Autonomous Modernization of the Global South: Connotations, Logic, and Development Path

I. The Origin of the Question of Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

一、全球南方自主现代化问题缘起

President Xi Jinping pointed out, “The collective rise of the Global South is a distinctive mark of the great changes unseen in a century. The common march of Global South countries toward modernization is a major event in world history and an unprecedented feat in the course of human civilization.” The modernization of the Global South is increasingly becoming a focus of attention both at home and abroad. Marching together toward modernization is a task of the times facing the Global South. Without the modernization of the Global South, there can be no true world modernization. It is necessary to support the Global South in taking the path of modernization well. Integrating into the process of world modernization is an inevitable trend, but how to achieve modernization is a common challenge facing the Global South. Shedding the path dependence on Western modernization, changing the unreasonable old world political and economic order, and opening up a path of autonomous modernization for the Global South, thereby effectively promoting the development of world modernization, are problems that must be solved in the process of Global South modernization.

习近平主席指出，“‘全球南方’群体性崛起，是世界大变局的鲜明标志。‘全球南方’国家共同迈向现代化是世界历史上一件大事，也是人类文明进程中史无前例的壮举”。全球南方现代化日益成为国内外关注的焦点，共同迈向现代化是全球南方面临的时代课题，没有全球南方现代化就没有真正的世界现代化，要支持全球南方走好现代化道路。融入世界现代化进程是必然趋势，但是如何实现现代化却是全球南方共同面临的难题。摆脱对西方现代化的路径依赖，改变不合理的世界政治经济旧秩序，开辟全球南方自主现代化之路，从而有效推动世界现代化发展，是全球南方现代化进程中必须解决的问题。

In current research on the modernization of the Global South, academic circles at home and abroad have mainly examined the following issues and formed preliminary research results. First, the connotation of Global South modernization. The Global South was formed with the emergence of the capitalist world system. The Global South mainly faces the tasks of development and modernization. The Global South has broken the myth that “modernization equals Westernization” through innovations in development models, cooperation models, and governance models. Second, the dilemmas and roots of Global South modernization. Regarding the dilemmas of Global South modernization, the overall development momentum of the Global South is limited, the levels of economic development vary greatly, and development is unbalanced and inadequate. Regarding the roots of the lag in Global South modernization: first, the Global South is constrained by the Western financial hegemony centered on the dollar hegemony; economic globalization has brought the entire world into the capitalist accumulation network, exacerbating financial crises in the Global South. Second, neoliberalism forces the Global South into an unequal position within the world capitalist accumulation mechanism; the Global South is forced to adapt to the capital accumulation needs of Northern countries under neoliberal conditions. Third, the unreasonable and unfair international political and economic system restricts the modernization development of the Global South; the industrial and technological dependency relationship between the Global North and South makes the Global South face difficulties in industrial upgrading. Third, the theoretical interpretation of Global South modernization. Classical modernization theory, dependency theory, world-systems theory, and late-development advantage theory have all provided theoretical interpretations, striving to explore the dilemmas and roots of Global South modernization.

在当前的全球南方现代化研究中，国内外学界主要考察了以下问题，并形成了初步研究成果。第一，全球南方现代化的内涵。全球南方随着资本主义世界体系的产生而形成。全球南方主要面临发展和现代化的任务。全球南方以发展模式、合作模式、治理模式的创新打破了“现代化=西方化”的迷思。第二，全球南方现代化的困境和根源。就全球南方现代化的困境而言，全球南方整体发展动能有限，经济发展水平差异较大，发展不平衡不充分。就全球南方现代化滞后的根源而言，一是全球南方受制于以美元霸权为核心的西方金融霸权，经济全球化将整个世界纳入资本主义积累网络，加剧全球南方金融危机；二是新自由主义迫使全球南方处于世界资本主义积累机制中的不平等地位，全球南方被迫适应新自由主义条件下北方国家的资本积累需求；三是不合理不公平的国际政治经济体系制约了全球南方现代化发展，全球南北之间的工业和技术依附关系，使全球南方面临产业升级难题。第三，全球南方现代化的理论阐释。经典现代化理论、依附理论、世界体系理论、后发优势理论等都提出了理论诠释，力求探索全球南方现代化的困境和根源。

Comparatively speaking, relevant research at home and abroad has deepened the understanding of the issue of Global South modernization, but it also has limitations. First, it neglects the autonomous characteristics of Global South modernization. Dependency theory, world-systems theory, and late-development advantage theory attempt to break the other-construction of Global South modernization discourse by classical modernization theory. However, because the subjectivity and influence of the Global South were not strong in the past, they have not fully achieved the self-construction of Global South modernization discourse, but only criticized Western modernization. Existing modernization theories attempt to explain the internal logic of the lag in Global South modernization, but they neglect to answer questions such as why the Global South should modernize, what to develop, and how to develop; they neglect to summarize the general laws behind the practice of Global South modernization; and they neglect to conduct in-depth investigations into the relationship between Global South modernization and world modernization and their evolutionary dynamics. Second, the Global South once lacked the autonomous construction of modernization theory. When facing the dilemma between autonomous exploration and comprehensive imitation, and between utilizing external forces and relying on external forces, the Global South once neglected its own historical traditions and practical foundations, blindly followed Western modernization theories, and one-sidedly magnified the stage-specific, regional, particular, and value-laden nature of Western modernization into something eternal, global, universal, and value-neutral. This caused Global South modernization theory to lose its rationality, autonomy, and transcendence, which is not conducive to constructing an autonomous discourse system and discourse paradigm for Global South modernization. Because the post-World War II international order did not provide sufficient space for late-developing countries to take a path of self-development, the Global South needs to shift from the other-construction to the self-construction of modernization discourse, breaking through the hegemonic hierarchical order of Western modernization, so that the Global South can march together toward modernization.

比较而言，国内外相关研究深化了对全球南方现代化问题的认识，同时也存在局限。第一，忽视了全球南方现代化的自主性特征。依附理论、世界体系理论和后发优势理论试图打破经典现代化理论对于全球南方现代化话语的他者建构，但是，由于以往全球南方的主体性地位和影响力并不强，所以并未完全形成全球南方现代化话语的自我建构，而只是对西方现代化进行批判。既有现代化理论试图解释全球南方现代化落后的内在逻辑，但是忽略了对全球南方现代化为什么发展、发展什么、如何发展等问题的回答，忽略了对全球南方现代化实践背后一般规律的总结，忽略了对全球南方现代化与世界现代化及其演进动态之间关系的深入考察。第二，全球南方曾经缺乏对现代化理论的自主建构。全球南方现代化在面临自主探索和全面模仿、利用外力和依赖外力的两难困境时，曾经忽视自身历史传统和现实基础，盲从西方现代化理论，将西方现代化的阶段性、区域性、特殊性和价值倾向性片面放大为永恒性、全球性、普遍性和价值中立性，使全球南方现代化理论失去了合理性、自主性和超越性，不利于构建全球南方现代化的自主话语体系和话语范式。由于第二次世界大战后国际秩序未能给后发展国家提供走自我发展道路的足够空间，全球南方需要从现代化话语的他者建构转向自我建构，冲破西方现代化的霸权等级秩序，使全球南方共同迈向现代化。

How to break free from the dependent development on Western modernization and achieve “autonomous” modernization, that is, how to construct the autonomous modernization of the Global South, is a historical task for the Global South as it marches together toward modernization. Therefore, this article, based on the new characteristics of the autonomy and initiative of the Global South and its modernization, delves deeply into the issue of autonomous modernization of the Global South. First, why must the modernization of the Global South achieve “autonomy”? To answer the question of autonomous modernization of the Global South, it is necessary to deeply investigate the roots and inner essence of the autonomous modernization of the Global South, forming a systematic theory of autonomous modernization of the Global South. Second, how can the modernization of the Global South achieve “autonomy”? The modernization of the Global South must transcend the Western-centric model of Western modernization and construct a new narrative scheme of modernization that interprets world history. This article aims to explore the conceptual characteristics, internal logic, and development path of autonomous modernization of the Global South, clarifying that the Global South must, in the process of modernization, “localize” modernization by “reclaiming the South,” transcend the historical experience of Western-centric modernization with an autonomous Global South modernization, and contribute Global South wisdom to world modernization.

如何摆脱对于西方现代化的依附型发展、实现“自主”的现代化，即如何建构全球南方自主现代化，是全球南方共同迈向现代化的历史课题。因此，本文立足于全球南方及其现代化的自主性和能动性新特质，深入研究全球南方自主现代化的问题。一是全球南方现代化为何要实现“自主”?回答全球南方自主现代化问题，需要深入考察全球南方自主现代化的根源和内在实质，形成系统化的全球南方自主现代化理论。二是全球南方现代化如何实现“自主”?全球南方现代化要超越西方中心主义的西方现代化模式，构建阐释世界历史的现代化叙事新方案。本文旨在探索全球南方自主现代化的概念特征、内在逻辑和发展路向，阐明全球南方要在现代化进程中通过“找回南方”将现代化“地方化”,以自主的全球南方现代化超越西方中心主义的现代化历史经验，为世界现代化贡献全球南方智慧。

II. Conceptual Characteristics of Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

二、全球南方自主现代化的概念特征

Autonomous modernization of the Global South is the inevitable result of the Global South collectively resisting capital exploitation and international hegemony, shifting from the other-construction to the self-construction of modernization. Autonomous modernization of the Global South is a modernization that conforms to its own national conditions, balances universality and particularity, balances independence and inclusiveness, and takes a path of independent and autonomous development, characterized by economic differentiation, political differentiation, and cultural differentiation.

