Advancing the Building of the Chinese National Community to Realize the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation

The proposal adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, titled "Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," states: "Forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, advancing the building of the Chinese national community." This fully reflects the inherent requirements and key focal points of the cause of ethnic unity and progress led by the Communist Party of China over the next five years. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed great emphasis on ethnic work, adhered to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, continuously advanced the adaptation of Marxist ethnic theory to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and clearly proposed making the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation the main line of the Party's ethnic work in the New Era and the main line of all work in ethnic regions, forming Xi Jinping's important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work. This important thought enriches and develops Marxist ethnic theory both theoretically and practically, consolidates and expands the correct path for solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics, and points the way forward and provides fundamental guidance for advancing Chinese-path modernization and promoting the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups.

党的二十届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》提出：“铸牢中华民族共同体意识，推进中华民族共同体建设。”这充分体现了未来五年中国共产党领导的民族团结进步事业的内在要求和重要着力点。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视民族工作，坚持守正创新，不断推进马克思主义民族理论中国化时代化，鲜明提出把铸牢中华民族共同体意识作为新时代党的民族工作主线、民族地区各项工作的主线，形成了习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想。这一重要思想从理论和实践上丰富和发展了马克思主义民族理论，巩固和拓展了中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路，为推进中国式现代化、推动各民族共同繁荣发展指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。

Deeply Grasp the Great Historical Process of Our Party Leading People of All Ethnic Groups in Jointly Building the Chinese National Community

深刻把握我们党领导各族人民共同建设中华民族共同体的伟大历史进程

The Chinese nation is a great nation of diversity in unity. Over the course of more than five thousand years of civilization development, the various ethnic groups of our country have jointly opened up the vast territory of the motherland, jointly created a unified multi-ethnic state, jointly written the brilliant history of China, jointly created the splendid Chinese culture, and jointly cultivated the great national spirit. In modern times, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, suffering from bullying by the great powers, fragmentation, frequent wars, and the misery of a devastated populace. The people of all ethnic groups in our country have always adhered to the common conviction that the territory cannot be divided, the country cannot be thrown into chaos, the nation cannot be dispersed, and civilization cannot be severed. In the heroic struggle for national salvation and resistance against foreign aggression, they achieved the great transformation of the Chinese nation from a state of being-in-itself to being-for-itself.

中华民族是多元一体的伟大民族。在五千多年的文明发展历程中，我国各民族共同开拓了祖国的辽阔疆域，共同缔造了统一的多民族国家，共同书写了辉煌的中国历史，共同创造了灿烂的中华文化，共同培育了伟大的民族精神。近代以后，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，饱受列强欺凌、四分五裂、战乱频繁、生灵涂炭之苦。我国各族人民始终坚持国土不可分、国家不可乱、民族不可散、文明不可断的共同信念，在救亡图存、共御外侮的英勇斗争中，实现了中华民族从自在到自觉的伟大转变。

Since its founding, our Party, whether exercising partial governance in revolutionary base areas or exercising comprehensive and long-term governance after seizing state power, has always attached great importance to ethnic issues and ethnic work, and has focused on correctly grasping and handling ethnic relations in light of the main tasks facing the Party in different historical periods. The Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their main representative, led the people in a bloody and indomitable struggle, overthrowing the "three great mountains" of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism. From the Second National Congress of the CPC proposing the democratic revolutionary program to unite people of all ethnic groups under the Party's banner and throw them into the revolutionary torrent against imperialism and feudalism, to the Red Army relying on the support and assistance of people of all ethnic groups to successfully reach northern Shaanxi during the Long March, leaving behind enduring stories such as the Yi-Hai Alliance and deep fraternal bonds; from the War of Resistance Against Japan, where all ethnic groups united sincerely and shared the national crisis, to the War of Liberation, overthrowing the dark rule of the Kuomintang reactionaries and completely eliminating ethnic exploitation and oppression... Our Party led the people of all ethnic groups to externally break free from the imperialist aggression and oppression and seek the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation; internally, to eliminate ethnic oppression and discrimination and seek the equality, unity, and progress of all ethnic groups, completing the central task of solving ethnic issues during this period. With the founding of the People's Republic of China, the people of all ethnic groups achieved common mastery over their own affairs, and through their heroic and tenacious struggle, solemnly declared to the world that the era in which the Chinese nation could be subjected to arbitrary abuse and bullying was gone forever, and China's development has since entered a new epoch. Under the socialist system, all ethnic groups achieved genuine equality, unity, and progress, realizing the broadest and deepest social change in the history of the Chinese nation's development. In this historical process, Comrade Mao Zedong's incisive thesis that "the unity of the country, the unity of the people, and the unity of all ethnic groups within the country are the basic guarantee for the inevitable victory of our cause" is a high-level summary of the historical experience of the cause of ethnic unity and progress with Chinese characteristics.

