more than 50 countries, facing death unflinchingly and sparing no expense, making immense sacrifices.

正确二战史观以历史主体性原则为价值论根基，凸显了人民群众是历史创造者的阶级立场。马克思恩格斯指出：“历史活动是群众的活动，随着历史活动的深入，必将是群众队伍的扩大。”习近平总书记强调：“历史反复证明，人民群众是历史发展和社会进步的主体力量。”正确二战史观坚持“人民是历史的创造者，人民是真正的英雄”的历史主体性原则，阐明了人民在世界反法西斯战争中的历史主体地位。其中，中国人民抗日战争的胜利是中国共产党带领全国人民前赴后继、勠力同心，付出3500多万人牺牲的代价取得的；苏联卫国战争的胜利是苏联人民生死与共、万众一心，付出2700多万人的牺牲换来的；世界反法西斯战争胜利是50多个国家的人民视死如归、不计代价，付出巨大牺牲赢得的。

The correct view of World War II history takes the principle of historical systematicity as its methodological framework, manifesting the theoretical essence of examining history from a holistic perspective. Marxism holds that history "always emerges from the conflict of many individual wills," [8]8 Friedrich Engels, "Letter to Joseph Bloch" (September 21-22, 1890), in *Marx-Engels Selected Correspondence* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1975), 394. and people always create history under conditions they directly encounter, given, and inherited from the past. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that "the world develops in multiple directions" [9]9 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Conference Marking the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015). and "the connections of history cannot be severed." [10]10 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation" (May 14, 2017). The correct view of WWII history resolutely refutes historical nihilism's use of partial, one-sided, and isolated historical facts to cover up, distort, and tamper with historical truth. It firmly defends the historical fact that "China and the Soviet Union, as the main battlefields in Asia and Europe respectively during World War II, were the mainstays in resisting Japanese militarism and German Nazism." [11]11 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015). It steadfastly upholds the international system centered on the United Nations, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations founded on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, all shaped by the victory of WWII.

正确二战史观以历史系统性原则为方法论框架，彰显了用全局性视野审视历史的理论底色。马克思主义认为，历史“总是从许多单个的意志的相互冲突中产生出来 的”,人 们也总是在直接碰到的、既定的、从过去承继下来的条件下创造历史。习近平总书记则强调，“世界是多向度发展 的”,“历史的联系是不可能割断的”。正确二战史观坚决驳斥历史虚无主义用局部、片面、个别史实掩盖、歪曲、篡改历史真相，坚决捍卫“中国、苏联分别作为第二次世界大战的亚洲和欧洲主战场，是抗击日本军国主义和德国纳粹主义的中流砥柱”的历史事实；坚定维护二战胜利塑造的以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则。

The correct view of World War II history is a theoretical critique of erroneous views of WWII history.

正确二战史观是对错误二战史观的理论批判

Under the long-term political manipulation of some countries, erroneous views of WWII history, such as the "Western-centric theory," the "theory of ignoring China," the "six-year theory of WWII," and the "theory of Japan as a victim," periodically resurface. These are mainly manifested as Western-centrism, historical nihilism, and historical revisionism. Targeting the hegemonic logic of these erroneous views, which aim to create cognitive confusion, undermine the international order, and generate friction and conflict, the correct view of WWII history critiques the one-sided narrative of Western-centrism with the collective contributions of the World Anti-Fascist nations, critiques the subversive narrative of historical nihilism with the just nature of the World Anti-Fascist War, and critiques the distorted narrative of historical revisionism with the true picture of World Anti-Fascist history.

在部分国家的长期政治操弄下，“西方中心说”“忽视中国说”“二战六年论”“日本受害论”等错误二战史观不时沉渣泛起，主要表现为西方中心主义、历史虚无主义和历史修正主义。正确二战史观针对错误二战史观旨在造成认知混乱、破坏国际秩序、制造摩擦纷争的霸权逻辑，以世界反法西斯国家的集体贡献批判西方中心主义的片面叙事，以世界反法西斯战争的正义性质批判历史虚无主义的颠覆叙事，以世界反法西斯历史的真实图景批判历史修正主义的歪曲叙事。

The correct view of World War II history is a theoretical critique of the one-sided Western-centric view of WWII history. Erroneous views of WWII history, such as the "theory of ignoring China" and the "Western-centric theory," cling to Western-centrism, focusing the WWII narrative on the European and Pacific theaters while belittling or even ignoring the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War. In response to the situation in foreign academic circles where the historical status and contributions of China's War of Resistance are ignored, belittled, or even denied, the correct view of WWII history insists on a collective narrative of WWII. It uses historical cases of the world's people fighting side by side, such as the Hump Route, the American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers), and the Soviet Volunteer Air Force, as well as historical facts such as over 77.5% of the military forces of Germany and its allies being consumed on the Soviet-German battlefield and the over 1.5 million Japanese troops annihilated by the Chinese people accounting for about 70% of Japan's total casualties, to powerfully critique the narrative logic of Western-centrism that one-sidedly magnifies Western contributions and creates a narrative of Western dominance over the world.

正确二战史观是对西方中心主义片面二战史观的理论批判。“忽视中国说”“西方中心说”等错误二战史观固守西方中心主义，将欧洲战场和太平洋战场作为二战叙事的重点，轻视乃至忽视中国人民抗日战争和苏联伟大卫国战争。面对外国学界无视、贬低甚至否认中国抗战历史地位与贡献的状况，正确二战史观坚持二战集体叙事，以驼峰航线、美国志愿航空队、苏联援华航空队等世界人民并肩作战的历史案例，以及德国及其盟国77.5%以上的军事力量消耗在苏德战场、中国人民歼灭的150余万日军约占其死伤总人数70%等历史事实，有力地批判了西方中心主义片面放大西方贡献、营造西方主导世界的叙事逻辑。

A correct view of WWII history is a theoretical critique of the historical nihilism that subverts the narrative of WWII. The erroneous view of WWII history, which follows the narrative logic of historical nihilism, ignores historical facts and even forges WWII historical materials, replaces objective analysis with subjective conjecture, uses isolated details to negate the overall history of WWII, and advocates fallacies such as “WWII was a struggle for great-power interests” and “the Chinese Communist Party only made a show of fighting without engaging the enemy.” This constitutes a comprehensive denial of the objectivity and integrity of the historical process of WWII, as well as the justice and popular character of the victory in WWII. A correct view of WWII history adheres to the objective laws of historical development and the established historical conclusions reached after the war as its theoretical basis, forcefully countering the narrative logic of historical nihilism, which attempts to shake the just foundation of the international order, deny the legitimacy of post-war history, and perpetuate the global hegemony of Western countries. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the symposium commemorating the 69th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War: “In the face of facts and justice, all reckless slanders and deliberate misrepresentations are futile.”

正确二战史观是对历史虚无主义颠覆二战叙事的理论批判。从历史虚无主义叙事逻辑出发的错误二战史观，无视史实甚至伪造二战史料，以主观臆断代替客观分析，用个别细节否定二战整体历史，鼓吹“二战是大国利益之争”“中国共产党游而不击”等谬论，是对二战历史进程客观性、整体性及二战胜利正义性、人民性的全面否定。正确二战史观坚持以历史发展的客观规律和战后既定的历史结论为理论依据，有力回击了历史虚无主义试图动摇国际秩序正义根基、否定战后历史合法性、延续西方国家全球霸权的叙事逻辑。正如习近平总书记在纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利69周年座谈会上的讲话指出的：“在事实和公理面前，一切信口雌黄、指鹿为马的言行都是徒劳的。”

A correct view of WWII history is a theoretical critique of the historical revisionism that distorts the narrative of WWII. Under the guise of “academic research” and “reinterpretation,” historical revisionism, through taking WWII processes and historical events out of context and distorting their interpretation, fabricates “new viewpoints” and “new conclusions” that downplay, deny, or even glorify acts of aggression. A typical example of this erroneous view of WWII history is the “theory of Japan as a victim,” which emphasizes that Japan is the only victim of nuclear weapons, so that “in Japan, the atomic bombings have always been referred to as ‘being bombed,’ but the tragic interpretation of ‘being’ far exceeds the reflection on why they were ‘bombed’.” The “theory of the Nanjing Massacre as a fabrication” goes to the extreme in distorting historical facts, confusing right and wrong, and denying criminal acts. A correct view of WWII history, by restoring the facts of fascist aggression and upholding the just stance of the World Anti-Fascist War, provides empirical evidence that “the aggressive crimes committed by Japanese militarism cannot be covered up, and historical truth cannot be distorted,” forcefully countering the narrative logic of historical revisionism that deconstructs WWII history and dissolves the responsibility for aggression.