全球南方自主现代化是全球南方共同反抗资本剥削和国际霸权、从现代化的他者建构转向自我建构的必然结果。全球南方自主现代化是符合自身国情、兼顾普遍性与差异性、兼顾独立性和包容性、走独立自主发展道路的现代化，具有经济分化、政治分化和文化分化特征。

1. The Conceptual Connotation of Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

1.全球南方自主现代化的概念内涵

The Global South represents the mutual recognition of the world’s peripheral groups regarding their common situation of marginalization in the neoliberal world. The collective rise of the Global South endows it with stronger subjectivity and initiative, moving from a previous passive dependent development to an independent and autonomous development, and actively exerting the influence of the Global South in world modernization. The “autonomy” of Global South modernization must meet the complex, diverse, and multi-layered modernization development needs of the Global South.

全球南方代表了世界边缘群体对其在新自由主义世界中所处边缘地位这种共同处境的相互认同，全球南方的共同崛起使其具有更强的主体地位和主观能动性，从以往被动依附型发展走向独立自主型发展，并积极在世界现代化中发挥全球南方的影响力。全球南方现代化的“自主”,必须满足全球南方复杂性、多样性、多层次的现代化发展需求。

Specifically, first, autonomous modernization of the Global South is modernization that conforms to each country’s own national conditions. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: “There is no single model of modernization that is set in stone, nor is there a one-size-fits-all standard for modernization.” Autonomous modernization of the Global South can neither be a “reprint” of Western modernization, requiring it to avoid the coerciveness and exploitativeness of Western modernization, nor treat a new type of modernization model based on its own civilizational advantages as an exception or accident of world modernization, still less allow the modernization model of a single member of the Global South to homogenize world modernization once again. Rather, it must actively explore a modernization path suited to the Global South’s own national conditions. Second, autonomous modernization of the Global South is modernization that balances universality and difference. Autonomous modernization of the Global South needs to transcend the individual self-interest tendency of Western modernization. Based on the common need to build a new type of modernization order and safeguard the development rights and interests of the Global South, it must both critically construct universal mechanisms that meet the overall development needs of Global South modernization, forging a common identity and collective action for Global South modernization under the shared historical fate of anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism, and differentially satisfy the development needs of the Global South at different levels and degrees in the process of modernization, developing multilateralist modernization. Third, autonomous modernization of the Global South is modernization that balances independence and inclusiveness. Autonomous modernization of the Global South must organically combine independence and self-reliance with integration into the world. It must both recognize the positive value of differential factors such as each country’s own national conditions and culture for modernization, and follow the general laws of world modernization, jointly advancing pluralistic and inclusive modernization. It must both break out of the rut of Western modernization’s advocacy of comprehensive Westernization, and escape the trap of post-developing countries blindly rejecting Western modernization and moving toward an exclusionary and closed-off modernization development path. Finally, autonomous modernization of the Global South is modernization that constructs its own discourse power. Autonomous modernization of the Global South must shift from other-constructed to self-constructed discourse power over modernization, breaking the unipolar discourse model of Western modernization, combining the general laws of world modernization with the concrete realities and cultures of the Global South, autonomously exploring the modernization path and theory of the Global South in late-developing, externally-driven modernization, putting forward and contributing the Global South’s global justice claims in international relations of modernization, and establishing cultural confidence and discourse confidence in autonomous modernization of the Global South.

具体而言，首先，全球南方自主现代化是符合自身国情的现代化。习近平总书记强调：“世界上既不存在定于一尊的现代化模式，也不存在放之四海而皆准的现代化标准。”全球南方自主现代化既不能“翻版”西方现代化，需要规避西方现代化的强迫性和剥削性，也不能将基于自身文明优势的新型现代化模式当成世界现代化的例外或偶然，更不能以全球南方单个成员的现代化模式使世界现代化再度同质化，而是要积极探索适合全球南方自身国情的现代化道路。其次，全球南方自主现代化是兼顾普遍性和差异性的现代化。全球南方自主现代化需要超越西方现代化的个体自利倾向，基于构建新型现代化秩序、维护全球南方发展权益的共同需求，既批判性地构建契合全球南方现代化整体发展需要的普遍性机制，在反帝国主义、反殖民主义的共同历史命运前提下建构全球南方现代化的共同身份和集体行动；又差异化地满足全球南方在现代化过程中不同层次、不同程度的发展需求，发展多边主义现代化。再次，全球南方自主现代化是兼顾独立性和包容性的现代化。全球南方自主现代化要将独立自主和融入世界有机结合起来，既要看到自身国情文化等差异性因素对于现代化的积极价值，又要遵循世界现代化的一般规律，携手推进多元包容的现代化；既要跳出西方现代化主张全面西化的窠臼，又要跳出后发展国家盲目排斥西方现代化而走向排外封闭式现代化发展道路的陷阱。最后，全球南方自主现代化是自我建构话语权的现代化。全球南方自主现代化要从现代化话语权的他者建构转向自我建构，打破西方现代化的单极话语模式，将世界现代化一般规律和全球南方的具体实际和文化结合起来，在后发外源型现代化中自主探索全球南方现代化道路和理论，在现代化国际关系中发出全球南方的全球正义主张并作出贡献，树立全球南方自主现代化的文化自信和话语自信。

2. The Economic Differentiation Characteristics of Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

2.全球南方自主现代化的经济分化特征

As a specific socioeconomic category, the Global South is the result of economic differentiation under the mode of capitalist production and a product of economic globalization. The criterion for judging the Global South is whether modernization has been completed. Since modern times, the economic differentiation caused by the capitalist mode of production has replaced the differentiation between agricultural and nomadic modes of production and the agricultural and nomadic civilizations they determined in the pre-capitalist period, creating significant differences in the modernization development of the Global North and South. The developed countries of the North took the lead in achieving industrialization and modernization transformation, while the Global South became a condition for maintaining the capitalist mode of production, with its modernization development severely lagging behind. The differences in modernization development caused by the capitalist mode of production are the root of the distinction between the Global South and North, dividing them in terms of international political economy rather than geographical regions. Capital, as the root of the capitalist mode of production, “is a definite, social, belonging to a definite historical social formation relation of production” and “subordinates all elements of society to itself, or creates out of society the organs it still lacks,” which leads to the capital logic centered on capital valorization and its modernity comprehensively dominating modern society and constraining the modernization development of the Global South.

全球南方作为特定的经济社会范畴，是资本主义生产方式作用下世界经济分化的结果，是经济全球化的产物。判断全球南方的标准在于是否完成现代化。近代以来，资本主义生产方式导致的经济分化，取代了前资本主义时期农业生产方式和游牧生产方式及其决定的农业文明和游牧文明的分化，使全球南北方的现代化发展存在显著差异。北方发达国家率先实现了工业化和现代化转型，而全球南方则成为维持资本主义生产方式的条件，其现代化发展严重滞后。资本主义生产方式导致的现代化发展差异，是全球南北方相区分的根源，从国际政治经济意义上而非地理区域意义上划分了全球南北方。作为资本主义生产方式根源的资本，“是一定的、社会的、属于一定历史社会形态的生产关系”,并且“使社会的一切要素从属于自己，或者把自己还缺乏的器官从社会中创造出来”,这导致以资本增殖为核心的资本逻辑及其现代性全面宰制了现代社会并制约了全球南方的现代化发展。

Specifically, the modernization of the Global South has long been squeezed by the production of surplus value under capitalism, forcing the Global South to choose dependent development and lose its right to self-determination in development. The risks and consequences of modernization show a trend of globalization. The economic freedom advocated by neoliberalism has further widened the structural gap between the Global South and North, causing the Global South to bear the consequences of neoliberal global expansion, forming a structural contradiction between the Global South and North, leading the Global South into the trap of premature deindustrialization and facing difficulties such as underdevelopment, massive debt, and widespread poverty. At the same time, deglobalization has significantly reduced the international public goods available to the Global South, while the corresponding transfer of transnational economic risks from globalization has markedly intensified. Currently, “economic globalization has encountered setbacks, protectionism and inward-looking tendencies are on the rise, and the multilateral trading system has been impacted.” [1]1 Quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2017. World economic differentiation has further widened the gap between the Global South and North, especially reflected in the development gap, technology gap, and digital gap. To resolve the economic differentiation predicament of autonomous modernization of the Global South, it is necessary to further break through the limits of dependent economic development constrained by neoliberalism, adhere to the principle that “international rules should be written by all countries together, global affairs should be governed by all countries together, and development achievements should be shared by all countries together,” [2]2 Quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the opening ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2021. and establish a modernization cooperation mechanism and development model based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits.

