The Global Security Initiative: A Chinese Approach to Building a Security Order in a Multipolar World

In 2022, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed the Global Security Initiative, aimed at addressing contemporary challenges threatening world peace and stability and promoting a new international order that is more multipolar, inclusive, and cooperative. As a comprehensive approach, this initiative seeks to eliminate the deep-rooted causes of global insecurity and foster a new paradigm of collective security. A powerful China is reshaping the international order, and its rising economic and military strength challenges the Western-dominated unipolar system. The Global Security Initiative embodies China’s vision of making security and prosperity global public goods. The successful implementation of this initiative depends on the willingness and actions of all parties to build security consensus and trust.

2022年，中国国家主席习近平提出全球安全倡议，旨在应对威胁世界和平与稳定的当代挑战，推动构建更加多极、包容与合作的国际新秩序。该倡议作为一项综合性方案，致力于消除世界不安全的深层根源，并推动形成集体安全新范式。强大的中国正在重塑国际秩序，其经济和军事实力的提升对西方主导的单极体系形成了挑战。全球安全倡议彰显了中国致力于将安全与繁荣打造为全球公共产品的愿景。该倡议能否成功落实取决于各方建立安全共识与信任的意愿与行动。

I. The Historical Context of the Global Security Initiative

一、全球安全倡议的时代背景

In the 21st century, the global power structure is undergoing a fundamental reconfiguration, and the international order is being redefined. The global system dominated by the United States’ unipolar hegemony over the past three decades is being shaken by the significant shift in the power balance between China and the United States. China’s sustained progress has not only broken the equilibrium of the existing international structure but also provided an alternative approach to reforming the global governance system, reflecting Chinese values.

21世纪，全球权力格局正在经历根本性重构，国际秩序正在被重新定义。过去30多年在美国单极霸权主导下的全球体系，正在随着中美实力对比的显著改变而发生动摇。中国的持续进步不仅打破了既有国际格局的平衡，更为全球治理体系变革提供了体现中国价值观的替代方案。

As a global power with continuously expanding influence, China has achieved leapfrog development in the economic, technological, and military fields. Economically, since reform and opening up, China has achieved exponential growth in its gross domestic product, developing into the world’s second-largest economy by nominal value and the largest by purchasing power parity.[1]1 The Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路) is a global infrastructure and economic development strategy proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2013. Currently, China is not only the world’s largest trader of goods but also an indispensable core link in the global supply chain, with its economic growth injecting sustained momentum into global development. In terms of technological innovation, through sustained increases in research and development investment, China has achieved a leading position in cutting-edge technology fields such as artificial intelligence, 5G communications, quantum computing, and electric vehicles. Chinese companies continue to surpass their American counterparts in the number of patent applications and grants in multiple high-tech fields.[2]2 The Global Security Initiative (全球安全倡议) is a foreign policy concept proposed by Xi Jinping in 2022, emphasizing common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security. Technological progress has not only driven China’s domestic industrial upgrading but also granted China greater autonomy and voice in global geopolitics. In the military field, the Chinese military has achieved unprecedented modernization. China has continuously strengthened its military capabilities, developing advanced weaponry previously possessed only by major Western powers, along with corresponding power projection capabilities. Although the United States still maintains quantitative and qualitative advantages in many areas, the enhancement of China’s military strength effectively supports its strategic needs to protect its interests and deter potential threats.

中国作为影响力持续扩大的全球性大国，在经济、科技和军事等领域实现了跨越式发展。在经济领域，中国自改革开放以来实现了国内生产总值的指数级增长，已发展成为按名义值计算的全球第二大经济体、按购买力平价计算的世界最大经济体。(1)当前，中国不仅成为全球货物贸易第一大国，更成为全球供应链中不可或缺的核心环节，其经济增长为全球发展注入持续动力。在科技创新方面，中国通过持续加大研发投入，在人工智能、5G通信、量子计算和电动汽车等前沿技术领域取得领先地位。中国企业在多个高新技术领域的专利申请量和授权量持续超越美国同行。(2)技术上的进步不仅推动了中国国内产业升级，更赋予了中国在全球地缘政治中更多的自主权和话语权。在军事领域，中国军队实现了前所未有的现代化。中国不断加强军力建设，研发出以往仅有西方主要大国才拥有的先进武器装备，并形成相应的投送能力。尽管美国在许多领域仍保有数量和质量优势，但中国军力的增强有效支撑了其保护自身利益、威慑潜在威胁的战略需求。

China’s development poses a structural challenge to the Western-dominated existing international order. Since reform and opening up, China has successfully lifted over 800 million people out of absolute poverty, and this economic achievement has laid a solid material foundation for enhancing its military strength and technological capabilities. With the increase in comprehensive national power, China has demonstrated a more confident posture on the international stage, actively promoting the construction of a more multipolar, fair, and just global order. Economically, through the Belt and Road Initiative, China has pioneered a new paradigm for global connectivity and infrastructure cooperation. Diplomatically, by actively participating in United Nations Security Council affairs and UN peacekeeping operations, and playing a leading role in mechanisms such as the G20 and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, China demonstrates its firm commitment to practicing multilateralism and promoting the realization of diverse global interests.

中国的发展对西方主导的既有国际秩序形成了结构性挑战。自改革开放以来，中国成功使八亿多人口摆脱绝对贫困，这一经济成就为其提升军事实力和科技水平奠定了坚实的物质基础。随着综合国力的增强，中国在国际舞台上展现出更加自信的姿态，积极推动构建更加多极化和公平正义的全球秩序。在经济领域，中国通过“一带一路”倡议，开创了全球互联互通与基础设施建设合作的新范式。在外交领域，中国通过积极参与联合国安理会事务以及联合国维和行动、在二十国集团和上海合作组织等机制中发挥领导作用，彰显其践行多边主义、推动实现全球多元利益的坚定承诺。

Currently, the global security environment remains in constant turmoil, with frequent regional conflicts, rampant unilateralism and hegemonic acts, and multilateral institutions appearing fragile in addressing transnational crises. These trends highlight the necessity of a new paradigm for security and governance. China believes that the Western security paradigm, based on exclusive military alliances, bloc politics, and unilateral intervention, is not only ineffective in addressing today’s global security challenges but also exacerbates instability, distrust, and conflict in the international community. The Global Security Initiative proposed by China directly confronts the international security dilemma. This initiative is consistent with the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind and embodies China’s wisdom and responsibility as a major country in actively promoting the transformation of the global governance system.