正确二战史观是对历史修正主义歪曲二战叙事的理论批判。历史修正主义打着“学术研究”和“重新诠释”的幌子，通过对二战过程及其历史事件的断章取义、歪曲解读，炮制淡化、否定甚至美化侵略行为的“新观点”“新结论”。作为这种错误二战史观的典型代表，“日本受害论”强调日本是唯一核武器受害者，使得“在日本，原子弹爆炸一直称为‘被爆’,但对‘被’的悲情诠释远超过了对因何而‘被’的 思考”;“南京 大屠杀虚构论”更是极尽歪曲史实、颠倒黑白、否定罪行之能事。正确二战史观通过还原法西斯主义的侵略事实、坚守世界反法西斯战争的正义立场，实证了“日本军国主义犯下的侵略罪行不容掩盖，历史真相不容歪 曲”,有力地回击了历史修正主义解构二战历史、消解侵略罪责的叙事逻辑。

A correct view of WWII history is the theoretical cornerstone for defending international fairness and justice.

正确二战史观是捍卫国际公平正义的理论基石

“Eighty years later, the trend of the times toward peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit has not changed, but the dark clouds of Cold War mentality, hegemonism, and protectionism have not dissipated. New threats and challenges are increasing, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, and global governance has come to a new crossroads.” [1]1 Friedrich Engels, *Anti-Dühring* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1947), 42. The erroneous view of WWII history ignores the inevitable historical logic that “justice will prevail, peace will prevail, and the people will prevail,” and attempts, by denying the contributions of China and the Soviet Union in WWII, undermining the post-war international order, and fostering accomplices of hegemonism, to serve the continued pursuit of hegemonism and power politics by certain countries. A correct view of WWII history, by revealing the historical facts of fascist aggression, consolidating the historical contributions of China and the Soviet Union in WWII, and clarifying the legal basis of the outcomes of WWII, becomes the theoretical support for strengthening the forces of world peace, upholding the post-war international order, and defending international fairness and justice.

“80年后，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流没有变，但冷战思维、霸权主义、保护主义阴霾不散，新威胁新挑战有增无减，世界进入新的动荡变革期，全球治理走到新的十字路口。”错误二战史观无视“正义必胜、和平必胜、人民必胜”的历史必然逻辑，妄图通过否定中苏二战贡献、冲击战后国际秩序、扶植霸权主义帮凶，为个别国家继续推行霸权主义与强权政治服务。正确二战史观通过昭示法西斯国家侵略史实、夯实中苏二战历史贡献、阐明二战成果法理依据，成为壮大世界和平力量、维护战后国际秩序、捍卫国际公平正义的理论支撑。

A correct view of WWII history is an important theoretical support for safeguarding the international status of China and Russia and strengthening the forces of world peace. After the end of WWII, China and Russia have always “actively participated in global governance, playing a pivotal role in promoting the building of a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind,” [2]2 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015). which has been widely welcomed and highly praised by the international community. However, the erroneous view of WWII history, aiming to compress the development space and weaken the international status of China and Russia, spreads fallacies such as “the Chinese

正确二战史观是维护中俄国际地位、壮大世界和平力量的重要理论支撑。二战结束后，中俄始终“积极参与全球治理，为推动建设新型国际关系、构建人类命运共同体发挥了中流砥柱作用”,得到了国际社会的普遍欢迎和高度赞扬。然而，错误二战史观基于压缩中俄发展空间、削弱中俄国际地位的目的，散布“中国共产党游而不击”等谬论，妄图动摇党的历史根基，销蚀党执政的合法性；炮制“中苏贡献虚无论”,妄图否定中俄两国发展道路的合法性，削弱两国在当今国际格局中的建设性地位。正确二战史观通过论证中国共产党是抗日战争的中流砥柱，中苏两国在反法西斯战争中发挥的扭转战局的关键性作用，强调中俄国际影响力与发展合理性，是反法西斯战争正义性的历史延续的必然结果。

The correct view of the history of World War II is the key theoretical foundation for defending the authority of the United Nations and consolidating the foundation of the international order. “The painful lessons of the two world wars made the people of all countries learn from bitter experience and establish a global governance framework with the United Nations as the main body, including mechanisms such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization. Although this framework is not perfect, it is an important step taken by human society and has played a significant role in world peace and development over the past few decades.” [12]12 Xi Jinping, “Working Together to Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind,” speech at the United Nations Office at Geneva, January 18, 2017. The incorrect view of the history of World War II, driven by ideological bias and geopolitical self-interest, constantly challenges the authority of the United Nations, undermines the stability of the international system, tramples on the dignity of international law, and artificially creates regional conflicts and international disputes. The correct view of the history of World War II insists that the United Nations, as one of the most important outcomes of the victory in World War II, is the cornerstone of the modern international relations system, an international organization with a central coordinating role in maintaining peace and security, promoting social and economic development, and advancing the cause of human rights. The legitimacy of the United Nations is beyond doubt, and the international status of the United Nations is irreplaceable.

正确二战史观是捍卫联合国权威、筑牢国际秩序根基的关键理论依托。“两次世界大战的惨痛教训让各国人民痛定思痛，建立了以联合国为主体，包括国际货币基金组织、世界银行、世界贸易组织等机制的全球治理框架。虽然这个框架并不完美，却是人类社会迈出的重要一步，为过去几十年世界和平与发展发挥了重要作用。”错误二战史观出于意识形态偏见与地缘政治私利，不断挑战联合国权威、破坏国际体系稳定、践踏国际法尊严，人为制造地区纷争与国际争端。正确二战史观坚持联合国作为二战胜利最重要成果之一，是现代国际关系体系的基石，是维护和平与安全、促进社会经济发展、推动人权事业进步的具有中心协调作用的国际组织，联合国的合法性不容置疑，联合国的国际地位不可替代。

The correct view of the history of World War II is a powerful theoretical weapon for revealing the nature of World War II and defending international fairness and justice. The incorrect view of the history of World War II, based on the needs of some Western countries to squeeze the development space of China and Russia, block the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and consolidate hegemonism and power politics, ignores the aggressive nature and anti-human essence of fascism and militarism, providing public opinion support for the rise of “neo-Nazism” in Europe and “right-wing forces in Japan.” The correct view of the history of World War II firmly defends international fairness and justice, resolutely opposes the dilution of the nature of aggression, the beautification of colonial plunder, and the indulgence of militarism. As stated at the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, “We resolutely condemn any attempts to distort the significance of the victory in World War II and the role of the peoples of the SCO member states in defeating fascism and militarism, to rehabilitate Nazi ideology and the idea of racial superiority, to justify genocide and other crimes against civilians, and to promote extremist and radical ideas. We emphasize that crimes against humanity will never be forgotten.” [13]13 Shanghai Cooperation Organization, “New Delhi Declaration of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,” July 4, 2023.