具体而言，全球南方现代化长期深受资本主义剩余价值生产的压榨，迫使全球南方选择依附型发展而丧失了发展自决权。现代化的风险和后果呈现出一种全球化的趋势，新自由主义倡导的经济自由进一步扩大了全球南北方的结构性差距，使全球南方承担了新自由主义全球扩张的恶果、形成了全球南北方的结构性矛盾，导致全球南方陷入过早去工业化的陷阱，并面临不发达、巨额债务、普遍贫困等困境。同时，逆全球化使全球南方所获得的国际公共产品大幅减少，而相应的全球化跨国经济风险转嫁却显著加剧。当前，“经济全球化出现波折，保护主义、内顾倾向抬头，多边贸易体制受到冲击”。世界经济分化进一步扩大了全球南北方的鸿沟，尤其是体现在发展鸿沟、技术鸿沟和数字鸿沟等方面。消解全球南方自主现代化的经济分化困境，要进一步突破新自由主义制约下的依附型经济发展极限，坚持“国际规则应该由各国共同书写，全球事务应该由各国共同治理，发展成果应该由各国共同分享”,建立共商共建共享的现代化合作机制和发展模式。

3. The Political Differentiation Characteristics of Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

3.全球南方自主现代化的政治分化特征

The decolonization movement after World War II transformed the Global South from an economic category resulting from economic differentiation into a political category resisting the Global North and its hegemonic system, representing a political force in a dominated position within the global political structure that collectively resists neoliberalism and its global hegemony. In terms of causes, the “center-periphery” type of Western modernization weakened the subject status of the Global South in modernization; the closed and exclusive nature of the existing international order intensified confrontation between the Global South and North; the complexity and diversity of the modernization interests of the Global South limited its modernization coordination mechanisms and weakened its modernization governance capacity. These factors together led to the political differentiation of autonomous modernization of the Global South, placing the Global South in a weak position in the distribution of institutional power over modernization. At the same time, the political differentiation between the Global South and North in the modernization process also stems from civilizational differences, because Western capitalist civilization, through spatial expansion, “unites all local small markets into a world market” and forces other regions to “adopt the bourgeois mode of production” and “compels them to introduce what it calls civilization among themselves,” [3]3 Paraphrase of Marx and Engels, *The Communist Manifesto*. thereby forcibly exporting Western capitalist civilization from a regional civilization into a world civilization, forming a single civilizational order centered on Western capitalist civilization, “making barbarian and semi-barbarian countries dependent on civilized ones, making peasant nations dependent on bourgeois nations, making the East dependent on the West,” [4]4 Paraphrase of Marx and Engels, *The Communist Manifesto*. leading to opposition, contradiction, and conflict between the dominant Western capitalist civilization and other dominated civilizations. This civilizational contradiction and conflict have led to significant differences between the Global South and North in modern politics, and have also formed the political prejudice and arrogance of Northern countries toward the Global South. “History and reality both show that arrogance and prejudice are the greatest obstacles to exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.” [5]5 Quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the UNESCO Headquarters, 2014. Northern countries hold the power to formulate and set the discourse of modernization institutional norms, constraining the modernization development of the Global South and causing the Global South to face problems such as unfair economic development and lagging social development. Therefore, under the conditions of economic globalization, the Global South, which has differential political and economic relations with Northern countries and is underdeveloped, places greater emphasis on moving toward political self-awareness, self-reliance and self-strengthening, and unity and cooperation in global geopolitical relations.

第二次世界大战后的去殖民化运动使全球南方从作为经济分化结果的经济范畴，转变为反抗全球北方及其霸权体系的政治范畴，代表了在全球政治结构中处于被统治地位并集体反抗新自由主义及其全球霸权的政治力量。从原因上看，“中心—边缘”式的西方现代化弱化了全球南方在现代化中的主体地位，既有国际秩序的封闭性、排他性加剧了全球南北方的对抗，全球南方现代化利益的复杂多样性限制了其现代化协同机制、弱化了其现代化治理能力，这些因素共同导致了全球南方自主现代化的政治分化，使全球南方在现代化的制度性权力分配中处于弱势地位。同时，全球南北方在现代化进程中的政治分化还源于文明上的差异性，因为西方资本主义文明通过空间扩张“把所有地方性的小市场联合成为一个世界市场”,并迫使其他地区“采用资产阶级的生产方式”“迫使它们在自己那里推行所谓的文明”,从而把西方资本主义文明从地域性文明强势输出为世界性文明，形成以西方资本主义文明为核心的单一文明秩序，“使未开化和半开化的国家从属于文明的国家，使农民的民族从属于资产阶级的民族，使东方从属于西方”,导致处于支配地位的西方资本主义文明和处于被支配地位的其他文明产生对立性、矛盾性和冲突性。这种文明上的矛盾冲突导致了全球南北方在现代政治上的较大差别，也形成了北方国家对于全球南方的政治偏见和傲慢。“历史和现实都表明，傲慢和偏见是文明交流互鉴的最大障碍。”北方国家掌握着现代化制度规范的制定权和话语权，制约了全球南方的现代化发展，导致全球南方面临经济发展不公平、社会发展滞后等问题。因此，在经济全球化条件下，与北方国家政治经济关系具有差异性且不发达的全球南方，更加强调在全球性地缘政治关系中走向政治自觉、自立自强和团结合作。

The autonomous modernization of the Global South must achieve a reshaping of political forces. The Global South, as a designation with political significance, represents a community of interests in the post-colonial world order that seeks to move beyond the colonial world order. It reflects a subjective political consciousness among different nations that arises from resisting the negative impacts of economic globalization. In opposing the hegemony of Northern countries, it manifests as a collective similarity in attitudes and positions, and in jointly opposing imperialism, colonialism, and hegemonism, it typically takes unified action. The reason the Global South lags behind is not merely its lack of development resources; the key lies in the unfairness of the global governance system and multilateral mechanisms. At the same time, the Global South must strengthen the construction of a modern state and the building of modern political institutions, raise the level of political institutionalization, and properly balance the relationship between modern state capacity, the rule of law in modernization, and accountable government.

全球南方自主现代化要实现政治力量重塑。全球南方作为一个具有政治意义的称谓，代表了迈向后殖民世界秩序的后殖民世界利益共同体，反映了一种反抗经济全球化负面影响而产生的不同民族间的主体性政治意识，在反抗北方国家霸权时表现为集体性的相似态度和立场，在共同反对帝国主义、反对殖民主义、反对霸权主义中通常采取一致性行动。全球南方之所以落后，不仅仅是因为它们缺少发展资源，关键在于全球治理体系和多边机制不公平。同时，全球南方必须加强现代化国家建构和现代化政治制度建设，提升政治制度化水平，平衡好现代化国家能力、现代化法治和责任制政府之间的关系。

First, the Global South must enhance its subjective identification with modernization, adhere to the political foundation of independence and self-reliance, support each other in taking modernization paths suited to their national conditions, pursue an autonomous order and practical path of modernization, and achieve political autonomy in modernization. Second, in the process of modernization, the Global South must break free from traditional non-democratic politics, cast off the Western democratic discourse shaped by capitalism and its values, and construct democratic concepts and institutions for the autonomous modernization of the Global South. Finally, the Global South must transform the hierarchical order of world modernization dominated by the West, uphold the global governance concept of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system, continuously enhance its right to speak in world modernization, jointly build multilateral modernization mechanisms, shed its subordinate status in the international political system of Western modernization, and gain more subjective and independent institutional power in modernization.

首先，全球南方要增强对于现代化的主体性认同，坚持独立自主的政治底色，支持彼此走符合本国国情的现代化道路，追求自主的现代化秩序和实践路径，实现现代化的政治自主性。其次，全球南方要在现代化进程中摆脱传统非民主政治，摆脱资本主义及其价值观塑造的西方民主话语，建构全球南方自主现代化的民主观念和制度。最后，全球南方要变革西方主导的世界现代化等级秩序，坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，不断增强在世界现代化中的话语权，共建多边现代化机制，摆脱对于西方现代化国际政治体系的附庸地位，获得更具主体性、独立性的现代化制度权力。

4. Characteristics of Cultural Differentiation in the Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

4.全球南方自主现代化的文化分化特征

Differences in cultural narratives of modernization between the Global South and North. Beyond being an economic and political category, the Global South also represents a cultural category constructed through social culture. Through this cultural category, the Global South establishes its identity. Western modernization theory provides the theoretical foundation for Northern countries and their modernization, while the theoretical foundation for the Global South and its modernization is built on theories such as world-systems theory, dependency theory, and the theory of late-development advantage. This determines the differences in cultural narratives of modernization between the Global South and North. The root of these differences in modernization cultural narratives between the Global South and North lies in the global economic inequality caused by the capitalist mode of production. At the same time, there exists a cultural narrative of modernization in the Global South based on the identity group of the poor. The Global South marks the shared circumstances and identity of the world's poor groups on the periphery of neoliberal globalization, representing the bearers of the harmful consequences of capitalist modernization and the oppressed within the power system of capitalist modernization. It is a symbol of resistance and a global discourse of the victims of capitalist modernization against neoliberalism.

全球南北方关于现代化的文化叙事差异。全球南方除了作为经济范畴和政治范畴，还代表了作为社会文化建构的文化范畴。通过文化范畴，全球南方建立了身份认同。西方现代化理论为北方国家及其现代化奠定了理论基础，而全球南方及其现代化的理论基础则建立在世界体系理论、依附理论和后发优势理论等理论之上，这决定了全球南北方关于现代化的文化叙事差异。这种全球南北方的现代化文化叙事差异，根源在于资本主义生产方式导致的世界经济不平等。同时，还存在基于贫困身份群体的全球南方现代化文化叙事。全球南方标志着世界贫困群体在新自由主义全球化边缘的共同境遇及身份认同，代表了资本主义现代化恶果的承担者及资本主义现代化权力体系的被压迫者，是资本主义现代化受害者对新自由主义的反抗符号和全球话语。

The orientation of cultural narratives in the autonomous modernization of the Global South. The cultural narrative of modernization is not fixed but has an open character, because "the present society is no solid crystal, but an organism capable of change and constantly in the process of change,"[n] which provides the possibility for constructing a cultural narrative of modernization distinct from the logic of capital. To construct the cultural narrative and civilizational order of the autonomous modernization of the Global South, it is necessary to abandon "the Western old path of modernization centered on capital, modernization characterized by polarization, modernization swollen with materialism, and modernization involving external expansion and plunder."[n] There is no one-size-fits-all development model in the world. The Global South needs to break the Western-centric tendency in modernization, dissolve the elements of "center," "model," and "colonialism," construct a theoretical system of modernization that is non-imperialist, non-colonialist, and non-capitalist, and build a more open and inclusive self-narrative of modernization. The Global South must use autonomous modernization to bridge the gap between world modernization and its own national cultures, grasp the differences in modernization, and effectively respond to the challenges that compressed modernity poses to its own cultural concepts within the compressed time and space and compressed process of modernization. To achieve the cultural turn in the autonomous modernization of the Global South, it is necessary to guard against both the universal acceptance of Western modernization principles and the obsession with the particularities of one's own modernization, to break through the binary opposition between the general and the particular in modernization, and to find a more inclusive and autonomous cultural narrative model for the modernization of the Global South by referencing existing modernizations.