当前，全球安全环境持续动荡，地区冲突频发，单边主义与霸权行径甚嚣尘上，多边机构在应对跨国危机时显得脆弱不堪，这些趋势凸显了安全与治理新范式的必要性。中国认为，西方安全范式基于排他性军事同盟、集团政治和单边干涉，不仅难以有效应对当今全球安全挑战，反而加剧了国际社会的不稳定、不信任和冲突。中国提出的全球安全倡议直面国际安全困境，该倡议与人类命运共同体理念一脉相承，体现了中国积极推动全球治理体系变革的大国智慧与担当。

II. The Core Meaning and Principles of the Global Security Initiative

二、全球安全倡议的内涵要义

The Global Security Initiative is based on six core concepts and principles: staying committed to the vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security; staying committed to respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries; staying committed to abiding by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter; staying committed to taking the legitimate security concerns of all countries seriously; staying committed to peacefully resolving differences and disputes between countries through dialogue and consultation; and staying committed to maintaining security in both traditional and non-traditional domains.[3]3 A community with a shared future (命运共同体) is a core concept in Chinese foreign policy discourse, promoting mutual interdependence and shared interests among nations. China regards the Global Security Initiative as an alternative to the hegemonism and power politics that have long dominated international relations. In an interconnected world, countries need to coordinate in addressing transnational challenges such as terrorism, climate change, cybersecurity, and pandemic spread; no country should achieve its own security at the expense of others’ security; a community with a shared future for mankind should be built, where the interests of all countries are intertwined, achieving common prosperity. The *Global Security Initiative Concept Paper* proposed by China elaborates on the security threats and challenges facing the international community from five dimensions.

全球安全倡议基于六大核心理念与原则：坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观；坚持尊重各国主权、领土完整；坚持遵守联合国宪章宗旨和原则；坚持重视各国合理安全关切；坚持通过对话协商以和平方式解决国家间的分歧和争端；坚持统筹维护传统领域和非传统领域安全。(3)中国将全球安全倡议视为对长期主导国际关系的霸权主义和强权政治的替代方案。在相互联通的世界里，各国需要协调应对恐怖主义、气候变化、网络安全和疫情蔓延等跨国挑战，不能以牺牲他国安全为代价实现本国安全；应构建人类命运共同体，使各国利益相互交融，实现共同繁荣。中国提出的《全球安全倡议概念文件》从五个维度阐明了国际社会面临的安全威胁与挑战。

First, political security is the cornerstone of the Global Security Initiative. The Global Security Initiative emphasizes the need to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, and that each country has the right to independently choose its development path without external interference. China believes that foreign interference in internal affairs, promoting

第一，政治安全是全球安全倡议的基石。全球安全倡议强调必须尊重各国主权、领土完整，各国有权自主选择发展道路而不受外部干涉。中国认为，他国干涉内政、推动“颜色革命”或强行移植外来政治制度是引发许多局部动荡与冲突的主要根源。全球安全倡议主张恪守联合国宪章宗旨原则和国际法准则，通过对话协商解决争端，而非使用或威胁使用武力。世界各国在处理国际关系时必须拒绝冷战思维、阵营对抗和排他性联盟，否则会加剧地缘政治紧张并破坏相互信任。

Second, economic security is the foundation for maintaining overall stability. The Global Security Initiative emphasizes the importance of safeguarding the security and stability of global supply chains, ensuring equitable access to resources, and promoting inclusive and balanced economic development. China believes that poverty, inequality, and lack of economic opportunity are root causes of instability that exacerbate conflict. Therefore, the Global Security Initiative is intrinsically linked to the Global Development Initiative, which is committed to accelerating the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, focusing on areas such as poverty reduction, food security, clean energy, and connectivity.[4]4 The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a global framework adopted in 2015, comprising 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. By promoting initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, China fosters economic interdependence among countries and establishes a foundation of shared interests, with the aim of achieving common security.

第二，经济安全是维护整体稳定的根基。全球安全倡议强调维护全球供应链安全稳定、确保资源公平获取以及促进包容且平衡的经济发展的重要性。中国认为，贫困、不平等和经济机会匮乏是不稳定的根源，会加剧冲突。因此，全球安全倡议与全球发展倡议具有内在关联性，后者致力于加快落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，聚焦减贫、粮食安全、清洁能源和互联互通等领域。(4)中国通过推动“一带一路”倡议等，促进各国经济相互依存，建立共同利益基础，以期实现共同安全。

Third, social security aims to protect citizens' rights from non-traditional security threats. Maintaining social security includes combating terrorism, transnational organized crime, drug trafficking, and responding to public health crises (such as epidemics) and natural disasters. The Global Security Initiative promotes international cooperation in these areas, emphasizing the need for collective action to address challenges that transcend borders.[5]5 The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, leading to widespread public health and economic disruptions. For example, the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the urgent need to strengthen public health system construction and international cooperation and coordination in health crises, which has been a key focus of China's global health diplomacy.

第三，社会安全旨在保护公民权利免受非传统安全威胁。维护社会安全包括打击恐怖主义、跨国有组织犯罪、毒品贩运以及应对公共卫生危机(如流行病)和自然灾害。全球安全倡议推动这些领域的国际合作，强调应采取集体行动应对超越国界的挑战。(5)例如，全球应对新冠疫情的实践表明，迫切需要加强公共卫生体系建设和卫生危机中的国际合作与协调，这一直是中国全球卫生外交的重点领域。

Fourth, environmental security focuses on ecological challenges. Issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource scarcity pose threats to the survival of all humanity and require coordinated responses from countries around the world. The Global Security Initiative advocates for green and low-carbon development, strengthening ecological and environmental protection, and promoting international cooperation in global environmental governance. As a major participant in global climate policy, China champions multilateralism, advocates adhering to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in addressing climate change, and promotes the transformation of technological solutions toward more sustainable development models. Environmental security concerns not only ecological survival but also long-term socio-economic stability.

第四，环境安全聚焦生态挑战。气候变化、生物多样性丧失和资源短缺等问题对全人类的生存构成威胁，需要世界各国协同应对。全球安全倡议主张实现绿色低碳发展、加强生态环境保护和促进全球环境治理国际合作。作为全球气候政策的重要参与者，中国倡导多边主义，主张应对气候变化应坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，推动技术解决方案向更可持续的发展模式转型。环境安全不仅关涉生态存续，更关涉社会经济长期稳定。

Fifth, digital security aims to address challenges in cyberspace such as cybersecurity, data protection, cybercrime, and the governance of emerging technologies. The Global Security Initiative advocates upholding a new security concept in the field of digital security, opposing the militarization of cyberspace and cyber warfare, and proposing to jointly build a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative, and orderly community with a shared future in cyberspace through the establishment of a fair and just system of international rules. This stance emphasizing global governance cooperation stands in stark contrast to the practices of some countries that prioritize the development of cyberattack capabilities and unilateral control over information flows.

第五，数字安全旨在应对网络安全、数据保护、网络犯罪以及新兴技术治理等网络空间挑战。全球安全倡议主张在数字安全领域坚持新安全观，反对网络空间军事化和网络战争，主张通过建立公平公正的国际规则体系，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作、有序的网络空间命运共同体。这种强调全球治理合作的立场，与部分国家优先发展网络攻击能力和单边控制信息流动的做法形成鲜明对比。

The Global Security Initiative is closely linked to China’s long-standing concepts of cooperation, stability, and common development. Cooperation is not only a means to solve problems but also a fundamental principle of international relations. Only when the economies and cultures of countries are interdependent can mutual trust be enhanced and conflicts reduced. Stability is regarded as a prerequisite for development, and the Global Security Initiative is committed to creating a peaceful global environment to promote global economic growth. Common development, as a core concept of Chinese diplomacy, emphasizes the equitable distribution of development outcomes at both the national and global levels and is dedicated to addressing the inequalities that lead to instability.