正确二战史观是昭示二战性质、捍卫国际公平正义的有力理论武器。错误二战史观基于部分西方国家挤压中俄发展空间、阻挡中华民族伟大复兴、巩固霸权主义和强权政治的需要，无视法西斯主义和军国主义的侵略性质与反人类本质，为欧洲“新纳粹主义”和“日本右翼势力”抬头提供舆论支持。正确二战史观坚定捍卫国际公平正义，坚决反对淡化侵略本质、美化殖民掠夺、放纵军国主义。正如上海合作组织成员国元首理事会“对任何歪曲第二次世界大战胜利意义及上合组织成员国人民在击败法西斯主义和军国主义中所起作用、为纳粹主义和种族优越论思想翻案、为种族灭绝及其他针对平民的罪行开脱、宣扬极端激进思想等企图，我们予以坚决谴责。我们强调，反人类罪行将永远不会被忘记。”

II. Value Implications: Building a Universal Consensus on Fairness, Justice, Peace, and Mutual Benefit

二、价值意蕴：凝聚公平、正义、和平、共赢的普遍性共识

The correct view of the history of World War II connects history and reality, bridges the past and the future, builds a collective memory of the justice of the World Anti-Fascist War based on historical truth, guides the people of all countries to fully absorb the lessons of World War II, and follows the historical law that “only when all countries follow the great path of the world, live together in harmony, cooperate for mutual benefit, can prosperity be lasting and security be guaranteed.” [14]14 Xi Jinping, “Working Together to Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind,” speech at the United Nations Office at Geneva, January 18, 2017. It consolidates a historical consensus of opposing war and cherishing peace, recognizing that those who are warlike will perish and justice will prevail, and seeking common ground while reserving differences for win-win cooperation, in order to implement the four major global initiatives, build a new type of international relations, and a community with a shared future for mankind.

正确二战史观贯通历史与现实、融通过去与未来，以历史真实筑起世界反法西斯战争正义性的集体记忆，引导各国人民充分汲取二战教训，遵循“只有各国行天下之大道，和睦相处、合作共赢，繁荣才能持久，安全才有保障”的历史规律，为落实全球四大倡议、构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体，凝聚起反对战争、珍爱和平，好战必亡、正义必胜，求同存异、合作共赢的历史共识。

The correct view of the history of World War II helps to correct the historical understanding of World War II and defend the dignity of its history.

正确二战史观有助于匡正二战历史认知、捍卫二战历史尊严

In the face of the shameless acts of some countries to maintain their hegemonic, bullying, and domineering status by distorting the history of World War II, beautifying the nature of aggression, covering up the crimes of massacre, diluting the fruits of victory, and negating the post-war order, General Secretary Xi Jinping firmly defends historical dignity, emphasizing that “no one can change history and facts.” [15]15 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War,” September 3, 2015. He proposes to uphold and promote the correct view of the history of World War II, systematically analyze the root causes of the outbreak of World War II, comprehensively explain the historical process of World War II, and profoundly reveal the historical role of World War II, thereby correcting the historical understanding of people around the world regarding “judgments on the nature of the war, understanding of the war process, evaluations of the contributions of various countries in the anti-fascist camp, and analysis of the profound impact of the war.” [16]16 This is a paraphrase of a common formulation in Chinese academic discourse on the correct view of WWII history, emphasizing the need to correct multiple dimensions of historical understanding.

面对部分国家为继续维持霸权霸道霸凌地位，竭力歪曲二战历史、美化侵略性质、掩盖屠杀罪行、淡化胜利成果、否定战后秩序的无耻行径，习近平总书记坚决捍卫历史尊严，强调“任何人都不可能改变历史和事实”,提出坚持和弘扬正确二战史观，系统剖析二战爆发根源、全面阐释二战历史进程、深刻揭示二战历史作用，从而匡正全世界人民“对战争性质的判断、对战争进程的认识、对反法西斯阵营各国贡献的评价、对战争深刻影响的分析”等历史认知。

A correct view of World War II history, through a systematic analysis of the root causes of the war’s outbreak, strengthens the historical understanding of the justice of the anti-fascist war among people worldwide. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Prejudice and discrimination, hatred and war only bring disaster and pain. Mutual respect, equal coexistence, peaceful development, and common prosperity are the right path for humanity.” [1]1 Friedrich Engels, *Anti-Dühring* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1947), 42. The outbreak of World War II, in its root causes, resulted from the uneven political and economic development of imperialist states, along with periodic economic crises and predatory crisis-transfers; it was the inevitable outcome of the expansionist nature of fascist regimes and their institutionalized violence. A correct view of World War II history, taking historical materialism as its methodological foundation, systematically dissects the composite causes that led to the war’s outbreak—sustained economic crises, political extremism, and colonial hegemonic expansion—transforming the anti-human essence of fascism and the justice of the anti-fascist war into a collective historical memory of defending peace and justice, thereby consolidating the ideological foundation for opposing hegemonism and safeguarding world peace.

正确二战史观通过对二战爆发根源的系统剖析，强化了全世界人民对反法西斯战争正义性的历史认知。习近平总书记指出：“偏见和歧视、仇恨和战争，只会带来灾难和痛苦。相互尊重、平等相处、和平发展、共同繁荣，才是人间正 道。”第 二次世界大战的爆发，从根源上来说是由帝国主义国家政治、经济发展不平衡，以及周期性经济危机与掠夺性转移危机造成的，是法西斯政权扩张性本质与制度性暴力的必然结果。正确二战史观以历史唯物主义为方法论基础，通过系统剖析导致二战爆发的持续经济危机、政治极端主义与殖民霸权扩张等复合动因，将法西斯主义的反人类本质、反法西斯战争的正义性，转化为捍卫和平与正义的集体历史记忆，从而筑牢反对霸权主义、维护世界和平的思想根基。

A correct view of World War II history, through a comprehensive explanation of the war’s historical process, perfects the holistic historical understanding of the anti-fascist war among people worldwide. Lenin profoundly stated: “If facts are fragmentary and arbitrarily selected, they can only be a game, or worse than a game.” [2]2 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015). Faced with the one-sided WWII narratives constructed after the war based on the political interests of certain states, a correct view of World War II history takes global history as its methodological tool, temporally taking the September 18 Incident [3]3 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The German Ideology* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1976), 58. and Japan’s unconditional surrender as the war’s start and end points, spatially coordinating the strategic interconnections of the European, Asian, African, and Pacific theaters, and systematically constructing a holistic cognitive framework from China’s protracted resistance as the main Eastern battlefield, through the key turning point of the Soviet Union’s Great Patriotic War, to the coordinated operations of Britain, the United States, and other nations. This guides people worldwide to deeply recognize that World War II was a community of shared destiny formed under the common goal of resisting aggression, and that victory in WWII was the inevitable result of all humanity jointly defending peace, justice, and civilization, thereby correcting the one-sided interpretations of WWII history by erroneous views and building an ideological bulwark against the resurgence of fascism and for maintaining global peace and stability.