我们党自成立之日起，无论是在革命根据地局部执政还是夺取政权后全面执政、长期执政，始终高度重视民族问题、民族工作，注重从不同历史时期党面临的主要任务来正确把握和处理民族关系。以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，领导人民浴血奋战、百折不挠，推翻了帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义“三座大山”。从党的二大提出民主革命纲领将各族人民团结在党的旗帜下投入反帝反封建的革命洪流，到长征时期红军依靠各族人民支援和帮助顺利到达陕北，留下彝海结盟、兄弟情深等传世佳话；从抗日战争时期各民族精诚团结、共赴国难，到解放战争时期推翻国民党反动派黑暗统治，彻底扫除民族剥削和民族压迫……我们党带领各族人民对外摆脱帝国主义的侵略压迫，谋求中华民族的独立和解放；对内消除民族压迫、民族歧视，谋求各民族的平等、团结和进步，完成了这一时期解决民族问题的中心任务。随着中华人民共和国的成立，各族人民实现了共同当家作主，以英勇顽强的奋斗向世界庄严宣告中华民族任人宰割、饱受欺凌的时代一去不复返了，中国发展从此开启了新纪元。在社会主义制度下，各民族实现了真正意义上的平等团结进步，实现了中华民族发展史上最广泛最深刻的社会变革。在这一历史进程中，毛泽东同志关于“国家的统一，人民的团结，国内各民族的团结，这是我们的事业必定要胜利的基本保证”的精辟论断，是对中国特色民族团结进步事业历史经验的高度概括。

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as their main representative, re-established the correct direction for our country's ethnic work, shifted the focus of ethnic work to serving economic construction, consolidated and developed socialist new-type ethnic relations, and opened up a new situation of vigorous development for all ethnic groups in our country during the new historical period of reform and opening up. Comrade Deng Xiaoping emphasized the need to develop productive forces and make the people prosperous, stating that "only when this matter is done well can ethnic unity be consolidated." Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the CPC, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Jiang Zemin as their main representative, deepened and developed the Party's ethnic theory and policies, formulated and implemented the Western Development Strategy, and adopted a series of major measures to accelerate the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic regions, effectively safeguarding ethnic unity, social stability, and national unity. Since the 16th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Hu Jintao as their main representative, established the theme of ethnic work in the new century and new stage of common struggle and common development for all ethnic groups, emphasized that promoting ethnic unity and achieving common progress are the fundamental tasks of ethnic work, and made a series of major deployments to strengthen and improve ethnic work, continuously consolidating and developing the great unity of the people of all ethnic groups in our country.