全球南方自主现代化的文化叙事取向。现代化的文化叙事并没有被固化，而是具有开放性特征，因为“现在的社会不是坚实的结晶体，而是一个能够变化并且经常处于变化过程中的有机体”,这为建构区别于资本逻辑的现代化文化叙事提供了可能性。构建全球南方自主现代化的文化叙事和文明秩序，需要摒弃“西方以资本为中心的现代化、两极分化的现代化、物质主义膨胀的现代化、对外扩张掠夺的现代化老路”。世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，全球南方需要打破现代化的西方中心主义倾向，消解“中心”“典型”和“殖民”色彩，构建非帝国主义、非殖民主义、非资本主义的现代化理论体系，建构更加开放、包容的自我现代化叙事。全球南方要以自主现代化弥合世界现代化与本国文化之间的鸿沟，把握现代化的差异性，在现代化压缩时空和压缩进程中有效应对压缩现代性对本国文化观念的挑战。实现全球南方自主现代化的文化转向，既要防止对西方现代化原则的普遍接受，又要防止对本国现代化特殊性的偏执，突破现代化一般与个别的二元对立，在参考既有现代化中找到更加包容自主的全球南方现代化文化叙事模式。

III. The Internal Logic of the Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

三、全球南方自主现代化的内在逻辑

The Global South's understanding of modernization has deepened gradually with the development of the times, possessing a profound internal logic. The autonomous modernization of the Global South scientifically reveals the laws of modernization development, embodies the value pursuit of fairness, justice, and common development, and represents an organic unity of conformity with laws and conformity with purposes, of diachronic and synchronic dimensions, and of autonomy and commonality.

全球南方对现代化的认识是随着时代发展而逐步深化的，具有深刻的内在逻辑。全球南方自主现代化科学揭示了现代化发展规律，体现了公道正义、共同发展的价值追求，是合规律性与合目的性、历时性与共时性、自主性与共同性的有机统一。

1. The Autonomous Modernization of the Global South is an Organic Unity of Conformity with Laws and Conformity with Purposes

1.全球南方自主现代化是合规律性与合目的性的有机统一

Elucidating the scientific laws of the autonomous modernization of the Global South through conformity with laws. First, scientifically understand the core issues of the autonomous modernization of the Global South. Since modern times, the process of Western modernization has created world-historical problems such as colonial dependency-based inequality, widening development gaps, and systemic contradictions. The history of world modernization dominated by capitalism "is only the history of the modern productive forces rebelling against the modern conditions of production, against the property relations that are the conditions of existence of the bourgeoisie and of its rule."[n] The Global South must master the productive forces of modernization and break the privileges of capitalist modernization. As the deconstructor of the old order of modernization and the constructor of a new order of modernization, the Global South is a structural force of resistance against hierarchical Western modernization. Its autonomous modernization must eliminate the existing model of modernization characterized by exploitation and marginalization. The inequality in development between the North and South and the accelerated development of the South are central issues commonly faced by the Global South. The autonomous modernization of the Global South must aim to change the unequal economic structure between the Global South and North. The core issues of the autonomous modernization of the Global South are to achieve modernization based on industrialization and national sovereignty based on independence and self-reliance,[n] breaking free from the predicament of being dominated by unequal capitalist modernization. Second, scientifically grasp the development requirements of the autonomous modernization of the Global South. "Modernization is not the 'patent' of a few countries, nor is it a 'single-choice question' of either this or that; it cannot be reduced to simple uniformity or 'copy and paste.'"[n] As a product of the modernization process, the Global South must pay more attention to the diversity of development, clarify the disputes within specific development types and between different development types in the course of modernization development, and find feasible modernization plans that are truly distinct from Western modernization. Specifically, the autonomous modernization of the Global South must eliminate the harmful consequences of capitalist modernization and neoliberal expansion, eliminate the domination of the Global South by Northern countries in international trade and political fields, eliminate the inequality caused by the international trade model dominated by Northern countries and its related agreements, and resolve the contradictions between the Global South and North in modernization. The autonomous modernization of the Global South must continuously summarize the practical experience of struggles for modernization power and interests, establish regional and global organizational mechanisms that align with the modernization interests of the Global South, and condense new systems and new knowledge for the autonomous modernization of the Global South, thereby achieving a more just and equitable modernization of the Global South.

以合规律性阐明全球南方自主现代化的科学规律。第一，科学认识全球南方自主现代化的核心议题。近代以来，西方现代化进程造成了殖民依附式不平等、发展差距扩大、系统性矛盾等世界历史难题。资本主义主导的世界现代化历史，“只不过是现代生产力反抗现代生产关系、反抗作为资产阶级及其统治的存在条件的所有制关系的历史”,全球南方必须掌握现代化生产力、打破资本主义现代化特权。全球南方作为现代化旧秩序的解构者和现代化新秩序的建构者，是对等级制的西方现代化的结构性反抗力量，其自主现代化要消除被剥削、被边缘化的既有现代化模式。南北发展不平等和南方加快发展是全球南方共同面对的中心问题，全球南方自主现代化要以改变全球南北方不平等的经济结构为目标。全球南方自主现代化的核心议题，是实现建立在工业化基础上的现代化和建立在独立自主基础上的国家主权地位,突破受不平等的资本主义现代化宰制的困境。第二，科学把握全球南方自主现代化的发展要求。“现代化不是少数国家的‘专利品’,也不是非此即彼的‘单选题’,不能搞简单的千篇一律、‘复制粘贴’。”全球南方作为现代化进程的产物，要更加关注发展多样性，在现代化发展中厘清特定发展类型内的争议、不同发展类型之间的争议，找到真正区别于西方现代化的可行性现代化方案。具体而言，全球南方自主现代化要消除资本主义现代化和新自由主义扩张的恶果，消除北方国家在国际贸易和政治领域对于全球南方的主宰、消除北方国家主导的国际贸易模式及其相关协议导致的不平等，化解现代化的全球南北方矛盾。全球南方自主现代化要不断总结争取现代化权力和利益的实践斗争经验，建立符合全球南方现代化利益的地区性和全球性组织机制，凝练全球南方自主现代化新制度和新知识，从而实现更加公平正义的全球南方现代化。

To elucidate the intrinsic value of the autonomous modernization of the Global South through its purposiveness. First, with fairness and justice as the core values. We must adhere to the people-centered principle and highlight the people-oriented nature of the modernization direction. The autonomous modernization of the Global South should both promote sustainable economic development and construct a just and reasonable international political order. The Global South must reshape its position in world modernization, foster international solidarity, assume mutual responsibilities, and achieve the goals of equality, freedom, and reciprocity through new power structures and ethical governance of subjectivity, thereby re-examining and reconstructing the knowledge system and moral foundations of world modernization. The autonomous modernization of the Global South is built on the foundation of modernization demands that resist global colonialism and imperialism. It establishes the Global South’s position in world modernization by resolving the conflict between capitalist global hegemony and the Global South’s anti-hegemony, creating a more fair and just power relations and rules for world modernization, and helping to shape a more appropriate and reasonable narrative of world modernization. For example, launching the ten partnership actions for China and Africa to jointly advance modernization [11]11 The ten partnership actions for China and Africa to jointly advance modernization were proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping at the 2024 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), covering areas such as trade, infrastructure, and green development. leads the modernization of the Global South, establishing fair trade organizations, setting up global funds that meet the development needs of the Global South, creating more democratic global decision-making bodies, and ultimately building a fairer and more sustainable world modernization order. Second, with common development as the fundamental goal. Currently, “world peace and development still face severe challenges, and the road to revitalization for the ‘Global South’ will certainly not be smooth.” [12]12 Source: Xi Jinping’s speech at the BRICS Plus High-Level Dialogue, 2023. Global governance structures and mechanisms face long-term difficulties in transformation, and centers of production, economic growth, and capital accumulation all confront the challenge of global relocation. There is an urgent need to restore the stability of the global system and reform the unreasonable international political and economic order. Amid the “southward shift” of the global order, “the ‘Global South’ should join hands and advance together with a more open and inclusive attitude, walking at the forefront of promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.” [13]13 Source: Xi Jinping’s remarks at the BRICS Plus High-Level Dialogue, 2023. The Global South needs to eliminate the negative externalities of capitalist modernization, carry out fundamental changes to the world modernization system, and effectively coordinate the material structural differences and ideological structural differences between the Global North and South, as well as within the Global South itself, in the process of world modernization, ultimately achieving the modernization goal of common development.