正确二战史观通过对二战历史过程的全面阐释，完善了全世界人民对反法西斯战争整体性的历史认知。列宁深刻指出：“如果事实是零碎的和随意挑出来的，那么它们就只能是一种儿戏，或者连儿戏也不如。”面对战后基于部分国家政治利益建构的片面二战叙事，正确二战史观以全球史观为方法论工具，时间上以九一八事变与日本无条件投降为二战起止点，空间上统筹欧洲、亚洲、非洲、太平洋等各战场的战略联动性，系统构建起从中国作为东方主战场持久抗争、到苏联卫国战争关键转折、再到英美等国协同作战的整体性认知框架，引导全世界人民深刻认识二战是在共同反侵略目标下形成的命运共同体，二战胜利是全人类共同捍卫和平、正义与文明的必然结果，从而纠正错误二战史观对二战历史的片面解读，筑起防范法西斯主义死灰复燃、维护全球和平稳定的思想基石。

A correct view of World War II history, through a profound analysis of the post-war international order, deepens the historical understanding of the value of the anti-fascist war among people worldwide. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Our forebears, with foresight and vision, established the United Nations, the most universal, representative, and authoritative international organization, entrusting it with humanity’s new vision and ushering in a new era of cooperation.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015). Over the past 80 years, the United Nations has played a tremendous role in promoting world peace and development, guiding unity and cooperation among nations, and shaping international fairness and justice. A correct view of World War II history, taking historical facts as its methodological basis, through a deep deconstruction of the post-war international order, pushes the understanding of the value of the anti-fascist war from the superficial dimension of military victory to the deep logic of the survival of human civilization. It reveals that the post-war international order, as a civilizational consensus won by the World Anti-Fascist Alliance at the cost of tens of millions of lives, ended the hegemonic logic of colonial expansion in modern times, delineated the ethical boundaries of modern international relations, and institutionalized the value baseline of peace and development. It is a historical legacy and spiritual coordinate worthy of being jointly safeguarded by all humanity.

正确二战史观通过对战后国际秩序的深刻剖析，深化了全世界人民对反法西斯战争价值性的历史认知。习近平总书记指出：“我们的先辈以远见卓识，建立了联合国这一最具普遍性、代表性、权威性的国际组织，寄托人类新愿景，开启合作新时代。”80年来，联合国在促进世界和平发展、引导各国团结合作、塑造国际公平正义等方面发挥了巨大作用。正确二战史观以历史事实为方法论依据，通过对战后国际秩序的深度解构，将反法西斯战争的价值性认知从军事胜利的表层维度推向人类文明存续的深层逻辑，揭示了战后国际秩序作为世界反法西斯同盟用数千万生命换来的文明共识，终结了近代以来殖民扩张的霸权逻辑，划定了现代国际关系的伦理边界，并以制度形式固化了和平与发展的价值底线，是值得全人类共同守护的历史遗产与精神坐标。

A correct view of World War II history helps to draw lessons from the war and consolidate a correct historical consensus.

正确二战史观有助于汲取二战经验教训、凝聚正确历史共识

“Many things the world encounters today can find their shadows in history, and many things that happened in history can serve as a mirror for today.” [5]5 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The Holy Family* (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1956), 110. Adhering to and promoting a correct view of World War II history aims, through a joint critique of the aggressive crimes of fascism, to guide countries worldwide to deeply learn the historical lessons of WWII and reach a universal consensus on opposing war and cherishing peace, on the inevitability that the bellicose perish and justice prevails, and on seeking common ground while shelving differences and achieving win-win cooperation. As General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Remembering history is not to perpetuate hatred, but to draw lessons from it. Passing on history is not to dwell on the past, but to create the future, so that the torch of peace is passed down from generation to generation.” [6]6 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War" (September 3, 2015).

“今天世界遇到的很多事情可以在历史上找到影子，历史上发生的很多事情也可以作为今天的镜鉴。”坚持和弘扬正确二战史观，旨在通过对法西斯主义侵略罪行的共同批判，引导世界各国深刻汲取二战历史教训，达成反对战争、珍爱和平，好战必亡、正义必胜，求同存异、合作共赢的普遍共识。正如习近平总书记指出的：“铭记历史，不是为了延续仇恨，而是要共同引以为戒。传承历史，不是为了纠结过去，而是要开创未来，让和平的薪火代代相传。”

A correct view of World War II history, by restoring the aggressive crimes of fascism, guides countries worldwide to consolidate the historical consensus of “opposing war and cherishing peace.” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The flames of that war spread across Asia, Europe, Africa

正确二战史观通过还原法西斯主义的侵略罪行，引导世界各国筑牢“反对战争、珍爱和平”的历史共识。习近平总书记指出：“那场战争的战火遍及亚洲、欧洲、非洲、大洋洲，军队和民众伤亡超过1亿人，其中中国伤亡人数超过3500万，苏联死亡人数超过2700万。绝不让历史悲剧重演，是我们对当年为维护人类自由、正义、和平而牺牲的英灵、对惨遭屠杀的无辜亡灵的最好纪念。”正确二战史观通过系统呈现法西斯主义的种族灭绝政策和军事扩张逻辑，将侵略罪行的反人类本质具象化为可感知的历史创伤，让全世界人民清晰感受战争对生命和文明的毁灭性破坏，以及当今“世界仍很不太平，战争的‘达摩克利斯之剑’依然悬在人类头上”的残酷现实，从而将个体对和平的强烈渴望汇聚成跨越国界的集体共情，形成抵御战争风险、守护人类安全的思想屏障。

A correct view of World War II history, by narrating the process of the demise of fascism, guides countries around the world to reach the historical consensus that "those who are warlike will perish, and justice will prevail." General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: "Strength and weakness are matters of the moment; right and wrong determine victory or defeat for the ages. Justice, light, and progress will surely defeat evil, darkness, and reaction." A correct view of World War II history, by presenting the trajectory of fascism's collapse amid military defeat, economic disintegration, and international isolation, empirically reveals the historical logic that "those who are warlike will be devoured by war," thereby transforming "those who are warlike will perish, and justice will prevail" from an abstract slogan into a historical consensus, making it the ideological foundation for all countries to uphold the post-war international order and defend world fairness and justice. As Mao Zedong pointed out in *On Protracted War*: "Japan's strength lies in the power of its war machine, but its weakness lies in the regressive and barbaric nature of its war, in its insufficient manpower and material resources, and in the lack of international support... China's weakness lies in its weaker war power, but its strength lies in the progressive and just nature of its war, in its being a large country, and in the abundance of international support."

正确二战史观通过叙述法西斯主义的灭亡过程，引导世界各国达成“好战必亡、正义必胜”的历史共识。习近平总书记强调：“一时强弱在于力，千秋胜负在于理。正义、光明、进步必将战胜邪恶、黑暗、反动。”正确二战史观通过呈现法西斯主义在军事溃败、经济崩解与国际孤立中的覆灭轨迹，实证性揭示了“好战者必被战争反噬”的历史逻辑，从而将“好战必亡、正义必胜”从抽象口号转化为历史共识，成为各国维护战后国际秩序、捍卫世界公平正义的思想基础。正如毛泽东在《论持久战》中指出的那样：“日本的长处是其战争力量之强，而其短处则在其战争本质的退步性、野蛮性，在其人力、物力之不足，在其国际形势之寡助……中国的短处是战争力量之弱，而其长处则在其战争本质的进步性和正义性，在其是一个大国家，在其国际形势之多助。”

A correct view of World War II history, by revealing the reasons for the victory of the anti-fascist war, guides countries around the world to reach the historical consensus of "seeking common ground while reserving differences, and achieving win-win cooperation." General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly points out that the great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression "was achieved through the joint struggle of the Chinese people together with the anti-fascist allied nations and the people of all countries." Deeply summarizing the painful lessons of the appeasement policy pursued by Britain, the United States, and other countries in the early stages of World War II, which fueled the expansionist ambitions of fascism and lost the strategic initiative to contain fascist forces, countries around the world, in the face of a common existential threat, set aside their differences, established the World Anti-Fascist Alliance, and converged into an "overall combined force" of mutual support, coordination, and deep synergy, ultimately maximizing the strength of the anti-fascist struggle. A correct view of World War II history, through a narrative of collective victory that transcends ideological differences and integrates the strategic resources of multiple countries, elevates "seeking common ground while reserving differences, and achieving win-win cooperation" from historical experience into a universal consensus, enabling countries around the world to recognize that resolving conflicts must rely on equal dialogue rather than zero-sum games, thereby providing historical mirroring and governance wisdom for the current international community to address global issues and build a community with a shared future for mankind.