全球安全倡议与中国长期以来坚持的合作、稳定、共同发展理念紧密相连。合作不仅是解决问题的途径，更是国际关系的基本原则。各国经济文化相互依存，才能增进互信、减少冲突。稳定被视为发展的先决条件，全球安全倡议致力于营造和平的全球环境，以促进全球经济增长。共同发展作为中国外交的核心理念，强调在国家与全球层面公平分配发展成果，并致力于解决导致不稳定的不平等问题。

III. Paradigmatic Innovation of the Global Security Initiative

三、全球安全倡议的范式创新

The study of international relations has long been dominated by Western conceptual frameworks, deeply influenced by the Enlightenment and the experience of the nation-state. While paradigms such as realism, liberalism, and constructivism have certain academic value, they are often based on Eurocentric assumptions, marginalizing the contributions of other civilizations or forcibly incorporating them into Western explanatory systems. China, as a global power, has promoted a critical rethinking of Western paradigms, opening up significant space for exploring non-Western perspectives on international relations.

国际关系研究历来由西方概念框架主导，深受启蒙运动和民族国家经验的影响。现实主义、自由主义和建构主义等范式虽具有一定的学术价值，却往往基于欧洲中心主义的假设，将其他文明的贡献边缘化或将之强行纳入西方解释体系。中国作为全球性大国，推动了对西方范式的批判性重思，为探索非西方国际关系视野开辟了重要空间。

The core concept of the Global Security Initiative originates from the historically rooted idea of *tianxia* (all under heaven). The *tianxia* concept advocates for a political order centered on human harmony and interconnectedness. Historically, *tianxia* referred to a tributary system with China as the central kingdom, whose influence was more moral and cultural than coercive. The contemporary significance of the *tianxia* concept lies not in its literal revival, but in the philosophical inspiration it provides for China’s vision of building a more inclusive and harmonious world order. Unlike Western paradigms such as realism, which typically emphasize power competition and international anarchy, the *tianxia* concept advocates the pursuit of peaceful coexistence.

全球安全倡议的核心理念源自历史悠久的“天下”理念。“天下”理念主张建立以人类和谐与互联为核心的政治秩序。历史上，“天下”指代以中国为中央王国的朝贡体系，其影响力更多体现在道德文化层面，而非强制统治。“天下”理念的当代意义不在于其字面含义上的复兴，而在于其为中国构建更具包容性与和谐性的世界秩序愿景所提供的哲学启示。与现实主义等西方范式通常强调权力竞争与国际无政府状态不同，“天下”理念倡导对和平共处的追求。

The security paradigm advocated by the Global Security Initiative stands in stark contrast to the Western collective security paradigm. The most prominent representative of the Western collective security paradigm is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which is based on collective defense against perceived threats.[6]6 The joint statement between China and Nicaragua, signed during the establishment of diplomatic relations in December 2021, includes a commitment to the Global Security Initiative. Although such architectures have maintained regional stability for certain periods, they may create division and suspicion, perpetuating a zero-sum logic. In contrast, influenced by the *tianxia* concept, China advocates a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security. Xi Jinping’s proposal of the Global Security Initiative is not intended to establish new military blocs or alliances, but to provide an open and inclusive platform for security cooperation. The initiative emphasizes respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, adherence to the UN Charter, and peaceful resolution of disputes, aiming to redefine collective security.

全球安全倡议倡导的安全范式与西方集体安全范式形成鲜明对比。西方集体安全范式最显著的代表是北大西洋公约组织，其基础是对抗感知威胁的集体防御。(6)虽然这类架构在一定时期内维持了地区稳定，但它们可能制造分裂与猜疑，延续零和博弈逻辑。与之相反，受“天下”理念的影响，中国倡导共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观。习近平提出全球安全倡议，并非要建立新的军事集团或联盟，而是为安全合作提供一个开放、包容的平台。该倡议强调尊重各国主权和领土完整、遵守联合国宪章以及和平解决争端，旨在重新定义集体安全。

The Global Security Initiative is rich in content and clear in stance. The initiative emphasizes the principles of sustainable security, interdependence, and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to promoting a more harmonious, inclusive, and universally beneficial international order.

全球安全倡议内涵丰富，立场鲜明。该倡议强调可持续安全原则、相互依存原则和不干涉他国内政原则，为推动构建更加和谐、包容与普惠的国际秩序贡献了中国智慧与中国方案。

The principle of sustainable security is inseparable from China’s global development agenda and its concept of international relations. China’s security concept is constructed on the idea that peace and stability are necessary prerequisites for development, and that development is the foundation of lasting security. This is one of the main differences between Chinese and Western security concepts, the latter often separating security from development or treating development as a secondary tool for strategic security. China advocates the Global Security Initiative, believing that development is the foundation of security and security is the guarantee of development. China’s global development agenda focuses on UN Sustainable Development Goals such as poverty alleviation, food security, green development, global health, and technological innovation, which are seen as important ways to address development imbalances and gaps. By promoting inclusive and equitable development, China is committed to laying a solid foundation for long-term peace and security, thereby reinforcing the view that security is not limited to the military dimension but is closely related to socio-economic conditions and people’s well-being.

可持续安全原则与中国的全球发展议程及其国际关系理念密不可分。中国安全观的建构基于这样一种理念：和平与稳定是发展的必要前提，而发展又是持久安全的基础。这是中国与西方安全观的主要区别之一，后者往往将安全与发展割裂开来，或将发展视为战略安全的次要工具。中国倡导全球安全倡议，认为发展是安全的基础，安全是发展的保障。中国的全球发展议程聚焦脱贫、粮食安全、绿色发展、全球健康和科技创新等联合国可持续发展目标，被视做解决发展不平衡与发展差距的重要途径。通过推动包容性与公平发展，中国致力于为长期和平与安全奠定坚实基础，从而强化了“安全不仅限于军事层面，而是与社会经济及民生福祉密切相关”的观点。

The principle of interdependence is at the core of China’s concept of common security. In the era of globalization, challenges such as climate change, pandemics, terrorism, and economic crises know no borders; the security of one country is closely linked to that of others. China believes that zero-sum games and “beggar-thy-neighbor” policies are unsustainable in the long run. Instead, by promoting economic cooperation, trade, and investment—pillars of the Belt and Road Initiative—China aims to build networks of shared interests to curb conflict and enhance mutual trust. The Belt and Road Initiative, as an engine for promoting global infrastructure construction and connectivity, benefits all parties by fostering common prosperity, thereby promoting regional and global stability. Interdependence is also reflected in the promotion of inclusive multilateralism. China advocates for reforms in global governance that reflect a multipolar situation, enhancing the voice and representation of developing countries. China’s increasingly active participation and significantly enhanced leadership role in multilateral platforms such as the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the BRICS cooperation mechanism demonstrate its commitment to building mechanisms for dialogue and consultation to address common challenges. This stands in stark contrast to the practices of some Western countries. China believes that when multilateral institutions do not align with the short-term interests of Western countries, the latter tend to weaken or bypass existing multilateral mechanisms.