以合目的性阐明全球南方自主现代化的内在价值。第一，以公平正义为核心价值。我们要坚守人民至上理念，突出现代化方向的人民性。全球南方自主现代化要既促进可持续的经济发展，又构建公正合理的国际政治秩序。全球南方要重塑其在世界现代化中的定位，促进国际团结、承担相互间责任，通过新的权力结构和主体性的伦理治理达成平等、自由和互惠的目标，重新审视和构建世界现代化的知识体系和道德基础。全球南方自主现代化建立在反抗全球殖民主义和帝国主义的现代化诉求基础上，在解决资本主义全球霸权和全球南方反霸权的冲突中确立全球南方在世界现代化中的地位，建立更加公平正义的世界现代化权力关系和规则，助力塑造更适当更合理的世界现代化叙事。例如，开展中非携手推进现代化十大伙伴行动引领全球南方现代化，建立公平贸易组织、建立符合全球南方发展需求的全球基金、建立更民主的全球决策机构，最终构建更公平和可持续的世界现代化秩序。第二，以共同发展为根本目标。当前，“世界和平和发展仍面临严峻挑战，‘全球南方’振兴之路注定不会平坦”。世界治理结构和机制面临长期变革困境，生产中心、经济增长中心和资本积累中心都面临全球转移难题，亟须恢复全球系统的稳定性、变革不合理的国际政治经济秩序。在全球秩序“南下”的情况下，“‘全球南方’应当以更加开放包容的姿态携手共进，走在推动构建人类命运共同体的前列”。全球南方需要消除资本主义现代化的负外部性效应，对世界现代化体系进行根本性变革，有效协调世界现代化进程中全球南北方之间以及全球南方内部的物质形态结构差异和意识形态结构差异，最终实现共同发展的现代化目标。

2. The autonomous modernization of the Global South is an organic unity of diachronic and synchronic dimensions

2.全球南方自主现代化是历时性与共时性的有机统一

Grasping the diachronic logic of the autonomous modernization of the Global South amid change and continuity. The Global South has undergone a process of development from colonization, post-war decolonization, forced involvement in the Cold War, to joining economic globalization after the Cold War. The Global South’s understanding of modernization has deepened gradually with the passage of time. The Western modernization process once brought profound suffering to the vast number of developing countries. In the course of modernization, the Global South has deeply recognized the limitations of Western modernization: Western developed countries neither practiced the principles of modernization nor fully shared the fruits of modernization. As the Global South’s international influence grows, its willingness to cooperate expands, and its voice gradually rises, world modernization faces a new turn toward the Global South. The Global South has moved from being initially forced into Western modernization, to criticizing and resisting Western modernization, and then to positively shaping autonomous modernization. “The ‘Global South’ rises for development and thrives because of development.” [14]14 Source: Xi Jinping’s speech at the BRICS Plus High-Level Dialogue, 2023. Currently, the Global South must firmly grasp the issue of development, safeguard development rights and interests, continuously enhance the momentum of modernization development, and improve the mechanisms and platforms for modernization. As the modernization process advances, the Global South must gradually highlight the people-oriented nature of the modernization direction, explore the diversity of modernization paths, maintain the continuity of the modernization process, enhance the inclusiveness of modernization achievements, ensure the steadfastness of modernization leadership, and gradually move from passive and selective exploration of modernization to active and innovative exploration, from catching up with Western modernization to leading world modernization development, from limited modernization to comprehensive modernization, and from practical exploration of modernization to theoretical construction of modernization.

在变与不变中把握全球南方自主现代化的历时性逻辑。全球南方经历了从被殖民化、战后去殖民化、被迫卷入冷战以及冷战后加入经济全球化的发展过程，全球南方对现代化的认识是随着时代发展而逐步深化的。西方现代化进程曾给广大发展中国家带来了深重苦难。在现代化进程中，全球南方深刻认识到西方现代化的局限性，西方发达国家既没有践行现代化的原则，也没有充分分享现代化的成果。随着全球南方的国际影响力日益增强、合作意愿日益扩大、话语权逐步提升，世界现代化面临着向全球南方的新转向，全球南方从最初被迫卷入西方现代化，到批判反抗西方现代化，再到正向塑造自主现代化。“‘全球南方’为发展而起，因发展而兴。”当前，全球南方要牢牢抓住发展问题、保障发展权益，不断提升现代化发展动能、完善现代化发展机制和平台。随着现代化进程推进，全球南方要逐步突出现代化方向的人民性，探索现代化道路的多样性，保持现代化进程的持续性，增强现代化成果的普惠性，确保现代化领导的坚定性,并逐步实现从被动选择性地探索现代化到主动创新性地探索现代化，从追赶西方现代化到引领世界现代化发展，从有限现代化到全面现代化，从现代化实践探索到现代化理论建构。

Grasping the synchronic logic of the autonomous modernization of the Global South amid universal interconnectedness. In the era of deep economic globalization, the rise of the Global South and its autonomous modernization are closely linked to developed countries, forming an embedded global political and economic relationship. This determines the intrinsic unity between the autonomous modernization of the Global South and world modernization. First, from the perspective of the modernization structure, it is necessary to coordinate the relationships between the modernization of the Global South, Western modernization, and world modernization. Currently, the Global South is shaping a new concept of modernization time, making previous modernization eras appear brief and localized, and preventing the Global South from being confined to a single modernization timeline. The emergence of the Global South’s modernization indicates that modernization development models are diverse and can learn from each other, and that the theory and practice of world modernization require continuous innovation. The Global South possesses independence and integrity relative to the West, and even more so, autonomy and agency as an independent political and economic force. This has altered the logic of the rise and fall of great powers within the Western world historical framework, moving modernization from Westernization to globalization. At the same time, the Global South must fully appropriate the material and civilizational achievements of Western modernization, “using the productive forces of modern industry as social property to serve the entire society—only then can these backward countries begin this shortened process of development.” [15]15 This is a paraphrase of a passage from Friedrich Engels’s “Afterword” to the 1894 edition of “Socialism: Utopian and Scientific,” discussing the possibility of backward countries skipping stages of capitalist development. The positioning of the Global South’s autonomous modernization must be grasped within the totality of world modernization. Compared to the serial development mode of Western modernization, the Global South’s modernization, through autonomous exploration, has gradually formed a parallel and coordinated modernization, placing greater emphasis on composite development. Second, from the perspective of the content of modernization, it is necessary to coordinate the vision of the Global South’s common march toward modernization. For the Global South, including China, “independence and self-reliance are our glorious tradition, development and revitalization are our natural right, and fairness and justice are our common pursuit.” [16]16 Source: Xi Jinping’s speech at the BRICS Plus High-Level Dialogue, 2023. As a diverse collective with different ideologies, located at the margins of the world, the Global South shares common aspirations regarding the development agenda, development status, and voice in modernization. Development is the core issue of the Global South’s autonomous modernization, but the key lies in choosing which modernization path to take when modernization has not yet been achieved. This requires the Global South to adhere to independence and self-reliance politically; socio-economically, on the basis of modernizing the mode of production, the Global South must break through the bottlenecks of economic modernization development, further realize the modernization of national governance and social governance, and ultimately achieve the modernization of people.

在普遍联系中把握全球南方自主现代化的共时性逻辑。在深度经济全球化时代，全球南方的崛起及其自主现代化是与发达国家密切关联的，并形成了互嵌式的全球政治经济关系，这决定了全球南方自主现代化与世界现代化的内在统一性。第一，从现代化结构看，要统筹好全球南方现代化与西方现代化、世界现代化之间的关系。当前，全球南方正在塑造一种新的现代化时间观念，使先前的现代化时代都显得短暂和地方化，使全球南方并不局限于单一的现代化时序。全球南方现代化的出场表明，现代化发展模式具有多样性且彼此可以交流互鉴，世界现代化理论与实践需要不断创新。全球南方具有相对于西方的独立性、整体性，更具有作为独立政治经济力量的自主性、能动性，改变了西方世界历史框架下的大国兴衰逻辑，使现代化从西方化走向全球化。同时，全球南方必须充分占有西方现代化的物质文明成果，“把现代工业的生产力作为社会财产来为整个社会服务的时候——只有到那个时候，这些落后的国家才能开始这种缩短的发展过程”,要在世界现代化的整体性中把握全球南方自主现代化定位。相对于西方现代化的串联式发展方式，全球南方现代化在自主探索中逐步形成了并联协同的现代化，更强调现代化的复合式发展。第二，从现代化内容看，要协调好全球南方共同迈向现代化的愿景。对于包括中国在内的全球南方而言，“独立自主是我们的光荣传统，发展振兴是我们的天然权利，公平正义是我们的共同追求”。全球南方作为具有不同意识形态、处于世界边缘、多样化的集合体，在现代化的发展议程、发展地位和发言权等方面拥有共同意愿。发展是全球南方自主现代化的核心问题，但关键是在尚未实现现代化的情况下选择何种现代化道路。这要求全球南方在政治上坚持独立自主；在社会经济上，全球南方要在生产方式现代化的基础上，突破经济现代化发展的瓶颈，进一步实现国家治理现代化和社会治理现代化，最终实现人的现代化。

3. The autonomous modernization of the Global South is an organic unity of autonomy and commonality

3.全球南方自主现代化是自主性和共同性的有机统一

Grasping the autonomy of the autonomous modernization of the Global South through independent exploration. “We must uphold the principle of independence and self-reliance and explore the diversity of modernization paths.” [17]17 Source: Xi Jinping’s speech at the BRICS Plus High-Level Dialogue, 2023. Independence and self-reliance are important principles for the autonomous modernization of the Global South. This has both historical reasons—the Global South’s liberation from imperialist and colonial oppression and its exploration of modernization development paths suited to its own realities—and contemporary reasons—opposing hegemonism and power politics and striving for independent sovereignty. The autonomy of the Global South’s autonomous modernization is built on the foundation of a new international order of decolonization. It enables the Global South to represent a driving force resisting the negative aspects of capitalism, transforming the Global South from “rebels within the system” into “prudent integrators” and “active agents,” gradually moving from a state of victimization at the periphery of the capitalist world system toward autonomous exploration and active construction of modernization. With the collective rise of the Global South, it has gradually changed the long-standing “center-periphery” dependent development pattern. On the basis of further exploring local modernization resources and knowledge, and based on its own historical traditions and actual conditions, the Global South explores autonomous modernization development paths, making world modernization theory more characterized by the locality and diversity of the Global South. The modernization of the Global South must achieve strategic autonomy: in the short term, not taking sides or engaging in great-power competition; in the long term, actively promoting reform of the global governance system, truly becoming the historical subject of the modernization process, the power subject of modernization rules, the practical subject of modernization paths, and the value subject of modernization goals, thereby realizing the autonomous development of modernization.