正确二战史观通过揭示反法西斯战争胜利原因，引导世界各国达成“求同存异、合作共赢”的历史共识。习近平总书记深刻指出，中国人民抗日战争“这一伟大胜利，是中国人民同反法西斯同盟国以及各国人民并肩战斗取得的”。深刻总结二战初期英美等国推行绥靖政策助长法西斯扩张野心、丧失遏制法西斯力量战略主动权的惨痛教训，世界各国在共同生存威胁面前放下分歧，建立了世界反法西斯同盟，汇聚成相互支撑、彼此策应、深度协同的“整体合力”,最终实现了反法西斯斗争力量的最大化。正确二战史观通过超越意识形态分歧、整合多国战略资源的集体胜利叙事，将“求同存异、合作共赢”从历史经验升华为普遍共识，使世界各国认知到化解冲突必须依赖平等对话而非零和博弈，从而为当前国际社会应对全球性问题、构建人类命运共同体提供了历史镜鉴和治理智慧。

A correct view of World War II history helps to expand the achievements of the World War II victory and implement global governance initiatives.

正确二战史观有助于拓展二战胜利成果、落实全球治理倡议

The concrete achievements of the value of the World War II victory are the establishment of an international system centered on the United Nations, an international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, making the anti-fascist spirit the value core of the global governance system. Faced with the international backlash that questions the achievements of the World War II victory and denies the post-war international order, the world's forces of justice should jointly uphold and promote a correct view of World War II history, defend and expand the achievements of the World War II victory, and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's call to "propose global governance initiatives, work with all countries to promote the building of a more just and equitable global governance system, and join hands to move towards a community with a shared future for mankind."

二战胜利价值的具象化成果，是建立了以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，使反法西斯精神成为全球治理体系的价值内核。面对质疑二战胜利成果、否定战后国际秩序的国际逆流，世界正义力量应共同坚持和弘扬正确二战史观、捍卫和拓展二战胜利成果，将习近平总书记“提出全球治理倡议，同各国一道，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系，携手迈向人类命运共同体”的号召落到实处。

Revealing the root causes of the failure of the “Versailles–Washington” system and understanding the historical necessity of the Global Governance Initiative. The “Versailles–Washington” system was a governance system centered on imperialist power politics and based on colonial hegemony as its logic; its essence was the redivision of the world order by the victorious powers, and it ultimately collapsed due to its inherent inequality and instability. By revealing the fatal defects of this system—hegemony, exclusivity, and zero-sum games—a correct view of World War II history exposes the serious threat posed to the international system centered on the United Nations by the actions of certain countries that repeatedly violate the UN Charter, resist Security Council resolutions, and vigorously pursue unilateralism. It guides the international community to deeply understand the Global Governance Initiative, which upholds sovereign equality, abides by international rule of law, practices multilateralism, advocates a people-centered approach, and emphasizes action orientation. This initiative aims to reform and improve the global governance system on the basis of defending the current international system, “providing institutional solutions for continuing to address the governance deficit, trust deficit, peace deficit, and development deficit,” reflecting the common demand of all countries for a new order of international fairness and justice.

揭示“凡尔赛—华盛顿”体系失灵根源，理解全球治理倡议的历史必然。“凡尔赛—华盛顿”体系是以帝国主义强权政治为核心、以殖民霸权为逻辑建立的治理体系，其本质是战胜国对世界秩序的重新瓜分，最终因内在的不平等性和不稳定性走向崩溃。正确二战史观通过揭示这一体系霸权、排他、零和博弈的致命缺陷，揭露了部分国家屡屡违反联合国宪章、抵制安理会决议、大兴单边主义等行径对以联合国为核心的国际体系的严重威胁，引导国际社会深刻理解奉行主权平等、遵守国际法治、践行多边主义、倡导以人为本、注重行动导向的全球治理倡议，旨在捍卫当前国际体系的基础上改革完善全球治理体系，“为继续解决治理赤字、信任赤字、和平赤字、发展赤字提供机制方案”,反映了世界各国对国际公平正义新秩序的共同需求。

Elucidating the governance logic of the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and grasping the core essence of the Global Governance Initiative. As the institutional crystallization of the collective security experience of World War II, the governance logic of the UN Charter originates precisely from reflection on the tragedy of World War II; its essence is the thorough negation of acts of aggression and the firm defense of a peaceful order. A correct view of World War II history resolutely upholds the basic norms of post-war international relations. By systematically elucidating the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, it emphasizes that the foundation of global governance lies in opposing hegemonism, respecting the sovereignty of all countries, and practicing multilateralism. It leads the international community to deeply grasp the Global Governance Initiative, which takes extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits as its core concept. This initiative “does not seek to overturn and start anew the existing systems and mechanisms, but rather to adjust, reform, and improve the current systems and mechanisms,” and is committed to solving global problems such as unbalanced development and the collective security dilemma. It vigorously advocates addressing common challenges through dialogue, collaboration, and collective strength, consolidating the status of the people of all countries as participants in and beneficiaries of global governance, and promoting the building of a more just and equitable global governance system.

阐释联合国宪章宗旨原则的治理逻辑，领会全球治理倡议的核心要义。作为二战集体安全经验的制度化结晶，《联合国宪章》的治理逻辑正是源于对二战悲剧的反思，本质是对侵略行为的彻底否定和对和平秩序的坚定维护。正确二战史观坚决维护战后国际关系基本准则，通过系统阐释联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，强调全球治理的根基在于反对霸权主义、尊重各国主权、践行多边主义，引领国际社会深刻领会以共商共建共享为核心理念的全球治理倡议，“不是要对现有的体制机制推倒重来、另起炉灶，而是要对现行的体制机制进行调整改革、创新完善”,致力于破解全球发展失衡、集体安全困境等世界性难题，大力倡导通过对话协作和集体力量应对共同挑战，巩固各国人民全球治理参与者和受益者的地位，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系。

Decoding China’s historical contributions to global governance and consolidating the endogenous driving force of the Global Governance Initiative. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: “Major countries should behave in a manner befitting their status and provide more global public goods, shoulder their responsibilities as major countries, and demonstrate their sense of responsibility as major countries.” As an important part of the World Anti-Fascist War, the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, at the cost of tremendous sacrifice, won China the status of a founding member of the United Nations and a permanent member of the Security Council, injecting Chinese wisdom and the power of justice into the construction of the post-war international system and order. By reviewing China’s strategic choices in events such as the signing of the Declaration by United Nations, the containment and contribution of the Eastern battlefield, and the negotiations of the Treaty of San Francisco, a correct view of World War II history reveals China’s long-term governance logic of using sovereign equality to curb colonial hegemony. General Secretary Xi Jinping solemnly proposed the Global Governance Initiative, demonstrating China’s sense of responsibility as a major country in the new international situation: “to bravely uphold righteousness, steadfastly follow the right path, promote a correct view of World War II history, firmly defend the victorious achievements of World War II, and let the fruits of advancing the reform of the global governance system and building a community with a shared future for mankind benefit all people more and better.” This provides conceptual guidance and value consensus for consolidating the endogenous driving force of the Global Governance Initiative.