党的十一届三中全会以来，以邓小平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，重新确立了我国民族工作的正确方向，把民族工作重心转向为经济建设服务，巩固和发展社会主义新型民族关系，开辟了改革开放历史新时期我国各民族蓬勃发展的崭新局面。邓小平同志强调要使生产发展起来，人民富裕起来，“只有这件事办好了，才能巩固民族团结”。党的十三届四中全会以来，以江泽民同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，深化和发展党的民族理论和民族政策，制定并实施西部大开发战略，采取一系列重大举措加快少数民族和民族地区发展，有力维护了民族团结、社会稳定、国家统一。党的十六大以来，以胡锦涛同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，确立了各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的新世纪新阶段民族工作主题，强调促进民族团结、实现共同进步是民族工作的根本任务，作出一系列加强和改进民族工作的重大部署，我国各族人民大团结不断巩固和发展。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their main representative, have examined the changes of past and present, observed the trends of the times, coordinated the domestic and international situations, coordinated development and security, and comprehensively managed the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream. From the strategic height of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, they have elevated ethnic work to an unprecedented new historical level, continuously enriched and developed the Party's ethnic theory and policies, and put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies, forming Xi Jinping's important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work. This important thought creatively proposes concepts such as the big family of the Chinese nation, the Chinese national community, forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and advancing the building of the Chinese national community. It emphasizes that forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation means guiding people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the community concept of sharing weal and woe, honor and disgrace, life and death, and destiny. It emphasizes correctly grasping the relationship between commonality and difference, correctly grasping the relationship between the sense of community for the Chinese nation and the consciousness of individual ethnic groups, correctly grasping the relationship between Chinese culture and the cultures of various ethnic groups, and correctly grasping the relationship between the material and the spiritual. It emphasizes that forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is the main line of the Party's ethnic work in the New Era, and also the main line of all work in ethnic regions. It emphasizes that forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and advancing the high-quality development of the Party's ethnic work in the New Era is a common task for the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. This important thought has achieved a major breakthrough in the Party's theory and practice of ethnic work, marking that our Party's understanding and grasp of ethnic issues have reached a new height. It is an important ideological weapon for promoting the high-quality development of the Party's ethnic work in the New Era. As the leader of a major party and a major country, General Secretary Xi Jinping has always placed the people of all ethnic groups in an important position in his heart. From the Roof of the World to the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains, from the mountainous areas of the southwest to the grasslands of northern China, he goes deep among the people of all ethnic groups to listen to their voices and discuss the development of ethnic regions, promoting the sense of community for the Chinese nation to take root in people's hearts, and encouraging all ethnic groups to embrace each other tightly like pomegranate seeds in the big family of the Chinese nation. In particular, the deployment to formulate the Law on the Promotion of Ethnic Unity and Progress will further improve the institutional mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and advancing the building of the Chinese national community, and will maximize the gathering of the mighty force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，审古今之变、察时代之势，统筹国内国际两个大局，统筹发展和安全，统揽伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想，从全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的战略高度出发，将民族工作提高到前所未有的历史新高度，不断丰富和发展党的民族理论和民族政策，提出一系列新理念新思想新战略，形成了习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想。这一重要思想创造性提出中华民族大家庭、中华民族共同体、铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进中华民族共同体建设等理念，强调铸牢中华民族共同体意识，就是要引导各族人民牢固树立休戚与共、荣辱与共、生死与共、命运与共的共同体理念；强调要正确把握共同性和差异性的关系，要正确把握中华民族共同体意识和各民族意识的关系，要正确把握中华文化和各民族文化的关系，要正确把握物质和精神的关系；强调铸牢中华民族共同体意识是新时代党的民族工作的主线，也是民族地区各项工作的主线；强调铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进新时代党的民族工作高质量发展，是全党全国各族人民的共同任务；等等。这一重要思想实现了党在民族工作理论和实践上的重大突破，标志着我们党对民族问题的认识和把握达到了一个新高度，是推动新时代党的民族工作高质量发展的重要思想武器。作为大党大国领袖，习近平总书记始终把各族群众放在心中重要位置，从世界屋脊到天山南北，从西南山区到塞北草原，深入到各族群众中间倾听百姓心声、共话民族地区发展，推动中华民族共同体意识深入人心，促进各民族在中华民族大家庭中像石榴籽一样紧紧拥抱在一起。特别是部署制定民族团结进步促进法，必将进一步健全铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进中华民族共同体建设的制度机制，最大限度凝聚起实现中华民族伟大复兴的磅礴力量。

Deeply Comprehend the Truth Power and Practical Force of the Concept of Advancing the Building of the Chinese National Community

深刻感悟推进中华民族共同体建设理念的真理力量和实践伟力

General Secretary Xi Jinping's important concept of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and advancing the building of the Chinese national community clearly reveals the essence of the correct path for solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics, centrally embodies the innovation and development of Marxist ethnic theory, and is the essence of the times formed by applying the Two Integrations to deeply analyze and assess the Party's ethnic work in the New Era.

习近平总书记关于铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进中华民族共同体建设的重要理念，鲜明揭示了中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路的精髓，集中体现了对马克思主义民族理论的创新与发展，是运用“两个结合”深入分析、研判新时代党的民族工作而形成的时代精华。