在独立探索中把握全球南方自主现代化的自主性。“我们要秉持独立自主原则，探索现代化道路的多样性。”独立自主是全球南方自主现代化的重要原则，这既有全球南方摆脱帝国主义和殖民主义压迫、探索契合自身实际的现代化发展道路的历史原因，又有反对霸权主义和强权政治、争取独立主权的现实原因。全球南方自主现代化的自主性，建立在去殖民化的国际新秩序基础上，使全球南方代表了一种抵抗资本主义负面性的原动力，使全球南方从“体系内的反抗者”转变为“审时度势的融入者”和“积极的能动者”,从资本主义世界体系的边缘受害状况逐步走向对现代化的自主探索和积极建设。随着全球南方的群体性崛起，全球南方逐步改变了长期以来的“中心—边缘”式依附型发展格局，在进一步发掘本土现代化资源和知识的基础上，基于自身历史传统和实际情况探索自主的现代化发展道路，使世界现代化理论更具全球南方的本土性、多元性特征。全球南方现代化必须实现战略自主，在短期不选边站队、大国竞争，在长期积极推动全球治理体系改革，真正成为现代化过程的历史主体、现代化规则的权力主体、现代化路径的实践主体和现代化目标的价值主体，从而实现现代化的自主发展。

Grasping the commonality of the autonomous modernization of the Global South through win-win cooperation. The Global South represents the collective identity of a group-based rise, yet differences exist among countries in terms of the economic interests and political systems of modernization. However, “no country can alone address the many challenges facing mankind; nor can any country return to the isolated island of self-seclusion.” [n18] This requires the Global South to maintain commonality in the modernization process, jointly constructing a modern power order and institutional-normative order with aligned interests, moving from marginal resistance to Western modernity toward a systematic reshaping of the autonomous modernization of the Global South. The “global” character of the Global South means that, against the backdrop of economic globalization, the mutual connections of the Global South are enhanced and its overall coherence strengthened; the “southern” character of the Global South means a “southward” trend in world modernization and an expansion of the Global South’s political and economic influence. These factors lay a solid foundation for the Global South to move toward modernization together. In the process of the Global South’s joint march toward modernization, it is necessary to overcome the contradiction between safeguarding the common interests of Global South modernization and satisfying the diverse demands of Global South modernization, and to co-consult, co-build, and share mechanisms and platforms for modernization according to the needs of the autonomous modernization of the Global South. Concretely, from a short-term perspective, the Global South’s joint march toward modernization requires building an inclusive environment for modernization development, reducing mutual trade and investment barriers, and establishing more equal partnerships in areas such as investment, technology, and culture. From a long-term perspective, the global governance system increasingly shows a trend of “the South rising and the North falling,” which provides an important foundation for the common development of Global South modernization. The Global South needs to set development as the core agenda of the modernization process, strengthen cross-regional and global cooperation among Global South economies, enhance the voice of the Global South in the world’s modernization governance system, and construct new rules and institutions for modernization that reflect the common interests of the Global South.

在合作共赢中把握全球南方自主现代化的共同性。全球南方代表了群体性崛起的集体身份，但是在现代化经济利益和政治制度等方面国家间存在差异。然而，“没有哪个国家能够独自应对人类面临的各种挑战，也没有哪个国家能够退回到自我封闭的孤岛”。这要求全球南方在现代化进程中保持共同性，共同构建具有利益一致性的现代化权力秩序、制度规范秩序，从对西方现代化的边缘性反抗走向对全球南方自主现代化的系统性重塑。全球南方的“全球”特征意味着在经济全球化背景下全球南方的相互联系增进、整体性增强，全球南方的“南方”特征意味着世界现代化的“南下”趋势、全球南方的政治经济影响力扩大，这给全球南方共同迈向现代化奠定了坚实基础。在全球南方共同迈向现代化的过程中，要克服维护全球南方现代化共同利益与满足全球南方现代化多样性诉求之间的矛盾，根据全球南方自主现代化的需求共商、共建、共享现代化机制平台。具体而言，从短时段看，全球南方共同迈向现代化，需要共建具有包容性的现代化发展环境，减少相互之间的贸易投资壁垒，在投资、技术、文化等领域建立更加平等的伙伴关系。从长时段看，全球治理体系越发呈现出“南升北降”的趋势，这给全球南方现代化的共同发展提供了重要基础，全球南方需要将发展设置为现代化进程的核心议题，加强全球南方经济体的跨区域、全球化合作，提升全球南方在世界现代化治理体系中的话语权，构建反映全球南方共同利益的现代化新规则和新制度。

IV. The Development Path of the Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

四、全球南方自主现代化的发展路向

The autonomous modernization of the Global South possesses the political foundation of independence and self-determination, the historical mission of development and revitalization, and the common proposition of fairness and justice. To realize the autonomous modernization of the Global South, it is necessary to adhere to a multilateralist modernization stance, jointly build a theoretical narrative for the autonomous modernization of the Global South, use the autonomous modernization of the Global South to construct a new form of world modernization, and contribute the wisdom of the Global South to world modernization.

全球南方自主现代化具有独立自主的现代化政治底色、发展振兴的现代化历史使命、公道正义的现代化共同主张。实现全球南方自主现代化，必须坚持多边主义现代化立场，共建全球南方自主现代化的理论叙事，以全球南方自主现代化构建世界现代化新形态，为世界现代化贡献全球南方智慧。

1. Adhering to the Multilateralist Stance of the Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

1.坚持全球南方自主现代化的多边主义立场

The foundation of the autonomous modernization of the Global South’s adherence to multilateralism. “Looking around the world, the ‘Global South’ is growing prominently and playing a pivotal role in advancing human progress.” [n19] This consolidates the foundation for the autonomous modernization of the Global South to adhere to multilateralism. The Global South represents a more interconnected international social relationship against the backdrop of economic globalization, characterized by a shared socio-economic marginal position, joint construction of multilateral alliances, and collective participation in resistance practices against global hegemonic forces. The continuously rising comprehensive strength of the Global South makes it an active participant in building world order and advancing the course of human history, a core driving force of world economic growth, a new strategic resource in global politics, and a main force reshaping the new world pattern. It is an important participant in international geopolitical games and holds significant value in addressing global challenges such as geopolitical conflicts and economic recessions. For example, in addressing geopolitical conflicts, “China and Brazil, together with other ‘Global South’ countries, initiated the ‘Group of Friends for Peace’ on the Ukraine crisis, aiming to gather more voices committed to peace.” [n20] In key international issues such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the Palestine-Israel conflict, the Global South has demonstrated its important value as an independent force, advocating for the resolution of disputes and conflicts through dialogue and negotiation, based on international law and humanitarian principles. In promoting global economic development, the Global South has provided new growth points in global industrial, supply, and value chains, offering a major internal driving force for world economic development; international organizations of the Global South, such as the BRICS mechanism and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, focus on global issues like development and play a constructive role.

全球南方自主现代化坚持多边主义的基础。“环顾世界，‘全球南方’声势卓然壮大，为推动人类进步发挥了举足轻重的作用”,这夯实了全球南方自主现代化坚持多边主义的基础。全球南方代表了一种在经济全球化背景下关联性更强的国际社会关系，共同处于社会经济边缘性地位、共同构建多边联盟以及共同参与对全球霸权力量的抵抗实践。全球南方综合实力不断提升，是构建世界秩序和推进人类历史进程的积极参与者，是世界经济增长的核心动力、全球政治中新的战略资源以及重塑世界新格局的主要力量，是国际地缘政治博弈的重要参与方，在应对地缘政治冲突、经济衰退等全球性挑战中具有重要价值。例如，就解决地缘政治冲突而言，“中国和巴西会同有关‘全球南方’国家发起了乌克兰危机‘和平之友’小组，旨在汇集更多致力于和平的声音”。在俄乌冲突、巴以冲突等关键性国际议题中，全球南方彰显了作为独立力量的重要价值，主张通过对话谈判的方式、以国际法和人道主义原则解决争端冲突。就促进全球经济发展而言，全球南方在全球产业链、供应链和价值链中提供了新的经济增长点，为世界经济发展提供了主要内驱力；金砖机制、上海合作组织等全球南方国际组织聚焦发展等全球性议题，发挥着建设性作用。