解码中国参与全球性治理的历史贡献，凝聚全球治理倡议的内生动力。习近平总书记深刻指出：“大国更应该有大的样子，要提供更多全球公共产品，承担大国责任，展现大国担当。”中国人民抗日战争作为世界反法西斯战争的重要组成部分，以巨大牺牲赢得了联合国创始会员国和安理会常任理事国的地位，为战后国际体系与秩序构建注入了中国智慧和正义力量。正确二战史观通过回顾中国在《联合国家宣言》签署、东方战场牵制与贡献、旧金山和约博弈等事件中的战略选择，揭示了中国以主权平等遏制殖民霸权的长期治理逻辑。习近平总书记郑重提出全球治理倡议，展现了中国在新的国际形势下“勇担大义、笃行大道，弘扬正确二战史观，坚定维护二战胜利成果，让推进全球治理体系变革、推动构建人类命运共同体的成果更多更好造福全人类”的大国担当，为凝聚全球治理倡议的内生动力提供了理念引领和价值共识。

III. Pathways for Promotion: Realizing Systematic Narration, Platform-based Exchange, and Digital Dissemination

三、弘扬路径：实现体系化叙事、平台化交流、数字化传播

Upholding and promoting a correct view of World War II history means taking respect for historical facts as the fundamental premise, opposing any form of historical nihilism, firmly defending the international order based on the UN Charter, shaping and disseminating a complete collective memory of World War II, learning from history, and jointly creating the future. To this end, we should actively construct a complete and authoritative narrative system of World War II history rooted in historical facts, expand a pluralistic and inclusive international platform for historical exchange using dialogue as a bridge, and explore a new paradigm of information-driven digital historical dissemination driven by innovation.

坚持和弘扬正确二战史观就是要将尊重历史事实作为根本前提，反对任何形式的历史虚无主义，坚定维护以《联合国宪章》为基础的国际秩序，塑造并传播关于二战的完整集体记忆，以史为鉴、共创未来。为此，应积极构建以史实为根基的完整权威的二战历史叙事体系，拓展以对话为桥梁的多元包容的国际史观交流平台，探索以创新为驱动的信息数字化历史传播新范式。

Rooted in historical facts, constructing a complete and authoritative narrative system for a correct view of World War II history

以史实为根基，构建完整权威的正确二战史观叙事体系

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must use historical materialism to understand and record history, and base historical conclusions on solid and accurate historical evidence and in-depth and meticulous research and analysis.” Upholding and promoting a correct view of World War II history should be based on the Marxist method of historical reflection, adhere to the principle that “the core of historical justice is correct historical facts and historical narratives,” improve the mechanisms for collecting, collating, verifying, and examining World War II historical materials, be adept at enhancing the ability to analyze and critique history through constructing cognitive and narrative frameworks, and master the principles and methods of summarizing historical experiences and lessons. This will enable the construction of a complete and authoritative narrative system of World War II history rooted in historical facts.

习近平总书记强调：“要坚持用唯物史观来认识和记述历史，把历史结论建立在翔实准确的史料支撑和深入细致的研究分析的基础之上。”坚持和弘扬正确二战史观应立足马克思主义历史思辨方法，坚持“历史正义的内核就是正确的历史事实与历史叙事”,健全二战史料搜集整理及甄别考证机制，善于通过建构认识与叙事架构提高历史解析与批判能力，掌握总结历史经验教训的原则与方法，从而构建以史实为根基的完整权威的二战历史叙事体系。

Adhering to “using history as evidence” to make the narrative of World War II history more credible. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To conduct in-depth research on the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, we must adhere to a correct view of history, strengthen planning and resource integration, strengthen the collection and organization of historical materials, and strengthen public opinion propaganda work, letting history speak and using historical facts to speak.” To this end, it is necessary to rely on primary sources such as official archives, military documents, and eyewitness testimonies, combined with physical evidence such as cultural relics and sites, video recordings, private diaries, and correspondence, to establish a core support system for World War II historical materials with mutual verification from multiple sources. It is necessary to adhere to the rigor of historical research, be vigilant against the one-sidedness of subjective interpretation, and through cross-national and cross-group collaborative verification mechanisms for historical materials, achieve the elimination of falsehoods and retention of truths in the analysis of World War II historical materials, resolutely opposing the nihilistic tendency of political tampering and historical distortion. It is necessary to adhere to the dialectical unity of the principle of empirical evidence and historical critique, transcend the limitations of national historical perspectives with the authenticity of historical materials, the objectivity of narratives, and the inclusiveness of perspectives, ensuring that the narrative of World War II history can forever withstand the test of history and time.

坚持“以史为证”,使二战历史叙事更为可信。习近平总书记指出，“深入开展中国人民抗日战争研究，必须坚持正确历史观、加强规划和力量整合、加强史料收集和整理、加强舆论宣传工作，让历史说话，用史实发言”。为此，需依托官方档案、军事文献、亲历证词等 第一手资料，结合文物遗迹、影像记录、私人日记、往来信件等实物证据，建立起多元互证的二战核心史料支撑体系；需恪守史学研究的严谨性、警惕主观解读的片面性，通过跨国家、跨群体的史料协同考证机制，实现对二战史料辨析的去伪存真、去粗取精，坚决反对政治篡改、歪曲历史的虚无主义倾向；需坚持实证原则与历史批判的辩证统一，以史料的真实性、叙事的客观性和视角的包容性超越民族史观局限，确保二战历史叙事永远经得起历史和时间的检验。

Adhering to “scientific paradigms” to make the narrative of World War II history more reliable. To construct a complete and authoritative narrative system of World War II history rooted in historical facts, it is necessary to “take historical materialism as the guide, inherit the general history spirit of traditional historiography, and organically combine macro research with micro research; learn from history, apply knowledge to practical use, and answer the questions of the times and history under the great changes unseen in a century,” constructing a research paradigm for World War II history that is both scientific and inclusive, and integrates historicity and contemporaneity. To this end, it is necessary to break the limitations of the single perspective of Western-centrism, integrate diverse historical materials from different belligerent countries and groups, and through specific research such as thematic history, regional history, and national history of World War II, form a global narrative that overcomes fragmentation and selective interpretation. It is necessary to integrate interdisciplinary methods such as history, sociology, and geography, ensure the accuracy of historical facts through the rigor of historical material verification, deepen the three-dimensional interpretation of the causes, processes, and impacts of the war from a multidisciplinary perspective, and form a more reliable framework for the narrative of World War II history through a research paradigm with rigorous logic, comprehensive content, and scientific methods.

坚持“范式科学”,使二战历史叙事更为可靠。以史实为根基构建完整权威的二战历史叙事体系，必须“以唯物史观为指导，继承传统史学的通史精神，将宏观研究与微观研究有机结合；以史为鉴、经世致用回答大变局下的时代之问与历史 之问”,建构 兼具科学性与包容性、融通历史性与现实性的二战历史研究范式。为此，应打破西方中心主义单一视角局限，整合不同参战国、不同群体的多元史料，通过关于二战的专题史、区域史、国别史等具体研究，形成破解碎片化、选择性解读的全球性叙事；应融合历史学、社会学、地理学等跨学科方法，以史料考证的严谨性确保史实准确，以多学科交叉视角深化对战争成因、进程及影响的立体解读，以逻辑严密、内容全面、方法科学的研究范式形成更为可靠的二战历史叙事框架。

Adhering to “discourse innovation” to make the narrative of World War II history more usable. The professional historical community’s examination of World War II historical facts, depiction of the war’s process, and refinement of historical laws form the cognitive foundation for constructing a correct view of World War II history. However, shaping a correct view of World War II history not only requires deepening professional research but also consolidating the cognitive foundation of the entire population and enhancing international communication capabilities. To this end, while adhering to the objectivity of historical facts, it is necessary to break away from the single perspective of traditional grand historical narratives, incorporate micro-historical elements such as civilian memories and individual destinies, transform World War II history from an abstract list of events into perceptible human stories, and enhance the contemporary audience’s experiential and emotional resonance with World War II. Efforts should be made to promote discourse innovation adapted to the digital age, using popular communication carriers such as documentaries, historical literary and artistic works, and interactive digital exhibitions, combined with real-world issues of common international concern such as security guarantees, human rights conditions, and mutual learning among civilizations, to construct a more contemporary discourse for the narrative of World War II history and form more attractive and effective content for the dissemination of World War II history.