Adhering to the Two Integrations has opened up a new realm of adapting Marxist ethnic theory to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, greatly deepening our Party’s understanding of the laws governing ethnic issues and ethnic work, and endowing it with a distinct theoretical guiding force. Keeping pace with the times is the theoretical character of Marxism and the key to ensuring that the Party’s ethnic theory and policies retain their vitality and relevance. Advancing the building of the Chinese nation community, by adhering to the integration of Marxist ethnic theory with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture, represents the latest theoretical expression of the correct path for solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics. This path differs both from the Western nation-state path of “one nation, one state” and from the traditional feudal autocratic dynasty’s approach to handling ethnic issues. Rather, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, it is a path for building the Chinese nation community that realizes the people as masters of the country, upholds regional ethnic autonomy, ensures equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all ethnic groups, enables multiple ethnic groups to form “one family,” and works together in unity, struggle, and common prosperity. Guided by the truth of Marxism, the inherent sentiments of family and country, ethnic bonds, and the spirit of responsibility in the best of traditional Chinese culture are fully activated. Ideas in the best of traditional Chinese culture such as “unity under heaven” and “governing according to customs” are highly compatible with Marxism’s emphasis on striving for ethnic equality while recognizing ethnic differences. Governance concepts such as “all within the four seas are brothers,” “the five peoples share the world,” and “cultivate their teachings without altering their customs, unify their governance without changing their suitability” are highly compatible with Marxism’s emphasis on proceeding from reality and handling ethnic issues according to the laws of ethnic development. In the process of the Two Integrations, the Communist Party of China has both upheld the theoretical origins of the classical Marxist writers and inherited the roots of the best of traditional Chinese culture, continuing the consistent ideological propositions of Chinese Communists. With an original theoretical character bearing Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, it has greatly deepened our Party’s understanding of the laws governing ethnic issues and ethnic work, enabling the concept of advancing the building of the Chinese nation community to continuously demonstrate a powerful theoretical guiding force.

坚持“两个结合”，开辟了马克思主义民族理论中国化时代化的新境界，极大深化了我们党对民族问题和民族工作的规律性认识，具有鲜明的理论引领力。与时俱进是马克思主义的理论品格，是党的民族理论政策永葆生机和活力的关键所在。推进中华民族共同体建设，坚持把马克思主义民族理论同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，是中国特色解决民族问题正确道路的最新理论表达。这条道路既不同于“一族一国”的西方民族国家之路，也不同于传统封建专制王朝处理民族问题之路，而是在中国共产党的领导下实现人民当家作主、坚持民族区域自治、各民族平等团结互助和谐、多民族共同组成“一家人”、共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的中华民族共同体建设之路。在马克思主义真理力量的指引下，中华优秀传统文化中固有的家国情怀、民族情结和担当精神等被充分激活。中华优秀传统文化中“天下一统”“因俗而治”等思想，与马克思主义强调的争取民族平等与承认民族差异高度契合；“四海之内皆兄弟”“‘五方之民’共天下”“修其教不易其俗，齐其政不易其宜”等治理理念，与马克思主义强调坚持从实际出发、按照民族发展规律处理民族问题高度契合。在“两个结合”的过程中，中国共产党既坚持了马克思主义经典作家的理论本源，又传承了中华优秀传统文化的根脉，赓续了中国共产党人一以贯之的思想主张，以具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的原创性理论品格，极大深化了我们党对民族问题和民族工作的规律性认识，使推进中华民族共同体建设理念不断彰显强大的理论引领力。

Adhering to the main line of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, advancing the building of the Chinese nation community, and promoting new historic achievements in the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era, this has a strong practical guiding force. The leap in theory is not only reflected in logical self-consistency and self-evidence but, in the final analysis, must be embodied in answering practical questions and guiding practical development. Since the New Era, our Party has adhered to the main line of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, advanced the building of the Chinese nation community, and promoted new historic achievements in the Party’s ethnic work. The cause of ethnic unity and progress in our country has taken on a new look. All 31.21 million impoverished people in ethnic regions have been lifted out of poverty; all 420 impoverished counties in ethnic autonomous areas have been lifted out of poverty; all 28 ethnic groups with smaller populations have been lifted out of poverty as entire groups, historically solving the problem of absolute poverty. All ethnic minorities and ethnic regions have built a moderately prosperous society in all respects together with the rest of the country. The urban and rural landscapes of ethnic regions have undergone profound changes, with sustained and rapid economic development and a steady increase in the GDP of ethnic regions. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, all ethnic groups have achieved new results in moving together toward socialist modernization. From 2020 to 2024, the total GDP of the five ethnic autonomous regions increased from 6.0129 trillion yuan to 8.3766 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 5.6%, of which the average annual growth rates in Tibet and Xinjiang were 6.1% and 6.0%, respectively. Infrastructure conditions have significantly improved; public service levels in education, medical care, and social security have greatly increased; and the ecological barrier has become more solid. Innovative implementation of exchange programs for youth from all ethnic groups, inter-embedded development plans for people of all ethnic groups, and tourism promotion of exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups, along with the regular organization of national ethnic minority observation groups to visit and tour various parts of the motherland, have made exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups more extensive and in-depth. The 12th National Ethnic Minority Traditional Sports Games were successfully held, achieving for the first time in a domestic comprehensive sports event the full reunion of delegations from all regions, including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. The confidence and pride of the Chinese nation have been unprecedentedly aroused, increasingly moving toward a community with a shared future that is broader in inclusiveness, higher in identity, and stronger in cohesion.