相互依存原则是中国共同安全理念的核心。在全球化时代，气候变化、流行病、恐怖主义和经济危机等挑战无国界之分，一国的安全与他国息息相关。中国认为零和博弈与“以邻为壑”政策长期来看不可持续。相反，中国通过推动作为“一带一路”倡议支柱的经济合作、贸易与投资，旨在构建利益共享网络，以遏制冲突，增进互信。“一带一路”倡议作为推动全球基础设施建设和互联互通的引擎，通过促进共同繁荣惠及各方，推动了地区与全球稳定。相互依存还体现在推动包容性多边主义上。中国倡导反映多极化态势的全球治理改革，提升发展中国家话语权与代表性。中国在联合国、上海合作组织和金砖国家合作机制等多边平台中日益活跃的参与和显著提升的领导作用，彰显了其致力于构建对话协商机制以应对共同挑战的决心。这与部分西方国家的做法形成鲜明对比。中国认为，当多边机构不符合西方国家短期利益时，后者往往倾向于削弱或绕开既有多边机制。

The principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is another important pillar of China’s security strategy. This principle is rooted in China’s painful historical experience of foreign interference in modern times and is a core element of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, which have been the cornerstone of Chinese diplomacy since the Bandung Conference in 1955.[7]7 The Proclamation of Latin America and the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace was adopted at the CELAC summit in Havana in January 2014. The Declaration of 33 Latin American and Caribbean Countries on the Establishment of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone refers to the Treaty of Tlatelolco (1967), which established a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region. China believes that foreign interference, whether military, political, or economic, undermines regional stability, exacerbates conflicts, and damages the sovereignty of the countries concerned, thereby creating more insecurity. In contrast, Western paradigms such as liberal interventionism and the “responsibility to protect” doctrine have been used to justify so-called humanitarian intervention or democracy promotion by the West. China, on the other hand, consistently respects the diversity of political and social systems among countries. In China’s view, every country has the inalienable right to choose its own development path without external interference. The principle of non-interference in internal affairs is regarded by China as an important way to enhance mutual trust and avoid the unilateralization of the international order, allowing countries to resolve their internal issues independently, thereby creating a more stable and predictable environment for global security.

不干涉他国内政原则是中国安全战略思想的另一重要支柱。这一原则根植于中国近代史上曾遭受外国干涉的切肤之痛，是自1955年万隆会议以来成为中国外交基石的和平共处五项原则的核心内容。中国认为，无论是军事、政治还是经济层面的外国干涉，都会破坏地区稳定、加剧冲突并损害相关国家主权，从而带来更多不安全因素。而干涉自由主义和“保护责任”论等西方范式，曾被用来为西方所谓的人道主义干涉或民主促进辩护。中国则始终坚持尊重各国政治社会制度的多样性。在中国看来，每个国家都有不受外部干涉、自主选择发展道路的不可剥夺的权利。不干涉他国内政原则被中国视为增进互信、避免国际秩序单极化的重要途径，这一原则使各国能自主解决内部问题，从而为全球安全构建更加稳定可期的环境。

In short, China’s non-Western perspective on international relations, influenced by concepts such as *tianxia*, proposes a collective security paradigm different from the traditional power competition paradigm. By advocating the Global Security Initiative, China aims to build a more peaceful

简言之，中国受“天下”等理念影响的非西方国际关系视角，提出了一种有别于传统权力竞争范式的集体安全范式。中国倡导全球安全倡议，旨在构建一个更加和平繁荣的世界，从而让安全成为全球公共产品而非少数大国专属特权。这一愿景在全球范围内的认同度与落实成效，将在很大程度上决定国际关系的未来走向。

IV. The Practical Path of the Global Security Initiative

四、全球安全倡议的实践路径

The Global Security Initiative embodies China’s holistic conception of security issues in the 21st century. Unlike traditional approaches that focus primarily on military security or containing state threats, this initiative is grounded in a multi-dimensional, holistic perspective, emphasizing the interconnectedness of contemporary challenges and aiming to address the root causes of insecurity. The implementation of the Global Security Initiative does not rely on unilateral coercive mechanisms; instead, it relies on a network of multilateral platforms and a system of bilateral and multilateral agreements to consolidate regional and global security. China adopts a pragmatic strategy, comprehensively utilizing diplomatic mediation, economic cooperation, and security dialogue to build consensus and promote the implementation of the Global Security Initiative.

全球安全倡议体现了中国对 21 世纪安全问题的整体性构想。与主要关注军事安全或遏制国家威胁的传统路径不同，该倡议立足多维度、整体性视角，强调当代挑战的相互关联性，旨在解决不安全的根源。全球安全倡议的实施并非通过单边强制机制，而是依托多边平台网络与双、多边协议体系来巩固区域和全球安全。中国采取务实策略，综合运用外交斡旋、经济合作和安全对话等手段凝聚共识，推动落实全球安全倡议。

First, China actively participates in the construction of multilateral platforms. First, the United Nations is an important stage for China to practice genuine multilateralism and abide by international law. In the Security Council, China has always firmly supported the principles of non-interference in internal affairs and peaceful resolution of disputes. China promotes the Global Security Initiative as a supplementary framework to the principles of the UN Charter, aiming to strengthen the UN’s authority and core role in global security governance. China has also continuously and substantially increased its contributions to UN peacekeeping operations. China is the second-largest contributor to UN peacekeeping budgets and the largest troop contributor among the permanent members of the Security Council. Second, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is an important platform focusing on security affairs in the Eurasian region. Through this organization, China promotes counter-terrorism cooperation, combats separatism and extremism, and coordinates border security affairs. The code of conduct of this organization fully embodies the principles advocated by the Global Security Initiative, such as non-interference in internal affairs and cooperation to achieve common security. With the accession of new members such as India and Iran, the expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization highlights the growing influence of this non-Western regional security platform. Third, the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation is an important platform for promoting regional security. The Belt and Road Initiative is not only committed to promoting economic connectivity among countries along the routes but also has a significant impact on regional security through multi-dimensional measures: on the one hand, it focuses on economic development and infrastructure construction, reducing socio-economic instability factors at their roots; on the other hand, the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation specifically discusses security issues, such as protecting infrastructure projects and combating transnational crime along the Belt and Road. Furthermore, by deepening economic ties and connectivity among countries, the Belt and Road Initiative promotes the construction of a community of shared interests, thereby helping to mitigate potential conflict risks. Fourth, the BRICS cooperation mechanism is a key engine driving the multipolarization of the world order. Through the BRICS cooperation mechanism, China works with emerging economies to jointly address common challenges in the fields of security and development, advocating a dialogue process that promotes the improvement of global governance and the reform of international institutions from a non-Western perspective.