坚持“话语创新”,使二战历史叙事更为可用。专业史学界关于二战史实的考辨、二战进程的描绘、历史规律的提炼，是构建正确二战史观的认知基础，但塑造正确二战史观不仅需要深化专业研究，更需要夯实全民认知基础、提升国际传播能力。为此，应在坚守史实客观性的基础上，跳出传统宏大历史叙事的单一视角，融入平民记忆、个体命运等微观历史元素，把二战历史从抽象的事件罗列转变为可感知的人性故事，增强当代受众对二战的生存体验与情感共鸣；着力推动适配数字时代的叙事话语创新，借助纪录片、历史题材文艺作品、交互式数字展览等喜闻乐见的传播载体，结合国际社会普遍关注的安全保障、人权状况、文明互鉴等现实议题，建构更具当代价值的二战历史叙事话语，形成更具吸引力和战斗力的二战历史传播内容。

Using dialogue as a bridge, constructing a pluralistic and inclusive exchange system for a correct view of World War II history

以对话为桥梁，构建多元包容的正确二战史观交流体系

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Because the West has long held ‘cultural hegemony’ and engaged in propaganda and agitation, contemporary Chinese values have suffered from too many distorted interpretations, blocked truths, and inverted facts.” To break the Western countries’ distortion, blocking, inversion, and smearing of a correct view of World War II history, and to break through the discursive blockade of historical nihilism, unilateralism, and hegemonism, we should actively utilize international platforms for voice such as the United Nations, global academic exchange platforms such as the World History Association, and social organizations such as the Chinese Association for International Understanding, to construct an exchange system for a correct view of World War II history that is politically guided, academically supported, and involves civil participation.

习近平总书记指出：“由于西方长期掌握着‘文化霸权’、进行宣传鼓动，当代中国价值观念存在太多被扭曲的解释、被屏蔽的真相、被颠倒的事实。”为打破西方国家对正确二战史观的扭曲、屏蔽、颠倒、抹黑，冲破历史虚无主义及单边主义、霸权主义的话语封锁，我们应主动利用以联合国为代表的国际发声平台、以世界史学会为代表的全球性学术交流平台、以中国国际交流协会为代表的社会团体，构建政治引领、学术支撑、民间参与的正确二战史观交流体系。

Actively utilize international political organizations such as the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to enhance the political guiding force of a correct view of World War II history. We should use international exchange platforms such as the United Nations General Assembly to continuously consolidate the political consensus that “the history of World War II must not be desecrated, the outcomes of World War II must not be questioned, and the contributions of China and the Soviet Union must not be erased”; continue to promote UNESCO’s construction of the Memory of the World Programme, and on the basis of the inclusion of the “Records of the Nanjing Massacre” in the Memory of the World Register, add more authentic historical materials that can reflect the course of the World Anti-Fascist War; continue to promote UNESCO’s drafting and adoption of an international convention against historical nihilism, to protect the collective historical memory of the World Anti-Fascist War. At the same time, rely on mechanisms such as the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to expand the scope of narrative radiation, constructing a historical discourse network linking the global and regional levels. For example, we can use important historical anniversaries of the victory of World War II to timely integrate the historical consensus on safeguarding the victorious outcomes of World War II and the post-war international order into political agendas and global governance, continuously enhancing the awareness and recognition of a correct view of World War II history among countries around the world.

主动利用联合国、上合组织等国际性政治组织，提高正确二战史观的政治引领力。要利用联合国大会等国际交流平台，持续巩固“二战历史不可亵渎、二战成果不容置疑、中苏功绩不可磨灭”的政治共识；继续推进联合国教科文组织建设世界记忆工程，在《南京大屠杀档案》列入《世界记忆名录》的基础上，增加更多能够反映世界反法西斯战争历程的真实史料；继续推动联合国教科文组织起草和通过反历史虚无主义国际公约，保护世界反法西斯战争集体历史记忆。同时，依托金砖国家、上海合作组织等机制扩大叙事辐射范围，构建全球、区域联动的历史话语网络。比如，可以利用二战胜利重要历史节点，适时将维护二战胜利成果与战后国际秩序的历史共识融入政治议程和全球治理，不断增强世界各国对正确二战史观的认知度与认同度。

Fully utilize relevant political and historical global academic platforms to enhance the academic credibility of a correct view of World War II history. Highlighting the attribute of World War II historical narratives as a global public good is an important task for China’s philosophy and social science research. We should fully leverage the neutrality and authority of relevant global academic organizations, promote the establishment of international academic forums, transnational collaboration platforms, and joint research projects themed on a correct view of World War II history, construct an open World War II electronic database that is traceable, mutually verifiable, and shareable, and gradually integrate China’s systematic research and just stance on World War II history into the global academic dialogue system; continue to encourage Chinese scholars to publish research findings in top international philosophy and social science journals, actively promote historical research and cooperation on World War II among various countries, so that a correct view of World War II history, through equal exchange with various historical narratives, gradually becomes the mainstream consensus and basis for dialogue in the global academic community.

充分利用相关政治类、历史类全球性学术平台，增强正确二战史观的学术公信力。彰显二战历史叙事的全球公共产品属性，是我国哲学社会科学研究的重要任务。应充分利用全球相关学术组织的中立性与权威性，推动设置以正确二战史观为主题的国际学术论坛、跨国协作平台及联合研究项目，构建可溯源、可互证、可共享的开放式二战电子数据库，逐步将中国对二战历史的系统研究与正义立场融入全球学术对话体系；继续鼓励中国学者在国际顶级哲学社会科学期刊发表研究成果，积极推动各国进行二战历史研究与合作，让正确二战史观在与各类历史叙事的平等交流中，逐步成为全球学术界的主流共识和对话基础。

Actively utilize social civil organizations with international exchange functions to enhance the social recognition of a correct view of World War II history. General Secretary Xi Jinping has demanded: “We must attach importance to public diplomacy, extensively participate in the activities of international non-governmental organizations, spread China’s voice well, tell China’s stories well, and present to the world a true, multi-dimensional, and comprehensive China.” Social civil organizations have the advantages of being close to the people and flexible in form. They can use their own international networks to organize transnational civil dialogues on the theme of World War II history, online and offline commemorations, youth study and exchange activities, etc., promoting the sharing of local World War II memories and mutual learning of historical cognition among people of various countries, thereby building a bridge of understanding and consensus at the civil level, and gradually eliminating the influence of erroneous views of World War II history. For example, peace groups such as the “Japanese Society for Remembering the Heart” have spent decades collecting testimonies of veterans of the Japanese invasion of China, and descendants of veterans from the “American Flying Tigers Friendship Association” have spontaneously organized archives of aid to China. The authenticity of these non-official “endorsements” has dispelled the public’s politicized doubts, effectively enhancing the international communication power and civil recognition of a correct view of World War II history.

积极利用具有国际交流功能的社会性民间团体，增强正确二战史观的社会认同力。习近平总书记要求：“要重视公共外交，广泛参加国际非政府组织的活动，传播好中国声音，讲好中国故事，向世界展现一个真实的中国、立体的中国、全面的中国。”社会性民间团体具有贴近民众、形式灵活的优势，可以借助自身的国际网络组织二战历史主题的跨国民间对话、线上线下纪念、青年研学交流等活动，推动各国民众分享本土二战记忆、互鉴历史认知，从而在民间层面搭建起理解与共识的桥梁，逐步消解错误二战史观的影响。比如，“日本铭心会”等和平团体持续数十年收集侵华老兵证言、“美国飞虎队友好协会”老兵后代自发整理援华档案，以非官方“背书”的真实性消解了民众的政治化质疑，有效增强了正确二战史观的国际传播力与民间认同度。

Driven by innovation, construct a communication system for a correct view of World War II history in the digital era

以创新为驱动，构建数字时代正确二战史观传播体系

As “the internet increasingly becomes the main battlefield, main front, and forefront of ideological struggle,” upholding and promoting a correct view of World War II history must closely integrate the communication characteristics of the digital era, comprehensively and accurately analyze the new forms of online dissemination of erroneous views of World War II history, and by building a multi-platform linked new media communication matrix, as well as immersive experiences using digital technologies such as virtual simulation and augmented reality, strengthen the content expression of a correct view of World War II history in algorithmic recommendations. Through technological empowerment and formal innovation, we can break through the functional limitations of traditional communication carriers, enhance the historical perception of younger groups, and thus build an iron wall of collective memory for a correct view of World War II history in virtual space.