坚持以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，推进中华民族共同体建设，推动新时代党的民族工作取得新的历史性成就，具有强大的实践指导力。理论的飞跃不仅仅体现在逻辑的自洽自证上，归根到底要体现在回答实践问题、引领实践发展上。新时代以来，我们党坚持以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线，推进中华民族共同体建设，推动党的民族工作取得新的历史性成就，我国民族团结进步事业呈现新气象。民族地区3121万贫困人口全部脱贫，420个位于民族自治地方的贫困县全部脱贫摘帽，28个人口较少民族全部整族脱贫，历史性解决了绝对贫困问题，各少数民族和民族地区与全国一道全面建成小康社会。民族地区城乡面貌发生深刻变化，经济持续快速发展，民族地区生产总值稳步提升。“十四五”时期，各民族共同走向社会主义现代化又取得新成效。2020年到2024年，五个民族自治区的地区生产总值总和从60129亿元增加到83766亿元，年均增长5.6%，其中西藏和新疆的年均增速分别是6.1%和6.0%。基础设施条件明显改善，教育、医疗、社会保障等公共服务水平大幅提升，生态屏障更加牢固。创新实施各族青少年交流计划、各族群众互嵌式发展计划、旅游促进各民族交往交流交融计划，常态化组织全国少数民族参观团到祖国各地参观访问，各民族交往交流交融更加广泛深入。成功举办第十二届全国少数民族传统体育运动会，首次在国内综合性体育赛事中实现了包括港澳台在内的各地区代表团大团圆。中华民族的自信心自豪感空前激发，日益走向包容性更广、认同感更高、凝聚力更强的命运共同体。

A correct path for solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics has been forged, manifesting the distinctive feature of a multi-ethnic country achieving unity, solidarity, and common prosperity among all ethnic groups, and contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the governance of ethnic affairs by countries around the world. The governance of ethnic affairs is a worldwide governance challenge; as long as ethnic groups exist, ethnic issues will exist and must be addressed. Especially in today’s world, where changes unseen in a century are accelerating, trends such as unilateralism, protectionism, and populism are breeding and spreading, and issues like ethnic conflict, religious contradictions, and racial estrangement are becoming increasingly prominent, seriously affecting the global peace and development process. In addressing ethnic issues, some countries implement forced assimilation policies, neglecting or even suppressing the culture and rights of ethnic minorities; others allow ethnic separatist forces to develop, leading to national division and social turmoil; still others adopt a strategy of “divide and rule,” exacerbating ethnic contradictions and antagonisms. These practices have not only failed to solve ethnic issues but have triggered more social crises. In stark contrast, our country insists on advancing the building of the Chinese nation community, forging a correct path for solving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics, and forming a favorable situation where all ethnic groups work together in unity and struggle and achieve common prosperity. China’s own successful practice proves that a multi-ethnic country can fully achieve unity, solidarity, and common prosperity among all ethnic groups. At the same time, China actively engages in international cooperation, sharing experiences and practices in ethnic work with countries around the world, promoting exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations, and fostering the harmonious development of global ethnic relations. This governance approach, which incorporates ethnic issues into the overall national development framework, both safeguards the diversity of ethnic cultures and strengthens the overall cohesion of the country, avoiding the limitations of addressing ethnic issues from a single dimension. In today’s era of deepening economic globalization, the inclusiveness, constructiveness, and win-win nature manifested by the concept of building the Chinese nation community provide new ideas and references for solving global ethnic issues and promoting the progress of human civilization.