The path of the autonomous modernization of the Global South’s adherence to multilateralism. The autonomous modernization of the Global South is characterized by the complexity of problems, the diversity of paths, and the importance of cooperation, requiring effective resolution of unfair and unreasonable issues in world modernization development. Therefore, it is necessary to practice the core concept of multilateralism according to global governance initiatives and take the path of multilateralist modernization. “The core concept of the current international system and international order is multilateralism.” [n21] Addressing various global issues must adhere to multilateralism and take the path of solidarity and cooperation, reflecting the Global South’s value pursuit of fairness in modernization. Adhering to the multilateralist stance of the autonomous modernization of the Global South requires attention to the shift in geopolitical power relations represented by the Global South, insisting on providing important experience for world modernization development through diverse global practices, and building a multilateralist modernization that is independent, development-oriented, revitalizing, fair, and just. Concretely, it is necessary to build an open and inclusive world economic system for modernization, jointly safeguard free trade and the multilateral trading system, construct a modern international economic order through the multilateral trading system, enhance the balance and sustainability of the global economy, and better protect the interests of the Global South. It is necessary to base actions on fair and just international law, eliminate inequalities caused by neo-colonialism and neo-imperialism, resolve international disputes through dialogue, consultation, and win-win cooperation, and enhance the fairness and rationality of the modern international order. It is necessary to strengthen consultation and cooperation among Global South countries, optimize and improve the “Group of 77 + China” and the Belt and Road Initiative, [n22] turn the BRICS cooperation mechanism into a main channel for promoting solidarity and cooperation in the Global South, jointly launch the “Open Science International Cooperation Initiative,” promote the sharing of global scientific and technological innovation achievements more widely with the Global South, establish a Global South research center, launch a Global South youth leadership program, promote consensus formation, knowledge exchange, institutional strengthening, and practice sharing, and build a community with a shared future for the autonomous modernization of the Global South through co-consultation, co-building, and co-sharing.

全球南方自主现代化坚持多边主义的路径。全球南方自主现代化具有问题复杂性、道路多样性、合作重要性等特征，要求有效解决世界现代化发展中的不公平、不合理问题，因此必须根据全球治理倡议践行多边主义核心理念，走多边主义现代化道路。“现行国际体系和国际秩序的核心理念是多边主义”,应对各种全球性问题必须坚持多边主义、走团结合作之路，这反映了全球南方对现代化公正性的价值追求。坚持全球南方自主现代化的多边主义立场，必须关注全球南方所代表的地缘政治权力关系转向，坚持以多样化全球实践为世界现代化发展提供重要经验，构建独立自主、发展振兴、公道正义的多边主义现代化。具体而言，要构建开放包容的现代化世界经济体系，共同维护自由贸易和多边贸易体制，以多边贸易体制建设现代化国际经济秩序，提升全球经济的均衡性和可持续性，更好地保障全球南方利益。要以公平正义的国际法为基础，消除新殖民主义、新帝国主义导致的不平等，以对话协商和合作共赢的方式解决国际争端，提升现代化国际秩序的公正性与合理性。要加强全球南方之间的协商合作，优化完善“77国集团+中国”“一带一路”,把金砖合作机制打造成促进全球南方团结合作的主要渠道，共同发起“开放科学国际合作倡议”,推动全球科技创新成果更多惠及全球南方，设立全球南方研究中心、启动全球南方青年领军者计划，促进共识形成、知识交流、机构强化和实践分享，通过共商、共建、共享构建全球南方自主现代化的命运共同体。

2. Jointly Building the Theoretical Narrative of the Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

2.共建全球南方自主现代化的理论叙事

The necessity of jointly building the theoretical narrative of the autonomous modernization of the Global South. To jointly build the theoretical narrative of the autonomous modernization of the Global South and promote global governance reform, it is necessary to “increase the representation and voice of our country and other developing countries.” [n23] However, currently, the right to shape identity and the discourse power of the Global South are monopolized by Western developed countries, instrumentalizing the Global South and its modernization as a means to serve the interests of Western developed countries. The Global North still views the entire Global South countries and regions from a deficit perspective, believing that these countries and regions need aid, knowledge, and directional guidance. This discursive monopoly and bias highlight the unjust power relations under the historical conditions of world capitalism, narrowing the space for the Global South to autonomously construct a modernization narrative. The problem facing the Global South is no longer overcoming colonialism, but rather reincorporating colonized and marginalized voices into a world shaped by colonial modernity, and reconstructing diverse discourses of modernity. Constructing a theory of autonomous modernization for the Global South and promoting the “southern turn” of modernity is both an inherent requirement for coordinating the political conflicts of modernization between “colonization and anti-colonization” and “exploitation and anti-exploitation,” and an inevitable requirement for coordinating the economic conflicts of modernization between “developed and underdeveloped” and “early development and late development.” The modernity designed on the basis of capitalist industry is not the end of modernity; the people-centered modernity presented by the autonomous reflexive modernization of the Global South becomes a new beginning of modernity.

共建全球南方自主现代化理论叙事的必要性。共建全球南方自主现代化理论叙事，促进全球治理改革，必须“增加我国和广大发展中国家的代表性和话语权”。但是，当前全球南方的身份塑造权和话语权被西方发达国家垄断，使全球南方及其现代化被工具化为服务西方发达国家利益的手段。全球北方仍以缺陷视角看待整个全球南方国家和地区，认为这些国家和地区需要援助、知识与方向指引。这种话语垄断和偏见彰显了世界资本主义历史条件下不公正的权力关系，窄化了全球南方自主建构现代化叙事的空间。全球南方面临的问题不再是克服殖民主义，而是在殖民主义现代性所塑造的世界中重新纳入被殖民以及被边缘化的声音，重新构建多样化的现代性话语。建构全球南方自主现代化理论、促进现代性的“南方转向”,既是协调“殖民与反殖民”“剥削与反剥削”的现代化政治冲突的内在要求，又是协调“发达与欠发达”“先发展与后发展”的现代化经济冲突的必然要求。基于资本主义工业设计的现代性并非现代性的终结，全球南方自主的反思性现代化所呈现的以人为本的现代性，成为现代性的新开端。

The inherent requirement of jointly constructing a theoretical narrative for the autonomous modernization of the Global South. The modernization of the Global South possesses the characteristic of autonomous construction; it must both eliminate the resistance to shared modernization caused by internal differences within the Global South and remove the divisive resistance imposed by Northern countries in the modernization process of the Global South. Jointly constructing a theoretical narrative for the autonomous modernization of the Global South involves content such as the path of modernization development, the nature of development, development goals, and development models. It must answer the modernization dilemmas: "polarization or common prosperity? [20]20 Common prosperity (共同富裕) is a core goal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, referring to shared prosperity for all, not just a few. Material supremacy or coordinated material and cultural-ethical progress? Draining the pond to catch all the fish or harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature? Zero-sum game or win-win cooperation? Blindly copying other countries' models or pursuing independent development based on one's own national conditions?" It is necessary to conceptualize and systematically distill the general laws behind the modernization practices of the Global South, to address the relationship between the autonomous modernization of the Global South, Western modernization, and world modernization. From the perspectives of what it is, why it is, and how to achieve it, it must clarify the phenomena and root causes of unequal modernization development in the Global South, and find paths to eliminate this inequality and realize an autonomous modernization of the Global South characterized by independence, development and revitalization, and fairness and justice. As an autonomous theory of Global South modernization, it must, economically, form a fairer global division of labor system and fulfill the historical mission of modernization for development and revitalization; politically, adhere to the political底色 of independent modernization and strive for an independent international political status; ideologically, promote the common proposition of fair and just modernization and form an inclusive concept of world modernization; and in terms of goals, jointly build a community with a shared future for the autonomous modernization of the Global South.

共建全球南方自主现代化理论叙事的内在要求。全球南方现代化具有自主建构性特征，既要消除全球南方内部差异导致的共同现代化阻力，又要消除北方国家在全球南方现代化进程中施加的分化阻力。共建全球南方自主现代化的理论叙事，涉及现代化发展道路、发展性质、发展目标、发展模式等内容，要回答好“两极分化还是共同富裕?物质至上还是物质精神协调发展?竭泽而渔还是人与自然和谐共生?零和博弈还是合作共赢?照抄照搬别国模式还是立足自身国情自主发展?”的现代化难题。要概念化、系统化地凝练全球南方现代化实践背后的一般规律，回答全球南方自主现代化与西方现代化、世界现代化之间的关系，从是什么、为什么、怎么办等角度，阐明全球南方现代化发展不平等的现象及其根源，找到消除这种不平等并实现独立自主、发展振兴、公道正义的全球南方自主现代化的路径。作为一种自主性的全球南方现代化理论，要在经济上形成更加公平的全球分工体系、实现发展振兴的现代化历史使命；在政治上坚持独立自主的现代化政治底色、争取独立自主的国际政治地位；在理念上宣扬公道正义的现代化共同主张、形成包容并蓄的世界现代化观念；在目标上共建全球南方自主现代化的命运共同体。