随着“互联网日益成为意识形态斗争的主阵地、主战场、最前沿”,坚持和弘扬正确二战史观必须紧密结合数字时代的传播特点，全面准确地剖析错误二战史观网络传播新样态，通过搭建多平台联动的新媒体传播矩阵，以及虚拟仿真、现实加强等数字技术的沉浸式体验，强化正确二战史观在算法推荐中的内容表达，以技术赋能与形式创新突破传统传播载体的功能局限、增强年轻群体的历史感知，从而在虚拟空间构筑起正确二战史观集体记忆的铜墙铁壁。

Adhere to targeted remedies and analyze the new forms of digital dissemination of erroneous views of World War II history. As digital virtual time and space increasingly become the main carrier of human history and culture and the main platform for social life and interaction, erroneous views of World War II history have also taken on new forms of digital dissemination characterized by fragmentation, concealment, and socialization. For example, erroneous views of World War II history, using deepfake technology, break down distorted content into fragmented information such as sensational stories and controversial topics for covert infiltration. This is actually historical nihilism using intelligent content generation technology to obscure political stances and mass-produce “nihilistic” information. Another example: erroneous views of World War II history, using immersive experiences and circle-based communication, integrate erroneous viewpoints into entertainment content such as virtual communities, game mods, and online comics to expand their influence. This is essentially a common tactic of Western-centrism using algorithmic recommendations to trap audiences in information cocoons. To break through information cocoons and algorithmic jungles and construct a digital communication system for a correct view of World War II history, it is necessary to accurately analyze the new logic of dissemination and the new characteristics of carriers of erroneous views of World War II history, thereby achieving the correction of erroneous views of World War II history and safeguarding historical truth.

坚持对症下药，解析错误二战史观数字传播新样态。随着数码虚拟时空日益成为人类历史文化的主要载体和社会生活交往的主要平台，错误二战史观也呈现出碎片化、隐蔽化、社交化的数字传播新样态。比如，错误二战史观借助深度伪造技术，将歪曲内容拆解为猎奇故事、争议话题等碎片化信息进行隐蔽渗透，实际上是历史虚无主义利用智能生成内容技术，遮蔽政治立场，批量化生产“虚无”信息；再如，错误二战史观借助沉浸式体验和圈层化传播，将错误观点融入虚拟社群、游戏模组、网络漫画等娱乐化内容以扩大影响，本质是西方中心主义利用算法推荐把受众束缚于信息茧房的惯用伎俩。而要突破信息茧房和算法丛林，构建正确二战史观数字化传播体系，需精准剖析错误二战史观的传播新逻辑与载体新特征，从而实现对错误二战史观的纠偏，维护历史真相。

Solve the problem of capability panic and strengthen the digital communication capacity of a correct view of World War II history. The core of enhancing the digital communication capacity of a correct view of World War II history lies in constructing a content production and communication system adapted to the digital ecosystem, and the key lies in “solving the problem of ‘capability panic’ and truly becoming experts in using new means and methods of modern media.” [22]22 A reference to a speech by Xi Jinping on August 19, 2013, at the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideology Work, where he urged Party officials to overcome inadequacy in using new media. In terms of research paradigms, we should proficiently master and fully utilize digital historical material integration technologies, actively break through the communication limitations of traditional academic expression, and achieve visual, story-based, and interactive expression of academic achievements, thereby transforming rigorous World War II historical facts into vivid content suitable for digital carriers, allowing audiences in the digital age to actively accept them through immersive education; in terms of communication channels, we should break away from the single traditional model of displaying historical materials, actively deploy in gathering places for young users such as short videos, social platforms, and knowledge communities, and continuously enhance the team’s capabilities in applying algorithmic recommendations, analyzing communication audiences, judging online public opinion, refuting erroneous viewpoints, and using legal means, thereby precisely breaking the information cocoons of erroneous views of World War II history and effectively enhancing the communication power and penetration of a correct view of World War II history.

解决本领恐慌，强化正确二战史观数字传播能力。提升正确二战史观的数字传播能力，核心在于构建适应数字生态的内容生产与传播体系，关键在于“解决好‘本领恐慌’问题，真正成为运用现代传媒新手段新方法的行家里手”。在研究范式上，应熟练掌握、充分利用数字史料整合技术，主动突破传统学术表达的传播局限，实现学术成果的可视化、故事化、互动化表达，从而将严谨的二战史实转化为适配数字载体的鲜活内容，让数字化时代的受众在沉浸式教育中主动接受；在传播渠道上，应跳出单一的传统史料陈列模式，主动布局短视频、社交平台、知识社区等年轻用户的聚集地，持续提升传播团队的算法推荐应用、传播受众分析、网络舆情研判、错误观点批驳、法律手段运用等能力，从而精准打破错误二战史观的信息茧房，有效增强正确二战史观的传播力和渗透力。

Strengthen mainstream communication and highlight the international discursive power of a correct view of World War II history. To strengthen the mainstream communication of a correct view of World War II history, we must “optimize strategic layout, concentrate advantageous resources, and strive to build flagship external propaganda media with strong international influence,” [23]23 A reference to a directive from Xi Jinping on building strong international communication capacity, often cited in discussions of China’s external propaganda strategy. fully utilizing the international communication capabilities of mainstream media to embed a correct view of World War II history into the international communication discourse system. To this end, we should coordinate domestic and international news resources and online and offline communication channels, adhere to the combination of independent voice and “borrowing a boat to go to sea,” actively set agendas around General Secretary Xi Jinping’s relevant important expositions, and clarify China’s contribution to the War of Resistance by publishing opinions of Chinese and foreign experts, editorials, and commentaries; we should leverage the advantages of overseas media friend circles to promote the publication of multilingual manuscripts in major overseas media, use all historical nodes related to the anti-fascist war to tell China’s story of the War of Resistance well, spread China’s value stance well, and present a true, multi-dimensional, and comprehensive Chinese governance plan; we should actively construct a diverse and three-dimensional international communication matrix, strengthen special cooperation with overseas media, create blockbuster products on a correct view of World War II history, and continuously strengthen the international discursive power of a correct view of World War II history.

强化主流传播，彰显正确二战史观国际话语力量。强化正确二战史观的主流传播，必须“优化战略布局，集中优势资源，着力打造具有较强国际影响的外宣旗舰媒体”,充分利用主流媒体的国际传播能力，将正确二战史观嵌入国际传播话语体系。为此，应统筹海内外新闻资源与线上线下传播渠道，坚持自主发声与“借船出海”相结合，主动围绕习近平总书记相关重要论述设置议题，通过刊发中外专家言论、社论评论等阐明中国抗战贡献；应借助海外媒体朋友圈优势推动多语种稿件在海外主要媒体刊发，利用一切与反法西斯战争相关的历史节点，讲好中国抗战故事，传播好中国价值立场，展示真实、立体、全面的中国治理方案；应主动构建多元立体的国际传播矩阵，加强与海外媒体的专题合作，打造正确二战史观爆款产品，持续强化正确二战史观的国际话语力量。