走出了一条中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路，彰显着多民族国家实现各民族团结统一、繁荣发展的鲜明特征，为世界各国治理民族事务贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。民族事务治理是世界性治理难题，只要有民族存在，就会有民族问题存在，就要处理民族问题。特别是当今世界百年变局加速演进，单边主义、保护主义、民粹主义等思潮滋生蔓延，民族冲突、宗教矛盾、种族隔阂等问题日益凸显，严重影响全球和平与发展进程。在解决民族问题过程中，有的国家推行强制同化政策，忽视甚至压制少数民族的文化与权益；有的放任民族分裂势力发展，导致国家分裂、社会动荡；有的采用“分而治之”的策略，加剧民族矛盾与对立，这些做法不仅未能解决民族问题，反而引发了更多社会危机。与之形成鲜明对比的是，我国坚持推进中华民族共同体建设，走出了一条中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路，形成了各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的良好局面。中国通过自身的成功实践证明，多民族国家完全可以实现各民族的团结统一、繁荣发展。同时，中国积极开展国际合作，与世界各国分享民族工作的经验做法，推动不同文明交流互鉴，促进全球民族关系的和谐发展。这种将民族问题纳入国家整体发展大局的治理思路，既保障了民族文化的多样性，又强化了国家整体的凝聚力，避免了单一维度解决民族问题的局限性。在经济全球化深入发展的今天，中华民族共同体建设理念所彰显的包容性、建设性、共赢性，为破解全球民族问题、促进人类文明进步提供了新的思路和借鉴。

Continuously opening up new prospects for building the Chinese nation community in the practice of Chinese-path modernization

在推进中国式现代化实践中不断开辟中华民族共同体建设新局面

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, all ethnic groups need to work hand in hand and shoulder to shoulder, making joint efforts.” [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Ethnic Unity and Progress,” August 29, 2019. At present and for a period to come, our country is in a critical period of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and realizing the second centenary goal. We must earnestly forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and advance the building of the Chinese nation community, continuously consolidate the common ideological foundation for the united struggle of all ethnic groups, further strengthen the construction of political security, economic security, cultural security, and social security in ethnic regions, and gather the mighty force for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.

习近平总书记指出：“实现中华民族伟大复兴，需要各民族手挽着手、肩并着肩，共同努力奋斗。”当前和今后一个时期，我国正处于全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现第二个百年奋斗目标的关键时期。我们要切实铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进中华民族共同体建设，不断夯实各民族团结奋斗的共同思想基础，进一步强化民族地区政治安全、经济安全、文化安全、社会安全等建设，汇聚起强国建设、民族复兴的磅礴力量。

Comprehensively strengthen the Party’s leadership over ethnic work, and continuously consolidate the common ideological and political foundation for the united struggle of all ethnic groups. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Whether ethnic work can be done well, the most fundamental point is whether the Party’s leadership is strong and effective.” [10]10 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work,” September 27, 2014. Strengthening and improving the Party’s overall leadership is the fundamental political guarantee for doing a good job in the Party’s ethnic work in the New Era, and also a fundamental principle for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and advancing the building of the Chinese nation community. On the new journey, we must adhere to using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thoughts on strengthening and improving ethnic work, to unify thought, will, and action, and consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thought, politics, and action. Adhere to governing the Party with the spirit of reform and strict standards, integrate the requirement of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation throughout the entire process of cadre training, use, and management, comprehensively strengthen the construction of leading bodies at all levels, the cadre and talent team, and grassroots organizations, and ensure that the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and deployments on ethnic work are implemented and detailed. Implement the holistic approach to national security, improve the systems and mechanisms for preventing and defusing risks and hidden dangers in the ethnic field, resolutely prevent major risks and hidden dangers in the ethnic field, and safeguard national security and social stability.

全面加强党对民族工作的领导，不断巩固各民族团结奋斗的共同思想政治基础。习近平总书记指出：“民族工作能不能做好，最根本的一条是党的领导是不是坚强有力。”加强和改善党的全面领导，是做好新时代党的民族工作的根本政治保证，也是铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进中华民族共同体建设的一条根本原则。新征程上，要坚持用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于加强和改进民族工作的重要思想统一思想、统一意志、统一行动，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致。坚持用改革精神和严的标准管党治党，将铸牢中华民族共同体意识的要求贯穿干部的培养、使用和管理全过程，全面加强各级领导班子、干部人才队伍、基层组织建设，确保党中央关于民族工作的重大决策部署落实落细。要贯彻落实总体国家安全观，健全民族领域防范化解风险隐患的体制机制，坚决防范民族领域重大风险隐患，维护国家安全和社会稳定。