首先，中国积极参与多边平台建设。其一，联合国是中国践行真正的多边主义和遵守国际法的重要舞台。在安理会中，中国始终坚定支持不干涉内政与和平解决争端原则。中国推动全球安全倡议作为联合国宪章原则的补充框架，旨在加强联合国在全球安全治理中的权威与核心作用。中国还持续大幅增加对联合国维和行动的贡献。中国是联合国维和行动的第二大出资国，也是安理会常任理事国中派出维和人员最多的国家。其二，上海合作组织是聚焦欧亚地区安全事务的重要平台。中国通过该组织推动反恐合作、打击分裂主义与极端主义，协调边境安全事务。该组织的行事准则充分体现了全球安全倡议所倡导的不干涉内政、合作实现共同安全等原则。随着印度、伊朗等新成员的加入，上海合作组织的扩容彰显了这一非西方地区安全平台日益提升的影响力。其三，“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛是促进地区安全的重要平台。“一带一路”倡议不仅致力于推动沿线各国经济互联互通，还通过多维度举措对地区安全产生了重要影响：一方面，其聚焦经济发展和基础设施建设，从根源上减少社会经济不稳定因素；另一方面，“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛会针对性讨论安全议题，如保护基础设施项目、打击“一带一路”沿线跨国犯罪等。此外，“一带一路”倡议通过深化各国经济联系与互联互通，推动构建利益共同体，从而有助于化解潜在冲突风险。其四，金砖国家合作机制是推动世界秩序多极化的关键引擎。中国借助金砖合作机制，与新兴经济体携手应对安全与发展领域的共同挑战，倡导以非西方视角推动完善全球治理和改革国际机构的对话进程。

Second, China extensively conducts bilateral and multilateral security cooperation. First, it strengthens security and defense communication. China has long held high-level dialogues on defense and security issues with many countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The security and defense dialogue mechanism effectively promotes information exchange, policy coordination, and strategic mutual trust between the parties. Second, it conducts joint military exercises. China opposes the formation of camp-based and exclusionary small circles targeting specific countries, but advocates for different forms of non-alliance security cooperation with relevant countries. For example, within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, China conducts joint military exercises with Russia, Pakistan, and Central Asian member states, aimed at enhancing the parties’ joint operational capabilities and response efficiency in dealing with non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, and promoting the construction of military mutual trust mechanisms. Third, it deepens law enforcement and counter-terrorism cooperation. China strengthens bilateral cooperation with many countries in the fields of counter-terrorism, combating transnational crime, and drug control. For example, China carries out practical collaboration with neighboring countries and other countries along the Belt and Road in areas such as intelligence sharing, personnel training, and law enforcement security operations including counter-terrorism and drug control. Fourth, it provides security assistance and training. China provides security assistance and training to many developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. For example, by providing police and military equipment to these countries and offering training to their security personnel, China enhances their capacity to maintain domestic and regional stability.

其次，中国广泛开展双边、多边安全合作。其一，加强安全防务沟通。中国长期与东南亚、非洲和拉美多国就防务安全问题举行高层对话。安全防务对话机制有效促进了双方的信息交流、政策协调与战略互信。其二，开展联合军事演习。中国反对搞针对特定国家的阵营化和排他性小圈子，但主张与相关国家开展不同形式的非同盟安全合作。例如，中国在上海合作组织框架内，与俄罗斯、巴基斯坦以及中亚成员国开展联合军事演习，旨在提升各方协同应对恐怖主义等非传统安全威胁的作战能力与响应效率，推动军事互信机制建设。其三，深化执法与反恐合作。中国与多国加强在反恐、打击跨国犯罪和禁毒领域的双边合作。例如，中国与周边国家及“一带一路”其他沿线国家在情报共享、人员培训以及反恐、禁毒等执法安全行动方面开展务实协作。其四，提供安全援助与培训。中国向多个发展中国家，特别是非洲和亚洲的发展中国家提供安全援助与培训。例如，中国通过向这些国家提供警用和军用设备、为其安全人员提供培训，提升了相关国家维护国内及地区稳定的能力。

V. The Echo of the Global Security Initiative in Latin America

五、全球安全倡议的拉美回响

Advancing frameworks such as the Global Security Initiative requires not only properly handling great-power competition but also successfully mobilizing Latin American and Caribbean countries (hereinafter referred to as “Latin American countries”) to build a broader partnership. In this context, through a series of economic and diplomatic cooperation, the Latin American region is becoming an important stage for promoting and implementing the Global Security Initiative. In this process, managing and responding to the trilateral relationship among China, the United States, and Latin America is particularly crucial.

推进全球安全倡议等框架，不仅需要妥善应对大国竞争，更需要成功动员拉丁美洲和加勒比国家(以下简称“拉美国家”),以构建更广泛的合作伙伴关系。在此背景下，通过一系列经济与外交合作，拉美地区正成为推进和落实全球安全倡议的重要舞台。在这一进程中，中美拉三边关系的处理和应对尤为关键。

Latin America has historically been regarded by the United States as its “backyard.” Since the 21st century, the foreign relations of Latin American countries have become increasingly diversified, with China becoming an important economic and political partner for Latin American countries. Economic cooperation is the main driving force for the development of China-Latin America relations. China has surpassed the United States to become the largest trading partner for several Latin American countries. Currently, the Belt and Road Initiative has become an important vehicle for China to expand its foreign economic relations. By stimulating economic growth and promoting regional stability, the Belt and Road Initiative not only facilitates the construction of infrastructure such as ports, highways, railways, and communication networks in relevant Latin American countries but also provides alternative sources of financing that are often difficult to obtain through traditional Western channels. The deep economic interdependence between China and Latin America lays the foundation for broader diplomatic cooperation between the two sides and the joint implementation of the Global Security Initiative. As economic ties strengthen, Latin American countries are more likely to accept China’s initiatives on global governance and international security affairs.

拉丁美洲历来被美国视为其“后院”。21世纪以来，拉美国家对外关系日益多元化，中国成为拉美国家重要的经济政治伙伴。经济合作是中拉关系发展的主要动力。中国已超越美国成为多个拉美国家的第一大贸易伙伴。当前，“一带一路”倡议已经成为中国拓展对外经济关系的重要载体。通过拉动经济增长，促进地区稳定，“一带一路”倡议不仅为拉美相关国家开展港口、公路、铁路和通信网络等基础设施建设提供了便利，还提供了传统西方渠道往往难以提供的替代融资来源。中拉经济的深度依存关系为双方开展更广泛的外交合作、共同落实全球安全倡议奠定了基础。随着经济联系的加强，拉美国家更容易接受中国关于全球治理和国际安全事务的倡议。

The Global Security Initiative emphasizes non-interference in internal affairs, peaceful resolution of disputes, and the practice of multilateralism, which are highly consistent with the core principles of the foreign policies of Latin American countries. Latin American countries have long been subject to external forces, and their development processes have been profoundly influenced by geopolitical tensions and externally imposed security agendas. Latin American countries have historically advocated for national self-determination, sovereign equality, and multilateral cooperation, and therefore highly identify with the principles of sovereign equality and non-interference in internal affairs emphasized by the Global Security Initiative. The Global Security Initiative stands in stark contrast to the interventionism and coercive policies of Western powers. Many Latin American countries firmly support genuine multilateralism and the principle of peaceful resolution of disputes, believing that the Global Security Initiative aligns with their diplomatic traditions and their pursuit of strategic autonomy. For example, Nicaragua believes that the Global Security Initiative is consistent with its diplomatic stance of respecting sovereignty and self-determination, and has incorporated this initiative into the joint statement between China and Nicaragua.[6]6 The joint statement between China and Nicaragua, signed during the establishment of diplomatic relations in December 2021, includes a commitment to the Global Security Initiative. Venezuela believes that the Global Security Initiative is highly compatible with its comprehensive security concept of coordinating the maintenance of security in both traditional and non-traditional fields.