3. Constructing a New Form of Modernization through the Autonomous Modernization of the Global South

3.以全球南方自主现代化构建现代化新形态

Manifesting the emergence of a new form of modernization. First, the autonomous modernization of the Global South enriches the paths of modernization. Since modern times, the Global South has been swept into a world modernization dominated by capitalism, leading to modernization difficulties such as limited sovereignty, economic dependency, cultural conflict, and unbalanced and inadequate development. One reason for the backwardness of the Global South lies in copying Western modernization models, which makes modernization lack relevance to the history and reality of the Global South. Modernization, as an inevitable trend of world history, is a must-choose option for the Global South, but how to achieve modernization is a choice. Modernity is "an institutional transformation originating in the West," possessing Western characteristics of "systematic capitalist production," but modernity is not a uniquely Western product, because "since the overall world culture is diverse, there are many possibilities for cultural responses to the institutions of modernity." The modernization practices of the Global South have caused a "Southern turn" in modernity. The Global South actively adapts to the development trends of the structural changes in world modernization, enhancing its adaptability to the complex and diverse world modernization amidst profound changes in the global economic structure, international political order, and technological innovation. "A world of peaceful development should carry different forms of civilization and must accommodate diverse paths toward modernization." The autonomous modernization of the Global South contributes Global South strength to world modernization development and shapes a new form of world modernization. Second, the inherent requirements of the new form of autonomous modernization of the Global South. The autonomous modernization of the Global South must both pay attention to the diversity and complexity of its own paths and critically draw on and absorb the experiences and lessons of Western modernization, balancing the differential and interactive relationship between Global South modernization and Western modernization. The relationship between tradition and modernity is a core issue for Global South modernization. The autonomous modernization of the Global South faces a "contradictory duet" of collision between tradition and modernity. It must combine modernity with classical spirit, unify socio-economic development with cultural heritage, and prevent value nihilism caused by the rupture between modernity and tradition. The Global South must distill its modernization development experience into modernization knowledge resources, achieve theoretical innovation in modernization based on Global South intellectual resources, update public knowledge products for world modernization in knowledge production, redefine a fairer right to and concept of modernization development, and reconstruct development concepts and methods for jointly advancing toward modernization.

彰显现代化新形态的出场。第一，全球南方自主现代化丰富了现代化道路。自近代以来，全球南方被裹挟进资本主义主导的世界现代化，导致主权受限、经济依附、文化冲突以及发展不平衡不充分等现代化难题。全球南方落后的原因之一，在于照搬西方现代化模式，使现代化缺乏与全球南方历史与现实的相关性。现代化作为世界历史的必然趋势，实现现代化是全球南方的必选项，但是如何实现现代化却是可选项。现代性是“一种起源于西方的制度性变革”,具有“系统性资本主义生产”的西方特征，但是现代性并非独特的西方产物，因为“既然整体的世界文化存在多样性，那么对现代性制度的文化回应就有很多种可能性”。全球南方的现代化实践使现代性呈现“南方转向”。全球南方主动适应世界现代化结构性变迁的发展态势，在全球经济结构、国际政治秩序和科技创新深度变革中，提升了对于复杂多元的世界现代化的适应性。“一个和平发展的世界应该承载不同形态的文明，必须兼容走向现代化的多样道路。”全球南方自主现代化为世界现代化发展贡献了全球南方力量，塑造了世界现代化新形态。第二，全球南方自主现代化新形态的内在要求。全球南方自主现代化既要关注自身道路的多样性、复杂性特征，又要批判性地借鉴吸收西方现代化的经验教训，平衡好全球南方现代化与西方现代化之间的差异性和互动性关系。传统与现代的关系是全球南方现代化的核心议题，全球南方自主现代化面临传统与现代相碰撞的“矛盾二重奏”,要将现代性与古典精神相结合，使社会经济发展与文化传承相统一，防止因现代与传统的割裂而导致价值虚无。全球南方要将其现代化发展经验凝练为现代化知识资源，实现基于全球南方思想资源的现代化理论创新，在知识生产上为世界现代化更新公共知识产品，重新定义更公平的现代化发展权和发展观，重建共同迈向现代化的发展理念和发展方式。

Elucidating the feasibility of the Global South jointly advancing toward modernization. First, the autonomous modernization of the Global South innovates the new vision of world modernization. In terms of development models, the autonomous modernization of the Global South breaks the myth of "modernization = Westernization," clarifies the diversity of modernization paths, and, starting from historical traditions, actual development conditions, and resource endowments, independently explores modernization development paths suited to actual conditions. In terms of value orientation, the autonomous modernization of the Global South should strive to transcend capital-centered modernization, enabling the people to jointly discuss, build, and share the fruits of modernization development. In terms of development paths, the autonomous modernization of the Global South abandons the exploitative nature of Western modernization, breaks the Western modernization mindset of "a strong country is bound to seek hegemony," and achieves fair and just modernization through peaceful development rather than war and plunder, within win-win cooperation. Second, the autonomous modernization of the Global South innovates the practical direction of world modernization. In terms of practical concepts, the autonomous modernization of the Global South seeks to overcome the drawbacks of Western modernization, form an autonomous new developmentalist concept, balance the relationship between government and market, and between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome, so that modernized society presents an organic unity of vitality and order, achieving innovation in practical concepts of modernization. In terms of practical links, the Global South is committed to jointly advancing toward modernization, encouraging all members of the Global South to jointly build modernization, constructing modernization that covers all members of the Global South, and developing comprehensive modernization that meets the rich needs of the Global South. In terms of practical goals, the Global South is committed to achieving common prosperity and development, taking a path of pluralistic and harmonious multilateralism modernization, and strengthening exchanges and mutual learning among Global South modern civilizations.

阐明全球南方共同迈向现代化的可行性。第一，全球南方自主现代化革新了世界现代化的新视野。在发展模式上，全球南方自主现代化打破了“现代化=西方化”的迷思，阐明了现代化道路的多样性，从历史传统、发展实情和资源禀赋出发，自主探索契合实际的现代化发展道路。在价值导向上，全球南方自主现代化应致力于超越以资本为中心的现代化，使人民共商共建现代化、共享现代化发展成果。在发展道路上，全球南方自主现代化摒弃了西方现代化的剥削性质，打破“国强必霸”的西方现代化思维窠臼，通过和平发展而非战争掠夺的方式，在合作共赢中实现公道正义的现代化。第二，全球南方自主现代化革新了世界现代化的实践指向。在实践理念上，全球南方自主现代化力求克服西方现代化的弊端，形成自主式新发展主义理念，平衡好政府与市场、机会公平与结果公平之间的关系，使现代化社会呈现出活力和秩序的有机统一，实现现代化实践理念的创新。在实践环节上，全球南方致力于共同迈向现代化，鼓励全球南方全体成员共建现代化，建设覆盖全球南方全体成员的现代化，发展满足全球南方丰富需要的全面现代化。在实践目标上，全球南方致力于实现共同繁荣发展，走多元和谐的多边主义现代化道路，加强全球南方现代文明交流互鉴。

Conclusion

结 语

The Global South jointly advancing toward modernization is an inevitable requirement of world modernization; without the modernization of the Global South, there is no true world modernization. The Global South must unify development and autonomy and take the path of autonomous modernization. The Global South must grasp the generality and particularity of modernization within regularity; achieve the modernization development goal of fairness and justice within value; gradually deepen the modernization development path within diachrony; develop comprehensive modernization within synchrony; explore modernization paths suited to historical traditions and actual development within autonomy; and jointly build modernization development mechanisms and share modernization development fruits within commonality. The Global South must adhere to multilateralism modernization, jointly construct a theoretical narrative for the autonomous modernization of the Global South, cultivate the modernization spirit of independence, development and revitalization, and fairness and justice, and construct a new form of world modernization through the autonomous modernization of the Global South.

全球南方共同迈向现代化是世界现代化的必然要求，没有全球南方现代化就没有真正的世界现代化。全球南方必须将发展和自主统一起来，走自主现代化道路。全球南方要在规律性中把握现代化的一般性和特殊性，在价值性中实现公平正义的现代化发展目标；在历时性中逐步深化现代化发展道路，在共时性中发展全面现代化；在自主性中探索契合历史传统和发展实际的现代化道路，在共同性中共建现代化发展机制、共享现代化发展成果。全球南方要坚持多边主义现代化，共建全球南方自主现代化的理论叙事，培育独立自主、发展振兴、公道正义的现代化精神，以全球南方自主现代化构建世界现代化新形态。

China has always been a member of the Global South, sharing with the Global South a common historical experience of suffering from imperialism and colonialism, sharing the common goal of development and modernization, and being a natural ally in exploring the path of independent modernization. Chinese-path modernization has made important contributions to the autonomous modernization of the Global South, providing the Global South with a new model of independent modernization, new values of fair and just modernization, a new path of peaceful development modernization, and new concepts of green ecological modernization. China has always moved in the same direction as the Global South, always keeping the Global South at heart and rooted in the Global South. It uses Chinese-path modernization to consolidate strength and provide reference for the autonomous modernization of the Global South, actively explores long-term cooperation paths for China and the Global South to jointly advance toward modernization, uses the "Four Global Initiatives" [21]21 The Four Global Initiatives refer to the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, and Global AI Governance Initiative proposed by China. to build cooperation mechanisms for the autonomous modernization of the Global South, and safeguards the independent status and development rights and interests of the Global South. Looking ahead, the significance of the Global South and its autonomous modernization will be further manifested.

中国始终是全球南方的一员，与全球南方具有遭受帝国主义、殖民主义压迫的共同历史经历，具有发展现代化的共同目标，是探索独立自主现代化道路的天然同盟者。中国式现代化为全球南方自主现代化作出了重要贡献，为全球南方提供了独立自主现代化新模式、公道正义现代化新价值、和平发展现代化新道路、绿色生态现代化新理念。中国始终与全球南方同向而行，始终心系全球南方、扎根全球南方，以中国式现代化为全球南方自主现代化凝心聚力、提供借鉴，积极探索中国与全球南方共同迈向现代化的长期合作之道，以“四大全球倡议”共建全球南方自主现代化的合作机制，维护全球南方的独立自主地位和发展权益。展望未来，全球南方及其自主现代化的意义将进一步彰显。