Strive to construct the shared spiritual home of the Chinese nation, providing strong spiritual and cultural support for advancing the building of the Chinese national community. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Culture is the soul of a nation; cultural identity is the root of national unity.” [11]11 Xi Jinping, speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work, August 2014. Constructing the shared spiritual home of the Chinese nation is the key to advancing the building of the Chinese national community. Once the issue of cultural identity is resolved, identification with the great motherland, with the Chinese nation, and with the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics can be consolidated. On the new journey, [12]12 “New journey” refers to the period of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, beginning with the 20th National Congress of the CPC in 2022. efforts must be made to continue the Chinese cultural lineage, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, continuously consolidate and elevate the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation, and lay a deep cultural foundation for constructing the shared spiritual home of the Chinese nation. Guided by the core socialist values, deepen education in patriotism, collectivism, and socialism, guiding people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish correct views of the state, history, ethnicity, culture, and religion. Strengthen research, publicity, and interpretation on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and the pattern of pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation, promote the preservation, inheritance, and innovative integration of the traditional cultures of all ethnic groups, establish and highlight Chinese cultural symbols and Chinese national images shared by all ethnic groups, and tell the story of the Chinese national community well.

着力构筑中华民族共有精神家园，为推进中华民族共同体建设提供强大精神文化支撑。习近平总书记强调：“文化是一个民族的魂魄，文化认同是民族团结的根脉。”构筑中华民族共有精神家园，是推进中华民族共同体建设的关键。文化认同问题解决了，对伟大祖国、对中华民族、对中国特色社会主义道路的认同才能巩固。新征程上，要着力赓续中华文脉，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展，不断巩固和高扬中华民族的文化主体性，为构筑中华民族共有精神家园奠定深厚文化基础。以社会主义核心价值观为引领，深化爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义教育，引导各族群众牢固树立正确的国家观、历史观、民族观、文化观、宗教观。加强对铸牢中华民族共同体意识和中华民族多元一体格局的研究宣传阐释，推进各民族传统文化的传承保护和创新交融，树立突出各民族共享的中华文化符号和中华民族形象，讲好中华民族共同体故事。

Adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, accelerate the promotion of high-quality development in ethnic minority regions. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Development is the master key to solving various problems in ethnic minority regions. The key is what kind of development to achieve? ‘A peaceful people can be led to righteousness, while a distressed people are prone to wrongdoing.’ [13]13 A classical allusion from the Han dynasty historian Jia Yi’s “On the Faults of Qin” (Guo Qin Lun), quoting a saying from the earlier text “Guanzi.” We must do more practical things that conform to the will of the people and benefit their livelihoods, and resolve more issues that weigh on the hearts of people of all ethnic groups.” [14]14 Xi Jinping, speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work, September 2014. Due to limitations of geographical environment and natural conditions, the economic and social development of ethnic minority regions is generally relatively lagging, the level of productive forces is generally not high, and there are problems such as unbalanced development of productive forces and unreasonable industrial structure between and within regions and between and within industries. On the new journey, support ethnic minority regions in accelerating their integration into the overall national development landscape, promoting closer economic integration and unity among all regions. Increase support for infrastructure construction in ethnic minority regions, persist in safeguarding and improving people’s livelihoods through development, enhance the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and continuously meet the aspirations of people of all ethnic groups for a better life. All ethnic minority regions should, in conjunction with the formulation and implementation of the 15th Five-Year Plan, [15]15 The 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) is the next national economic and social development plan of the PRC. fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, continuously deepen reform and opening up, vigorously develop industries with distinctive local advantages, and develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions.

坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，加快推动民族地区高质量发展。习近平总书记强调：“发展是解决民族地区各种问题的总钥匙。关键是实现什么样的发展？‘安民可与为义，而危民易与为非。’要多办一些顺民意、惠民生的实事，多解决一些各族群众牵肠挂肚的问题。”受地理环境和自然条件限制，民族地区经济社会发展大都相对滞后，生产力水平普遍不高，地区之间和地区内部以及产业之间和产业内部存在生产力发展不平衡、产业结构不合理等问题。新征程上，要支持民族地区加快融入国家发展大局，促进各地区在经济上更加紧密地连在一起、融为一体。加大对民族地区基础设施建设的支持力度，坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，增强基本公共服务均衡性和可及性，不断满足各族人民对美好生活的向往。各民族地区要结合“十五五”规划编制和实施，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，不断深化改革开放，大力发展特色优势产业，因地制宜发展新质生产力。