全球安全倡议强调不干涉内政、和平解决争端和践行多边主义，这与拉美国家外交政策的核心原则高度契合。拉美国家在历史上长期受制于外部势力，其发展进程受到地缘政治紧张和外部强加的安全议程的深刻影响。拉美国家历来主张民族自决、主权平等与多边合作，因此高度认同全球安全倡议强调的主权平等和不干涉内政等原则。全球安全倡议与西方大国的干涉主义及胁迫性政策形成鲜明对比。拉美多国坚定支持真正的多边主义以及和平解决争端原则，认为全球安全倡议符合其外交传统和谋求战略自主的诉求。例如，尼加拉瓜认为，全球安全倡议与该国尊重主权和自决权的外交立场相一致，并将这一倡议写入中尼两国联合声明。(7)委内瑞拉认为，全球安全倡议与其统筹维护传统领域和非传统领域安全的综合安全理念高度契合。

China-Latin America security cooperation provides new opportunities for regional development and the construction of security resilience. The Global Security Initiative advocates for the indivisibility of security, emphasizing that the security of one country should not come at the expense of the security of others, which has resonated widely in Latin America. China’s comprehensive security concept, proposed in areas such as food, energy, environment, and cybersecurity, has also gained broad recognition, as the Latin American region is facing these multiple challenges. Issues under the Global Security Initiative such as combating transnational crime, strengthening humanitarian assistance, and disaster management are particularly welcomed by Latin American countries. Many Latin American countries actively participate in forums and dialogue mechanisms that practice the Global Security Initiative, demonstrating an open attitude towards exploring new paths for security cooperation.

中拉安全合作为地区发展与安全韧性建设提供了新机遇。全球安全倡议主张安全不可分割，强调一国安全不应以损害他国安全为代价，在拉美引起广泛共鸣。中国在粮食、能源、环境和网络安全等领域提出的综合安全观也获得广泛认可，因为拉美地区正面临上述多重挑战。全球安全倡议关于打击跨国犯罪、加强人道主义援助以及治理灾害等议题尤其受到拉美国家欢迎。拉美多国积极参与践行全球安全倡议的论坛与对话机制，展现出探索新型安全合作路径的开放姿态。

China actively participates in platforms such as the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) and the China-CELAC Forum, promoting discussions on security and governance from a non-Western perspective, advocating for a multipolar world, and calling for respect for the diversity of civilizations. These concepts have received widespread response in Latin America. The official statements of the China-CELAC Forum, as a collective response of Latin American countries to the Global Security Initiative, highlight the growing recognition among Latin American countries of alternatives to traditional security paradigms. Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that China is willing to work with Latin American countries to jointly implement the Global Security Initiative. This commitment is built on the principles of equality and mutual benefit, which have been the core characteristics of China-Latin America relations over the past few decades. China has incorporated the implementation of the Global Security Initiative into high-level official documents between China and Latin America, and has explicitly expressed support for the “Proclamation of Latin America and the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace” and the “Declaration of 33 Latin American and Caribbean Countries on the Establishment of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone,”[7]7 The Proclamation of Latin America and the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace was adopted at the CELAC summit in Havana in January 2014. The Declaration of 33 Latin American and Caribbean Countries on the Establishment of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone refers to the Treaty of Tlatelolco (1967), which established a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region. indicating that the two sides have reached a consensus on the concept of peacefully addressing security challenges. The Global Security Initiative particularly emphasizes addressing thorny issues such as cybersecurity, transnational crime, and public security, which are of great significance to the Latin American region facing special security challenges. In addition, China actively participates in the China-Latin America High-Level Defense Forum, aiming to build an institutionalized platform for promoting regional security dialogue. China’s efforts to promote the construction of a China-Latin America multilateral security architecture reflect its respect for and inclusiveness of regional diversity.

中国积极参与拉共体、中拉论坛等平台，推动从非西方视角讨论安全与治理，倡导世界多极化，呼吁尊重文明多样性，这些理念在拉美得到广泛响应。中拉论坛的官方声明作为拉美国家对全球安全倡议的集体回应，彰显了拉美国家对传统安全范式替代方案的日益认可。习近平多次强调，中国愿意与拉美国家共同落实全球安全倡议。这一承诺建立在平等互利原则之上，这正是过去几十年来中拉关系的核心特征。中国将落实全球安全倡议写入中拉高层官方文件，并明确表示支持《宣布拉美和加勒比为和平区的公告》及《拉美和加勒比33国关于建立无核区的声明》(8),这表明双方在和平应对安全挑战的理念上达成共识。全球安全倡议特别强调应对网络安全、跨国犯罪和公共安全等棘手问题，这些主张对于正面临特殊安全挑战的拉美地区具有重要意义。此外，中国还积极参与中拉高级防务论坛，旨在构建一个促进地区安全对话的机制化平台。中国推动构建中拉多边安全架构的努力，体现了其对地区多样性的尊重和包容。

It is worth noting that China-Latin America relations are not static but are continuously influenced by various internal and external factors. Faced with differences between China and the United States on global issues, Latin American countries are increasingly adopting a cautious stance. Subtle shifts in the statements of Latin American countries reveal the complex impact of the China-U.S. power balance on the region. As the middle actor in the China-U.S.-Latin America triangular relationship, Latin American countries seek to balance their relations with China and the United States in order to maximize their own interests. China’s rising international influence helps Latin American countries gain greater autonomy in their foreign policy decisions, thereby reducing their dependence on the United States. The rise of Latin American countries as a middle force reflects the transformation of the international power structure and also creates a favorable environment for the implementation of the Global Security Initiative. At the practical level, China and Latin American countries jointly promote the implementation of the Global Security Initiative in the region through comprehensive, results-oriented cooperation. Examples such as the joint construction of deep-space tracking and control stations, the co-building of safe cities, and the deepening of public health security cooperation between China and Latin American countries demonstrate the basic principles of the Global Security Initiative and lay a solid foundation for deepening the building of a China-Latin America community with a shared future.

值得注意的是，中拉关系并非一成不变，而是会受到各种内外因素的持续影响。面对中美在全球性议题上的分歧，拉美国家的态度日渐趋于谨慎。从拉美国家表态的细微之处可以洞见中美力量对比对拉美的复杂影响。拉美国家作为中美拉三角关系中的中间角色，力图在对华与对美关系中寻求平衡，以实现自身利益的最大化。中国国际影响力的不断提升，有助于拉美国家在外交决策中获得更大的自主权，从而减少对美国的依赖。拉美国家作为中间力量的兴起，体现了国际权力格局的转变，也为全球安全倡议的践行创造了有利环境。在实践层面，中拉双方通过全方位务实合作，共同推动全球安全倡议在拉美地区落地落实。中国与拉美国家共建深空测控站、共建安全城市、深化公共卫生安全合作等合作范例彰显了全球安全倡议的基本原则，为深化中拉命运共同体建设奠定了坚实基础。

First, China and Argentina have strengthened cooperation on outer space security. The deep-space tracking and control station established by China in Neuquén Province, Argentina, is one of the landmark projects of China-Latin America security, development, and technological cooperation. The facility, which became operational in 2018, is jointly managed by the China National Space Administration and the Argentine Space Commission. From the perspective of the Global Security Initiative, this project helps promote the space security of both countries. On the one hand, the project provides ground support for China’s space exploration programs, which is crucial for China’s long-term scientific and technological development. On the other hand, according to the bilateral agreement, the project will allocate approximately 10% of the antenna usage time for Argentine scientific research, thereby achieving valuable technology sharing and enhancing Argentina’s capabilities in high-tech fields. This cooperation not only promotes the training of high-quality talent in Argentina but also strengthens Argentina’s economic security by diversifying its technological capabilities and reducing its dependence on primary industries, creating conditions for Argentina’s long-term prosperity.

其一，中国与阿根廷加强外空安全合作。中国在阿根廷内乌肯省建立的深空测控站是中拉安全、发展与技术合作的标志性项目之一。该设施于 2018 年投入运营，由中国国家航天局与阿根廷空间委员会共同管理。从全球安全倡议视角看，该项目有助于促进两国的太空安全。一方面，该项目为中国空间探测工程提供了地面支持，对中国科技长期发展至关重要；另一方面，根据双方协议，该项目将为阿根廷科学研究提供约10%的天线使用时间，从而实现了宝贵的技术共享，提升了阿根廷高新技术领域的能力。这一合作不仅推动了阿根廷高素质人才培养，还通过促进技术能力多元化、减少对初级产业的依赖，增强了阿根廷的经济安全，为阿根廷长期繁荣创造了条件。

Second, China and Ecuador have cooperated in building safe cities. The application and expansion of Chinese technology in Ecuador’s telecommunications infrastructure and safe city construction represent another important practical achievement of the Global Security Initiative in Latin America. Chinese companies such as Huawei and ZTE have played a significant role in promoting the modernization of 4G networks and the construction of 5G infrastructure in Latin America. In Ecuador, the ECU911 security system, supported by Chinese technology and financing, is an integrated system combining video surveillance, emergency rescue, and nationwide incident response. By enhancing Ecuador’s ability to respond to natural disasters, crime, and other emergencies, the ECU911 security system creates a crucial security environment for Ecuador’s economic and social development, and its importance in safeguarding Ecuador’s social security is beyond doubt. The application of this cutting-edge technology implies a certain degree of advanced technology transfer through technical training and support, thereby strengthening Ecuador’s digital security capabilities as a participating country in the Global Security Initiative. The China-Ecuador security cooperation demonstrates that technological investment in public security can be transformed into an engine for development, injecting indispensable stability to stimulate economic growth and investment.

其二，中国与厄瓜多尔合作共建安全城市。中国技术在厄瓜多尔电信基础设施和安全城市建设中的应用与拓展，是全球安全倡议在拉美的又一重要实践成果。华为和中兴等中国企业在推动拉美4G网络现代化和5G基础设施建设中发挥了重要作用。在厄瓜多尔，由中国提供技术和融资支持的ECU911安全系统，是一个集视频监控、紧急救援与全国性事件响应于一体的综合系统。ECU911安全系统通过提升厄瓜多尔应对自然灾害、犯罪及其他紧急情况的能力，为厄瓜多尔经济社会发展创造了至关重要的安全环境，在保障厄瓜多尔社会安全方面的重要性毋庸置疑。这项尖端技术的应用意味着通过技术培训与支持实现了一定程度的前沿技术转移，从而强化了厄瓜多尔作为全球安全倡议参与国的数字安全能力。中厄安全合作表明，对公共安全的技术投入可以转化为发展引擎，为拉动经济增长与投资注入不可或缺的稳定性。

Third, China and Cuba have deepened cooperation on public health security. The cooperation between China and Cuba in the fields of biotechnology and health is a model for coordinating development and security. Despite Cuba’s long-term economic blockade by the United States, it has maintained close cooperation with China. Both China and Cuba believe that public health security and scientific and technological capabilities are crucial for enhancing national resilience. Although facing economic sanctions, Cuba has continuously developed and expanded its biotechnology industry, making it a strong partner for China. Through the establishment of China-Cuba joint ventures and joint research centers, the two sides are committed to the joint research, development, and production of vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, and diagnostic technologies. For example, the Cuban Biopharmaceutical Group has cooperated with Chinese companies in research, development, and production in areas such as interferons. China-Cuba biotechnology cooperation effectively safeguards global public health security by improving treatment accessibility and epidemic response capabilities. This cooperation not only provides crucial resources and markets for Cuba’s biotechnology research, development, and production but also enables China to leverage Cuba’s advanced experience in specific fields, promoting two-way technology transfer and enhancing domestic medical innovation capabilities. The significance of China-Cuba cooperation is also reflected in the realm of economic security. Through biotechnology exports to China, Cuba has gained access to a vast market, obtaining crucial foreign exchange earnings and development resources, effectively alleviating the pressure of external blockades. China has thereby diversified its channels for biotechnology innovation and gained market access for new drugs, providing new support for safeguarding its economic security and national health. The enormous potential of the China-Cuba strategic scientific and technological cooperation demonstrates that even partnering with a smaller economy like Cuba, which is under external pressure, can empower shared development and ensure common security. Both China and Cuba have consistently upheld the concept of win-win cooperation, which is highly consistent with the core principles of the Global Security Initiative and stands in stark contrast to interventionist acts that prioritize confrontation and isolation.