Hold high the banner of great unity of the Chinese nation, continuously promote interaction, communication, and integration among all ethnic groups. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Chinese nation is forged through interaction, communication, and integration among all ethnic groups, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will surely be realized through interaction, communication, and integration among all ethnic groups.” Promoting extensive interaction, communication, and integration among all ethnic groups is an important pathway for advancing the building of the Chinese national community. The great unity of the Chinese nation is the prerequisite and foundation for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. The process of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation will inevitably be a process of extensive interaction, communication, and integration among all ethnic groups, and a process of joint struggle and common prosperity and development for all ethnic groups. On the new journey, coordinate economic and social development plans and the allocation of public resources, accelerate the construction of an inter-embedded social structure and social environment, improve the social conditions for people of all ethnic groups to gather, learn, build, share, work, and enjoy together within the big family of the Chinese nation, and actively carry out work to cultivate harmonious feelings through exchanges among people of all ethnic groups. Deepen the work of creating and advancing ethnic unity and progress, promote extensive interaction, comprehensive communication, and deep integration among all ethnic groups, gradually expanding from spatial embedding to economic, cultural, social, and psychological embedding, create a harmonious online environment conducive to forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and form an inseparable Chinese national community.

高举中华民族大团结的旗帜，持续促进各民族交往交流交融。习近平总书记指出：“中华民族在各民族交往交流交融中铸就，中华民族伟大复兴也必将在各民族交往交流交融中实现。”促进各民族广泛交往交流交融是推动中华民族共同体建设的重要途径。中华民族大团结是以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的前提和基础。强国建设、民族复兴的进程，必然是各民族广泛交往交流交融的过程，必然是各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展的过程。新征程上，要统筹经济社会发展规划和公共资源配置，加快构建相互嵌入式的社会结构和社会环境，完善各民族群众在中华民族大家庭中共聚、共学、共建、共享、共事、共乐的社会条件，积极开展各族群众交流培养融洽感情的工作。深化民族团结进步创建工作，促进各民族广泛交往，全面交流，深度交融，逐步由空间嵌入拓展到经济、文化、社会和心理嵌入，营造有利于铸牢中华民族共同体意识的和谐网络环境，形成密不可分的中华民族共同体。

Adhere to law-based governance of ethnic affairs, effectively enhance the modernization level of the system and capacity for governing ethnic affairs. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must govern ethnic affairs according to law, ensuring that all citizens, regardless of ethnicity, are equal before the law.” [16]16 Xi Jinping, speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work, August 2014. Adhering to law-based governance of ethnic affairs is an important institutional guarantee for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and strengthening the building of the Chinese national community. Persisting in handling ethnic issues within the framework of laws and regulations is conducive to maintaining the structural stability of society. On the new journey, it is necessary to continuously improve the ability and level of law-based governance of ethnic affairs, actively promote the modernization of the system and capacity for governing ethnic affairs. Adhere to and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, gradually improve relevant laws, regulations, and differentiated regional support policies, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of people of all ethnic groups according to law. Lay a solid legal foundation for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and advancing the building of the Chinese national community, transform the major theoretical and practical achievements of the Party in ethnic work into the will of the state through national legislation, and improve the institutional mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. Strengthen legal publicity and education, guide people of all ethnic groups to enhance their awareness of the state, citizenship, and the rule of law, strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of laws, regulations, and policies on ethnic work, and use legal systems to guarantee and advance the building of the Chinese national community.

坚持依法治理民族事务，切实提升民族事务治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。习近平总书记指出：“要依法治理民族事务，确保各族公民在法律面前人人平等。”坚持依法治理民族事务，是铸牢中华民族共同体意识、加强中华民族共同体建设的重要制度保障。坚持在法律法规框架内处理民族问题，有利于维护社会的结构性稳定。新征程上，必须不断提高依法治理民族事务的能力和水平，积极推动民族事务治理体系和治理能力现代化。要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，逐步完善相关法律法规和差别化区域支持政策，依法保障各族群众合法权益。要为铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进中华民族共同体建设夯实法治根基，通过国家立法的方式把党在民族工作中取得的重大理论和实践成果转化为国家意志，健全铸牢中华民族共同体意识制度机制。强化法治宣传教育，引导各族群众增强国家意识、公民意识、法治意识，加强对民族工作法律法规和政策执行情况的监督检查，用法律制度保障和推进中华民族共同体建设。

(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Party History and Literature of the CPC Central Committee)

（作者为中央党史和文献研究院研究员）