其三，中国与古巴深化公共卫生安全合作。中国与古巴在生物技术与卫生领域的合作堪称统筹发展和安全的典范。尽管古巴长期遭受美国的经济封锁，但始终保持着与中国的密切合作。中古双方认为，公共卫生安全与科技能力对于提升国家韧性至关重要。古巴虽面临经济制裁，但仍不断发展壮大生物技术产业，这使其成为中国有力的合作伙伴。双方通过组建中古合资企业和联合研究中心，致力于疫苗、生物制药及诊断技术的共同研发与生产。例如，古巴生物医药集团与中国企业在干扰素等领域开展研发与生产合作。中古生物技术合作通过提升治疗可及性和疫情应对能力，有力维护了全球公共卫生安全。这一合作不仅为古巴生物技术研发与生产提供了至关重要的资源和市场，也使中国能借助古巴在特定领域的先进经验，推动双向技术转移，增强本土医疗创新能力。中古合作的重大意义同样体现在经济安全层面。古巴通过对华生物技术出口，打开了广阔市场，获得了至关重要的外汇收入与发展资源，有效缓解了外部封锁压力。中国因此实现了生物技术创新渠道的多元化和新药品的市场准入，为保障其经济安全和国民健康提供了新助力。中古科技战略合作的巨大潜力表明，即便与古巴这样规模较小且承受外部压力的经济体携手，也能赋能共同发展，保障共同安全。中古双方始终秉持合作共赢理念，这与全球安全倡议的核心原则高度契合，与那些将对抗和孤立置于首位的干涉行径形成鲜明对比。

VI. Conclusion

六、结语

As a global power, China has profoundly promoted the transformation of the international order from unipolar dominance to a multipolar pattern. In this context, the Global Security Initiative is not only a foreign policy proposition but also a programmatic declaration that comprehensively elaborates China’s vision for global security governance and actively positions itself as a defender and promoter of stability and development. This strategic narrative aims to consolidate its image as a responsible major country, distinguishing itself from traditional Western paradigms while offering a new path toward global peace and prosperity.

中国作为全球性大国，深刻推动了国际秩序由单极主导向多极化格局的转变。在此背景下，全球安全倡议不仅是一项对外主张，更是一份纲领宣言，全面阐述了中国对全球安全治理的愿景，并积极将自身定位为稳定与发展的维护者、推动者。这一战略叙事旨在巩固其负责任大国的形象，既区别于传统的西方范式，又提供了一条通往全球和平与繁荣的新路径。

First, China advocates a security concept that transcends military confrontation and is committed to being a defender of stability. The Global Security Initiative emphasizes a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, opposing the logic of bloc confrontation, unilateralism, and hegemonism. In China’s view, these are the main causes of global instability. China adheres to principles such as respect for national sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, and peaceful resolution of disputes, striving to shape an international image that prioritizes dialogue and cooperation over the use of military force to maintain peace and stability. This stance is deeply influenced by China’s modern history of foreign interference, making it more firmly regard these principles as the cornerstone for achieving lasting peace. China continues to play a constructive role in multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations, advocating for genuine multilateralism and international law as pillars for maintaining the stability of the international order.

首先，中国倡导超越军事对抗的安全理念，致力于成为稳定的维护者。全球安全倡议强调共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，反对集团对抗逻辑、单边主义和霸权主义。在中国看来，这些正是全球不稳定的主要原因。中国坚持尊重国家主权、不干涉内政与和平解决争端等原则，致力于塑造一个以对话合作优先而非依靠武力强权维护和平稳定的国际形象。这一立场深受中国近代遭受外国干涉的历史影响，使中国更加坚定地视这些原则为实现持久和平的基石。中国在联合国等多边框架中持续发挥建设性作用，倡导以真正的多边主义和国际法作为维护国际秩序稳定的支柱。

Second, as its position as a development partner continues to consolidate, China recognizes that security and stability are inseparable from economic and social progress. The Global Security Initiative incorporates economic, social, environmental, and digital security into a comprehensive security system. In the process of jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative with various countries, China has vividly demonstrated its commitment to coordinating development and security through a series of concrete and practical measures. By investing heavily in infrastructure construction, connectivity projects, and sustainable development plans in regions such as Latin America, China is committed to achieving shared prosperity. Projects such as the Argentina deep-space tracking and control station and the China-Cuba biotechnology cooperation, carried out through China-Latin America cooperation, are not only economic investments but also include significant technology transfer and local capacity building, which both enhance the economic security of partner countries and promote regional stability. Furthermore, international cooperation in areas such as public health, food security, and sustainable energy advocates a security concept based on mutual benefit, win-win outcomes, and equitable growth, further strengthening China’s image as a provider of concrete solutions for the security and well-being of people.

其次，随着中国作为发展伙伴的地位不断巩固，中国认识到安全稳定与经济社会进步密不可分。全球安全倡议将经济、社会、环境和数字安全纳入综合安全体系。中国在与各国共建“一带一路”过程中，通过一系列务实具体的举措，生动践行了中国统筹发展和安全的承诺。通过在拉丁美洲等地区大规模投资基础设施建设、互联互通项目以及可持续发展计划，中国致力于实现共同繁荣。中拉合作开展的阿根廷深空测控站和中古生物技术合作等项目，不仅是经济上的投资，还包括重要的技术转移和本地能力建设，既增强了伙伴国的经济安全，也促进了区域稳定。此外，在公共卫生、粮食安全和可持续能源领域的国际合作倡导基于互利共赢与公平增长的安全观念，进一步强化了中国致力于为民众安全与福祉提供切实解决方案的形象。

Finally, by promoting the implementation of the Global Security Initiative and related measures, China is actively shaping its image as a responsible major country in a multipolar world. This narrative aims to promote the transformation of the international order from unipolar dominance to multipolar cooperation, and the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind is the concentrated embodiment of this vision. China respects the diversity of civilizations, promotes international solidarity and consensus-building, and supports all countries in independently choosing their development paths. At present, tensions remain between China and some Western major powers, which attempt to interpret China’s development path from the perspective of strategic competition and hegemonic transition. Nevertheless, China continues to demonstrate its consistent stance on maintaining world peace and development through the sustained implementation of the Global Security Initiative, thereby continuously consolidating its international image as a responsible major country.

最后，中国通过推动落实全球安全倡议及相关措施，正积极塑造其作为多极世界负责任大国的良好形象。这一叙事旨在推动国际秩序从单极主导向多极合作转变，人类命运共同体理念正是这一愿景的集中体现。中国尊重文明多样性，促进国际团结与形成共识，并支持各国自主选择发展道路。当前，中国与部分西方大国之间的紧张关系依然存在，这些国家试图从战略竞争和霸权更替视角解读中国发展道路。尽管如此，中国仍通过持续践行全球安全倡议，彰显其维护世界和平与发展的一贯立场，不断巩固其负责任大国的国际形象。

In summary, the Global Security Initiative advocates a non-confrontational security concept, demonstrating China’s vision for reshaping the global security governance landscape. In Latin America, China promotes China-Latin America development cooperation through technology transfer and economic growth plans. The two sides will further promote the implementation of the Global Security Initiative in Latin America through the alignment of security concepts and the integration of interests, ensuring that the initiative genuinely meets the region’s development and security needs, and contributing China-Latin America strength to the long-term stability and common development of the international community.

总之，全球安全倡议倡导非对抗性安全理念，展现了中国重塑全球安全治理格局的愿景。在拉丁美洲，中国通过技术转移和经济增长计划，推动中拉发展合作。中拉双方将进一步通过安全理念对接与利益融合，共同推动全球安全倡议在拉美落地，使该倡议切实符合地区发展与安全需求，并为国际社会的长期稳定与共同发展贡献中拉力量。